EDIBLE VACCINE: A Medicine As A Food

Mentors – P.K. Singour, Ashish Singhai

Presented By – Shubhanjali Pandey
VNS Faculty of Pharmacy
WHAT IS VACCINE?
• A Vaccine is a Biological preparation that improves Immunity to a particular
disease.
• Contains an agent that resembles a disease causing Microorganism and is
often made from weakened or killed forms of the Microbes.
• Stimulate the Body’s Immune System to recognize the agent, destroy it and
keep a record of it for later encounters.
WHAT IS EDIBLE VACCINE?
A Protein which acts as the vaccine, present in food and consumed as the
internal composition of food is known as EDIBLE VACCINE.
HISTORY WHY EDIBLE VACCINE?
❖ First Vaccine :- EDWARD GENNER (1796) used this in treatment of Small Pox. NEEDLE FREE :
• Oral Vaccines provide “Mucosal Immunity” at various sites by secreting
❖ First Edible Vaccine :- MASON ET AL (1992) for Hepatitis B expressed in Antibodies.
Tobacco/Leaf. • Don’t to worry about Reuse, Misuse and lack of sterilization. Thus, low risk of
infection.
EASY ADMINISTRATION :
• Administrating Oral Vaccine would require little or not training at all.
STORAGE :
• Heat-stable; do not require Cold-chain Maintenance.
SAFE :
• Most importantly, they trigger the immunity at the Mucosal surfaces such as
Mouth which is body’s first line of defence.
• Needs no purification.
LIMITATIONS
MECHANISM OF ACTION
• Development of Immune tolerance to vaccine peptide or protein.
The goal of oral vaccination is to stimulate the Mucosal and Systemic • Consistency of dosage from fruit to fruit and from plant to plant is not similar.
Immunityagainst pathogen. • Selection of best plants is difficult.
• Certain foods like Potato are not eaten raw and cooking the food might
Edible vaccine when taken orally undergoes the Mastication process and the weaken the medicine present in it.
majority of plant cell degradation occur in the intestine.
EXAMPLES
The breakdown of Edible Vaccine near PP, consisting of the 30-40 Lymphoid Vaccines Vector Used Diseases/Conditions it is
Nodules on the outer surface of intestine and contain Follicles. used for
Hepatitis B Virus Tobacco, Potato, Lettuce Hepatitis B
These Follicles act as the site from which antigen penetrates the Intestinal
HIV Virus Tomato AIDS
Epithelium, thereby accumulating antigen within organized lymphoid structure .
Vibrio Cholera Potato Cholera
The antigen then comes in contact with M-cell . Norwalk Virus Tobacco, Potato Diarrhoea, Nausea, Stomach
Cramps
M-cell passes the antigen to Macrophages and B-cell. Rabies Virus Tobacco Rabies

These B-cell activates the T-cell to provide immune response .

AIM :
Whatever maybe the current situation, a day is not far off when we will be able to
In this way the Immunity is activated by the Edible Vaccine. pluck a fruit from the garden, eat it and be protected from diseases….
Making Needles Needless….