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MTK 7 Operasi Vektor
MTK 7 Operasi Vektor
MTK 7 Operasi Vektor
Heri Sutanta
• Where
a11 b11 c11
a12 b12 c12
a21 b21 c 21
a22 b22 c 22
a31 b31 c31
a32 b32 c32
• Hence
1 2 4 6 5 8
3 4 4 6 7 10
5 6 4 6 9 12
Matrix Multiplication
• where
c11 1 * 1 4 * 2 7 * 3 30
c12 1 * 4 4 * 5 7 * 6 66
c 21 2 * 1 5 * 2 8 * 3 36
c 22 2 * 4 5 * 5 8 * 6 81
c31 3 * 1 6 * 2 9 * 3 42
c32 3 * 4 6 * 5 9 * 6 96
Matrix multiplication is not Commutative
• A(BC) = (AB)C
Special matrices
a11 0 0 0
0 a 0 0
22
0 0 a33 0
0 0 0 a44
Identity Matrix
1 0 0 0
0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0
0 0 0 1
Null Matrix
• A square matrix where all elements equal zero.
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0
1 4
1 2 3
A 2 5, A'
3 6 4 5 6
The Transpose of a Matrix A'
3 1
12 (2) 14
2 4
Diagonal 1 = 12
The Determinant for a 2x2 matrix
• If A = a11 a12
a
21 22
a
• Then
A a11a22 a12a21
5 2 6 5 2
2 1 4 2 1
3 3 4 3 3
-20 -24 36
Matrix Determinants
5 2 6 5 2
2 1 4 2 1 = (-8) - (94) = -102
3 3 4 3 3
-20 -24 36
The Determinant for a 3x3 matrix
• If A = a11 a12 a13
a a a
21 22 23
• Then
A a11a22a33 a11a23a32 a12a23a31 a12a21a33 a13a21a32 a13a22a31
Properties of Determinates
• Determinants have several mathematical
properties which are useful in matrix
manipulations.
– 1 |A|=|A'|.
– 2. If a row of A = 0, then |A|= 0.
– 3. If every value in a row is multiplied by k, then |A|
= k|A|.
– 4. If two rows (or columns) are interchanged the
sign, but not value, of |A| changes.
– 5. If two rows are identical, |A| = 0.
Properties of Determinates
– 6. |A| remains unchanged if each element of a
row or each element multiplied by a constant, is
added to any other row.
– 7. Det of product = product of Det's |A| = |A| |B|
– 8. Det of a diagonal matrix = product of the
diagonal elements
Matrix Products
28
Barnett/Ziegler/Byleen Finite Mathematics 11e
Matrix Equations
a b 2 1 4 3
c d 5 6 2 4
a b 2 1 4 3
c d 5 6 2 4
Solution: Subtract the matrices on the left side:
a 2 b 1 4 3
c 5 d 6 2 4
Use the definition of equality to change this matrix equation into 4 real
number equations:
a - 2 = 4 b + 1 = 3 c + 5 = -2 d-6=4 a=6 b=
2 c = -7 d = 10
31
Barnett/Ziegler/Byleen Finite Mathematics 11e
Solution using Matrix Multiplication
33
Barnett/Ziegler/Byleen Finite Mathematics 11e
Undefined Matrix Multiplication
34
Barnett/Ziegler/Byleen Finite Mathematics 11e
Undefined Matrix Multiplication
Solution
Why is the matrix multiplication below not defined?
The answer is that the left matrix has three
columns but the matrix on the right has only two
rows. To multiply the second row [4 5 6] by the
third column, 3 , there is no number to pair with 6
to multiply. 7
35
Barnett/Ziegler/Byleen Finite Mathematics 11e
Practical Application
36
Barnett/Ziegler/Byleen Finite Mathematics 11e
Solution of Practical Application
3 1 2 1 1 0
5 2 5 3 0 1
Inverse Matrices
3 1
Example 1: A
5 2
det(A) 6 (5) 1
11 2 1 2 1
A
1 5 3 5 3
Inverse Matrices
2 2
Example 2: B
5 4
11 4 2 2 1
B 5
2 5 2 2 1
The Inverse of a Matrix (A-1)
1 4 3 1 0 0
2 5 4 0 1 0
1 3 2 0 0 1
Matrix Inversion – cont.
1 0 1 / 3 5 / 3 4 / 3 0
0 1 2 / 3 2 / 3 1 / 3 0
0 7 5 1 0 1
Matrix Inversion – cont.
• Remember AA-1=I
1 4 3 2 1 1 1 0 0
2 5 4 8 5 2 0 1 0
1 3 2 11 7 3 0 0 1
• Thus 1 * 2 4 * 8 3 * 11 1
1 * 1 4 * 5 3 * 7 0
etc
Identity Matrix and Inverses
1 0 0
I 33 0 1 0
0 0 1
1 1
AA A A I
1 1 1
( AB) B A