Chemistry.2.I.VIII.

2021

DESCRIBE CHANGE STATE OF MATTER

The state of matter of a substance can be change. This kind of change is called a physical
change. It is a reversible reaction. This means that the reaction can go forwards and also backward.

Melting
When a solid is heated to its melting point it loses its shape and starts to flow. This change is
called melting point and the solid turns into a liquid. The temperature at which melting takes place is
called the melting point. When a solid is heated, the heat provides the particles with more energy. The
energy makes the particles vibrate more strongly and push each other a little further apart-the solid
expands. If the solid is heated further, the energy makes the particles vibrate so strongly that the slide
over each other and become liquid.

Freezing
When a liquid is cooled to its freezing point the particles lose so much energy that they can no
longer move around each other. Freezing is the reverse of melting. It is the changing of a liquid into a
solid. The temperature at which this takes place is called the freezing point. The only movement
possible is the vibration to and fro about one position in the lattice. The liquid has become a solid.

Evaporating
The process by which a liquid changes into a gas over a range of temperatures is called
evaporation. The gas escapes from the surface of the liquid. If the temperature of the liquid is higher,
it evaporates faster.
The particles theory can be used to explain evaporation in the following way. The particles in a
liquid have different amounts of energy. The particles with the most energy move the fastest. High-
energy liquid particles near the surface move so fast that the can break through the surface and escape
into the air, forming a gas.

Boiling
When a liquid reaches its boiling point bubbles of gas form in it which rise to the surface and
burst in the air. This process in called boiling. The temperature at which it takes place is called boiling
point.
The particle theory can be used to explain boiling in the following way. When a liquid heated,
all the particles receive more energy and move more quickly. The fastest moving particles escape from
the liquid surface or collect in the liquid to form bubbles. The bubble rise to the surface and burst
open into the air. The fast-moving particles released from the liquid form to a gas.

Condensing
If a gas cools down far enough it condenses and forms a liquid. The particle theory explains
condensation in this way. The particles in a gas possess a large amount of energy, which they use to
move. If the particles are cooled, they lose some of their energy and slow down. If the gas is cooled
sufficiently, the particles lose so much energy that they can no longer bounce off each other when they
meet. The particles now slide over each other and form a liquid.

Sublimation
A few substances can change from a solid to a gas, or from a gas to solid, without forming
liquid. This process is called sublimation. For examples solid carbon dioxide or dry ice and solid
sulfur.

Dissolving
When a solid dissolves in a liquid it seem to disappear into it. If it coloured sustance it may
colour the liquid. However it does not disappear, its particles simply separate and spread out through
the liquid. This is posible because the liquid has gaps between its particles and it is into them that the
particles of the dissolving substance pass.
Exercise:

1. The temperature at which melting takes place is called................................................

2. The change of a liquid to a solid is called...............................................
3. The process by which a liquid changes into a gas over a range of temperatures is called....................
4. Tell you about boiling............................................................
5. What is the meaning of condensing?..............................................................
6. In what ways are evaporation and boiling: ………………..
a. Similar
b. Diffferent
7. What cause the change in the arrangement of the particles when a liquid freezes into
solid…………
8. Look at the picture below!

Explain the change of matter:

a. ……………
b. ……………
c. ……………
d. ……………
e. ……………
f. ……………

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