Wisley D.

Gadingan BSN-4

Ventilator
Ventilators are mainly used in hospitals and in transport systems such as ambulances and
MEDEVAC air transport etc. In some cases, they can be used at home, if the illness is long
term and the caregivers at home receive training and have adequate nursing and other
resources in the home. Being on a ventilator may make you more susceptible
to pneumonia, damage to your vocal cords, or other problems.

 Hypoxia: acute hypoxemic respiratory failure

 Hypo ventilation
 Unacceptably high work of breathing
 Hemodynamic compromise
 Cardiorespiratory arrest
 Refractory shock
 Raised intracranial pressure
 Flail chest

Pulse Oximeter
Pulse oximetry is a test used to measure the oxygen level (oxygen saturation) of the blood. It is
an easy, painless measure of how well oxygen is being sent to parts of your body furthest from
your heart, such as the arms and legs.

Any clinical setting where hypoxia could occur –

 all resuscitation
 Asthmatics
 COPD
 Airway obstruction
Electrocardiogram ( ECG )
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a medical test that detects cardiac (heart) abnormalities by
measuring the electrical activity generated by the heart as it contracts. The machine that records
the patient’s ECG is called an electrocardiograph.

 Myocardial infarction of ischemia

 Surgical procedures
 Fluid and electrolyte imbalance
 Hemorrhage
 Cardiac history
 Trauma
 Respiratory illness
 Kidney failure
 Infections

Foley Catheter
A flexible plastic tube (a catheter) inserted into the bladder to provide continuous urinary
drainage

 Relieving urinary obstruction

 Drainage of neurogenic bladder with retention
 Monitoring output in critically ill patients
 Pressure ulcer
 Severe cases of macrohematuria or pyuria
 Urogenital or adjacent surgery

Defibrillator
A defibrillator is a device that gives a high energy electric shock to the heart of someone
who is in cardiac arrest. This high energy shock is called defibrillation, and it's an essential
part in trying to save the life of someone who's in cardiac arrest.

Indications: restore a normal heartbeat by sending an

electric pulse or shock to the heart. They are used to
prevent or correct an arrhythmia, a heartbeat that is
uneven or that is too slow or too fast. Defibrillators
can also restore the heart's beating if the heart
suddenly stops.
Infusion Pump
• Enteral pump - A pump used to deliver liquid nutrients and medications to a
patient’s digestive tract.
• Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump - A pump used to deliver pain medication,
which is equipped with a feature that allows patients to self-administer a controlled
amount of medication, as needed.
• Insulin pump - A pump typically used to deliver
insulin to patients with diabetes. Insulin pumps are
frequently used in the home.

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure

CPAP, the abbreviation for continuous positive airway pressure therapy, is a treatment
method for patients who have sleep apnea. CPAP machines use mild air pressure to keep
the airways open, and are typically used by patients who have breathing problems during
sleep.
 Keep your airway open while you sleep.
 Reduce or eliminate your snoring
altogether.
 Improve your quality of sleep.
 Reduce or eliminate daytime sleepiness,
a symptom of sleep apnea.
 Circumvent or significantly reduce high
blood pressure.

Blood Warmer
A blood warmer is used to warm blood or other fluids, minimizing the risk of hypothermia.
Blood is kept refrigerated for preservation of the cells. It is essential to warm it to an
appropriate temperature not only to prevent hypothermia but also to prevent hemolysis,
or breakdown of the blood cells.
 warm blood or other fluids
 minimizing the risk of hypothermia
Bronchoscope
A bronchoscope is a device used to see the inside of the airways and lungs. The scope can
be flexible or rigid. A flexible scope is almost always used. It is a tube less than one half inch
(1 centimeter) wide and about 2 feet (60 centimeters) long. In rare cases, a rigid
bronchoscope is used.
 Diagnosis of a lung problem
 Identification of a lung infection
 Biopsy of tissue from the lung
 Removal of mucus, a foreign body, or other
obstruction in the airways or lungs, such as a
tumor
 Placement of a small tube to hold open an airway
(stent)
 Treatment of a lung problem (interventional bronchoscopy), such as bleeding, an
abnormal narrowing of the airway (stricture) or a collapsed lung (pneumothorax)

Suction Catheter

Suction catheters are placed in the chest to remove warm blood, the aorta is cross-clamped
in the supraceliac location, and the arterial and portal circulations are flushed—usually
with University of Wisconsin (UW) solution or histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK)—
through the previously placed cannulae.
The upper airway warms, cleans and moistens the
air we breathe. The trach tube bypasses these
mechanisms, so that the air moving through the
tube is cooler, dryer and not as clean.  In response
to these changes, the body produces more mucus.
Suctioning clears mucus from
the tracheostomy tube and is essential for proper
breathing. Also, secretions left in the tube could
become contaminated and a chest infection could
develop.  Avoid suctioning too frequently as this
could lead to more secretion buildup.