Role of a Graphic Designer in Printing Industry

Submitted to
Mohammad Ferdous Khan
Assistant Professor
Department of Graphic Design & Multimedia

Submitted by
Sadia Islam Mim
I’D:201031083
Semester: 5th A, Batch: 38th
Department of Graphic Design & Multimedia

Module Title: Press & Printing Process

Date of Submission
August 31, 2021

Shanto-Mariam University of Creative Technology

 Acknowledgement
In the first place, I would like to give thanks to almighty Allah as well as thanks my honorable
teacher to provide the foe me. It is very necessary for me to make my basic idea about graphic
design and multimedia. Then I want to give thanks to my course teacher Ferdous Khan for
helping me. Without her help it is quite impossible to complete this assignment, from this
assignment I learn a lot about Role of a Graphic Designer in Printing Industry.
.
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 Content

Introduction……………………………………………………………….……...5

The advent of printing ………………………………………………………..….5

Printmaking………………………………………………………….…..………. 6

A Graphic Designer in Printing Industry…………………………….…..………. 6

Types of print design…….......................................................................................7

Page layout…….……………………………………….………….…….………..8

The partnership between graphic design and printing….……….….….………….8

Literature review………………………………………………..…………………9

Observation and Analysis……………………………………..…………………10

Conclusion …………………………………..…………………….…………… 11

References………………………………………………………………….…….12
 List of Plates

Plate 1…..…………………………………………………………………5
Plate 2……..………………………………………………………………5
Plate 3…..…………………………………………………………………6
Plate 4………………………………………………………………….….6
Plate 5…………………………………………………………………..…7
Plate 6……………………………………………………………….….…7
Plate 7…………………………………………………………………..…8
Plate 8…………………………………………………………………..…8
Plate 9………………………………………………………………..……9
Plate 10..……………………………………………………………….…10
Plate 11..……………………………………………………………….…11

Introduction:
Graphics is a method of communication that we
use to portray our ideas to our audience, and the
better we can communicate the more
information that they can retain. So the graphics
of the sections and perspectives really helped
communicate what the plan view was trying to
convey. A designer is a person who plans the
form or structure of something before it is made,
by preparing drawings or plans. In practice,
anyone who creates tangible or intangible
objects, products, processes, laws, games,
graphics, services, or experiences can be Plate 1
referred to as a designer. Aside from technology,
graphic design requires judgment and creativity.
Critical, observational, quantitative and analytic thinking are required for design layouts
and rendering.1

The advent of printing

During the Tang Dynasty (618–907) wood blocks were
cut to print on textiles and later to reproduce Buddhist
texts. A Buddhist scripture printed in 868 is the earliest
known printed book. Beginning in the 11th century,
longer scrolls and books were produced using movable
type printing, making books widely available during
the Song dynasty (960–1279). During the 17th-18th
century movable type was used for handbills or trade
cards which were printed from wood or copper
engravings. These documents announced a business and
its location. English painter William Hogarth used his
skill in engraving was one of the first to design. .In Mainz
Germany, in 1448, Johannes Gutenberg introduced
movable type using a new metal alloy for use in a printing
press and opened a new era of commerce. This made
graphics more readily available since mass printing
dropped the price of printing material.
Plate 2
Aldus Pius Manutius, illustration in Vita
di Aldo Pio Manuzio (1759)

1
Billie J. Collier, Martin J. Bide, and Phyllis G., Understanding of Textiles, Pearson Publishers, 2009, ISBN 978-0-
13-118770-2, ISBN 0-13-118770-8
Printmaking
Printmaking is the process of making artworks by printing on paper and other materials or
surfaces. The process is capable of producing multiples of the same work, each called a print.
Each print is an original, technically known as an impression. Prints are created from a single
original surface, technically a matrix. Common types of matrices include: plates of metal, usually
copper or zinc for engraving or etching; stone, used for lithography; blocks of wood for
woodcuts, linoleum for linocuts and fabric plates for screen-printing. Works printed from a
single plate create an edition, in modern times usually each signed and numbered to form a
limited edition. Prints may be published in book form, as artist's books. A single print could be
the product of one or multiple techniques.2

Plate 2 Plate 3
The New-York Gazette (1725-1744)
The Boston News-Letter, first issue
was the first newspaper published in
the Province of New York

A Graphic Designer in Printing Industry

2
Bowles, Melanie, 1961- (2012). Digital textile design. Isaac, Ceri. (2nd ed.). London: Laurence King Pub. ISBN 1-
78067-223-3. OCLC 866622297
Print designers create graphic materials for
printed advertisements. Companies of all
types hire these professionals to design print
ads, brochures, and marketing materials. Print
designers rarely travel to perform their duties,
as they work within the office visualizing,
designing, and creating material. A graphics
printer is any printer capable of printing
graphics, these are the most common and
popular printers today. Examples of graphics
printers are inkjet and laser printers. 3 Plate 4

Types of print design

Print design is all around us, often in ways we take for granted. Traditional business marketing still
relies on print media to spread awareness of their brand. Print design also takes center stage in
industries like publishing, where a well-designed cover can make a huge difference in book sales.
These are some of the types of print design to be aware of:

 Business cards  Stationery

 Branded packaging, labels and shopping bags  Greeting cards and
Brochures invitations

 Billboards  Calendars
 Book covers and interiors  Posters
 Magazines and newspapers  Menus
 Signage  Banners
Page layout

Plate 5

Page layout deals with the arrangement of elements (content)

on a page, such as image placement, text layout and style.

3
Billie J. Collier, Martin J. Bide, and Phyllis G., Understanding of Textiles, Pearson Publishers, 2009, ISBN 978-0-
13-118770-2, ISBN 0-13-118770-8

Plate 7
Golden section in book design
Page design has always been a consideration in printed material and more recently extended to
displays such as web pages. Elements typically consist of type (text), images (pictures), and
(with print media) occasionally place-holder graphics such as a dieline for elements that are not
printed with ink such as die/laser cutting, foil stamping or blind embossing

The partnership between graphic design and printing

Graphic design industry and printing

technology are inseparable and they
were always linked together. In fact,
lithographic printing in early poster
design marked the birth of graphic
design (Newark, 2007). As a profession,
graphic design has only existed since
the middle of the twentieth century. It
owes its creation to the industrial
revolution, and fundamental
transformation on western economics.
At that time, graphics played an
important role in the progress of
industrial developments, and in Plate 8
marketing factory output (Weill, 2004).Worthington (1998) asserted that during the industrial
revolution, the lithographic printing process was invented in Germany in 1797 by Alois
Senefelder which was then perfected by Englemann. At the end of the nineteenth century,
lithography allowed artists to print large formats of posters and to use color, and gave them the
freedom to draw their own lettering, which had previously been limited to a ready-made type
design.4

Literature Review
Printed designs are produced by the application of various
printing processes to fabric or cloth and other media,
namely: resist printing, relief printing, rotogravure, screen
printing, transfer printing, and digital printing. These
processes utilize various inks and dyes to imprint aesthetic,
often repeating patterns, motifs, and styles onto the fabric or
cloth. Printed textile designers are predominantly and

4
Briggs-Goode, A. (Amanda). Printed textile design. London. ISBN 978-1-78067-403-2. OCLC 898176484.
inextricably involved with home interior design (designing patterns for carpets, wallpapers, or
even ceramics), the fashion and clothing industries, and the paper industry (designing stationary
or gift wrap).5
There are numerous established and enduring printed styles and designs that can be broken down
into four major categories: floral, geometric, world cultures, and conversational. Floral
designs include flowers, plants, or any botanical theme. Geometric designs feature themes both
inorganic and abstract such as tessellations. Designs surrounding world cultures may be traced to
a specific geographic, ethnic, or anthropological source. Finally, conversational designs are
designs that fit less easily into the other categories: they may be described as presenting
"imagery that references popular icons of a particular time period or season, or which is unique
and challenges our perceptions in some way." Each category contains sundry, more specific
individual styles and designs.6

Observation and Analysis

5
Calamari, Sage; Hyllegard, Karen H. (2016-07-07). "An exploration of designers' perspectives on human health
and environmental impacts of interior textiles". Textiles and Clothing Sustainability. 2 (1): 9. doi:10.1186/s40689-
016-0020-7. ISSN 2197-9936

6
Clarke, Simon, 1963-. Textile design. London [England]. ISBN 978-1-78539-200-9. OCLC 908338301.
The origins of graphic design can be traced from the origins
of human existence, from the caves of Lascaux, to
Rome's Trajan's Column to the illuminated manuscripts of
the Middle Ages, to the neon lights of Ginza, Tokyo. In
"Babylon, artisans pressed cuneiform inscriptions into clay
bricks or tablets which were used for construction. The
bricks gave information such as the name of the reigning
monarch, the builder, or some other dignitary".[5] This was
the first known road sign announcing the name of the
governor of a state or mayor of the city. The Egyptians
developed communication by hieroglyphics that used picture
symbols dating as far back as 136 B.C. found on the Rosetta
Stone. "The Rosetta stone, found by one of Napoleon's
engineers was an advertisement for the Egyptian ruler,
Ptolemy as the "true Son of the Sun, the Father of the Moon,
and the Keeper of the Happiness of Men" [5] The Egyptians
also invented papyrus, paper made from reeds found along
the Nile, on which they transcribed advertisements more Plate 7
common among their people at the time. During the "Dark Frontispiece depicting Dante, Petrarch,
Ages", from 500 AD to 1450 AD, monks created elaborate, Boccaccio with the arms of the Medici-
illustrated manuscripts7. Toledo family on top.
Graphic design in the United States began with Benjamin
Franklin who used his newspaper The Pennsylvania
Gazette to master the art of publicity, to promote his own
books, and to influence the masses. "Benjamin Franklin's
ingenuity gained in strength as did his cunning and in 1737 he had replaced his counterpart in
Pennsylvania, Andrew Bradford as postmaster and printer after a competition he instituted and
won. He showed his prowess by running an ad in his General Magazine and the Historical
Chronicle of British Plantations in America (the precursor to the Saturday Evening Post) tha
stressed the benefits offered by a stove he invented, named the Pennsylvania Fireplace. His
invention is still sold today and is known as the Franklin stove.8

Conclusion

Graphic design and printing technology are inseparable,

and they are highly connected to each other. Printing
and graphic art industry are going through a significant

7
Jackson, Lesley : Twentieth-Century Pattern Design, Princeton Architectural Press, New York, 2002. ISBN 1-
56898-333-6

8
Jackson, Lesley : Shirley Craven and Hull Traders: Revolutionary Fabrics and Furniture 1957-1980, ACC
Editions, 2009, ISBN 1-85149-608-4
period of transformation, such as the emergence of digital technology and reducing the
number of printing employers in printing companies, which certainly have affected the
workforce development. Therefore, educational institutions should respond to the industry
workforce development needs, and they should develop advanced curriculums and training
courses to built workforce skill and productivity. The graphic design students must be provided a
special education courses and field training that teaches them not only discipline-specific
contents, but also teach them how to approach printing processes and providing the students
with firsthand training practices, because of the increasing emphasis of companies on high
level of printing skills, and for employment purposes. Offset lithography printing and digital
printing technology are highly recommended to be included in the graphic design curriculum,
because they are dominant and widely utilized in most printing industries, for their ability
to produce prints in mass production. Students need to learn and understand the special skills
set that are associated with each method. Printing technology education will offer new
capabilities and job opportunity to the graphic designer, and it will supply the workforce with
adequate job skill and experiences.9

References
 Billie J. Collier, Martin J. Bide, and Phyllis G., Understanding of Textiles, Pearson
Publishers, 2009, ISBN 978-0-13-118770-2, ISBN 0-13-118770-8
 Bowles, Melanie, 1961- (2012). Digital textile design. Isaac, Ceri. (2nd ed.). London:
Laurence King Pub. ISBN 1-78067-223-3. OCLC 866622297
 Briggs-Goode, A. (Amanda). Printed textile design. London. ISBN 978-1-78067-403-2.
OCLC 898176484.
 Calamari, Sage; Hyllegard, Karen H. (2016-07-07). "An exploration of designers'
perspectives on human health and environmental impacts of interior textiles". Textiles and
Clothing Sustainability. 2 (1): 9. doi:10.1186/s40689-016-0020-7. ISSN 2197-9936
 Clarke, Simon, 1963-. Textile design. London [England]. ISBN 978-1-78539-200-9.
OCLC 908338301.

9
Kadolph, Sara J., ed.: Textiles, 10th edition, Pearson/Prentice-Hall, 2007, ISBN 0-13-118769-4
 Gale, Colin, Lajwanti Lahori, and Jasbir Kaur, The Textile Book, Berg Publishers,
2002, ISBN 1-85973-512-6
 Jackson, Lesley : Twentieth-Century Pattern Design, Princeton Architectural Press, New
York, 2002. ISBN 1-56898-333-6
 Jackson, Lesley : Shirley Craven and Hull Traders: Revolutionary Fabrics and Furniture
1957-1980, ACC Editions, 2009, ISBN 1-85149-608-4
 Jenkins, David, ed.: The Cambridge History of Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University
Press, 2003, ISBN 0-521-34107-8
 Kadolph, Sara J., ed.: Textiles, 10th edition, Pearson/Prentice-Hall, 2007, ISBN 0-13-
118769-4