Temario Aptis Online

APTIS TRAINING MATERIAL APTIS TRAINING MATERIAL
Mock Speaking Test – 12 minutes maximum

Outline
The speaking test consists of 4 different parts.
The candidate’s responses are recorded.
A maximum of 5 marks are available for each task.
The test takes about 12 minutes.
Aptis Practice Materials Examiner reads everything from here onwards. The candidate speaks after the BEEP.
Part 1: Welcome to the Aptis speaking test. In this part I’m going to ask you three short questions
about yourself and your interest.
You will have 30 seconds to reply to each question. Begin speaking when you hear this sound (BEEP)
x Please tell me about your first school. (BEEP)

x Tell me about the last time you visited an old friend (BEEP)
x Tell me about your favourite singer. (BEEP)
Part 2: In this part I am going to ask you to describe a picture. Then I will ask you two more questions
about it. You’ll have 45 seconds for each response. Begin speaking when your hear this sound (BEEP)
Speaking Can you describe this picture in detail for me (BEEP) (45 seconds)
Mock Test
Level: A1 – C1 x Tell me about a time when you laughed a lot. (BEEP )

x Do people from different countries laugh at the same things? (BEEP)
1 2
Part 3: In this part I am going to ask you to compare two pictures and I will then ask you two
questions about them. You will have 45 seconds for each response. Begin speaking when you hear
Part 4: In this part, I am going to show you a picture and ask you 3 questions. You will have one
this sound (BEEP)
minute to think about your answers before you start speaking. You will have two minutes to answer
Describe what you see in the two pictures (BEEP) all three questions. Begin speaking when you hear this sound (BEEP)
Look at the photograph. (10 seconds to look)
x Tell me about a time when you got lost.

x How did you feel?
x What do people usually do when they get lost?
You will have one minute to think about your answers, you may make notes if you wish…
You now have 2 minutes to answer all 3 questions. (BEEP)
That’s the end of the speaking test, thank you.

x What sort of people go to each shop and why? (BEEP)
x Which kind of shop do you usually go to and why? (BEEP)
3 4
Aptis Reading
(25 Questions – 30 minutes)
Task 1
Choose one word (A, B or C) for each space and write the letter on the paper. The first one (0)
is done for you as an example with the answer A marked on your answer paper.
Aptis Practice Materials
Dear Sir,
My son, Kevin, left 0) __A__ two months ago and now he is looking for his first 1)______. The
problem is that companies always 2)____ they want people with experience, but how can he
get experience if no one gives him a job? He reads the 3)________ in the paper every day, but
Reading there is nothing for people like him. Today he’s 4)________ some gardening for our
neighbours to 5)________ a bit of money, but he needs a real job.
Mr. G Carter
Mock Test EXAMPLE 0 A school B home C me

1 A work B job C occupation
2 A say B tell C ask
3 A news B text C adverts
4 A making B having C doing
5 A earn B get C spend
Level: B1 to C1
5 6
Task 2
Task 3
Order the sentences (B-G) below to make a story. Write your answers on the answer paper
(Questions 6-11). Read the text and match each space (12-18) with one word from the box below. Write the
letters (A-K) on the Answer Sheet. The answer to question 00 is given on your answer paper as
an example (L). You will not need to find five of the words.
The first sentence of the story (A) is given for you on the answer paper as an example.
A Harland Sanders was born in the USA in 1890, but his childhood wasn’t a happy one. A Hong Kong hotel has sold individual 00 to be used as homes. It's one of the ways 12 are
B That was when he first learned to cook. trying to cope with soaring housing prices, which are among the highest in the world. The
C Over the next nine years Harland developed his secret chicken recipe that made him hotel suites are cheaper than apartments in Hong Kong. Hundreds of people 13 up for hours to
famous. buy a unit at the Apex Horizon Hotel this week. It's not clear whether investors can legally live
D Sanders continued to work for KFC as a public spokesman and visited restaurants all in the suites but buyers are still eager. The hotel was able to sell all 360 of its suites in two
over the world until he died in 1980, aged 90. days - a sign there is a 14 for affordable housing. Hong Kong's low 15 rate has
E His father died when he was four and his mother had to find a job to support the attracted hordes of mainland Chinese investors. It pushed home prices to record highs last
family, so Harland stayed at home to look after his younger brother and sister. year. Flats 16 an average of US$14,000 per square metre in central locations. Many residents
F In the 1950s he decided to close down his restaurant and sold the secret recipe to feel they can no longer 17 to buy apartments.
other businesses one of which became Kentucky Fried Chicken. Hong Kong people cope by renting makeshift homes on rooftops, while others move into so-
G He left home when he was twelve and he had a number of different jobs, including called cage homes - hutches made from wire-mesh, stacked on top of each other in a tiny
being a service station manager in Corbin, Kentucky, where he cooked for hungry room. The government's efforts to cool down 18 prices have not worked. So Hong Kong
travellers. residents have to be creative in finding space to live.
(text adapted from

http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/language/wordsinthenews/2013/02/130225_witn_hotel_home.shtml)
0) A
6)
Your answers:
7) 00 = L
A queued 12 =
8)
B interest 13 =
9) C afford 14 =
D spend 15 =
10) E residents 16 =
F investors 17 =
11)
G property 18 =
H save
I lined
J cost
(text adapted from http://www.ronford.net/ui/kfc3/townsquare/colonel/colhistory1.htm)
K demand
L rooms
7 8
2. The introduction of tomatoes to Italian cuisine in the 18th and early 19th centuries
Task 4 finally gave us the true modern Italian pizza. Even though tomatoes reached Italy by the 1530s
Read the text below. Match the headings A-H to the paragraphs 0-5 (Questions 19-23). Write it was widely thought that they were poisonous and were grown only for decoration.
your answers (A-H) on the paper. There 3 headings you don’t need. However, the innovative (and probably starving) peasants of Naples started using the
The answer to Paragraph 0 is given on the answer paper as an example (J). supposedly deadly fruit in many of their foods, including their early pizzas. Since that fateful
day when peasants first used tomatoes, the world of Italian cuisine would never be the same,
however, it took some time for the rest of society to accept this crude peasant food. Once
Your answers: members of the local aristocracy tried pizza they couldn't get enough of it, which by this time
was being sold on the streets of Naples for every meal.
A Domestic specialties for the whole country 0) I
B The current pizza varieties 19)
3. As pizza popularity increased, street vendors gave way to actual shops where people
C The reason why we can’t take it home from the supermarket 20) could order a custom pizza with many different toppings. By 1830 the "Antica Pizzeria
Port'Alba" of Naples had become the first true pizzeria and this venerable institution is still
D No pizza is complete without cheese 21) producing masterpieces. The popular pizza Margherita owes its name to Italy's Queen
Margherita who in 1889 visited the Pizzeria Brandi in Naples. The Pizzaioli (pizza maker) on
E You can be thankful for the poor 22) duty that day, created a pizza for the Queen that contained the three colours of the new
Italian flag. The red of tomato, white of the mozzarella and fresh green basil was a hit with the
F Where it comes from 23) Queen and the rest of the world. Neapolitan style pizza had now spread throughout Italy.
G Tasty for all the family

4. The Pizza Margherita may have set the standard, but there are numerous popular
H Tribute to the First Lady varieties of pizza made in Italy today. Pizza from a pizzeria is the recognized round shape,
made to order and always cooked in a wool fired oven. Regional Italian varieties are always
I Nothing compares to the original
worth trying such as Pizza Marinara, a traditional Neapolitan from the south of Italy is a pizza
that has oregano, anchovies and lots of garlic. Pizza Napoli: tomato mozzarella and anchovies.
Capricciosa: a topping of mushrooms, prosciutto, artichoke hearts, olives and a boiled egg.
0. There are not too many nations that can say their national dish has become an international Pizza Pugliese makes use of the local capers and olives of the area while Pizza Veronese from
phenomenon. Italy has two such dishes, pasta and of course pizza. In America pizza usually the north of Italy has mushrooms and tender Prosciutto crudo. Pizzas from the Italian island of
falls into two categories: thick and cheesy Chicago style or thin and traditional New York pizza. Sicily can have numerous toppings ranging from green olives, seafood, hard-boiled eggs and
In Italy pizza also falls into two distinct categories: Italian pizza and the rest of the world. It peas.
might seem silly considering the basic ingredients, but one taste of a true Italian pizza and
that's it. You will never feel the same about this simple and delicious food again. 5. One thing to keep in mind when ordering pizza in an Italian pizzeria is that the product
is personal size. Each person at a table should order their own individual pizza - one bite will
explain why. In certain areas outside Italy, there are a few Piazzioli who keep to their
1. In its basic ‘seasoned flatbread’ form, pizza has a long history in the Mediterranean. homeland traditions as best they can with the ingredients they have, but it really isn't the
Several cultures including the Greeks ate a flatbread made from flour and water. The dough same. In the end there is no going back once you try a real Italian pizza, no delivery or frozen
would be cooked by placing it on a hot stone and then seasoned with herbs. The Greeks called product will ever stimulate your taste buds the way a real Italian pizza will!
this early pizza "plankuntos" and it was basically used as an edible plate when eating stews or
thick broth. It was not yet what we would call pizza today. These early pizzas were eaten from
Rome to Egypt to Babylon and were praised by the ancient historians Herodotus and Cato the
Elder. Adapted from the article of Justin Demetri, lifeinitaly.com, TELC Angol Vizsgafeladatok)
9 10
Aptis Reading
(25 Questions – 30 minutes)
Task 1
Choose one word (A, B or C) for each gap and write the letter on your answer paper.
The first one (0) is done for you as an example. The answer A marked on your answer
paper.

Dear Sir,
When you are very ill, then you should call an __A__ . They always ask you or a friend
to 1)_________ a form when you get to the hospital. After the doctor looks at you, they
will 2)_________ the problem and how much the doctor and the hospital charges.
Don’t 3)________ to ask for a report and a receipt and ask about what you need to do
next. Then ask the receptionist to make you a(n) 4)________ for your next visit to the
Reading doctor to check that you are well again. You can see the 5)_______doctor again when
you come back to the hospital again.
Mr. F. Russell.
EXAMPLE 0 A ambulance B machine C accident

1 A write B fill in C note
2 A explain B tell C excuse
3 A mind B matter C forget
Mock Test 4 A reservation B appointment C meeting
5 A like B alike C same
11 12
Task 2 Task 3
Order the sentences (B-G) below to make a story. Write your answers on the answer Read the text and complete each gap with a word from the list at the bottom of the page.
sheet. Match each space (12-18) with one word from the box below. Write the letters (A-J) on the
(Questions 6-11). answer paper. The answer to question 00 is given on your answer paper as an example (K).
You will not need three of the words.
The first sentence of the story (A) is given for you on the answer paper as an example.
In the week of the 60th anniversary of the 00___________ time that a New Zealander and a
A Muhammad Yunus was born on 28th June 1940 in a small village in India, Nepali man 12 _________reached the top of Mt Everest, the world's 13_______________
the third of fourteen children, but 5 of those died. mountain was climbed by 80-year-old Yuichiro Miura of Japan. Science has made this
B Yunus continued giving out 'micro-loans' or small amounts of money, and in 14___________ easier. The death rate has dropped significantly in the last 20 years
1983 formed the Grameen Bank, meaning 'village bank’, to help poorer people, 15_________________to an increased understanding of how to safely climb Everest. Weather
particularly women, to start their businesses and not pay more much for
forecasting is more16 ___________and draws on satellite data to let climbers know correctly
borrowing the money.
and exactly when there is due to be a period of good weather for climbing to the top.
C After this realization he decided to help, and he lent about 17 dollars to 42
17__________________ and clothing are much better designed from new materials and this
village workers and so he began his great work.
D That was when he realized that there must be something very wrong with the allows the climbers to carry lighter oxygen tanks and use stronger and safer ropes and boots.
economics that he had been teaching at the university. 18____________________ has improved. In 1953 they used radios to talk to each other. They
E When he was young his father told all of his sons to go to university and his now use satellites and mobile phone systems. However, not everyone can climb Everest.
mother always helped the poor who came to her door.
F The bank and its ideas spread all over the world, and Yunus and the Grameen
bank jointly won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2006 for their efforts to create
economic and social development from a grassroots level. Text adapted from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/0/22341876
G As a professor at Chittagong University, he took his students to a village, where
he found a woman who had borrowed money to make a stool, and then, when Your answers:
she gave the money back, she only had one penny left for her and her family.
00) first
Text adapted from:
A because 12)
http://www.grameeninfo.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=329&Itemid=36
3 B much 13)
0) A C have 14)
D communication 15)
6) E accurate 16)
F ever 17)
7)
G highest 18)
8) H due
I expensive
9) J equipment
K first
10)
11)
13 14
Task 4 3. Of particular importance to the children is the conviction that it is most often developing
Read the text below. Match the headings A-H to the paragraphs 1-7. Write your answers (A-H) countries that are hit hardest by the consequences of climate change. The children are
on the answer paper. There is one more heading than you need. convinced that a solution for climate justice can only be reached through the implementation of
Your answers: a binding global treaty. Plant-for-the-Planet children have been campaigning tirelessly and the
A A ‘cheeky’ and fun global campaign children are also taking action themselves by planting trees. This is viewed both as a practical
act, as each tree removes harmful CO2 from the atmosphere, and as a pivotal symbolic action
B Proposals for the future of the world’s climate 19) for climate justice.
C A global youth foundation with a democratic structure 20) 4. On May 4th 2010, 45 children from Plant-for-the-Planet, together with Environmental
Ministers from Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Canada, Turkey and Mexico planted the one
D The beliefs behind the campaign 21) millionth tree in Germany. This planting initiative was held under the programme heading “Stop
Talking. Start Planting”, and took place alongside the so-called “Petersburg Climate Dialogue”
E Becoming an international cause 22) being held in Bonn. This was also the location where preparations were being made for the
climate summit in Cancun. Together with delegates and important participants in the World
F A child’s idea for the planet. 23) Climate Change Conference COP 16 in Cancun, December 2010, the children planted another
193 trees. Through this action the children were able to demonstrate to the participating
G Planning the campaign 24) representatives just how important it is that they adopt a global contract for climate justice.
H Convincing the leaders through actions at large meeting 25) 5. If the children were the government leaders, and had to face the big decisions at the next
climate summit, they would already have a clear plan of action for the future. On 1st July 2010,
the children handed over their “3-Point-Plan” to 133 embassies in Berlin. They also put forward
their challenge to the government leaders to reveal their plans and proposed solutions for the
climate crisis and subsequently the procurement of a safe future. Their plan:
1) Carbon to be shipped to the Museum: Zero emissions by 2050.
1. The children's initiative Plant-for-the-Planet, first launched in 2007, was brought to life by the 2) Climate Justice: If you want more carbon you have to pay for it.
then 9-year-old Felix Finkbeiner, who felt inspired to take action following a school report on 3) Planting Trees: If 500 Million trees were planted every year, this would mean an additional 5
the climate crisis. While carrying out his research, Felix became aware of Kenyan million tonnes of CO2 could be removed from the atmosphere.
environmental activist and Nobel Peace laureate Wangari Maathai and her initiative that had
6. The world-wide slogan for Plant-for-the-Planet is “Stop Talking. Start Planting”. The children
led to the planting of 30 million trees over 30 years. By the time he had finished his research
are adamant in their belief that talking alone does not achieve results and that now is the time
project, Felix had developed his own vision of 1 million trees being planted in each country by
for action. This slogan has been adapted into an eye-catching promotion where the children
children around the world. Felix went on to other classes and schools to present his report and
stand along side high profile community members, holding their hand over the respective
his vision. Just a few weeks later, on the 28th of March 2007, the first tree was officially
community member’s mouth and face. A number of prominent community members, such as
planted.
Prince Albert II of Monaco, Gisele Bundchen and Muhammad Yunus, have already
2. Over the next two years Felix brought the Plant-for-the-Planet initiative to the world. In June participated.
2008, at the UNEP children’s conference in Norway, Felix presented his vision. 700 children
7. Plant-for-the Planet is set up as a worldwide network. The individual clubs are represented
delegates, from over 105 countries were so inspired that they voted Felix onto the UNEP
by a world-wide board of directors. Children everywhere are able to cast their votes through the
Junior Board. Felix has since spoken at many important environmental and climatic events. In internet. The Foundation helps to fund the activities of children worldwide and the board, with
August 2009 at the UNEP Tunza Children and Youth Conference in Daejeon, South Korea, an average age of 12, is probably one of the youngest foundation boards in the world. The
Plant-for-the-Planet officially progressed into a global children’s movement. At this time tenure of a board member is one year and re-election is not allowed. Adults help the children
hundreds of children from 56 different countries committed themselves to join the initiative and with advice and practical support.
work towards planting 1 million trees in their own countries. Adapted from: http://cairoclimatetalks.net/sites/default/files/BackgroundInfo.pdf
15 16
Practice Test 1
Task 1: Fill in the form. You have 3 minutes.
ORDER MEALS ONLINE – REGISTRATION FORM

Aptis Practice Materials Username
______________________________
Date of Birth (day month year)

__________________
Day Month (write in full) Year

City / Town / Village
______________________________
[Mobile number]
Writing ______________________________
[Delivery address]
House: ____________________________
Street:____________________________
Mock Tests
State:____________________________
Level: A1 to C1
17 18
Task 2: You’ve joined the ‘ORDER MEALS ONLINE’ site. Fill in the form. Write in sentences. J. How do you feel about the recent rise in the price of pizzas? It was 20% cheaper before.
Use 20-30 words. You have 7 minutes.
You._________________________________________________________________________
MEMBER FORM _____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
Please tell us about your favourite food and time when you prefer to have your meals. _____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________ Task 4: You are a member of ‘MEALS DELIVERY ONLINE’. On your last visit to their website you
___________________________________________________________________________ saw the notice below.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________ Dear valued customers,
___________________________________________________________________________
We are sorry to inform you that from next month we have to introduce a fee for the meals’
delivery. It will constitute 10% of the meal order. We have to introduce this measure to
reduce the high costs involved in delivering the meals.
Task 3: You are a member of MEALS DELIVERY ONLINE. You’re talking to J. in the customer
chat room. Talk to J. using complete sentences. Use 30 to 40 words per answer. You have 10 If you have any comments or suggestions, please feel free to email us at
minutes. customer.service@mealsonline.com
J. Hi! I see you’re new here. I joined a year ago after I started living alone. Why did you Write an email to a friend who also uses the MEALS DELIVERY ONLINE service. Write your feelings
about the notice and suggest possible alternatives. Write about 50 words. You have 10 minutes.
join?
____________________________________________________________________________________
You._________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
J. What do you think about the service? ____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
You._________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
19 20
Now, write an email to the Customer Service Team, explaining your feelings about the notice
and suggesting possible alternatives. Write 120-150 words. You have 20 minutes. Practice Test 2
__________________________________________________________________ Task 1: Fill in the form. You have 3 minutes.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ MEMBERSHIP FORM: BOOK CLUB
__________________________________________________________________
Full name
__________________________________________________________________ ______________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ Date of Birth (day month year)
__________________________________________________________________ __________________
__________________________________________________________________
Day Month (write in full) Year
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
______________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
[How much do you spend on
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ books per year?] ______________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ [What kind of books do you
__________________________________________________________________ 1.____________________________
prefer to read?]
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ 2.____________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
3.____________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
21 22
Task 2: You are a new member of the book club. Fill in the form. Write in sentences. Use 20̺ J. What do you think about the new meeting room?
30 words. You have 7 minutes.
You._________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
Please tell us about the days and times you can come for meetings and books you
_____________________________________________________________________________
would like to discuss
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________ Task 4 : You are a member of the book club. On your last visit to the club you saw the notice
____________________________________________________________________________ below.
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________ Dear Members,
We are sorry to tell you that from next month membership fees will go up by 20%. Also, we
are starting renovation of the club meeting room and during the next month club meetings
Task 3: You are a member of the book club. You’re talking to J. in the club chat room. Talk to J.
will be held in the back room of the bookshop every Monday from 18.00 to 20.00.
using sentences. Use 30 to 40 words per answer. You have 10 minutes.
Please feel free to email us at management@bookclub.com
J. Hi! I hear you are a new member of our club. I have been a member for about 6 months
after my friend gave me a year's membership as a gift. Why did you join? Write an email to a friend. Write your feelings about the notice and suggest possible
alternatives. Write about 50 words. You have 10 minutes.
_____________________________________________________________________________
You._________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
J. How do you feel about the club? _____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
You._________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
23 24
Now, write an email to the management, explaining your feelings about the notice and
suggesting possible alternatives. Write 120-150 words. You have 20 minutes. Practice Test 3
_____________________________________________________________________________ Task 1: Fill in the form. You have 3 minutes.
_____________________________________________________________________________
CONVERSATIONAL JAPANESE COURSE – REGISTRATION FORM
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________ Full name
_____________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________ __________________
_____________________________________________________________________________ Day Month (write in full) Year
_____________________________________________________________________________ City / Town / Village
_____________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________ [First language]
_____________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________ [Reason for studying Japanese]
_____________________________________________________________________________ 1. ____________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________ 2. ____________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________ 3. ____________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
25 26
Task 2: You have started the ‘Conversational Japanese Course’. Fill in the form. Write in J. How do you feel about the fact that there are 25 people on the course now? There were
sentences. Use 20-30 words. You have 7 minutes. only 15 when I started.
NEW STUDENT FORM You._________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________
Please tell us the days and times you can come as well as topics you would like to discuss. _____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________ Task 4: You are studying Japanese in the ‘Conversational Japanese Course’. After your last
___________________________________________________________________________ lesson you saw the notice below.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________ Dear students,
We are sorry to inform you that from next month the course fee will go up by 15%. We also
have to change the time of lessons: now they will be held every Tuesday and Friday from
Task 3: You are a new student in the ‘Conversational Japanese Course’. You’re talking to J, an 14.00 to 16.00.
old student, in the chat room. Talk to J. using sentences. Use 30 to 40 words per answer. You
have 10 minutes. If you have any comments or suggestions, please feel free to email us at
studentsupport@japanese.com
J. Hi! Are you our new student? I started three months ago because I want to go to work in
Japan. Why are you studying Japanese? Write an email to a fellow-student. Write your feelings about the notice and suggest possible
alternatives. Write about 50 words. You have 10 minutes.
You._________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
J. What do you think about the course? _____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
You._________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
27 28
Now, write an email to the language school management, explaining your feelings about the
notice and suggesting possible alternatives. Write 120-150 words. You have 20 minutes.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________ English in Use
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Grammar Practice
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
29 30
Contents
MODAL VERBS MODAL VERBS
(must, have to, mustn’t, don’t have to, should, shouldn’t – for obligation and advice; must, can’t, may,
PAST MODALS might, can – for deduction; can, can’t, could, couldn’t, be able to – for ability and possibility)
(-) means no modal
AUXILIARY VERBS
RELATIVE CLAUSES 1. You ________ drink the tap water. It’s not safe.
a) shouldn’t
ZERO, FIRST AND SECOND CONDITIONAL b) mustn’t
c) can’t
FUTURE FORMS
2. We only have to be there at 1 o’clock and it’s 9 o’clock now. We ________hurry.
USED TO AND WOULD a) don’t have to
b) mustn’t
COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE c) won’t
-ING AND –ED ADJECTIVES 3. You _______ submit the report by Friday, otherwise the boss will be furious.
a) have to
SPELLING b) must
c) should
REPORTED SPEECH
4. The exhibition was free so I ___________ pay.
GERUND AND INFINITIVE
a) didn’t have to
b) mustn’t
ARTICLES
c) hadn’t to
ENOUGH – TOO MUCH
5. In schools in England pupils ________ wear a uniform.
PAST SIMPLE AND PRESENT PERFECT a) must
b) should
NARRATIVE TENSES c) have to
COUNTABLE, UNCOUNTABLE AND PLURAL NOUNS 6. I think people who live abroad _________ learn the language of the country to be able to
communicate with the locals.
a) have to
b) must
c) should
7. This meeting is not obligatory. You _______________ attend.

a) don’t must
b) don’t have to
c) don’t have
8. This dish is really spicy. It __________ have chilli in it.

a) must
b) may
c) can’t
31 32
9. Amy ______ be away. Her bag is still on her desk. 18. I ______ see much better with my new glasses.
a) may a) am able to
b) mustn’t b) can
c) can’t c) could
10. I’m not sure where he is but, he ________ be in his room. 19. I _________ help you with your homework tonight if you want.
a) might a) can
b) must b) could
c) can’t c) ‘m able to
11. He has grey hair. He _______ be older than 30. 20. I would love __________ play the piano.
a) must a) to can
b) can’t b) be able to
c) may c) to be able to
12. He ________ not remember me. We haven’t seen each other for ages.
a) may
b) can
c) does PAST MODALS
(should/shouldn’t have + past participle, can’t have + past participle, must have + past participle, might
13. He ________ be serious. He ________ be joking. have + part participle)
a) must, may (-) means no past modal
b) can’t, must
c) may, has to 1. I’m really hungry now and lunch is not until 2.00. I _________ have eaten breakfast.
a) should
14. I used to ____________ speak German very well. b) must
a) be able to c) can’t
b) be able
c) can 2. I was sure I had my umbrella with me this morning. I must _______ left it at home.
a) have
15. If I had better communicative skills, I would ______________ get a job in the media. b) –
a) can c) was
b) -
c) be able to 3. My sister’s eyes are read. She might have _______ an argument with her boyfriend.
a) have
16. When I graduate, I will __________ get a good job and support my family. b) –
a) can c) had
b) to can
c) be able to 4. Joe has been here many times. He __________ have got lost.
a) can’t
17. When I was young I _________ swim faster than anyone in my class. b) couldn’t
a) can c) mustn’t
b) able to
c) could 5. I feel really tired. I _______ ___________ up late.
a) shouldn’t have stay
b) shouldn’t stay
c) shouldn’t have stayed
33 34
6. You can’t ___________ me yesterday. I was in Paris. 4. He _________ go out on his own, did he?
a) see a) didn’t
b) saw b) hadn’t
c) have seen c) did
7. It took her more than a week but she ________ to solve the puzzle. 5. It’s really hot today, ____________?
a) could a) is it?
b) could have b) are they?
c) managed c) isn’t it?
8. You __________ have cooked. There’s plenty of food for everyone. 6. A: ‘I don’t like pop music.’
a) needn’t B: ‘Neither _____ I. ‘
b) don’t have to a) am
c) musted not b) will
c) do
9. I ___________ study law. My mother insisted on it.
a) should have 7. A: ‘I have been to Italy. ‘
b) had to B: ‘_____ have I.’
c) could a) So
b) Neither
10. You might have _______ it. There was a small earthquake this morning. c) Do
a) fallen
b) feeled 8. A: ‘ I don’t go out much these days. ‘
c) felt B: ‘Oh, I ____.’
a) am
b) do
AUXILIARY VERBS c) don’t
(-) means no auxiliary verb 9. A: ‘I wouldn’t like to be famous.’

B: ‘ Neither ___________ I. ‘
1. You are the conductor, _________ you? a) do
a) aren’t b) am
b) are c) would
c) do
10. A: ‘So you didn’t go to your sister’s birthday party?’
2. Let’s go out tonight, ___________ we? B: ‘I ____ go to the birthday party, but I left early.
a) don’t a) –
b) won’t b) had
c) shall c) did
3. He has paid for the tickets, _________ he?

a) has
b) hasn’t
c) didn’t
35 36
RELATIVE CLAUSES 10. They found the hole _____ the treasure had been buried.
a) –
(-) means no relative clause b) where
c) that
1. This is the song ___________ I was telling you about.
a) –
b) what
c) wich
ZERO, FIRST AND SECOND CONDITIONAL
2. Is this the bus _______ goes to Teluk Cempedak? (-) means no conditional
a) –
b) that
c) where 1. _________ you finish your homework, you won’t be allowed to meet your friends.
a) if
3. She told her parents that she’d passed her exam, _______ was a complete lie. b) unless
a) that c) as soon as
b) which
c) what 2. We won’t get a table, _____ we don’t book.
a) unless
4. The man _________ dog was on TV last week is my friend’s father. b) if
a) whose c) when
b) who
c) that 3. The exhibition is very popular, so book a ticket _______ you can.
a) when
5. Hungary, _______ is situated in the Carpathian basin, is famous for its baths. b) as soon as
a) that c) if
b) which
c) where 4. I’ll pay you back ___________ I get my first salary.
a) when
6. Did you hear _____ I just said? b) unless
a) that c) if
b) what
c) – 5. If I see Ahmad, I ______ tell him you are looking for him.
a) will
7. My son, _______ is very tall, wants to become a basketball player. b) –
a) which c) don’t
b) who
c) whose 6. When my mom finds out that I broke the vase, she ________ furious.
a) will
8. A hospital is a place ________ patients are treated. b) will be
a) where c) will to be
b) what
c) which 7. They won’t get married until they _______ a place to live.
a) will find
9. _____ I like best about London is the parks. b) found
a) which c) find
b) that
c) what
37 38
17. The kitchen _______ ____ bigger if we painted it white.

8. As soon as my husband finishes university, we ___________ abroad. a) would looked
a) go b) will look
b) will go c) would look
c) will to go
18. If I __________ you, I wouldn’t go near that dog. It looks scary.
9. If you ________ water to a 100 degrees, it ________. a) was
a) will heat, boils b) were
b) heat, will boil c) is
c) heat, boils
19. He would ___________ if he had the courage.
a) propose
10. If her children are still ill, Kate won’t ______________ to work next week. b) proposed
a) go c) to propose
b) be going
c) going 20. He ____________ more attractive if he _________ better care of himself.
a) would be/took
11. If plants aren’t watered, they _______. b) will be/takes
a) will die. c) was/would take
b) die.
c) will have died.
FUTURE FORMS
12. A: ‘Do you know why dad is not answering his phone?’
B: ‘If it’s three o’clock, he _________ meeting with his clients.’
a) will 1. Do you think it ________ tomorrow?
b) will be a) will snow
c) have been b) is snowing
c) snows
13. If we are lucky, we __________ found a new baby sitter by the end of the week.
a) will have 2. A: Let’s go and watch a film after work.
b) will be B: Sorry, I can’t. I ____________ squash with Tom.
c) – a) ‘m playing
b) ‘ll play
14. It __________ be better for me if you came to my place. c) going to play
a) would
b) will 3. A: Is a whale a fish or a mammal?
c) to B: Ask John. He ________ the answer.
a) ‘s knowing
15. If I ________ live anywhere in the world, I would live in America. b) ‘ll know
a) can c) will to know
b) could
c) to 4. I think I _____________ a new computer. This one is too slow.
a) ‘m buying
16. If I _________ an old dog, I would get a kitten. b) ‘ll buy
a) didn’t have c) ‘ll be buying
b) had
c) had not 5. I ___________ tomorrow. We can go to the hairdresser’s if you like.
a) ‘m not working
39 40
b) won’t work c) have saved

c) don’t work
15. By the end of 2013 everyone _________ finished the course.
6. I __________ my teeth checked tomorrow, so I might be late for the meeting. a) will have been
a) having b) will be
b) ‘m having c) will have
c) ‘ll have
7. I ___________ my old car. My neighbor wants it for her daughter. USED TO AND WOULD
a) ‘m selling
b) ‘m going sell
c) ‘ll sell 1. When I was a little girl I ____________live in Madrid.
A am used to
8. A: Do you want me to give you a lift? B used to
B: No thanks, I think I __________ for a change. C would
a) ‘ll be walking
b) ‘m walking 2. In the summer they ____________walk along the beach and then have a swim.
c) ‘ll walk A would
B used to
9. Tom ________ forty next week. C are used to
a) will be
b) is going to be 3. Don't worry, I ____________living with noisy children.
c) is being A am used to
B used to
10. The phone is ringing. _________ I answer it? C was in the use of
a) will
b) may 4. What________do during your Christmas holidays?
c) shall A are you in use to
B were you used to
11. The plane takes off at 8.00 am and it lands at 6.00 pm. Julie ____________ to London at 10.00 C did you use to
pm.
a) will be flying 5. We _____________anything special. Just the usual things.
b) will fly A haven't used to do
c) is going to fly B didn't use to do
C were not used to do
12. The last train leaves at 2.30 pm. By 3.00 pm the last train ______________ left.
a) will be 6. When she lived in Asia, she____________very little.
b) will have A got used to eating
c) have B was using to eat
C used to eat
13. This time tomorrow I ________________ going home.
a) will 7. How ______________to school before you had a bike?
b) will be A got you used to
c) will have been B did you use to get
C were you getting
14. I have a savings account. By the end of the year I will _________ RM 2000.
a) have safe
b) be saved
41 42
8. 'I ___________this kind of food. I prefer something more traditional.' 6. Could we have dinner a bit __________ tonight?
A don't use to eat a) early
B am not used to eating b) earlier
C didn't use to eat. c) earlyer
9. As a schoolboy, I_______________get late to class. 7. I don’t visit my parents _______ often as I did before.
A wasn't used to a) as
B would never b) than
C never used to c) more
10. Late at night, we ________sit by the fire and tell stories. 8. It’s the_________ film I’ve ever seen.
A used to a) best
B would b) most best
C were used to c) bestest
9. His not as _______ as he thinks he is.

COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE a) cleverer
b) more clever
c) clever
1. I am ________ than my brother.
a) taller 10. She looks much __________ with brown hair.
b) the tallest a) good
c) more taller b) the better
c) better
2. She is ________ student in her class.
a) younger than
b) the younger
c) the youngest
-ING AND –ED ADJECTIVES
3. Her brother is about 25 and she is a year younger than ___________.

a) he 1. A lot of people are ______________ by the idea of travelling to exotic countries.
b) him a) exciting
c) his b) excited
4. Diane’s car is the _________ as mine. 2. I bet celebrities find media attention ____________.
a) as big a) flattering
b) bigger b) flattered
c) same
3. I think skydiving is ___________.
5. The hotel was _________ from the city centre than we expected. a) frightening
a) farer b) frightened
b) more far
c) further 4. Please stop fidgeting. It’s ________
a) irritating
b) irritated
43 44
5. When I didn’t know the answer to the question I was really ____________ with myself. 4. “Can you bring me the bill, please?”
a) annoying He asked the waiter _______ he could bring him the bill.
b) annoyed a) -
b) can
6. I found the explanation rather __________. c) if
a) confusing
b) confused 5. “Switch off your phones.”
The teacher told us _____________.
7. I’ve been unemployed for 5 years and now my wife has left me too. I’m so __________. a) to switch off your phones
a) depressing b) switched off your phones
b) depressed c) to switch off our phones.
8. I just don’t understand how someone can be __________ in geology. 6. “I’ll call the manager.”
a) interested He said he ______ call the manager.
b) interesting a) will
b) would
9. The Friday morning lectures are usually quite _________. c) to
a) boring
b) bored 7. “I’ve stopped eating meat.”
She said she ___________ stopped eating meat.
a) –
REPORTED SPEECH b) have
c) had
(-) means no reported speech
8. “What music do you like?”
1. “I have something to tell you.” He asked her _____________________
He told me _________ something to tell __________. a) what music do you like.
a) he had/me b) what music she liked
b) I had/you c) what music you like
c) he had/him
9. “Do you want to come over?”
2. “Don’t wait for us.” John asked Mary ____________________.
Our friends told us ____________. a) do you want to come over?
a) don’t wait b) does she want to come over?
b) didn’t wait c) if she wanted to come over.
c) not to wait
10. “I went to see my mum yesterday.”
3. “Don’t talk while you eat.” John said _______ went to see his mum ___________.
My mother told me not to talk while ________ eat. a) he/yesterday
a) you b) I/the day before
b) he c) he/the day before
c) I
45 46
GERUND AND INFINITIVE 9. Be careful __________ leave the door open when you go home.
a) not to leave
b) not
1. _______ is banned in restaurants in Europe. c) don’t
a) To smoke
b) Smoking 10. Ala decided ________ Sentha.
c) Smoke a) to marry
b) marry
2. ‘Why are you studying Malay?’ c) marrying
‘___________ to talk to people in small villages.’
a) To be able
b) Being able
ARTICLES
c) To can (-) means no article
3. I’m terrible at ___________ puzzles. 1. We went to _____ cinema ______ last night.
a) solving a) the/the
b) to solve b) -/-
c) solve c) the/-
4. Are you afraid of __________? 2. Do you like _____ music?

a) fly a) the
b) flying b) a
c) to fly c) –
5. I called my mum ______ her that I’ll be late. 3. We walked to _____ city centre, but we took ______taxi back to the hotel.
a) tell a) a/a
b) to tell b) the/-
c) telling c) the/a
6. I used _________ in Spain before I moved to Malaysia. 4. My aunt never wears ______ second-hand clothes.
a) work a) the
b) working b) a
c) to work c) –
7. Everybody carried on _________ until after midnight. 5. The date of the meeting has been moved forward to ______ next Tuesday.
a) sing a) a
b) to sing b) the
c) singing c) –
8. It’s not too difficult _________ my house. It’s right next to the post office. 6. My brother is ___________ photographer.
a) to find a) a
b) finding b) the
c) find c) –
47 48
7. What ______ beautiful day!

a) a 6. How many children do you have?
b) the ________.
c) – a) Any.
b) None.
8. We usually have ______ dinner at 8.00. c) A lot of.
a) the
b) a 7. I think I made __________ mistakes in the letter.
c) – a) much
b) few
9. Who is ______ girl by the door? c) a few
a) a
b) – 8. There’s no need to hurry. We have ___________ time.
c) the a) plenty
b) plenty of
10. _______ Lake Balaton is not in Turkey. c) no
a) the
b) a 9. He isn’t old _______ to understand.
c) – a) enough
b) too many
ENOUGH – TOO MUCH c) much
10. We have ___________ work.

1. Let’s go somewhere else. There are ____________ people here. a) much too
a) too many b) too many
b) too much c) too much
c) enough
2. He used to be a lonely kid. He had ___________ friends.

a) much
PAST SIMPLE AND PRESENT PERFECT
b) little (-) means no past simple or present perfect
c) few
1. ‘How long _________ at university?’
3. We’ve had _________ rain recently. ‘I started two years ago and I’m in my third year now.’
a) a lots of a) have you been
b) a lot of b) were you
c) few c) you have been
4. There __________ enough flowers in the garden. 2. What year _________ London?
a) aren’t a) did you leave
b) don’t b) you left
c) isn’t c) have you left
5. My father is a pensioner so he has _________ free time. 3. I __________ a girl like you.
a) much a) have never seen
b) many b) never have seen
c) a lot of c) never saw
49 50
4. We haven’t seen each other _______ we left school.

a) for 3. Amy was late for work because there __________ a traffic jam on the way to work.
b) since a) was
c) never b) has been
c) had been
5. Have you ever _________ that your students love you?
a) feel 4. My mum called the firemen because someone _________ the rubbish bin on fire.
b) felt a) had set
c) fell b) had setted
c) have set
6. I don’t see my best friend very often but I’ve known her _________ 12 years.
a) for 5. The roads were slippery. It had _________ snowing all morning.
b) since a) –
c) – b) be
c) been
7. I __________ a car last week.
a) ‘ve rent 6. My sister had to cancel her ski trip because she _____________ her arm the day before.
b) rented a) broke
c) ‘ve rented b) had broke
c) had broken
8. She _______ never been to America.
a) has 7. My whole family got sunburnt because they _____________ put on any sun cream.
b) have a) didn’t
c) was b) weren’t
c) haven’t
9. They _________ in that house since their son was born.
a) live 8. I almost didn’t recognize him. He _________ a lot since I last ________ him.
b) lived a) changed/saw
c) have lived b) had changed/ saw
c) changed/had seen
10. I have been a member of the Rotary Club since __________.
a) a year 9. They _______________ a very large house in Langkawi.
b) my last birthday a) had recently bought
c) a long time b) had been buying
c) have recently bought
NARRATIVE TENSES 10. When the tests were done, the doctors __________ back to the patient.
a) hurried
b) hurry
1. My eyes were hurting. I __________ staring at the computer screen for hours. c) had hurried
a) had been
b) have been
c) been
2. His English is very good. He _____________ lessons since he was five.

a) has taken
b) has been taking
c) had been taking
51 52
COUNTABLE, UNCOUNTABLE AND PLURAL NOUNS
1. The accommodation ___________ satisfactory.

a) isn’t
b) aren’t
2. The news ______ brought to you by CNN.

a) is
b) are
3. My friend’s got lovely _________ in her house.

a) furniture
b) furnitures
4. I can always count on my friend to give me a useful

a) advice
b) advices
c) piece of advice
5. ________ has arrested two suspects.

a) The police
English in Use
b) A police
c) Police
6. Teachers are not allowed to wear ________ to work.

a) a jeans
b) jeans
c) a pair of jean
7. Your glasses _______ dirty. Can you see anything?

Vocabulary Mock Tests
a) are
b) is
c) have
8. The ____________ very difficult last night.

a) homeworks were
b) homework was
c) home work was
9. Athletics _____ my favourite sport.

a) is
b) are
10. I’ve got _________ good news about the online component.
a) a
b) the
c) some
53 54
Task 4
Write the letter on the right (A-J) that is most often used with a word on the left (16-20) (e.g. bus +
Aptis Vocabulary 1 stop= bus stop). Use each word once only. You will not need five of the words (A-J).
(25 questions – 13 minutes)
A. a mistake
16. completely
B. suggest
17. steady
C. amazed
Task 1 18. make
D. play
19. unacceptable
Finish each definition (1-5) using answers from the list (A-K). Use each answer once only. You will not E. determination
20. strongly
need five of the answers (A-J). The answer to Question 0 is given on your answer paper as an example. F. smile
G. useless
A. grow H. progress
0. To argue is to __K.___
B. control I. behaviour
1. To check is to _______
C. increase J. tenure
2. To restrict is to ______
D. cut Task 5
3. To ban is to _________
E. permit
4. To boost is to _______ Write the letter on the right (A-J) that is most often used with a word on the left (21-25) (e.g. bus +
F. improve
5. To allow is to _______ stop= bus stop). Use each word once only. You will not need five of the words (A-J).
G. examine
H. limit
21. unanimous A. winds
I. prohibit
22. horrible B. decision
J. deteriorate
23. unfortunate C. range
K. disagree
Task 2 24. pungent D. taste
25. gale-force E. smell
Finish each sentence (6-10) using the word from the list (A-J) Use each word once only. You will not
need five of the words (A-J). F. rain
G. situation
A. court
6. I’ve got a terrible _________ in my shoulder. H. developed
B. bruise
7. That shirt really ________ you. It makes you look 10 years younger. I. maintain
C. matches
8. This piece of _________ will change the way we think about dinosaurs. J. bag
D. suits
9. You can’t believe anything you read in the newspaper. It’s very ______. E. research
10. The criminal was charged guilty by the _______. F. accurate
G. throb Aptis Vocabulary 2
H. biased (25 questions – 13 minutes)
I. ache
J. sentence
Task 3 Task 1
Mark the letter on the right (A-J) that has the most similar meaning to the word on the left (11-15) (e.g. Finish each definition (1-5) using answers from the list (A-K). Use each answer once. You will not need
home=house). Use each word once only. You will not need five of the words (A-K). five of the answers (A-J). The answer to Question 0 is given on your answer paper as an example (K).
A. grow
11. generic A. meager 0. To argue is to __K.___
B. control
12. provisional B. resolve 1. To decline is to _______
C. increase
13. envision C. manage 2. To ban is to ______
D. cut
14. supervise D. temporary 3. To expand is to _________
E. permit
15. impose E. permanent 4. To regulate is to _______
F. improve
F. general 5. To raise is to _______
G. examine
G. churn
H. limit
H. visualise
I. prohibit
I. demoralise
J. deteriorate
J. enforce
55 56 K. disagree
Task 2 Task 5
Finish each sentence (6-10) using the word from the list (A-J) Use each word once only. You will not Write the letter on the right (A-J) that is most often used with a word on the left (21-25) (e.g. bus +
need five of the words (A-J). stop= bus stop). Use each word once only. You will not need five of the words (A-J).
A. heart
6. You need to learn the new vocabulary by ________. B. physicist 21. accept A. exercise
7. Don’t ________ your voice. I hate it when people shout. C. matches 22. completely B. responsibility
8. That’s a very deep cut. I think you’ll need __________. D. geologist 23. vigorous C. frame
9. Their business made a huge ________ last year. E. stitches 24. throw D. guilt
10. A _______ is someone who studies rocks. F. accurate 25. hardly E. a party
G. pain F. a fire
H. scan G. shake
I. raise H. to blame
J. profit I. useless
J. see
Task 3 Aptis Vocabulary 3

Mark the letter on the right (A-J) that has the most similar meaning to the word on the left (11-15) (e.g. (25 questions – 13 minutes)
home=house). Use each word once only. You will not need five of the words (A-J).
11. beneficial A. destroy Task 1

12. ruin B. insane Finish each definition (1-5) using answers from the list (A-K). Use each answer once. You will not need
13. weary C. try five of the answers (A-J). The answer to Question 0 is given on your answer paper as an example (K).
14. diligent D. hide
E. helpful A. grow
15. attempt 0. To argue is to __K.___
F. tired B. convince
1. To persuade is to _______
G. hardworking C. leave
2. To grumble is to ______
H. visualize D. think
3. To examine is to _________
I. comprehend E. inspect
4. To ponder is to _______
J. burden F. complain
5. To aid is to _______
G. examine
H. help
Task 4 I. fix
J. deteriorate
Write the letter on the right (A-J) that is most often used with a word on the left (16-20) (e.g. bus + Task 2 K. disagree
stop= bus stop). Use each word once only. You will not need five of the words (A-J).
Finish each sentence (6-10) using the word from the list (A-J) Use each word once only. You will not
A. from need five of the words (A-J).
16. small-town
B. suggest A. approve
17. keep
C. off 6. Uranium, named after the planet Uranus, is a heavy, radioactive B. mainly
18. shake
D. mentality metal used ________ in producing nuclear energy. C. consent
19. suffer 7. Whether you are in love with her or not, I will never_____ to this
E. determination D. indistinctly
20. lead marriage.
F. smile E. welfare
G. useless 8. Until she got married to a rich man she had been living F. quick
H. awake in ___________.
G. aggressive
9. The police officer confessed that shooting the burglar was a(n)
I. hands H. poverty
________ decision and he regretted that.
J. singer 10. I don't expect him to change his mind because I know he is I. stubborn
very _________. J. dramatically
57 58
Task 3
Mark the letter on the right (A-J) that has the most similar meaning to the word on the left (11-15)
(e.g. home=house). Use each word once only. You will not need five of the words (A-J).
A. give
11. To desire is to _______ B. teach
12. To descend is to ______ C. want
13. To let is to _________ D. allow
14. To guard is to _______ E. go down
15. To mention is to _______ F. protect
G. help
H. speak about
I. say yes
J. forget
Task 4
A. kicks
16. Our teacher is a(n) ____ person, so she easily captivates the B. dynamic
interest and attention of the students while she is teaching. C. dishonest
17. My father gets angry with us whenever we make a mistake. D. leeway
He has no _________ for mistakes, E. obedient Practice test
18. Teachers like ________students who never break their rules.
F. tolerance
19. Palms, growing in hot climates, are one of the most well-known
and _______ planted tree families.
G. wide
20. We were informed that anyone who ________ the rules will be H. disobedient
severely punished. I. widely
J. breaks
Task 5
21. provide A. issues

22. wide B. a service
23. social C. range
24. rise D. made
25. well E. sharply
F. increasingly
G. well
H. developed
I. maintain
J. suspect
59 60
GRAMMAR 1. He really _________ to clear up the mess 8. He ________ be sick. I just saw him at the
he’s made himself. Why are you doing it? gym.
(25 questions – 12 minutes) A) must A) must
B) had B) mustn’t
1. Would you mind if I _____ here? C) ought C) can’t
A) sat
B) would 7. A: ‘Where are you off to?’
C) be B: ‘We’re going for a coffee ______ 2. There’s very ________ we can do about it, 9. They offered to repair the damage, but I
the film’s been cancelled.’ I’m afraid. said ______.
A) few A) none
2. A: ‘Can you help me with this?’ A) before B) little B) not
B: ‘________. What do you want me to B) after C) much C) no
do?’ C) since
A) Certain 3. I play ____ guitar in my free time. 10. He’s not the most __________ person
B) Sure A) the you’ll ever meet.
C) Agreed B) with A) interesting
C) a B) interest
C) interested
3. The children were playing in the garden
when suddenly it __________ to rain. 4. A: ‘We saw a fantastic film last night,
A) was starting _________ we, Mark?’ 11. Now that he’s gone, I can’t imagine life
B) had started B: ‘Yes. It was great!’ ________ him.
C) started
A) weren’t A) excluding
B) didn’t B) without
4. A: ’I brought you a present to say thank C) couldn’t C) excepting
you.’
B: ‘Oh, you shouldn’t _________!’
5. I grew up in a small town ________ is 12. I’m a bit busy over the ________ week.
A) have about 20 miles from London. Can we postpone it?
B) do A) which A) future
C) bring B) where B) coming
C) it C) near
5. If it weren’t ____ the quick arrival of the

ambulance, he would have died. 6. I can’t stand ________ in queues. 13. I see your point. ___________, I still
A) about A) to wait disagree.
B) for B) waiting A) therefore
C) until C) wait B) moreover
C) nevertheless
6. A: ‘Where can I get bread at this hour?’ 7. If it _______ tomorrow, we’ll cancel the
B: ‘You ____________ try the shop on party.
the corner.’ A) rains
B) will rain
A) could C) rained
B) must
C) will
61 62
14. I feel so much better! It’s amazing ______ 17. I’d like to open ______ bank account, Task 2
a short holiday can do. please. A. distress
Finish each sentence (6-10) using the word from the list (A-J) Use each word once
A) that A) the B. accounts
B) what B) a only. You will not need five of the words (A-J).
C. ends
C) which C) my D. teams
E. only
6. We’ve joined _________ with another company to improve our services. F. distant
15. I remember ________ the money, I just 18. A: “Oh, I don’t believe it. My mobile G. forces
don’t remember what I did with it. phone’s broken again.” H. far
7. This message is from a ___________ relative of mine in Germany.
A) receiving B: “Why can’t you ______ take it back to I. vain
B) to receive the shop?” 8. There’s no point waiting in ____________ for him to call. J. aging
C) received
A) just 9. People say that __________ children are more introverted by nature.
B) even
16. We can both drive, but _________ of us C) really 10. When I lost my job I found it difficult to make ___________ meet.
enjoys it.
A) one
B) neither
C) none
Task 3
Mark the letter on the right (A-J) that has the most similar meaning to the K. reduced
Vocabulary word on the left (11-15) (e.g. home=house). Use each word once only. You will L. result
not need five of the words (A-K). M. containing
(25 questions – 13 minutes) N. supervising
O. claim
P. displayed
Task 1 11. essential _____ Q. vital
Finish each definition (1-5) using answers from the list (A-K). Use each R. use
answer once only. You will not need five of the answers (A-K). The answer to A. remove 12. benefit _____ S. qualification
B. kneel T. optimum
Question 0 is given as an example.
C. decline 13. discounted _____
D. inject
E. grasp 14. including _____
0. To climb is to G F. claim
G. ascend 15. certificate _____
1. To grab is to _______ H. obtain
I. plead
2. To determine is to ______ J. establish
K. guess
3. To extract is to _________
4. To estimate is to _______
5. To refuse is to _______
63 64
APTIS TRAINING MATERIAL
Task 4 READING MOCK TEST 1

Write the letter on the right (A-J) that is most often used with a word on the A. a saying
B. graduates
TASK 1
left (16-20) (e.g. bus + stop= bus stop). Use each word once only. You will not
need five of the words (A-J). C. voice
D. information 1)B 2)A 3)C 4)C 5)A
E. a complaint
F. results TASK 2
16. take _____ G. advantage
H. adults 6)E 7)G 8)B 9)C 10)F 11)D
17. further _____ I. secrets
J. concern TASK 3
18. fellow _____
19. express _____ 12)E 13)I 14)K 15)B 16)J 17)C 18)G
20. register _____ TASK4
19)F 20)E 21)H 22)B 23)C
Task 5
Write the letter on the right (A-J) that is most often used with a word on the A. pace
left (21-25) (e.g. bus + stop= bus stop). Use each word once only. You will not B. mind
READING MOCK TEST 2
need five of the words (A-J). C. criticism
D. fears TASK 1
E. whisper
F. sickness 1)B 2)A 3)C 4)B 5)C
21. smug _____ G. grin
H. height TASK 2
22. contagious _____ I. excuse
J. disease 6)E 7)G 8)D 9)C 10)B 11)F
23. brisk _____
24. harsh _____ TASK 3
25. lame _____ 12)F 13)G 14)B 15)H 16)E 17)J 18)D
TASK4
19)F 20)E 21)D 22)H 23)B 24)A 25)C
65
GRAMMAR PRACTICE REPORTED SPEECH
MODAL VERBS 1) A 2) C 3) C 4) C 5) C 6) B 7) C 8) B 9) C 10) C
1) A 2) A 3) A 4) A 5) C 6) C 7) B 8) A 9) C 10) A 11) A 12) A GERUND AND INFINITIVE

13) B 14) A 15) B 16) C 17) C 18) B 19) A 20) C
1) B 2) A 3) A 4) B 5) B 6) C 7) C 8) A 9) A 10) A
PAST MODALS
ARTICLES
1) A 2) A 3) C 4) A 5) C 6) C 7) C 8) B 9) B 10) C
1) C 2) C 3) C 4) C 5) C 6) A 7) A 8) C 9) C 10) C
AUXILIARY VERBS
ENOUGH – TOO MUCH
1) A 2) B 3) B 4) A 5) C 6) C 7) A 8) B 9) C 10) C
1) A 2) C 3) B 4) A 5) A 6) A 7) C 8) B 9) A 10) C
RELATIVE CLAUSES
PAST SIMPLE AND PRESENT PERFECT
1) A 2) B 3) A 4) A 5) B 6) B 7) B 8) A 9) C 10) B
1) A 2) A 3) A 4) B 5) B 6) A 7) B 8) A 9) C 10) B
ZERO, FIRST AND SECOND CONDITIONAL
NARRATIVE TENSES
1) B 2) B 3) B 4) A 5) A 6) B 7) C 8) B 9) C 10) A 11) B 12) B
1) B 2) B 3) C 4) A 5) C 6) A 7) A 8) B 9) C 10) A
13) A 14) A 15) B 16) A 17) C 18) B 19) A 20) A
COUNTABLE, UNCOUNTABLE AND PLURAL NOUNS
FUTURE FORMS
1) A 2) B 3) A 4) C 5) B 6) B 7) A 8) B 9) A 10) C
1) A 2) A 3) B 4) B 5) A 6) B 7) A 8) C 9) A 10) C 11) A 12) B
13) B 14) C 15) C
USED TO AND WOULD
1) B 2) B 3) A 4) A 5) B 6) C 7) B 8) B 9) C 10) A
COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE
1) A 2) C 3) B 4) C 5) C 6) B 7) A 8) A 9) C 10) C
-ING AND –ED ADJECTIVES
1) B 2) A 3) A 4) A 5) B 6) A 7) B 8) A 9) A
Practice Test
Answers Grammar
Aptis Vocabulary 1 1. A 6. A 11. B 16. C 21. B
2. B 7. C 12. A 17. A 22. A
TASK ONE TASK TWO TASK THREE TASK FOUR TASK FIVE 3. C 8. C 13. B 18. B 23. B
1. G 6. I 11. F 16. C 21. B 4. A 9. B 14. A 19. B 24. B
2. H 7. D 12. D 17. H 22. E 5. B 10. A 15. C 20. C 25. A
3. I 8. E 13. H 18. A 23. G
4. C 9. H 14. C 19. I 24. E
5. E 10. A 15. J 20. B 25. A
Vocabulary
1. E 6. G 11. Q 16. G 21. G
Aptis Vocabulary 2 2. J 7. F 12. R 17. D 22. J
3. A 8. I 13. K 18. B 23. A
4. K 9. E 14. M 19. J 24. C
TASK ONE TASK TWO TASK THREE TASK FOUR TASK FIVE
5. C 10. C 15. S 20. E 25. I
1. J 6. A 11. E 16. D 21. B
2. H 7. I 12. A 17. C 22. I
3. C 8. E 13. F 18. I 23. G
4. B 9. J 14. G 19. A 24. E
5. A 10. D 15. C 20. J 25. J
Aptis Vocabulary 3
TASK ONE TASK TWO TASK THREE TASK FOUR TASK FIVE
1. B 6. B 11. C 16. B 21. B
2. F 7. A 12. E 17. F 22. C
3. E 8. H 13. D 18. E 23. A
4. D 9. F 14. F 19. I 24. E
5. H
10. I 15. H 20. J 25. I
14 15
Examples of some questions might include:
A Complete Guide To The 1. Please tell me about your family

2. Please tell me about your hobbies.
Aptis Speaking Exam Parts 3. Please tell me about your work or studies.
4. Please tell me about your favorite food.
5. What do you like doing in your free time?
6. What is the weather like today?
7. What is your typical day like?
8. What is the food like in your country?
9. What is your village/ town/ city like?
10. How do you like to spend your holidays and vacations?
Best Practices:
If you feel nervous: begin by repeating/ reading the question. ” What is your village,town or city like? It is …….
If you need time to think, say: Let me see… or Hmm.. I would probably say..
Always use a stopwatch or ,mobile phone to time your answers.
Try developing a structure to answer these types of questions: This will help if you are struggling to fill up the time.
: Your focus should be on improving your vocabulary and reduce repetition, pauses, and nervousness.
[toc]
Part 1– Personal Information (Giving personal Example of a typical answer:

Topic: INTERESTS AND LEISURE TIME
Information): Please tell me about your hobbies and interest? (30 seconds)
You will be given 3 questions and you will need to speak for 30 seconds for each I enjoy reading books in my free time. I especially enjoy non-fiction books. I’m
question. also interested in politics. I love watching debates on TV and trying to mimic the
Here are some examples of questions you might see in part 1 of the speakers. I love (verb + ing) listening to K-pop music. I make time to play with
my kids on the weekend, and when I can, I usually watch TV, in particular, the
news. When I have the chance I make my own t-shirts and clothes on my old
sewing machine. One of my other interests is camping . I prefer outdoor
activities and spend a lot of time gardening. I’m growing cucumbers this year.
exam. Example of a speaking structure:
These questions should be easy to answer. Just relax used this as an opportunity to get
used to talking to a computer!
In my free time I like______________.
Topics: Family, My Job, Weather, Likes and Dislikes, Daily Routine,Interest and
Leisure,Holidays and Travel, Future Plans, Books, Films, Food, Health and
Fitness, Media, Learning.
It is______________, because____________. making a toast.
I also like to____________, and___________. I can see many skyscrapers in the background.
I think is fun_________, because_________.
(Conclusion)That’s why free time is important to me SPECULATE
This is a busy, bustling city. It must be New York.
Expanding on a topic. She looks very sad. Perhaps no one remembered it was her own birthday.
When I am________________ , I feel___________.
I suppose it’s a holiday.
I wish I could ______________ all day, and I even forget about everything else.
I enjoy doing____________ with my friend (friends), because ________________. They all look very happy. The woman on the left is wearing skiing gear. They might be getting
______________________________________________________________
ready to go on vacation.
_____________________________________________________________ The man is wearing a tailored suit and a top hat. He must be Japanese because of the flag on his
briefcase. The woman behind him looks friendly.

Part 2- Giving a Basic Description of picture
/Opinion/ Comparing with own situation They are all wearing formal clothes. They might be getting ready for a wedding.
There are 3 task in part 2 of the Aptis speaking exam: 1. Describe the picture. (You
The girl in the middle seems to be excited. She must be getting ready for a fun adventure..
have to speak for 45 seconds ) 2.Giving an opinion. (You have to speak for 45 seconds
)3. Comparing with own situation/experiences. (You have to speak for 45 seconds)
He must be the child’s father.
Question 1: Describing the picture.
DESCRIBE , SPECULATE , and REACT. She could be his grandmother.
DESCRIBE THE PICTURE:

They seem to be really relaxed.
Who do you see? Where are they? What are they doing? What do they look like? How do you think She looks very sad.
they feel? What’s in the background?(if applicable) What’s the weather like?(if applicable)
She looks surprised. Perhaps she’s meeting and old friend.
It’s best to give a general impression or description rather than separate details. And if you have time
I get the impression he is hurt because he is holding his head.
give short details about separate details of the picture.
It’s not clear whether it’s a competition or not.
Example:
This is a picture of a busy neighborhood.

REACT
There are five people in the picture. I think they are at a family event. The man on the right is
I like this photo. It reminds me of my family.This photo makes me think of my own mother and
the time we celebrated her winning an award.

Spatial language (Where in the picture you are talking about)
I would love to try this. In fact, I’m going to try it this weekend.
In the foreground / background…
I like this picture, though I’m afraid of dogs and I am not keen on being around animals.
Next to / Behind/ in front of… this, there is/ are…
Useful structures and vocabulary for describing a photograph Paraphrasing (explaining a word that you can’t remember)
It’s a thing that you use for…(making pancakes/ flipping eggs over in the pan)
Beginning you description
It’s similar to a …
This is a picture of………..
It looks like some kind of..

It shows………… key features)
Key tenses & structures

Question Two : Opinion
Present continuous: He’s riding a bicycle. They’re running under a bridge.
To do this we usually use adverbial phrases at the start of the sentence.
There is/are + object + verb +ing: Here are some phrases/structure to use when giving an opinion.
Expressing your opinion

There’s a boy riding a bike. There are several people having dinner here.
I think that…
Speculating (making guesses) Personally…
It looks as if… + a sentence (he/she/ it +is+ ing / they are + ing / there is/ are … etc.) Surprisingly…
(He /She/ It looks …. or / They look like…) + a noun And after expressing your opinions, here are some ways that you can justify them:
(He/ She/ It looks …. or / They look…)+ an adjective. Justifying you opinion
I think..( he’s / she’s/ they’re probably)… (Verb + ing) because.. (+subject verb)
(He/She/ it/ they) might be… or/ must be… as…(+subject verb)
since… (+subject verb)
Part 3 (Describe Compare & Contrast)
because of… (+noun phrase) Speculate and Choose.
due to….(+noun phrase)
3 questions. 45 seconds each.
Question One: Describe (Expressions from Part Two) , compare and
as a result of…. (+noun phrase) contrast. Question Two: Speculate about these two situations/pictures Question
Three: Choose one of the images or situations
Question Three: Comparison with your own situation.

Question 1
Describing two pictures: In the first picture, I can see… / In the other picture, there are/is…../
I would definitely choose picture one as I like…….. Looking at the (fist/second) picture I can see…/ Which may show…/ (They/He/She/) may be
(verb+ing)..
I guess my first choice would be picture two.
For me, the most important thing is to ………… Structures and vocabulary for comparing and contrasting two photographs
I don’t think it really matters where you go as long as ………… Things in common: Both pictures show/have / I think they both are (in/on/of..) / There
is/are(_____) in both pictures… /Similarly in the second picture, the first picture has…
Personally, I would prefer …………
Contrasting the pictures: There are several differences. / In the top picture is(____) whereas, in the
Of course, the good thing about living in the city is that there are tons of facilities and
bottom picture.. /In the picture on the right whereas , the picture on the left../ The picture of(___)is…
entertainment. On the other hand, life in the country is much less stressful.
/ It looks like../ However, the picture of(___) looks like…/ They look like..
I wouldn’t mind being on a beautiful island like that, but on the other hand, I think I would be
Highlighting differences: The main difference between the pictures is…. / The main focus of the
bored to death after a couple of days there.
(first/top/L/R))picture is (_____)whereas.. /After looking at these images , the biggest difference is
If I had to choose one of these places, I would definitely go for the one in the picture at the bottom.
….
Adding ideas: In addition… / What’s more…. / One more thing…
&nbsp
______________________________________________________________ Example Answer:
______________________________________________________________ Both pictures show people at work. There are computers in both pictures. However, there are
several important differences. In the top picture or the picture on the (L/R) the man looks quite
stressed. I think she is probably a manager or a boss, whereas, in the bottom picture the man looks Giving a conclusion: So in conclusion, I would say… / So it has to be a balance…/It all depends on…
very relaxed. He probably works as an Artist or in a museum . The woman might be preparing for
a deal or a stressful decision. However, the picture of the man looks like and nice peaceful
environment, but the woman looks like her workplace is a crowded stressful place to work……….. ___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Question 2
Structures and vocabulary for speculating and choosing Part 4: Discussion of Personal Abstract Ideas.
In part 4 you will see an image, but the trick is that you will not be asked to describe
this picture. The picture is only used as a visual clue to help you draw upon your own
Speculating :
experiences. You will have one minute to prepare and two minutes to respond
I imagine it would be….(adjective)/ I would find it… (adjective) / It might be nice to.. / I could see In part 4 you will be shown an image, and presented with three points to discuss. You
will have one minute to prepare, and you can make notes. Look at the example below
myself…./ Perhaps it would be / I suppose … /I guess it would be nice to.. and the notes that someone has made.
Question 1: Personal Experiences/ Recall: Tell me about a time…
Question 3 Question 2: Emotional Response/Feelings/Opinion: How did you feel about …./
How does this____ make you feel / Explain why you…….
Choosing one image / situation : I would choose the top/ bottom situation/ image because…/ I
Question 3: Speculation/ Opinion: Why do you think…
think I’d prefer to… (verb) because… / I think I’d prefer to (verb) because….. /I would definitely
Example Question:
choose to…. / It would probably be better to… because…./ I doubt I would like to _____in picture
Tell me about a personal achievement or award you have received.
(1/2) but I would prefer to)_____in picture (1/2)/ In my opinion (1/2) would be better. because..
How did you feel about this achievement?
Do awards encourage people to do their best?
You have 1 minute to prepare before you answer the question take full advantage by
taking some quick notes for each question
Example Notes:
Notes:
Extending your answer in Part 4

Award/Achievements – I have a Bachelor’s degree/ I received the second highest GPA in my class/I
If you have more time try using the following: ran a marathon last month
Adding more information: Another important point to make is/ thing to say is… Feelings- proud – useful to community/ accomplished (a goal)/ I am able to provide for myself/I
have a career that I enjoy/ My family and friends respect.

Disagreeing with yourself : On the other hand, sometimes I think that…/
Encouraging- Yes. Helps when motivation is low/ Helps me stay discipline to complete goals. If I
Then again, it’s also true that….. /Then again, it’s also true that….
don’t win or achieve a goal the hard work is satisfaction. E.g. completed the marathon – improved READING
(25 questions – 30 minutes)

my English abilities.
TASK 1
TIPS
Choose one Word (A, B or C) for each space and write the letter on the paper. The first one
Note: Don’t worry about full sentences- you don’t have time. Just write down some (0) is done for you as an example with the answer A marked on your answer paper.
key points to help you structure your answer and remember ideas/ vocabulary.
Quick thinking is essential in the preparation for part 4.
Prepare for 1 minute (use a stopwatch) and then keep speaking for 2 minutes. Over 4,000 couples come to (0) __B__ married in the village of Gretna Green every year. Why
Structuring your answer – (Beginning/middle/end) and make sure it cover all of the do you think this small town is so special?
questions in the same order they were asked.
Choose a range of vocabulary and keep it appropriate to the task In 1754, England (1) ____ a law that changed this sleepy Scottish village forever. The law
Fluency – speaking without too many pauses stated that people (2) ____ the age of 21 couldn’t marry without the permission of their (3)
Accuracy – Try not to make to0 many mistakes. ____. . But this law didn’t apply to Scotland, where (4) ____ people got married at 16.
(…) Today’s laws are different, but the (5) ____ of “running away” to Gretna Green is still
popular for young couples who want a romantic wedding with a difference.
EXAMPLE (0) A) do B) get C) have
(1) A) passed B) accepted C) decided
(2) A) under B) over C) at
(3) A) relatives B) parents C) family
(4) A) young B) old C) religious
(5) A) time B) idea C) plan
TASK 2
Order the sentences (B-G) below to make a story. Write your answers on the newspaper
(Questions 6-11). The first sentence of the story (A) is given for you on the answer paper as
an example.
A The amazing Albert Einstein was not born in the United States, but he lived most of his
adult life in America after leaving his home country Germany.
B It was Einstein who first conceived of a nuclear fission weapon that he felt Germany
was on the verge of discovery.
C He was awarded the 1921 Nobel Prize in physics largely based on this theory. of bloodlines in order to retain genetic health. In spite of problems involving the complex (15)
D He is credited with developing the General Theory of Relativity that is one of the pillars _______ of the animals, a fair amount of (16) _______ has been achieved with North African
of modern science. Cheetahs and Arabian leopards.
E Because of Hitler's treatment of Jewish people, Einstein, who was a Jew, decided not
to return to Germany, and to make the United States his home.
F He spoke of the purity of science, and how it should be used for the betterment of
Humankind, and not for creating weapons of mass destruction.
G He was visiting the United States in 1933 when Adolf Hitler took power in his
homeland.
TASK 4
EXAMPLE (0) A
Read the text below. Match the headings A-H to the paragraphs 0-5 (Questions 16-21). There
(6) is one heading you don’t need. The answer to paragraph 0 is given as an example.
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
TASK 3
Read the text and match each space (12-15) with one word from the box below. Write the
words in the gaps. The answer to question (0) is given to you as an example.
You will not need to use all of the words.
The Sharjah Breeding Centre now has a (0) variety of animals including birds, mammals and
(12) _______. As its name suggests, the Centre is primarily involved in breeding and (13)
_______ the numbers of the species housed there whilst still maintaining the (14) _______
ANSWER KEYS
TASK 1
1) A 2) A 3) B 4) A 5) B
TASK 2
6) D 7) C 8) G 9) E 10) B 11) F
TASK 3
12) reptiles 13) expanding 14) diversity 15) behaviour 16) success
TASK 4
1) F 2) A 3) C 4) D 5) B
Speaking Practice Exam 2
Reading Part 4 - Matching Paragraphs to Headings Part 1 5 marks - 3 questions: 30 seconds each
In this part, I am going to ask you three short questions about you and
your interests. You will have 30 seconds to reply to each question.
The ‘Cinderella’ Gas 1. Please tell me about your home town or

city
Read the passage and choose a heading for each numbered paragraph 1-7 from the list. There is one more heading than you
2. How do you relax in the evening?
note of your choices on paper, then check your answers using the link at the bottom of the page when you've finished:
3. Do you have a large family?
A. A past problem? B. A double danger
C. It’s not too late D. Expert opinion
E. No hope for the future F. Another negative effect
G. Uses and abuses H. A step in the wrong direction
1. The United Nations Environment Programme (Unep) has issued a warning about the dangers posed by nitrous oxide,
the so-called "laughing gas". In a report presented at global climate talks, Unep says the chemical is now the biggest Part 2 5 marks - 3 questions: 45 seconds each
threat to the ozone layer. It says that thanks to farming and human activities, levels of the gas could double by 2050. If
this happens, it could reverse gains made to slow the thinning of the ozone layer and exacerbate global warming.
In this part, I am going to ask you to describe a picture. Then I will ask you two
2. Nitrous oxide is one of several greenhouse agents which are dubbed "Cinderella' gases, because their contribution questions about it. You will have 45 seconds for each response.
passes unnoticed. N2O exists naturally in the atmosphere but agriculture is by far the biggest human source, producing
two-thirds of emissions. It is also used in dentistry and surgery as an anaesthetic and a painkiller. It is sometimes used
as a recreational drug, called "nozz", and its abuse has been linked to permanent neurological damage and deaths.
3. Now, researchers say that it has emerged as the single biggest threat to the ozone layer since chlorofluorocarbons
and other damaging gases were restricted by the Montreal Protocol signed in 1987. The famous "hole" over Antarctica
has started to recover as a result of the phasing out of the hair sprays and refrigerants that contained these substances.
4. But according to this new report, if no action is taken, levels of nitrous oxide could increase by 83% from 2005 to
2050. "The continued build-up of N2O in the atmosphere will continue to deplete the stratospheric ozone layer and in so
doing will to a degree undermine the achievements of the Montreal Protocol," says the document.
5. Unep's executive director, Achim Steiner, warned that as well as posing a threat to the ozone layer, nitrous oxide has
a powerful global warming effect. "It's one of those elements in our modern life that we have not fully understood in
terms of its negative impacts. "If we can bring it to the attention of farmers, government and industry, the importance of
managing nitrous oxide more efficiently, and the climate benefits - it is a no-regret option," he said. The research
underlines the fact that nitrous oxide is the world's third most powerful gas when it comes to global warming potential.
6. Dr Joseph Alcamo is Unep's chief scientist. He told a news conference here in Warsaw that the gas could not be
ignored any longer. "Nitrous oxide makes up only 6% of the greenhouse gases but in terms of CO2, it is the equivalent
1. Please describe this picture in detail.
to emitting three [billion tonnes] a year. "This is about 50% of the total amount of emissions from every vehicle in the 2. Why is it important for people to learn to cook well?
world." 3. Tell me about a dish that you like?
7. However, the researchers were optimistic that both the warming potential and the danger to the ozone layer could be
swiftly curtailed if action was taken, particularly in agriculture. "In the agricultural sector, it comes down to using nitrogen
fertiliser more efficiently, a very simple idea, to improve the uptake by crops and livestock," said Dr Alcamo."It has a lot
to do with using the right fertiliser, in the right place."
Part 3 5 marks - 3 questions: 45 seconds each
Speaking Practice Exam 3
In this part I am going to ask you to compare two pictures. Then I will ask you
two questions about them. You will have 45 seconds for each response. Part 1 5 marks - 3 questions: 30 seconds each
In this part, I am going to ask you three short questions about you and
your interests. You will have 30 seconds to reply to each question.
1. Please tell me about your first school.

2. Please tell me about the last time you
visited friends.
3. Please tell me about your favourite
singer.
1. Tell me what you see in the two pictures.

2. What would it be like to work on these two farms?
3. Which method of farming is better for the community?
Part 4 5 marks - 3 questions: 1 minute preparation, 2 minutes Part 2 5 marks - 3 questions: 45 seconds each
speaking
In this part, I am going to ask you to describe a picture. Then I will ask you two
In this part I am going to show you a picture and ask you three questions. You questions about it. You will have 45 seconds for each response.
will have one minute to think about your answers before you start speaking. You
will have two minutes to answer all three questions. Look at the photograph.
1. Please describe this picture in detail.

1. Tell me about a book that is important to you.
2. How do most people in your country learn about world news?
2. How has this book helped you?
3. How has the reporting of news changed in the last fifty years?
3. Do you think computers will replace books in the future?
Part 3 5 marks - 3 questions: 45 seconds each APTIS SPEAKING
In this part I am going to ask you to compare two pictures. Then I will ask you PART 1
two questions about them. You will have 45 seconds for each response.
In this part I am going to ask you three short questions about yourself and your interests. You will
have 30 seconds to reply each question. Begin speaking when you hear this sound.
- What do you like doing in your free time?
1. Tell me what you see in the two pictures.

2. What sort of people go to these two events?
3. Which of these two events would you prefer to go to? Why?
Part 4 5 marks - 3 questions: 1 minute preparation, 2 minutes

speaking
In this part I am going to show you a picture and ask you three questions. You
will have one minute to think about your answers before you start speaking. You
will have two minutes to answer all three questions. Look at the photograph. - Do you live in a flat or a house? What is your home like?
1. Tell me about a time when somebody told you to stop doing

something.
2. How did you feel about it?
3. Do you think there are too many rules in modern life?
- Tell us about the country you would like to visit.

PART 2 PART 3
-Tell me about the last party you assisted.
-Do you think there are enough festivities in your country? What are good or bad about them?
-Who do you think would entertain themselves with these two type of games? Why?
-Which of these do you prefer? Why?

PART 4
EXAM 1
Part 1 - Film Club
You want to join a film club. Complete the form. You have 3 minutes.
First (given) name: *
Surname / Family name: *
Nationality: *
Hometown / city: *
Languages spoken *
Preferences (choose 3): *
1. Tell me about a book that is important to you. o Comedy

2. How has this book helped you? o Action
3. Do you think computers will replace books in the future?
o Wildlife
o Documentary
o Drama
o Romance
o Children
Part 2 - Film Club

You are a new member of a film club. Fill in the form. Write in sentences. Use 20-30 words.
You have 7 minutes.
Please tell us how often you watch films and why you enjoy them. *
Part 3 - Catering Club Writing Part 4
You are a new member of a catering club. You are talking to M. in the customer chat room.
Talk to M using complete sentences. Use 30-40 words per answer. You have 10 minutes to Last week you received an email from your local council: Dear Residents, To improve the
complete all 3 answers. telephone network, we will be installing a new telecoms tower on Monday next week. It will
take approximately 8 hours to install. For this reason, all telephone services (both mobile and
M: Hello. I see you're new to our club. I've been a member for nearly a year now. Why did land lines) and all internet services will be disrupted from 8am to 5pm on Monday. We
you decide to join? * apologise for the inconvenience and hope it will bring a better service. The Local Council
Maximum 40 words, 3 minutes However, the installation took two days (Monday and Tuesday) and since then, the service has
been significantly worse!
Write an email to a friend (50 words) expressing your feelings about this situation and
suggesting possible alternatives. You have 10 minutes. *
50 words, 10 minutes. Use friendly, informal English here, but use standard spelling and
punctuation.
M: So what dishes do you enjoy cooking? *

Maximum 40 words, 3 minutes
Also, write an email to the council explaining your feelings about the situation and
suggesting possible alternatives. Write 120-150 words. You have 20 minutes. *
Maximum 150 words, 20 minutes. Use formal English here. Remember to open and close your
letter appropriately.
M: Apparently the club is going to start posting members' favourite dishes on the website.
What do you think of this idea?
Writing Parts 1 & 2 Computer Club
You are a member of a computer club. You are talking to some other members in the travel club
Part 1 - Computer Club chat room. Talk to them using sentences. Use 30 to 40 words per answer. You have 10 minutes
in total.
You want to join a computer club. Fill in the form. You have 3 minutes. Jane: Hi! Welcome to the club. What do you use your computer for? *
Computer Club Membership Form
Full name: *
Date of birth:
Herbert: Welcome! Can you remember the first computer you used? What was it like? *
Day: * Maximum 40 words, 3 minutes
Month (write in full): *
Year: *
Ahmed: What would you like to learn from the computer club?
City / Town / Village: * Maximum 40 words, 3 minutes
Interests (list 3): *
Part 2 - Computer Club

You are a new member of a computer club. Fill in the form. Write in sentences. Use 20-30
words. You have 7 minutes in total.
Computer Club
Please write some reasons why you are interested in computers. *
Writing Part 4 Writing Part 4
You are a member of a nature club. You received this email from the club: Dear Member, We
are writing to tell you that the next meeting of our nature club (the morning walk around the Computer Club
nature reserve) has been postponed for 2 weeks, as the nature reserve is closed for repairs to the
paths. It will now take place on Sunday the 15th of this month, and we will be the first to try out You are a member of a computer club. You received this e-mail from the club: Dear Member,
the new paths. The fee will still remain at £3:00 per participant. Please contact the club secretary We are writing to tell you that the famous computer expert, Ms Tasmeen Mohammed will
if you need to change your plans or would like to book. unfortunately not be able to give a talk at our next club meeting due to personal reasons. She has
requested we reschedule the talk for next year in either January or March. Please contact the
Write an email to your friend. Write about your feelings and what you are planning to do. club secretary if you have a preference for one of the two months. Our meeting will take place
Write about 50 words. You have 10 minutes. * as usual with a discussion on the advantages and disadvantages of learning on the internet.
50 words, 10 minutes. Use friendly, informal English here, but use standard spelling and
punctuation. Write an e-mail to your friend. Write about your feelings and what you are planning to
do. Write about 50 words. You have 10 minutes. *
Use friendly, informal English here, but use standard spelling and punctuation.
Write an email to the secretary. Write about your feelings and what you would like to do.
Write 120-150 words. You have 20 minutes. *
Maximum 150 words, 20 minutes. Use formal English here. Remember to open and close your
letter appropriately.
Write an e-mail to the secretary of the club. Write about your feelings and what you would
like to do. Write 120-150 words. You have 20 minutes. *
Take
Delexical verbs (Delexical verbos)
Delexical verbs son verbos comunes como "have", "take", "make" o "give" que cuando se usan "Take", como "have", se usa con lavado o descansos, así como varios otros sustantivos.
con sustantivos particulares tienen muy poco significado propio. En estas estructuras la mayor parte ͌ Ejemplos:
del significado se encuentra en el sustantivo, no en el verbo. En la mayoría de casos, hay un verbo
Play
que tiene un significado similar o igual a la estructura "delexical". En muchos casos, hay verbos y
I need to take a long, hot bath. (Necesito tomar un baño largo y caliente.)
estructuras equivalentes en español (ver los ejemplos). Estas estructuras son muy comunes en ingles
y una comprensión de ellas enriquecerá la fluidez de la lengua. Play
El uso de estas estructuras permite añadir información adicional a la acción mediante del uso Take a break, you look exhausted. (Toma un descanso, te veo agotado.)
deadjetivos, en lugar de un adverbio, que a veces puede sonar torpe. Play
Echemos un vistazo a algunos ejemplos con estos verbos. Nancy doesn't like to take risks. (A Nancy no le gusta correr riesgo.)
Play
Can you take care of my dogs while I am on vacation? (¿Puedes cuidar a mis perros mientras estoy
Have de vacaciones?)
Otros sustantivos con que podemos utilizar el verbo "take" en las estructuras "delexical" pueden ser:
care, a chance, a decision, a photograph, trouble, a turn...
"Have" indica posesión, pero cuando se utiliza en estructuras "delexical", el sentido cambia.
Podemos utilizar "have" cuando hablamos de las comidas, las conversaciones y los desacuerdos, Nota: Tanto "have" como "take" se pueden utilizar con las formas sustantivas de ciertos verbos.
lavado o descansos. ͌ Ejemplos:
͌ Ejemplos: Play
Play Let's have a swim, it's hot. (Vamos a bañarnos, hace calor.)
We have breakfast every morning at 8 o'clock. (Desayunamos cada mañana a las 8.) Play
Play Can you take a look at my article before I submit it to the publisher? (¿Puedes echar un vistazo a mi
Let's have a drink! (¡Tomemos una copa!) artículo antes de enviarlo al editor?)
Play
They had an argument last night. (Tuvieron una discusión anoche.)
Play Make
John had a hot shower after his day out in the cold. (John tuvo una ducha caliente después de un
día en el frío.)
Play Utilizamos "make" con planes, viajes y en referencia a hablar.
I'm not happy. We need to have a conversation. (No estoy contenta. Necesitamos tener una ͌ Ejemplos:
conversación.)
Play Play
Next year I will have a long holiday in France. (El año que viene tendré unas largas vacaciones en Have you made the arrangements for your trip yet? (¿Has hecho los arreglos para tu viaje?)
Francia.) Play
My parents made a quick visit to the British Museum when they were in London. (Mis padres
Nota:, En el ejemplo "He had a shower...", también podemos decir "He showered" ("Él se hicieron una visita rápida al Museo Británico cuando estaban en Londres.)
duchó..."), pero utilizando la estructura "delexical" podemos incluir información adicional con el Play
uso de un adjetivo ("hot"). También es importante tener en cuenta que la estructura "delexical" tal Helen made a very important point in the meeting this morning. (Helen hizo una observación muy
vez es más utilizada que el verbo "to shower". Este es el caso no sólo con el ejemplo mencionado, importante en la reunión esta mañana.)
sino en muchos de los ejemplos que presentamos aquí. Play
The President will make his speech at the end of the inauguration. (El presidente hará su discurso
Otros sustantivos con los que podemos utilizar el verbo "have" en las estructuras "delexical" al final de la inauguración.)
pueden ser:
lunch, dinner, a snack, coffee, a chat, a discussion, a talk, a bath, a break, a rest, a dispute, a Otros sustantivos con que podemos utilizar el verbo "make" en las estructuras "delexical" pueden
fight... ser:
a sound, conversation, a comment, a noise, a promise, a suggestion, a choice, a decision, a plan,
a trip, a tour...
Give You rest, I'll do the cooking today. (Descansa, haré la comida hoy.
Play
Let me help you do your hair. (Déjame ayudarte a hacer tu cabello.)
"Give" se utiliza con ruidos, expresiones faciales, cariño o en referencia a golpear y hablar.
͌ Ejemplos: Otros sustantivos con los que podemos utilizar el verbo "do" en las estructuras "delexical" pueden
ser:
Play jobs, work, homework, the washing up, the cleaning, the dishes, exercise, research, damage...
Give me a shout when you are ready to go. (Dame un toque cuando estés listo para ir.)
Play
Please give Sally a big hug for me! (Por favor, dale a Sally un gran abrazo de mi parte.)
Play
My dad always gives me good advice. (Mi padre siempre me da buenos consejos.)
Play
Go ahead, give it a kick! (Venga, dale una patada.)
Otros sustantivos con los que podemos utilizar el verbo "give" en las estructuras "delexical" pueden
ser:
a cry, a laugh, a scream, a smile, a look, a glance, a punch, a slap, a push, a kiss, an answer,
information, an interview, a lecture, a report, a warning...
Go and Do
"Go" y "do" también se pueden utilizar como verbos "delexical", pero la estructura con estos verbos
es diferente. Utilizamos estos verbos a menudo con sustantivos terminados en "-ing".
Go
"Go" se utiliza en general para las actividades comunes que implican movimiento. Utilizamos la
estructura "go for a" cuando el sustantivo no termina en "-ing".
͌ Ejemplos:
Play
Beth goes swimming every day. (Beth va a nadar todos los días.)
Play
Nina doesn't like to go shopping. (A Nina no le gusta ir de compras.)
Play
It's a beautiful day, we should go for a walk. (Es un día hermoso, deberíamos dar un paseo.)
Otros sustantivos con los que podemos utilizar el verbo "go" en las estructuras "delexical" pueden
ser:
running, walking, jogging, skiing, a jog, a ride, a swim, a run, a stroll...
Do
"Do" se utiliza a menudo con las actividades relacionadas con trabajo. También utilizamos "do"
cuando la acción es evidente.
͌ Ejemplos:
Play
Can you please do the washing? (¿Puedes hacer el lavado por favor?)
Play
͌ Ejemplos:
Play
Say vs. Tell (Decir) "Can you tell me your name please?" (Díme tu nombre, por favor.")
En español podemos traducir "say"o "tell" como "decir", pero en inglés se usan estos verbos de maneras distintas. Hay unas reglas Play
que indican el uso de uno u otro en inglés, aunque en general usamos "say" para "decir algo" y "tell" para "decir algo a alguien." Did you tell him the address of the office? (¿Le dijiste la dirección de la oficina?)
3. Se usa "tell" con cuentos o bromas. En este caso, se puede traducir "tell" como "contar" en español.
Say ͌ Ejemplos:
Play
He told us a great story. (Nos contó un cuento maravilloso.)
Se usa "say" en el estilo directo y el indirecto. Si queremos usar "say" con un objeto personal, necesitamos usar la preposición "to". Play
͌ Ejemplos: "Tell me a joke," she said. ("Cuéntame un chiste," dijo ella.)
͌ Estilo directo
4. Con la verdad y las mentiras, se usa "tell."
Play ͌ Ejemplos:
"I'm hungry," he said. ("Tengo hambre," él dijo.)
Play Play
"I need your help," Glen said to Mike. ("Necesito tu ayuda," Glen dijo a Mike.) "Tell me the truth," she demanded. ("Dime la verdad," dijo ella.)
Play
͌ Estilo indirecto Keith never tells lies. (Keith nunca miente.)
Play 5. Usamos "tell" con el tiempo o la fecha.

He said he was hungry. (Él dijo que tenía hambre.)
͌ Ejemplos:
Play
Glen said to Mike that he needed his help. (Glen dijo a Mike que necesitaba su ayuda.) Play
"Could you tell me the time, please?" she asked. ("Podrías decirme la hora, por favor?" me preguntó.)
Play
Tell Bob told me the date. (Bob me dijo la fecha.)
También se puede usar "tell" con el estilo directo y el indirecto, aunque el uso con el estilo directo no es tan común. Cuando usamos
"tell" necesitamos usar un objeto indirecto que va detrás del verbo.
͌ Ejemplos:
͌ Estilo directo
Play
He told me, "I'm hungry." (Me dijo, "Tengo hambre.")
Play
Glen told Mike, "I need your help." (Glen dijo a Mike, "Necesito tu ayuda.")
͌ Estilo indirecto
Play
Mike told me that he was hungry. (Mike dijo que tenía hambre.)
Play
Glen told Mike that he needed his help. (Glen dijo a Mike que necesitaba su ayuda.)
Otros usos de "tell":

1. Se usa "tell" con órdenes o instrucciones.
͌ Ejemplos:
Play
I told him, "Stop complaining." (Le dije, "Deja de quejarte.")
Play
She told us to hurry. (Nos dijo que nos diéramos prisa.)
2. Usamos "tell" cuando damos o pedimos información.

Whatever, Wherever, Whenever...etc. (Cualquier/a, quienquiera, The party starts at 9 o'clock, but you can come whenever you want. (La fiesta empieza a las 9, pero puedes venir
cuando quieras.)
dondequiera...etc.) Whenever I call, he is always out. (Cada vez que llamo, está fuera.)
Cuando añadimos la terminación "-ever" a los pronombres interrogativos como "what" o "where", nos sirven como pronombres,
adjetivos o conjunciones con un significado más o menos equivalente a "cualquier/a que" en español. El problema de traducirlos We can start the classes whenever is best for you. (Podemos empezar las clases cuando te vaya mejor.)
directamente es que las reglas de uso son diferentes en inglés y español. Como se ve en los ejemplos que siguen, lo importante es el
significado de estas palabras que en general significan "no importa" o "da igual". Whenever did she finally arrive? (¿Cuando llegó al final?)
Cuando los utilizamos como interrogativos, expresan extrañeza, sorpresa, indignación o
exasperación. A continuación tienes algunos ejemplos para demostrar sus varios usos. Whoever/Whomever (Quienquiera que)
"Whoever" es un pronombre que significa "quienquiera" en español.
Whatever (Cualquier que/lo que quiera) Ejemplos:

"Whatever" puede ser un adjetivo o pronombre y significa "cualquier que" o "lo que quiera". Whoever eats their vegetables can have dessert. (Quien coma sus verduras tendrá postre.)
Ejemplos: I will date whoever I want! (¡Saldré con quien quiera!)
Whatever I do, it doesn't seem to make a difference. She still doesn't like me. (Haga lo que haga, no parece Whoever called last night didn't leave a message. (Quienquiera que llamara anoche no dejó un mensaje.)
haber ninguna diferencia. Sigo sin gustarle.)
Whatever you do, don't keep them waiting. (Sea como sea, pero no les hagas esperar.) Whoever made this mess? (¿Quien hizo este lío?)
He is so rich, he can buy whatever he wants. (Él es tan rico que puede comprar lo que quiera.)
Whatever classes you choose, you are sure to learn a lot. (Cualquier clase que elijas, seguro que aprenderás mucho.) However (Como quiera)
Como adverbio, ""however" significa "como quiera".
Whatever time you finish, don't forget to call us. (Termines cuando termines, no olvides de llamarnos.)
Ejemplos:
Whatever happened here? (¿Qué ha pasado aquí?)
You can do it however you want, but I suggest you be careful. (Puedes hacerlo como quieras, pero te sugiero que tengas
cuidado.)
Whichever (Cualquiera que) However much money he has, it's never enough. (Da igual cuanto dinero tenga, nunca es suficiente.)
"Whichever" es un pronombre o adjetivo que significa "cualquiera" en español. Como hemos visto en la lección de What vs. However long it takes, it doesn't matter, it just needs to be finished. (Da igual cuanto se tarde, no importa, sólo hay que
Which, el uso de "which" implica un número limitado de respuestas posibles. Como tal, "whichever" significa que no importa cuál terminarlo.)
entre el número limitado de opciones posibles.
However did you finish it? (¿Como lo terminaste?)
Ejemplos:
It's a small town. Whichever way you turn, you always seem to end up in the same place. (Es un pueblo Nota: Cuando se usa "however" como conjunción, significa "sin embargo" o "no obstante".
pequeño. Gires por donde gires, parece que acabes en el mismo sitio.)
Ejemplos:
Take whichever one you like. (Coge el que te guste.)
I don't usually drink coffee, however I am very tired this morning and need the caffeine.(Normalmente no
Whichever jacket I wear, I'm still going to be cold. (Cualquiera de las chaquetas que me ponga, igualmente tendré frío.) bebo café, no obstante, estoy muy cansado esta mañana y necesito la cafeína.)
She would like to come to the party, however it's better that she stay home and rest as she has been
Wherever (Dondequiera que) ill for days now. (Le gustaría venir a la fiesta, sin embargo, es mejor que se quede en casa y descanse porque ya lleva días enferma.)
"Wherever" es un conjunción que significa "dondequiera" o "en cualquier lugar o parte".
Ejemplos:
Please sit wherever you like. (Por favor, siéntate donde quieras.)
Wherever I go, I always feel like a stranger. (Vaya donde vaya, siempre me siento como un extranjero.)
His dog follows him wherever he goes. (Su perro le sigue vaya donde vaya.)
Wherever did they go? (¿Dónde se fueron?)
Whenever (Siempre que)

"Whenever" es un conjunción que significa "siempre que" o "cuando sea".
Ejemplos:
Los posesivos varían según el que posee y no según la cantidad poseída:
Possessive Pronouns (Pronombres posesivos) xEjemplos:
xPlay
Pronombres posesivos His bike is red. (Su bicicleta es roja.)
(en función de determinante del Ejemplo Traducción ejemplo xPlay
sujeto) The red bike is his. (La bici roja es suya.)
mi, mis Ésta es mi casa. xPlay
My This is my house. My house is small. (Mi casa es pequeña.)
tu, tus (de ti) / su, sus Éste es tu libro. / Éste es su xPlay
Your (de usted) This is your book. libro. The small house is mine. (La casa pequeña es mía.)
su, sus (de él) Ésta es su bicicleta.

His This is his bicycle.
Los pronombres posesivos se clasifican en dos tipos según su función en la oración.
su, sus (de ella) Éste es su vestido. 1.En función de artículo determinativo del sujeto
Her This is her dress. Gramaticalmente funciona como un artículo determinativo del sustantivo al que acompaña, por lo
Ésta es su casa. (la casa del tanto siempre va antes del objeto.
su, sus
Its This is its (the cat's) home. gato) xEjemplos:
nuestro/a, nuestros/as Éstas son nuestras maletas. xPlay
Our These are our suitcases. My car is blue. (Mi coche es azul.)
vuestro/a, vuestros/as, Éstos son vuestros asientos. xPlay
su, His house is big. (Su casa es grande.)
Your These are your seats. Éstos son sus asientos.
sus (de ustedes)
su, sus (de ellos) Éstos son sus libros. 2.En función de pronombre
Their These are their books. Gramaticalmente funciona como un pronombre en función de complemento directo.
Pronombres posesivos xEjemplos:
Ejemplo Traducción ejemplo
(en función de pronombre)
xPlay
mío/s, mía/s Este libro es mío. The blue car is mine. (El coche azul es mío.)
Mine This book is mine xPlay
tuyo/s, tuya/s, suyo/s, ¿Este libro es tuyo? / ¿Este The big house is his.(La casa grande es suya.)
Yours suya/s Is this book yours? libro es suyo?
suyo/s, suya/s Nota: Estos ejemplos responden a la pregunta, "¿De quién es?.
Esta bicicleta es de él.
His (de el) This bicycle is his.
suyo/s, suya/s (Pronombres posesivos y el genitivo)
El vestido es de ella.
Hers (de ella) The dress is hers.
su, sus La casa es suya (del gato).
Its The house is its(the cat's). El genitivo "-s" no se ha de confundir con los pronombres posesivos. Así podemos decir:
nuestro/s, nuestra/s Las maletas son nuestras. xPlay
Ours The suitcases are ours. Her dress... (Su vestido...[de ella])
vuestro/a, vuestros/as, Estos asientos son vuestros.
Yours suyo/s, suya/s These seats are yours. Estos asientos son suyos. O podemos decir:
xPlay
suyo/a, suyos/as (de
Este lápiz es de ellos. Andrea's dress... (El vestido de Andrea...)
Theirs ellos) This pencil is theirs.
En ambos casos expresamos un poseedor y un poseído, en este caso el vestido. En la primera frase,
el pronombre posesivo femenino "her" indica que tanto el hablante como el oyente acaban de hacer
referencia a la misma persona. En cambio en el segundo caso, el hablante quiere dar a conocer el
nombre del poseedor.
Grammatical Rules (Reglas gramaticales)
1.Siempre utilizamos el genitivo para referirnos a personas.
xPlay Prepositions of Place (Preposiciones de lugar)
Paul's house...(La casa de Paul...) Las preposiciones de lugar se colocan detrás del verbo principal, que suele ser el verbo "to be"
xPlay (estar, ser) en cualquiera de los tiempos pasados, presentes o futuros y en sus formas tanto simples
Mary's bike... (La bicicleta de Maria...) como compuestas.
Ya hemos visto los diferentes usos de las tres preposiciones más comunes ("in", "at", "on") en la
2.Cuando nos referimos a cosas o lugares utilizaremos la preposición "of". lección anterior. A continuación encontrarás otras preposiciones de lugar.
xPlay
The wheel of the bike...(La rueda de la bicicleta...)
xPlay NEXT TO (BESIDE)
Washington is the capital of the United States. (Washington es la capital de los Estados Unidos.) Significado: al lado de, junto a
Uso: Tanto "next to" como "beside" se pueden utilizar indistintamente. Utilizar una forma u otra
3.También podemos utilizar el genitivo al final de la oración que acostumbra a ser la respuesta a una dependerá del hablante y del contexto.
pregunta anterior. En estos casos no necesitamos el nombre. xEjemplos:
xQuestion (pregunta): xPlay
xPlay The supermarket is next to (beside) the bank. (El supermercado está junto al banco.)
Where is your sister? (¿Dónde está tu hermana?) xPlay
Sit next to (beside) me. (Siéntate a mi lado.)
xAnswer (repuesta):
xPlay BY
She is at my parent's. (Está en la casa de mis padres.) Significado: cerca, al lado de, junto a
Uso: Se puede utilizar en los mismos contextos que "next to" pero el significado de "by" es más
como "cerca" en castellano.
xQuestion (pregunta):
xEjemplos:
xPlay
Whose house is this? (¿De quién es esta casa?) xPlay
I sit by the window. (Me siento a lado de la ventana.)
xPlay
xAnswer (repuesta): Our house is by the river. (Nuestra casa está cerca del río.)
xPlay
It is Michael's. (Es de Miguel.)
BETWEEN
WARNING! Significado: entre
Cuando el nombre de el poseedor termina en una "s", el genitivo se añade al final del poseedor, pero xEjemplos:
sólo añadiendo el apostrofe "-‘" y no la "-s" del genitivo. xPlay
xPlay The shop is between the bank and the train station. (La tienda está entre el banco y la estación de
Luis' house...(La casa de Luis....) tren.)
xPlay
She is standing between Peter and John. (Permanece de pie entre Pedro y Juan.)
BEHIND
Significado: detrás de
xEjemplos:
xPlay
The church is behind the school. (La iglesia está detrás de la escuela.)
xPlay
He is standing behind you. (Está de pie detrás de ti.)
IN FRONT OF vs. OPPOSITE
Significado: contrario, en frente de, opuesto, delante de
Usos: La diferencia entre estas preposiciones la notamos cuando estamos hablando de personas, "in Prepositions (Las preposiciones)
front of" no implica estar delante y cara a cara, en cambio "opposite" significa delante y cara a Las preposiciones son una de las partes del inglés que más cuesta aprender a los hablantes de
cara.
lengua española porque la traducción directa a menudo es imposible. Las preposiciones pueden ser
xEjemplos: traducidas de manera distinta según la situación o el contexto de su uso. Por ello es recomendable
xPlay memorizar las diferentes variaciones y usos dependiendo de si hablamos de preposiciones de lugar,
The hotel is in front of the station. (El hotel está en frente de la estación.) movimiento o tiempo. Verémos que muchas de las preposiciones se repiten en los diferentes
xPlay apartados.
The bank is opposite the market. (El banco está delante del mercado.)
xPlay
Nota: Las preposiciones siempre están seguidas por un sustantivo, no un verbo (excepto en la forma
Laura is standing in front of you. (Laura está de pie delante de ti.)
de gerundio).
xPlay
She is sitting opposite me. ( Se está sentando en frente mío.)
In / At / On
UNDER Son unas de las preposiciones más comunes que se pueden usar para indicar lugar o tiempo: in,at y
Significado: debajo de on.
xEjemplos:
xPlay IN
The ball is under the chair. (La pelota está debajo de la silla.) Significado: en, dentro, dentro de
xPlay Uso (lugar): Se usa para indicar tanto espacios cerrados como espacios abiertos. Lo utilizamos para
The dog is under the tree. (El perro está debajo del árbol.) indicar que algo está dentro de una cosa, en un lugar cerrado, o en el interior de algo físicamente.
Sin embargo, como vemos en los ejemplos, también se utiliza para indicar que se está en un lugar
ABOVE geográfico.
Significado: por encima sin tocar ͌ Ejemplos:
xEjemplo: I live in Brighton. (Vivo en Brighton.)
xPlay The cat is in the box. (El gato está dentro la caja.)
The clock is above the table. (El reloj está por encima de la mesa.) I found your address in the phone book. (He encontrado tu dirección en la guía telefónica.)
Nota: La traducción literal puede llevar a confusión cuando la traducimos al castellano, ya que en My parents arrive in France on Monday. (Mis padres llegan a Francia el lunes.)
castellano diríamos: "el reloj está colgado en la pared." Si quisiéramos especificar diríamos: "y por
debajo en la misma pared está apoyada la mesa." Uso (tiempo): Lo utilizamos con meses, años, épocas, partes del día y períodos de tiempo (duración).
͌ Ejemplos:
BELOW We went to Mexico in May. (Fuimos a Méjico en mayo.)
Significado: por debajo sin tocar I always run in the mornings. (Siempre corro por las mañanas.)
xEjemplo: I will see him in a week. (Le veré en una semana.)
xPlay She was born in 1976. (Nació en 1976.)
The table is below the clock. (La mesa está por debajo del reloj.)
Nota: Como en el caso anterior, la traducción literal de "below" puede llevar a confusión. En este
AT
caso diríamos que la mesa está apoyada en la misma pared en la que se encuentra el reloj colgado
un poco más arriba. Significado: en, a, al, cerca de, tocando
Uso (lugar): Se usa delante de edificios como casas, aeropuertos, universidades (para indicar que
estamos dentro), antes de "top" (parte superior), "bottom" (parte inferior), "the end of" (al final de),
para indicar acontecimientos como reuniones, fiestas, conciertos, deportes, etc..., detrás de "arrive"
(llegar) cuando nos referimos a lugares que no sean ciudades o países.
͌ Ejemplos:
He is at home. (Él está en casa.)
I always visit my sister at work. (Siempre visito a mi hermana en el trabajo.)
We eat at the table. (Comemos en la mesa.)
She will see him at the theatre. (Le verá en el teatro.)
Her name is at the bottom of the page. (Su nombre está en la parte inferior de la página.) Preposiciones de tiempo
When did you arrive at the airport? (¿Cuándo llegaste al aeropuerto)
1. AT se utiliza para indicar:
Uso (tiempo): Lo utilizamos delante de la hora y de fiestas.
͌ Ejemplos: • HORAS: At 2pm—A las dos (de la tarde)
He runs every morning at 6. (Él corre cada mañana a las 6.) • HORARIOS DE COMIDAS: At lunchtime–A la hora del almuerzo)
I will see them at Christmas. (Les veré en Navidad.)
• DÍAS FESTIVOS: At Christmas—En Navidad
• FIN DE SEMANA: At the weeekend—El fin de semana (En inglés americano
ON
Significado: sobre, encima de algo, tocando se dice ‘on the weekend‘)
Uso (lugar): Se coloca delante de nombres de lugares con base como mesas, suelos, etc…, cuando 2. ON se utiliza para indicar:
nos referimos a lugares de una
• DÍAS: On Thursday—El jueves
habitación como techo o pared y para indicar que alguien está dentro de un transporte público o en
una planta de un edificio. • UN DÍA PARTICULAR: On July 1st—El 1 de julio/On New Year’s Day—El
͌ Ejemplos: Día de Año Nuevo
The pen is on the table. (El bolígrafo está sobre la mesa.)
• DÍA + PARTE DEL DIA: On Monday morning—El lunes por la mañana
They have a photograph of Paris on the wall. (Tienen una foto de París en la pared.)
I am on the bus. (Estoy en el autobús.) 3. IN se utiliza para indicar:
Her apartment is on the second floor. (Su piso está en la segunda planta.) • MESES: In October—En octubre
Uso (tiempo): Lo utilizamos con días de la semana, fechas y fiestas. • AÑOS: In 1981—En 1981
͌ Ejemplos: • ESTACIONES: In (the) spring
They went to Mexico on the first of May. (Fueron a Méjico a primeros de mayo.) • SIGLOS: In the 21st century—En el siglo XXI
He runs on Mondays and Fridays. (Él corre los lunes y los viernes.)
I will see Luis on his birthday. (Veré a Luis en su cumpleaños.) LA PREPOSICIÓN ‘IN’ SE UTILIZA CON ALGUNAS PARTES DEL
DÍA:
1) IN the morning – Por la mañana (5h a 11:59h)
2) IN the afternoon – Por la tarde (13h a 18h + o -)
3) IN the evening – Por la tarde (18h a 20:30h + o -)
…pero….
CON OTRAS PARTES DEL DÍA SE UTILIZA ‘AT’:
1) AT noon/AT middday – Al mediodía (12h a 13h)
2) AT night – Por la noche (20:30h >23:59h)
3) AT midnight – A medianoche (12h)
4) AT dawn – Al amanecer
*Curiosidad: ‘‘AT DAWN’ significa ‘al amanecer’, es decir, ‘al alba
At the museum– En el museo (dentro o fuera)
Preposiciones de lugar
o Con lugares determinados:
IN se utiliza: At the door – En la puerta
o En espacios cerrados: At the traffic light – En el semáforo
In the kitchen – En la cocina
In an office – En una oficina
In a hospital – En un hospital
o En lugares abiertos con límites definidos:
In the park – En el parque
In a street – En una calle
In the garden – En el jardín
o Con ciudades: In Ciutadella– En Ciutadella
o Con países: In Germany – En Alemania
ON se utiliza:
o En pisos de un edificio:
On the 2nd floor – En el 2º piso
o Con partes de una habitación:
On the walls – En las paredes
On the ceiling – En el techo
On the floor – En el suelo/piso
o Con transportes:
On a boat – En un barco
On the train – En el tren
Pero…
In a car – En un coche
In a taxi – En un taxi
AT se utiliza:
o Con ciertos lugares:
At home – En casa
At school – En el colegio
At university – En la universidad
o Se pueden utilizar dos preposiciones con un lugar:
In a museum– En un museo (dentro)

2

!"
# $!"!
#

% ! & !
" " " '
( $) *
+"#,- (+,*

'"
.+,
.# ' "

.
.# # ! "/
01"
% #! !

" #

! # #

' '

" '
" "
#

2 2

/ 7( *!! !" #
' 0 " 8! #!" ( #
( *) * # 8 # #(9! *
# (! !" #*
3

)
"

4
# 4
01
5"# 6) , - ; <#
63
+# )
# "

8/ " 7
""" :9: :#
2' 2,
5 7

! ' !/! !" # #
=
2 < 0. # "?
) "
=> ;( * < )" "

?" /
<

( !!
)
' " '/ #"
; " ' #"
(" *
"
=
< " 0.
0
='9 = 4 @
*
+
#
=
! " ") '#""
=0<9 "
4 & ! :BC-<
2
# '
=6-9 ? 4 ? & " 7
1 & 7:: :
#

=
; - 6. # #" ::/ :# . ..& ..
0 /
= / - ( !
9* D"
/ %
)& - 27
=0 -
0. 7:: ::

..
!
"
&
=
;." ;
) = ! )& ' !
=<9" ; .0 " > ' /" - "
(" " *"
=0'" , "& 0 .6 " &
" 7:: ::
& "#. "
..
=6+ ; 6 .) " '& 7
" ' " !97
#"
/"" """

.
) " " #

" " "
$ %
=
= , 0 / 9
& "

=A !9 A " 6)
"&
/ "
9
=0A ! A " 6)

"" /& !
9 & / #"""( *
""(
=6A "&
.
*
9
.
2. 2/
$ ! !! -

$ ! -

'"& '/ " '/ & " " 8#
" # " "
5 9 7 5 97
&
!!
5EEEEEE" #

#

? EEEEEE/ +

? ""# EEEEE

"# EEEEE

$%
!!
F7<% +! % G
7H!EEEEEEE % +9& /"#" "
9 /

5 97
"
I 7 %#

=7D#EEEEEEEEEE"9"#
?

5"
H

21 22
'9& # " ""

' ' # /

*
+

! =
! "( ?#
* '/ " &
< 9

! . " ' "

!
! +9! 7
#" <:<
'

! ! , $-

"
=, $-

"
?, $<:

! !
5" <#

! = " ' , / '!

@ (/
'9 ' " / *
# #
7

#" <

' /& # " , $-
' #"
=, $-0
98#
?, $
""#

$ !-

%
=0 "9(
) ,"9
" *' # 9 &
!! !-

% <9 " ( */
'9 7
"
@ #" <0
, $-0!6)
'
=, $-6
9
" ?, $=
? =6 ' 9(4) " * ,9 &#
" ' # ' A
0 !-

% -9 9( #-#
*' " 9 J
"
/" " !

' 7

9!
#" <6!)
"
, $-6!)
" K
=, $-)
" ( " !
?, $
! *
C
" "

23 2
$ !
-
,
! # A #
,
9"!" ;
"#! "
! "." 8

& ,
%
& -./ &
"
#
$

% &
% '

&
&

(%& )
%

& 0 1
1& 2
.345

6
7

'
&
'

% &

#&

'
%

8 6
(

%
9

%
' &
(%&
*
: 6

$
6

'

'

%

& $

4 6

;
&
+

5 1 <

&

= 1

(
%
$
(
2

0 1 <

&

8 6
(

%
9
: 6

$
6

4 6

;
&
5 1
1& 2
.345

6
7
= 1

(
%
$
(
2

2 2
,0 "

%
! " (9 *
" 9 '
" ,
!% " # /
"
#
$
!

% &
% '

&
&

*

(%& )
%

&
"
'
&
'

% &
6

@
(

&

&
&

@
& &

2 & #&

'
%

1 & $

&

%
' &
(%&

& *
@

&
$ @

% &

(&

.=

&
H4$BBB

< '

'

#
& &
I

& , @
(

%

& $

6

+

$ #% &
"# $$ $
,
,6

+/! 9 A # ( "*
"
0 1 <

&

<." .
8 6

;
&
!
: 1

(
%
$
(
2
*

>%&

-.=/

&
4 6

$
6

.
' .?5?

&
6

&
0

@& ,

, #
$
5 1
1& 2
.345

6

&
&
7

&
A& )
9%
$ #

8 &

& %$
%

'
<&

:

&
= 6
(

%
9

6
&
4
. ' .?BB C

;
D E

5

F&

%

6
$
=

&

$

%

& G &
G

0 ,

&
2' 2,
,0

' )& ' 7
"
)& 6.
6

@
(

&

&
&
&
08 & "! %
@
& &
"#

2 &
6' & " ! &

1 & $ #%

& &
@

&
$ @

% &
(& $

.=

&
H4$BBB

<
*
+

#
& &
I

=
& > % - "
/ ! !

& , @
(

; (! 77:: :
$
6
*"
'

&

& = & '&"
$$ "" # - " ! %
/ !
/! +9!" "
G; " G (/ ! *
! /
!9;<
(7::"""#:" *
,6 =0 & '.
"" # - " ;
' <
" #
.
' /
!
"
#! #-
0
&

& / "

8 '

: %

4 A

5 #

=
#

2. 2/
$ !

-

, %#& @ #= 7 ' " 8"/ ! . " "
" # # 9
+
?# & =" " "#
' "" "
9& ' # "7
-
H "& (.*,& "

;"! L"
9
@
62 J H
'( H"
H ! !
C <?<
6 ?::B 8?5B
'"" ) ' "
( ?::B 8?5?

*
+
?::B 855B =

/ / <
' !
;. 9" ( "*! !!
" ?::B 855? @ "
"
8 "
- " "
' - " "

9
@& 1

J

'(
= ' /$ 8 #" .0 " '
" " .
6
&
% &
<9 !
" 8
(
& & "0 "
# # L"

&
"
=0 " "#. ?# "&
"
& &
8"& %.
'"
9! +
- 0 "& 8 "9

9

%
& @
%
J L"0 .6 " "
@

%
J
'( =6 ' & " + !# #"
6 .) " /
6
% + #"
.
) "
"
?# " '/
( 6 8
!"
6
&
8 "

" 6
" "
!
21 22
$ !
-
8"/ ' " # %
45 !6 7

(,)6+ 8
;
8"/ ' " # %
45 !6 7

(,,)6+ 8 &)&*" +
C

<
&
&)&*" + "

.: B4 .33B
"
& # - / )

C

<
& ;
& K K L

"
.: #
& .33B
"
& # - / )
C

1& &
& K K L

#
' - 8/ *

C

1

' - 8/

H
A "
H
<(5 5*
C !! / "
H
" /&
23 2
; 45 !6 7(,,)

6+ 8
' "& ' #/:!
!! ! 5 # 7
, !
)

C
, -# @ A 0B8B )
=
9(
)
&#"#*" +
' D.
I

&

C " "

? '

%
&

'2
%
& %
> / & ( *

< #
D.
C " "

= #
> / & ( *9
L "( .0 " *
, " #
" .,
!
H .
):) (" *
2 "

- < #
> " /
& ( *
H
, ""

2 &
3 H .( !

3 *
2 2
;0 ' #/:!! !
5 # 7
0! " " . & ""##"7
, -#

9(
)
' , & . "" 7
9 "9
(" =
-(" > / &
.
" C &
, & . "" 7

, 9 "9
/" =
&&
> / &
C &
, & . "" 7
C " "
("
-("
. = #
" > / & ( *9

, 9
, & . " " 7

,-/" C " "
&&
+,"
= #
> / & ( *9

, 9
3 ="! .(

! *
2' 2,
45 !6 7(,,)

6+ 8 ;6
' #/ ! ! !

)

)

%

%
A 8B :B

)
.B . -#

, , " " 7

&! #*"* + , . #/ '"

)$0 1M @
&
&
J
,9 <
$ #&
& $ 2
&
F$
$

9
&
'

%
F

, & #<"#"
1#"0 @M '
&
& &J
9
# "
)$ # &

&
& <&
M &
%

%

' , . #/ 7
9 , " " 7
1 0 @
&

$
& & % J <9
#&

'2
$

'2

F
'
& % M ?
</ & #
9
# "
, . # / 7
L "(0 .6 " "* 9 , " " 7
, <9
< "
C ?
! # " </ & #
9
# "
, . #/ 7
9 , " "
7
"9
=
- #/ " #
9
C -# " "
, . #/ H
9 " , " " 7
"9
=
- #/ " #
9
C -# " "
3 ="
! .
( ! *
2. 2/
%, % +9! " %

" " "'/
' " 8 " & 9 # #
" / !
' # "7

45 !6 (,,)
6+ '8 H #
H #
H "&
)

, &
&
2. " $ #

D " %%% %

<#

!

"
H
#

"$%
@

@ &

@ 4B
*
+
)
.B
=
! # " ' #
5 D!" # GM & 89 #
# @ = #0 & 9 '#
NH NN?
( !"# ! *
6

$
&

@ .0B.4B )
0B
! #
!9
A<?!
"
" #9 = # 8 K !
;
""& " ?#
A !9 ' "&
" ; !" "# & 9 (
*89#
9 6) &
# # "" D
=0 #" ' #!

""& " ("
#"# !"# A ! '& " *+
9 ( *8
9#6)
, ! ; ! #
9 &
?
=6 / " 8"
#&
A 8 " '& ("
C " " '/ 9
# 89# *
9
9 "
" '9# .+

; ! #"K" "& !

2 K"!".
'

#"
(5" EEEG*
?#

" "
21 22
$ ! %
-
"& ! "(9 A*
<#
I
. '
'2
% & >
&
& )
/ ( *& D 9
8B &
> (
% &

; / ( */ & (9*; !9
"& 9' (
@ * #( 0 *
I

&
&
9
)" #,
I
&
> & &
( &
$
% &

%K

% &
' &

%K

% B:: K 8BB

)&0%

%
@ & &

&
&
)
&
)&20 % '(

% @
& % & J

BBB K BBB
)" #,
I
&
> & &
( &
$
% &

%K

B:: K 8BB
*
% &
' &

%K

%

)&0%

%
@
2
%
&J
@ & &
&
&
)
&
)&20 % '(

%
* &(
*
BBB K B4B
B:: K 8BB
*("(" #5
3
$( * ,$
, ## & 4$
" ; /& ! 98
# #
:8 #& " " "
9 ! " #
23 2
' #/:! ! <#

!K 5 #
" "& 86) &
, -#
9(
)
I
0 '
'2
% &
'
% & >
' , & . "" 7
)
:4
(
% &

< #
> / & !9

? &
"
+& !
, & . "" 7

< #
> / & !9
@&

& J
? &
+& !
, & . "" 7
2 "

& &
> "
= 9 "
+& !
, & . " " 7

2 "

> "
= 9 "
+& !
3 H .( !

3 *
2 2
' #/:! ! ! <#0

!K 5 #
" " "&
, -#

9(
) I
8 '
'2
% &
$
'
% &
>
)
:4
(
% &

' , & . "" 7
9 "9
</ # "9
9

&
=

< !
C -# " "
, & . "" 7

9 "9
</ # "9 @

9 J
=

< !
C -# " "
, & . "" 7
C # #
> " 9
# @
%
J
?

H !
" ,
, & . " " 7

C # #
> " 9
#
?
H !
" ,
3 ="! .

( ! *
2' 2,
'# <#6

! "& " 8
, -#
"" ;
! (%8"" #%* #
9(
)
' , & . "" 7
9 "9
</ # "9
9 I
: '
'2 &

% & > )

%
&
&

% )

=

> (
% &
9%

< !
C -# " "
, & . "" 7

&

"9 1 &

J
9 "

J
</ # "9
9
=

< !
C -# " "
, & . "" 7 ,
)1))!)
)'67 6 3
C # #
> " 9 3"%$"
# &&("
3"$(
?
H !
" ,
, & . " " 7

C # # )

%
> " 9
#
?
H !
" ,
3 ="! .(

! *
2. 2/
A! # ! " , #/:! ! !
"9 " " !# 5 !K 5 # 7
9 #7
' " . -#

9/

, , & ".
C 9 <

C & #<"#"
5" G 9
=
9" / ## K"
# "
' , & . "" 7
0A" G
9 <9
" 7

9
</ & #
:
9
" 7
= ?
#

%"
< "
# "
, & . "" 7

9 <9

</ & #
9
= ?

< "
# "
, & . "" 7
9 "9
- #/ " #
=

H ! !
C -# " "
, & . " " 7

9 "9
- #/ " #
=

H ! !
C -# " "
3 = /

!!
.( *
21 22

' # "/ ' ' " '
9 ' 9 ""
" # #
"

*
+
=
' 8" =
/ "

"&
6 '
= ! " C "
" ,&

*
+
""& "

=
! % ?# '! /
8 "& ,! ! "
" "4& 8 " /
"&
=0 ! " " C " , #
= ? "D " " # (
8" " ! *
'
9 "7!"!
=0 ' 90 " " ?# "9 "8"
8 " "' %

." / !
"9
=6 ! "" ?#
8" C "#
=6 5 " 9 8/ 9 " 8" " 9
8/#" "
8

9
2'3 2'

"
' #/! ! ! !

*
+

=
" "#. ?# "
. , .
8"& & %.
, " " 7
'" ' #
+ ,9 H
9! 0
"9 , H"#"9
"
H"
& L"0 .6 " , # "
"
, , .
= " ?# . , " " 7

8 ( ,9 ?

.
) " ! ! " , <"#" 9
9 " * ?
=0 """ ' # , # "
H 9(%@ ' , .
* , " " 7
9
" "' <9
"
1 " </ & #
9
=
- # "
, .:
9 , " " 7
<9
</ & #
9
=
- # "
, .:

9 , " " 7
"9
- #/ " #
9
=
C -# " "
, .: #/
9 , " " 7
"9
- #/ " #
9
=
C -# " "
3 ="
! .(
! *
2' 2'
"0

%

' #/! ! !

*
+
=
#" ' !
. , " 9
""& " ("
, " " 7
A ! '& " *+
,9 ?
9 ( *8
, H"#"9
9#6)
? ; ! #
& ' #
, # "
9 0
, , " 9
= " #& .+
, " " 7
8 "& !
,9 ?
A "# 8 K"!".
, <"#" 9
9#" '
? '
9 # 6
, # " #"

' , " 9 (5" EEEG*

9 , " " 7 ?#
<9 " "
</ & #
9 =0 # < #
= 8" '
- # " = ! " # ## #
& # #
, L "
#6) '
9 9
&
, " " 7
<9
</ & #
#
# 0 #
9
# 6
=
- # "
, L "
9 9
, " " 7
"9
- #/ " #
9
=
C -# " "
, 9
9
, " " 7
"9
- #/ " #
9
=
C -# " "
3 ="
! .
( ! *
2'' 2',
#0 ; %

' #/:! ! ; ! # # 7
!!K
!

8$ !+
8
. = ". !9

+8 3<

'".& ". '
C 9 <

C & #H"#"
9
=
## K"
# "
, = ! 2 ;

L

&
" ;

04 >
L

& 04 > 4
'".& '
;

L

& 4B >
C 9 <
%

04
"
5

>

C :"" < "
.4

& > 8

"#" 9

&
=
## K"
# "
+6
$ !

' , !".& .
9 " " #
, !".& .
9 " " #
+ " #7 D !& "# 7
<9
</ & #
!

8$ !+
8
9

$
!! =
+8 3<
= ?

!11

< "
!"
# " '
,
' ! .
0 #
"$
9 ".& ' "
"
#

""$
' !
9 ".& ' "
"
# $$
+ "

#7
"9
- #/ " #
=

H ! !
C -# " "
3 = /
!! +6

+ =
:5
.( *
2'. 2'/
' 9"7 $

?# #&
!

8$ !+
8

$
!! =
+8 3< ; # # ! ' " #
; ! ,
!11
#8 (#9*!#H( *

!"
' A#!# " @ "" &
, ""
0 . #
"$

'

'
""$
,
. )" #,
0
$$
I
&
> & &

( &
$
% &

%K

% &
' &

%K

%

)&0%

%
@ & &

&
&
)
&
)&20 % '(

%
, . / 1
+6

+ =
:5
BBB K BBB
)" #,

' 2 I
&
> & &

' > ( &
$
% &

%K

*
% &
0 ; "&
' &

%K

%
6 # "

) ' )&0%

%
' @ & &

&
&
)
&
4 '
* &( )&20 % '(
%
1 M#" " !#K&
' &
' BBB K B4B
" !"" "
" *("(" #5
3
$( * ,$
, ## & 4$
"
2'1 2'2
' ## 7 !!

' " 9 "
@ !
'" 7

6 . BBB K :4B ( *

9
&/ ( */

(9*! ! "# "
#
# ! ( *"
8 # # 7
6 . BBB K .0BB
K '
K !" 8
# # 7
6 . BBB K .0BB

2,3

%
; 5 # #
7
," 7

7:: : ::/ :# . ..& ..

> - " 7
7:: :
> 7
"""
," %5"# %

A " "7
""" :9 :
= # - (;<*!
" . / (!=!
?5" *
, #"
!
6!
>

?9
3.
9

66@A

!
832(4

& )$3//($
)
Not only ... but also
Conjunciones
x My brother not only speaks French but also German
And
x I study and my brother watches TV Or
x From here to Gibraltar you can go by train or by car

As (mientras; la 2° acción ocurre antes de que la 1° haya finalizado, o
evolucionan paralelamente)
Otherwise (de otro modo)
x As he grew older he became more aggressive
x We must leave now, otherwise we will lose our flight
Because (porque)
So (por lo tanto)
x You cannot go to the party because you are too young
x It was raining a lot, so we decided to rest at home
Both ... and

That (que)
x Both the Spanish team and the English one play football quite well
x I didn't know that you had bought a new car
But
Therefore (mismo significado que "so" pero más formal)
x I studied very hard but I didn't pass the exam
x I had fever; therefore I didn't go to work
Either ... or
Though (aunque, pero) ("Although" tiene el mismo significado pero es
x I have to decide to go either to Paris or to London más formal)
x He didn't admit his fault, though he knew it was his responsibility

However (como quiera, sin embargo)
x I explained my problem to him, however he didn't understand it Unless (a menos que)
x Unless you study more you won´t pass your exams

If (si -condicional-)
x If he studys he will pas his exams When (cuando; las dos oraciones ocurren simultáneamente o una detrás de
la otra)
Neither ... nor x When the weather is good lots of people go to the beach
x I like neither this tie nor that one
Nevertheless (sin embargo)
x I didn't receive an invitation to the party; nevertheless I went there
1 2
Diferencia entre When / as
x The baker had no sooner turned off the oven than
the last customers arrived.
Las 2 se utilizan para acciones paralelas.
El panadero apenas había apagado el horno cuando llegaron los últimos clientes.
La conjunción "when" también se utiliza cuando una acción ocurre después x I had no sooner gotten into the bathtub than the telephone rang.
de la otra: Apenas me había metido en la bañera cuando sonó el teléfono.

or - o
x When you finish your homework you will play with your friends
x
x We'd better leave right now or we'll miss our bus.
Es mejor que nos vayamos ahora o perderemos el autobús.
"As" también se emplea cuando una acción ocurre antes que finalice la otra
x Can you do that by yourself, or you need my help?
x As I flew to Barcelona I started feeling bad ¿Puedes hace eso solo, o necesitas mi ayuda?
either...or... - o...o...
While (mientras) x
x Either you shut your mouth and listen or you leave the class.
x While I was away my house was burgled O te callas la boca y escuchas, o te vas de la clase.
x That clerk is either incompetent or too lazy to be efficient.
Ese oficinista es incompetente o demasiado perezoso para ser eficiente.
neither...nor... - no...ni...
and - y
x
x
x The musician neither played the piano well nor sang good songs.
x He played the guitar and sang wonderful songs.
El músico no tocó bien el piano ni cantó buenas canciones.
El tocó la guitarra y cantó maravillosas canciones.
x Jack neither wrote nor telephoned.
x It is hard for a student to work and study at the same time.
Jack no escribió ni llamó por teléfono.
Es difícil para un estudiante trabajar y estudiar al mismo tiempo
whether...or.... - si...o...
not only...but also... - no solo...sino también...
x
x
x We must decide whether to go there today or tomorrow.
x Mary plays not only the guitar but also the violin.
Debemos decidir si ir allí hoy o mañana.
Mary no solo toca la guitarra sino también el violín.
x Mary wondered whether to travel or to stay and save the money.
x Not only is Sally disappointed at her brother but also angry at his remarks.
Mary se preguntaba si viajar o quedarse y ahorrar el dinero.
Sally no solo está decepcionada por su hermano sino también enfadada por su comentarios.
or else... - o sino...
not only...but...as well - no solo...sino...también
x
x
x We have to hurry up, or else we'll miss our bus.
x She is not only beautiful but very intelligent as well.
Tenemos que apurarnos o de lo contrario perderemos el autobús.
Ella no solo es hermosa sino que es muy inteligente también.
x You have to pay the rent of the house, or else you will be evicted.
x Mary and Bill not only argued, but shouted at each other as well.
Usted tiene que pagar el alquiler de la casa, o sino será desalojado.
Mary y Bill no solo discutían sino que se gritaban también.
otherwise - de otro modo
both...and... - tanto...como... / ambas cosas
x
x
x You'll have to hurry up, otherwise you'll be late.
x Many politicians desire both money and power.
Tendrás que darte prisa, o de otro modo llegarás tarde.
Muchos políticos desean tanto dinero como poder.
x Leave right now, otherwise you'll be caught.
x Bill wants both to earn more money and to work less.
Vete ahora, de otro modo te atraparán.
Bill quiere ambas cosas, ganar más dinero y trabajar menos.
if - si
no sooner...than... - apenas...cuando...
x
x
x If I see him, I'll give him the message.
Si lo veo, le daré el mensaje.
3 4
not even if - ni siquiera si
x What shall we do, if they don't accept the offer?
¿Qué haremos si ellos no aceptan la oferta? x
whether - si x He will not do that work, even if he is paid for it.
El no hará ese trabajo, ni siquiera si se le paga por ello.
x x They will not finish on time, even if they hurry up.
x I don't know whether they will agree on that subject.
Ellos no terminarán a tiempo, ni siquiera si se dan prisa.
No sé si ellos estarán de acuerdo en ese tema.
despite / in spite of - a pesar de
x I wonder whether she really wants to do that.
Me pregunto si ella realmente quiere hacer eso. x
unless - a menos que x Despite his bad reputation, the politician won the elections.
A pesar de su mala reputación, el político ganó las elecciones.
x x It was a great match in spite of the bad the weather.
x You won't pass the exam unless you study harder.
Fue un gran juego, a pesar del mal tiempo.
No pasarás el exámen a menos que estudies más duro.
regardless of - sin importar, sin que importe
x Don't go there unless they call you.
No vayas allá a menos que ellos te llamen.
provided / providing - siempre que, mientras
x
x
x We'll go fishing this afternoon, provided it doesn't rain.
x They decided to finish the project, regardless of the cost.
Iremos a pescar esta tarde, siempre que no llueva.
Decidieron terminar el proyecto, sin que importe el costo.
x You can borrow my car providing you return it today.
x A patriot will defend his nation, regardless of the consequences.
Puedes tomar prestado mi coche siempre que lo regreses hoy.
Un patriota defenderá a su nación, sin importar las consecuencias
as long as - siempre que, mientras
therefore - por lo tanto
x
x
x You can stay here as long as you work hard.
x I don't know her phone number, therefore I can't call her.
Te puedes quedar aquí mientras trabajes duro.
No sé su número de teléfono, por lo tanto no puedo llamarla.
x Nobody will know this secret as long as you keep mum.
x She didn't study, therefore she coudn't pass the exam.
Nadie sabrá este secreto siempre que mantengas la boca cerrada.
Ella no estudió, por lo tanto no pudo aprobar el examen.
in case - en caso de que
hence - de ahí
x
x
x Call this phone number in case you get lost.
x English is not her mother tongue, hence her mistakes.
Llama a este número de teléfono en caso de que te pierdas.
El inglés no es su lengua materna; de ahí sus errores.
x We will take our umbrellas in case it rains.
x Frank was raised in a farm, hence his ability to ride horses.
Llevaremos nuestros paraguas en caso de que llueva.
Frank fue criado en una granja, de ahí su capacidad de montar a caballo.
although / though / even though - aunque
thus - por lo tanto
x
x
x Although Jack is not very tall, he is excellent at basketball.
x He overslept and thus, arrived late for the appointment.
Aunque Jack no es muy alto, es excelente en el baloncesto.
Se quedó dormido, por lo tanto llegó tarde para la cita.
x She decided to go to work, though she was not feeling well.
x She hadn't eaten for days and thus felt very weak.
Ella decidió ir al trabajo, aunque no se estaba sintiendo bien.
Ella no había comido por días y por lo tanto se sentía muy débil.
even if - incluso si
so - entonces
x
x
x Even if he’s right, that doesn’t give him the right to be arrogant.
x His car broke down, so he took it to a garage.
Incluso si él tiene razón, eso no le da el derecho de ser arrogante.
Su coche se descompuso, entonces lo llevó a un taller mecánico.
x I will finish the project by tomorrow, even if I have to work all night.
x She was a little fat, so she decided to go on a diet.
Terminaré el proyecto para mañana, aun si tengo que trabajar toda la noche.
Ella estaba un poco gorda, entonces decidió comenzar una dieta
5 6
consequently - por lo tanto, en consecuencia
x They were not having fun; however they stayed until the party was over.
x Ellos no se estaban divirtiendo; sin embargo se quedaron hasta que la fiesta terminó.
x They were found guilty and consequently sent to prison. x He doesn't study much; however he gets good grades at school.
Se los encontró culpables y por lo tanto fueron enviados a prisión. El no estudia mucho; sin embargo obtiene buenas notas en la escuela.
x They argued all the time, consequently they eventually got divorced. nonetheless / nevertheless - sin embargo
Ellos discutían todo el tiempo, por lo tanto, finalmente se divorciaron.
then - entonces x
x It was very stormy; nevertheless we went fishing.
x Estaba muy tormentoso; sin embargo fuimos de pesca.
x If it is not here, then it's lost. x She had no experience; nonetheless she got the job.
Si no está aquí, entonces está perdido. Ella no tenía experiencia; sin embargo consiguió el trabajo.
x If you like those shoes, then why don't you buy them? yet / even so - sin embargo, aun así
Si te gustan esos zapatos, entonces ¿porqué no los compras?
moreover - además x
x He was a very good swimmer; even so, he drowned.
x El era un muy buen nadador; aún así, se ahogó.
x Soccer is a good sport; moreover, it is very easy to learn. x He wanted to reply to that accusation, yet he didn't.
El fútbol es un buen deporte; además es muy fácil aprenderlo. El quer ía contestar a esa acusación; sin embargo no lo hizo.
x They work very hard; moreover, they do a very good job. still - sin embargo
Ellos trabajan muy duro; además hacen un buen trabajo.
furthermore - además x
x Jack didn't study for the test; still he managed to pass it.
x Jack no estudió para la prueba, no obstante, logró aprobarlo.
x He is perfect for the job; furthermore, he is the only applicant. x He can not speak very well; still he understands everything.
El es perfecto para el puesto; además, es el único postulante. No puede hablar muy bien, sin embargo, entiende todo.
x I dont want stay here; furthermore, I have things to do. instead - en su lugar, en lugar de ello
No quiero quedarme aquí; además, tengo cosas que hacer.
besides - además x
x I was invited to a party on Saturday, but went to bed instead.
x Fui invitado a una fiesta el sábado, pero me fui a dormir en lugar de ello.
x I don't like that house; besides, it's too expensive for me. x I am not going out tonight. Instead, I will stay home and cook something.
No me gusta esa casa; además es demasiado cara para mí. No saldré esta noche. En cambio, me quedaré en casa y cocinaré algo.
x I don't want to sell my car; besides, I need it for my job. on the contrary - por el contrario
No quiero vender mi auto; además lo necesito pra mi trabajo.
in addition to - además de x
x The boy is not dumb; on the contrary, he's very smart for his age.
x El muchacho no es tonto; al contrario él es muy inteligente para su edad.
x In addition to being a great person, the physician was an excellent professional. x Condors are solitary birds. On the contrary, seagulls live in flocks.
Además de ser una gran persona, el médico era un excelente profesional. Los cóndores son aves solitarias. Por el contrario, las gaviotas viven en bandadas.
x Mrs. Baker had a great interest in literature, in addition to her interest in music. because - porque
La Sra. Baker tenía un gran interés por la literatura, además de su interés por la música.
but - pero x
x The baby is crying because he is hungry.
x El bebé está llorando porque tiene hambre.
x He spoke clearly, but I didn't understand him. x They want to come because they want to see me.
Habló claramente pero no lo entendí Ellos quieren venir porque quieren verme.
x She saw me, but she didn't recognize me. for - porque
Ella me vió pero no me reconoció.
however - sin embargo x
x We'll have to stay home, for it is raining outside.
x Tendremos que quedarnos en casa porque est á lloviendo afuera.
7 8
so as not to - para no
x She turned on the lights, for she was afraid of the dark.
Encendió las luces porque tenía miedo a la oscuridad. x
because of - debido a x He took a nap so as not to be too tired for the party.
Tomó una siesta para no estar demasiado cansado para la fiesta.
x x She wrote down his address so as not to forget it.
x They stayed in because of the bad weather.
Ella anotó su dirección para no olvidarla.
Ellos se quedaron en casa debido al mal tiempo.
in order to - para
x She can not play sports because of her illness.
Ella no puede hacer deportes debido a su enfermedad. x
since - puesto que, ya que x They left early in order to arrive in time for the movie.
Ellos salieron temprano para llegar a tiempo para la película
x x We are working harder in order to earn more money.
x He won't understand, since he doesn't speak English.
Estamos trabajando más duro para ganar más dinero
No entender á, puesto que no habla inglés.
x They decided to go to sleep, since it was very late.
Decidieron irse a dormir, puesto que era muy tarde.
as - puesto que, ya que
x
x She failed to pass the exam, as she made many mistakes.
No pudo pasar el examen, puesto que cometi ó muchos errores.
x They couldn't find us, as they didn't have our address.
No pudieron encontrarnos, ya que no tenían nuestra dirección.
due to / owing to - debido a
x
x The unemployment was high due to the economic crisis.
El desempleo era alto debido a la crisis económica.
x They had a delay owing to the traffic jam.
Tuvieron una demora debido al embotellamiento de tráfico.
so - entonces
x
x So, tell me what you think about my new dress!
Entonces, dime que piensas acerca de mi nuevo vestido!
x George knew he had to wake up early so he went to bed at 8pm.
George sabía que tenía que levantarse temprano, entonces se fue a la cama a las 8pm .
so that - para que
x
x He gave her a present so that she would feel better.
El le dió un regalo para que ella se sintiera mejor.
x You should study more so that you can pass the exam.
Deberías estudiar más duro para que puedas aprobar el exámen.
so as to - para que, de manera que
x
x We moved the table so as to have more space for dancing.
Mudamos la mesa para tener más espacio para bailar.
x Jack opened the window so as to let in the sunlight.
Jack abrió la ventana para dejar entrar la luz del sol.
9 10
Exam speaking: Describe a photo or picture – tips
ERRORES MÁS COMUNES EN LAS REDACCIONES
In some speaking exams you have to talk about photos or pictures. Watch
the video of two students doing this task on our website. The tips below 1. People is Æ People en inglés es plural. Por tanto, se dice “people are” (la gente es)
will help you to do really well in this type of speaking exam. 2. The people are Æ El “the” se elimina en nombres genéricos como people o cuando
generalizamos. Por ejemplo:
Peple are intelligent (La gente es inteligente) / Men are tall (los hombres son altos)
Do:
3. Much (mucho/a para incontables) / Many (muchos/as para incontables) / Very (muy).
x Look at your picture carefully and take a few moments to think before you start talking. Ejemplos: much water / many tables / she is very intelligent.
4. Los adjetivos van delante del nombre. Por ejemplo
x Talk for all the time you are given. If you have one minute to do the task, use every second.
Coche nuevo Æ new car (sería incorrecto decir “car new”)
x Practise the useful language below so you can explain which part of the picture you are talking 5. Después de like, love y hate el verbo se escribe en gerundio, excepto si “love, like y
about. hate” van en condicional. Por ejemplo:
I like singing (Me gusta cantar) / I would like to sing (me gustaría cantar).
6. Los verbos en ingles siempre lleva sujeto, aunque en español pueda quitarse porque se
Don’t: sobreentienda. Por ejemplo:
x Panic if you don’t know the words for all the things in the picture. You don’t need to know all the (Ellos) trabajan duro (they work hard) En español “ellos” puede quitarse, en inglés
words for everything in the picture if you know what to say when you don’t know an exact word. nunca.
7. Las fechas en inglés se dicen con la preposición “on”, al igual que los días de la semana.
x Get distracted and start talking about something else. Focus on the photo or picture.
Por ejemplo:
x Panic if your mind goes blank. Take a deep breath, look at the picture and start again. El 5 de septiembre Æ On 5th September
El lunes / martes Æ On Monday / Tuesday.
8. Después de preposición el verbo en inglés se escribe en gerundio. Por ejemplo:
I earn money for eating (Gano dinero para comer).
9. “En casa” o “en mi casa” en inglés se dice “at home”. Por ejemplo:
If you are asked to describe a photo or a picture in the exam, here is some language you can use:
I like eating at home (me gusta comer en casa / en mi casa)
What is in the picture? In the picture I can see ... 10. Los adjetivos en inglés son invariables. No llevan plural. Por ejemplo:
There’s / There are ... They are very intelligent (nunca se podría decir intelligents).
There isn’t a ... / There aren’t any ... 11. Un deporte después del verbo “go” se expresa en – ing. Por ejemplo:
We usually go walking / They sometimes go running.
Say what is happening with the The man is ...ing 12. El comparative de superioridad se puede formar añadiendo “–er” a los adjetivos cortos o
present continuous The people are ...ing escribiendo “more” antes de los adjetivos largos. Por ejemplo:
It’s raining. John is taller than James (nunca podríamos decir “more tall”)
John is more intelligent than James (nunca podría ser intelligenter)
Where in the picture? At the top/bottom of the picture ...
13. El verbo “esperar” en ingles se expresa de varias formas:
In the middle of the picture ...
- Tener esperanza (I hope you to win Æ espero que ganes)
On the left/right of the picture ...
- Esperar a algo o alguien (I am wainting for you Æ te estoy esperando)
next to
- Esperar algo de alguien (I expect you to pass Æ espero que apruebes)
in front of
14. “Meet” significa “quedar” o “quedar con” y no es necesario añadir “with”(con). Por
behind
ejemplo:
near
I usually meet my friends at night (normalmente quedo con mis amigos de noche).
on top of
under
15. New year Æ año nuevo / Christmas EveÆNoche Buena / New Year’s EveÆnoche vieja
If something isn’t clear It looks like a ...
It might be a ...
He could be ...ing
Maybe it’s a ...
INGLES
ESPAÑOL
FALSOS AMIGOS INGLÉS/ESPAÑOL
EQUIVALENCIA FALSA TRADUCCIÓN
WĂƌƚϭͲ ϯƋƵĞƐƚŝŽŶƐ͕ϯϬƐĞĐƐ ĞĂĐŚ

ƉƚŝƐ ^ƉĞĂŬŝŶŐ
dĞůůŵĞĂďŽƵƚǇŽƵƌŶŐůŝƐŚĐŽƵƌƐĞ͘
tŚĂƚĚŝĚǇŽƵĚŽůĂƐƚǁĞĞŬĞŶĚ͍
tŚŝĐŚƐƉŽƌƚƐĚŽǇŽƵůŝŬĞƚŽƉůĂǇ͍
WĂƌƚϭͲ ϯƋƵĞƐƚŝŽŶƐ͕ϯϬƐĞĐƐ ĞĂĐŚ WŚƌĂƐĞƐĨŽƌŐŝǀŝŶŐŽƉŝŶŝŽŶ
/ƚŚŝŶŬƚŚĂƚ͕/ďĞůŝĞǀĞƚŚĂƚ
tŚĂƚĚŽǇŽƵĚŽŝŶǇŽƵƌƐƉĂƌĞƚŝŵĞ͍
/ŶŵǇŽƉŝŶŝŽŶ
tŚĂƚ͛ƐƚŚĞǁĞĂƚŚĞƌůŝŬĞƚŽĚĂǇ͍ &ƌŽŵŵǇƉŽŝŶƚŽĨǀŝĞǁͬŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ
/ŶĨĂĐƚ͕
WůĞĂƐĞƚĞůůŵĞĂďŽƵƚǇŽƵƌũŽď͘ ƐĨĂƌĂƐ/ƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚ
WĞƌƐŽŶĂůůǇ
/ŶŵǇĞǆƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞ
^ŽŵĞƉĞŽƉůĞƐĂǇƚŚĂƚ͘͘͘͘͘͘/ƚŝƐƚŚŽƵŐŚƚƚŚĂƚ͘͘͘͘
/ƚŝƐĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞĚƚŚĂƚ
Core Inventory
A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 The Inventory represents the core
Functions Directions Describing habits and routines Checking understanding Critiquing and reviewing Conceding a point of English language taught at Common
Describing habits and routines Describing past experiences Describing experiences and events Describing experiences Critiquing and reviewing constructively European Framework of Reference
Giving personal information Describing people Describing feelings and emotion Describing feelings and emotions Defending a point of view persuasively
Describing places Developing an argument systematically
(CEFR) levels A1 to C1 in English. Only
Greetings Describing places Describing hopes and plans
Telling the time Describing things Expressing opinions; language of Developing an argument Emphasizing a point, feeling, issue the features most commonly included
Understanding and using numbers Obligation and necessity agreeing and disagreeing Encouraging and inviting another Expressing attitudes and feelings at each level have been listed. In any
Understanding and using prices Requests Initiating and closing conversation speaker to continue, come in precisely particular context, teachers and syllabus
Suggestions Managing interaction (interrupting, Expressing abstract ideas Expressing certainty, probability, doubt writers would add other language points
changing topic, resuming or Expressing agreement and Expressing opinions tentatively,
continuing) disagreement hedging to this minimal core, based upon an
Expressing opinions Expressing reaction, e.g. indifference analysis of the needs and interests
Expressing reaction, e.g. indifference Expressing shades of opinion and of the learners concerned. Decisions
Interacting informally, reacting, certainty on recycling of language have also been
expressing interest, sympathy, Responding to counterarguments
surprise etc. Speculating and hypothesising about left to teachers and syllabus writers.
Opinion, justification causes, consequences etc. The inventory can also be used
Speculating Synthesising, evaluating and glossing by learners as a guide to essential
Taking the initiative in interaction information language for self-directed study.
Synthesizing, evaluating, glossing info
Grammar Adjectives: common and demonstrative Adjectives – comparative, – use of Adverbs Adjectives and adverbs Futures (revision) Teaching not testing
Adverbs of frequency than and definite article Broader range of intensifiers such Future continuous Inversion with negative adverbials The core inventory has been created
Comparatives and superlatives Adjectives – superlative – use of as too, enough Future perfect Mixed conditionals in past, present with teachers and learners in mind. Each
Going to definite article Comparatives and superlatives Future perfect continuous and future language point appears at the level(s) at
How much/how many and very Adverbial phrases of time, place Complex question tags Mixed conditionals Modals in the past
common uncountable nouns and frequency – including word order Conditionals, 2nd and 3rd Modals – can’t have, needn’t have Narrative tenses for experience, which it is considered of most relevance
I’d like Adverbs of frequency Connecting words expressing Modals of deduction and speculation incl. passive to the learner in the classroom.
Imperatives (+/-) Articles – with countable and cause and effect, contrast etc. Narrative tenses Passive forms, all Language testers should note that
Intensifiers - very basic uncountable nouns Future continuous Passives Phrasal verbs, especially splitting learners are not expected to have
Modals: can/can’t/could/couldn’t Countables and Uncountables: Modals - must/can’t deduction Past perfect Wish/if only regrets
Past simple of “to be” much/many Modals – might, may, will, probably Past perfect continuous
mastery of the language points at that
Past Simple Future Time (will and going to) Modals – should have/might have/etc Phrasal verbs, extended stage. What we teach, what learners can
Possessive adjectives Gerunds Modals: must/have to Relative clauses do with the language, and what we test
Possessive s Going to Past continuous Reported speech in examinations are not always identical.
Prepositions, common Imperatives Past perfect Will and going to, for prediction
Prepositions of place Modals – can/could Past simple Wish
Prepositions of time, including in/on/at Modals – have to Past tense responses Would expressing habits, in the past Development methodology
Present continuous Modals – should Phrasal verbs, extended A number of sources were drawn on,
Present simple Past continuous Present perfect continuous including:
Pronouns: simple, personal Past simple Present perfect/past simple Q an analysis of the language implied
Questions Phrasal verbs – common Reported speech (range of tenses)
There is/are Possessives – use of ‘s, s’ Simple passive by CEFR descriptors
To be, including question+negatives Prepositional phrases (place, time Wh- questions in the past Q an analysis of content common to
Verb + ing: like/hate/love and movement) Will and going to, for prediction various CEFR-based language school
Prepositions of time: on/in/at syllabuses and popular coursebooks
Present continuous
Present continuous for future
for English, and
Present perfect Q a teacher survey.
Questions
Verb + ing/infinitive: like/ Status
want-would like
The Inventory documents current best
Wh-questions in past
Zero and 1st conditional practice, and can be used in conjunction
with databases of learner language like
the forthcoming English Profile.
Discourse Connecting words, and, but, because Linkers: sequential – past time Connecting words expressing Connecting words expressing cause Linking devices, logical markers
Markers cause and effect, contrast etc and effect, contrast etc. Markers to structure and signpost
Linkers: sequential past time Discourse markers to structure formal and informal speech
fromal speech and writing
Linkers: although, in spite of, despite
Linkers: sequential – past time –
subsequently
Vocabulary Food and drink Adjectives: personality, description, Collocation Collocation Approximating (vague language)
Nationalities and countries feelings Colloquial language Colloquial language Collocation
Personal information Food and drink Things in the town, shops and Colloquial language
Things in the town, shops and shopping Things in the town, shops and shopping shopping Differentiated use of vocabulary
Verbs – basic Travel and services Travel and services Eliminating false friends
Formal and informal registers
Idiomatic expressions
Topics Family life Education Books and literature Arts Arts

Hobbies and pastimes Hobbies and pastimes Education Books and literature Books and literature
Holidays Holidays Film Education Film
Leisure activities Leisure activities Leisure activities Film Media
Shopping Shopping Media Media News, lifestyles and current affairs
Work and jobs Work and jobs News, lifestyles and current affairs News, lifestyles and current affairs Scientific developments
Technical and legal language
10 11
WŚƌĂƐĞƐĨŽƌĐŽŵƉĂƌŝŶŐ
/ŶƚŚĞĨŝƌƐƚƉŝĐƚƵƌĞͬŽŶĞ
/ŶƚŚĞƐĞĐŽŶĚƉŝĐƚƵƌĞͬŽŶĞ
KŶƚŚĞŽŶĞŚĂŶĚ͙͘͘ŽŶƚŚĞŽƚŚĞƌŚĂŶĚ͙͘͘
tŚĞƌĞĂƐ;ƚŚĞŽƉƉŽƐŝƚĞͿ͕ǁŚŝůĞ͕ďƵƚ
ŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽ
/ŶĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚ
dŚĞƌĞĂƌĞƐĞǀĞƌĂůƐŝŵŝůĂƌŝƚŝĞƐ͘͘͘͘͘dŚĞƌĞĂƌĞĂĨĞǁ
ĚŝĨĨĞƌĞŶĐĞƐ

41 Checking understanding 46 Discourse Markers 55 Verb forms Q They had already paid by the time 89 Conditionals 106 Modals: Possibility
B1 From speaker’s point of view 48 Linkers: sequential – past time (later) 66 Past I asked for the bill. 90 Zero and first conditional 109 Might, may, will, probably
Q Is that clear? Q He finished the e-mail and then went out 67 Simple past Q Ahmed had just arrived. Q If you heat water, it boils. Q I might be half an hour late.
2 Functions/ notions Q Well, actually . . .
Q Do you follow me?
for a while. Q When he fell, he cut his leg Q If you press this button, it switches off. Q Petra will probably be late too.
19 Describing places Q Well not really. 73 Future
Q Later, he looked at it again, to see Q If we don’t tell him, he’ll be angry. She’s usually late.
Q Cairo is the capital city of Egypt. It is Q Do you know what I mean? Q I went to London on Sunday and 76 Future time (will & going to)
Q I’m sorry but I think you’re wrong. if he had missed anything important.
on the banks of the River Nile. It has someone stole my camera. (Prediction) Q What will he do if he doesn’t find a job? Q We may go to Egypt this year.
Q Do you understand?
a population of more than 10 million Q I see what you mean but . . . Q After that, he changed the text a little. Q They had so much fun that they forgot Q If they continue to play this badly, Q We’ll go swimming if the water is Q Are you going to have a party in your
From listeners point of view
people. Cairo has a rich history. 33 Talking about films and books Q Finally he spellchecked it and sent it. to check what the time was. Liverpool are going to lose the cup. warm enough. new flat? I don’t know. I may, I may not.
The famous pyramids and the sphinx Q I’m sorry, did you say “. . .”?
Q Meryl Streep was brilliant. Q Spurs will probably win the league 110 Must/can’t (deduction)
are located just outside the city. 49 Connecting words expressing cause 68 Past continuous 91 Second and third conditional
Q Is this what you are saying? . . . this season.
Q It was difficult to follow. and effect, contrast etc. Q It happened while I was watching Q If I won the lottery I’d buy a big house Q Mohamed can’t be at home yet, I saw
20 Describing past experiences and Q I’m not sure I understand. Are you Q On the other hand, we could stay television yesterday. Q Look at those clouds. It’s going to rain. in the countryside. him leave just a few minutes ago.
Q It was set in Chicago.
storytelling saying that . . . ? at home and watch television.
Q It was about a woman who went Q I was coming home from work when Q He will pass his driving test eventually. Q What would you do if they asked you Q I don’t believe it. It can’t be true.
Q Last year we went to Thailand for our
Q Do you mean . . . ? Q However, this depends on the number the car in front of me suddenly stopped. to work in America?
holidays. We visited many interesting around the world. 77 Future continuous Q That must be Brigitte’s father. She told
places. I went scuba-diving while my 42 Managing interaction (interrupting, of people you’ve invited. Q Car “A” was coming from a side street. me he was coming.
Q If you like action movies you will like Q I’ll be working late tomorrow. Q I would have told Jim, if I had seen him.
boyfriend went on an elephant ride. this one changing topic, resuming or continuing) Q Therefore, it is cheaper to take the bus. The driver wanted to turn left. The other Q You’ve just walked all the way from
Q He’ll be arriving on the last train Q If we hadn’t gone out last night, we
We also tried lots of different kinds Interrupting car was coming along the road. It was Oxford Street. You must be tired.
Q It had a happy ending. 52 Markers to structure informal spoken from Manchester. wouldn’t have missed them.
of food. We had a great time. Q Sorry, to interrupt you but . . . moving really fast. The driver of car “A”
Q I think you should read this book. discourse Q My girlfriend would have killed me 111 Modals: Obligation & Necessity
didn’t see it. They hit each other. 80 Present Perfect
21 Describing feelings, emotions, Q I have a question. Q Right. if I’d forgotten her birthday.
Q I liked this book because . . . 114 Must/have to
attitudes Q Really? 69 Used to 81Present perfect
Q Could I interrupt here? 94 Phrasal Verbs Q I really must lose some weight before
Q He felt a little nervous about the exam. 39 Discourse Functions Q They used to live in Portugal. Q She’s just gone to the shop.
Q Do you mind if I say something? Q Well, anyway . . . the holiday.
Q I’m fed up with this British food. Q 40 Initiating and closing conversation Q I used to have a really nice wallet, Q I’ve started but I haven’t finished it yet. 96 Extended phrasal verbs
Q Oh I know. Q Passengers must not put their feet
Initiating: Q Could I just say something? but I lost it. Q He turned the jobs down.
Q We should all use public transport Q He still hasn’t arrived. on the seats.
Q Yes, I suppose so.
as much as possible. Q Hi! My name’s Paula. What’s your name? Q Sorry, I just wanted to say . . . Q When I went to primary school I used Q They made the story up.
Q I know how you feel to walk to school with a friend, but my 82 Present perfect, past simple Q I can’t come tonight because I have
Q I’m sorry to hear that. Q Excuse me- can I talk to you for Changing the topic Q She switched the light on.
mother used to collect me in the Q I’ve been to Thailand twice. I went to meet my cousin.
a minute? Q You know, I don’t like her either.
Q Anyway, . . . afternoons. there in 2003 and 2007. Have you 97 Passives
29 Expressing opinions Q I have to make an appointment this
Q Excuse me, please. Have you got Q By the way, there’s something else I 59 Questions Q I never used /didn’t use to like olives, been there? 98 Simple passive
Q I think England will win the World Cup week. It hurts!
a minute? wanted to tell you. 61 Wh-questions in the past but now I love them. Q He’s won every match so far. Q The lock was broken.
Q I don’t think he is old enough 116 Ought to
Q Excuse me, please. I wonder if you could Resuming a conversation Q Who did you see at the party?
to get married. 70 Would expressing habit in the past Q He won every tournament last year. Q The trees were damaged by the storm. Q I really ought to spend less money.
help me.
Q Anyway, . . . Q How long have you been studying Q Every night I would tell my little brother
Q In my opinion, it’s too expensive. Q I’ve had about 9 cars. Q Rome wasn’t built in a day. Q You ought to inform the police.
Q Let me introduce myself. Q Anyway, what was I saying? English? a story and he would fall asleep in
31 Expressing agreement/ disagreement the middle. Q We went out together for six months. Q My parents will be worried. I ought
Q Guess what! Q What were we talking about? Q Why did you get the tattoo? 100 Other verb forms
Q I think so too. Q During the summer holiday we would Q When I was at school I studied French
to phone.
Q You will never believe what Q To get back to what I was saying . . . Q What happened then? 101 Reported speech (range of tenses)
Q You’re right get up early and go to the beach. for about 5 years. 117 Need to
I saw yesterday Continuing Q She said she liked brown bread.
Q What have you been doing since you Q I need to get back to work.
Q Anyway, . . . 71 Past perfect Q I have studied French since I was Q He asked if she wanted to go home.
Q Exactly! Closing: left school?
Q The train had left when I got to the
14 years old. Q Do you really need to wear such
Q Yes, I agree. Q It’s been nice talking to you. Bye. Q So, as I was saying . . . Q John told them the machine
62 Complex question tags station. old jeans?
Q Okay, . . . 83 Present perfect continuous was working.
Q I think you are absolutely right. Q I’m sorry. I’ve got to go now. Q He hasn’t come home yet, has he?
Q When I got home, Joan had already Q How long have you been playing tennis? Q Do we need to buy tickets before we
Q She explained that she’d lost my
Q So do/am I. Q Must go – see you later. Q He built the house himself, didn’t he? cooked supper. get on the train?
Q It’s been raining non-stop for two telephone number.
Q Neither do I. Q See you later. Take care. days now.
Q He’s been working on the report
all morning.
52 53 54 55
118 Modals: Past 155 (Adjectives and) adverbs Q The maths test was unbelievably easy. 189 Topics 27 Synthesizing, evaluating, glossing Q Fantastic idea!
119 Should have, might have/etc. Q She’s a good singer. She sings really well. Q That’s much too difficult for a B1 test. 195 Leisure activities
B2 information
Q Brilliant!
Q To sum up, the government will need
Q We had a great time in Crete. You should Q The instructions were not very clear. 196 Education 2 Functions/ notions Q He was born in a little village in the
166 Lexis to cut spending for the next five years. Q Great!
have come with us. North East of Estonia on the 22nd
Q My mother has been working too 197 Film 20 Describing experiences Q Whatever.
170 Things in the town, shops of October, 1928. Q All in all, it was a miserable performance.
Q The letter should have come yesterday. hard recently. Q I was walking the dog in the park when
and shopping 198 Books and literature Q That’s ridiculous!
I heard a loud crash. I looked in the Q My degree was in economics, Q To be fair, it was his own fault for parking
Q They might have arrived already. Q This cheese is a bit hard. Q It fits really well but do you think 199 News, lifestyles and current affairs specialising in finance. where he shouldn’t have. Q How’s that possible?
it suits me? direction of the noise and saw that
Q She might have gone home. 156 Adverbial phrases of degree/extent, 200 Media a huge tree had fallen down. There were Q You need to place the pizza dough in Q In short, they were better than us Q Really?
probability Q I need to get some toothpaste from a warm bowl, cover it with a cloth or
134 Articles some people screaming and calling at promoting their ideas
Q The water was extremely cold. the chemist’s in the shopping mall. place it somewhere warm, leave it to rise Q No way! I don’t believe it.
138 With countable and uncountable for help and some children were trapped
Q He speaks very quickly. Q Can you hold on while I get a magazine under one of the fallen branches. for 30 minutes or until it doubles in size. 28 Speculating
nouns 33 Critiquing and reviewing
from this newsagent? Q I wonder if John will be going to the
Q Don’t go in the water. It’s freezing. Q He speaks too quickly. 21 Describing feelings and emotions 24 Expressing abstract ideas Q I think that ‘Treasure Island’ is still popular
party.
Q There will probably be some speeches 171 Travel and services vocabulary Q Corruption is widespread in that part with children even though the language
Q I would like milk in my tea. Q He was furious when he saw that his new
of the world. Q If she got the nomination, she could is rather dated.
after the meal. Q I’m sorry, we don’t accept cheques. bicycle had been damaged.
Q He was wearing black jeans. probably win if she gathered enough
Q He’ll definitely win. Do you have a debit or credit card? Q There is little respect for human rights Q In spite of its popularity I feel that ‘The
Q She screamed in anger at how stupid support from the community.
140 Determiners during war time. Beach’ is a very overrated book which
Q You need to check in at least two hours her brother had been.
157 Comparative and superlative form Q What do you think would happen if they appeals mainly to gap-year students.
143 Broad range (e.g. all the, most, both) of adverbs before departure. Q Heather was delighted with her shot Q Education is the way out of poverty did discover oil there?
Q All the seats are taken. for many young people. Q The film was a bit disappointing, really.
Q Paula got ready more quickly than Q The gate number will be announced and her face glowed with pride.
Q What if Teresa hadn’t turned up?
Q We haven’t got enough paper the others. on the monitor in the departure lounge. Q The best part was when …..
Q Why should we suffer just because 25 Expressing certainty, probability, doubt
for everyone. Q Jenson Button was faster in practice. 29 Expressing opinions
179 Contrasting opinions our neighbours like loud parties? Q I’m absolutely certain it’s going to rain. Q It was really good when ….
Q Several people are waiting. Q If I were you, I’d just say no.
Q I’m afraid he’s getting worse. (on the one hand…) Q I don’t think it’s right for passengers Q It’s impossible to get him out of bed 34 Developing an argument
144 Adjectives Q The person who most frequently got Q On the one hand, he is good with people. to put their feet on the seats. before 10 o’clock. Q From her point of view, we have to do
Q To begin with it’s a bigger problem
ill was Angela. On the other hand he does not think this as soon as possible
148 Collocation of adjective Q He’s probably gone to the library. than you think.
before he speaks. 22 Describing hopes and plans
Q I didn’t want to wake him from his Q Stig worked the hardest. Q The way I see it is that you’ll have to
Q I am having a meeting with my boss Q We’re definitely not going to Spain Q As far as I am concerned this has
Q Even though he earns very little study very hard.
deep sleep. Q Marie did the worst in the exam. he is always very generous. on Friday. this year. nothing to do with the issue.
Q The student produced some really Q Are you sure we will arrive in time? Q I feel we should do it.
Q Paulo did the best at maths. Q Mind you, he is still very fit. Q How are you going to get to France? Q The way I see it, the family is more
high quality work. Q I really don’t think it’s a good idea. important.
160 Intensifiers 181 Collocation Q How long are you going to Jamaica for? 26 Generalising and qualifying
Q We couldn’t get to work because I’d love to see the photos when you Q On the whole I think it is a good idea. 31 Expressing agreement/ disagreement Q That’s the reason I don’t want to work
163 Broader range of intensifiers Q I’m going to take a quick shower.
of the heavy snow. get back. Q That’s just what I was thinking. there anymore.
(such as too, so enough) Q Generally speaking, the teachers are
Q There was a strong smell of coffee Q Its midnight but I still feel wide awake.
Q He’s a really good driver. Q I’ll call you soon. very helpful Q You know, that’s exactly what I think. In academic discourse style:
in the room. Q There’s a good chance he’ll be late. Q More often than not he shops in the Q One reason why…
Q Do we have enough cake to go round? Q I am going to go around the world Q I totally agree.
151 Adverbs 182 Colloquial language when I’ve saved enough money High Street. Q Another argument for/against . . . is . . .
Q He came back so suddenly.
Q That’s a good point.
154 Adverbial phrases of time, place Q That’s a really cool top you’re wearing. Q Taking into consideration the cost of
Q She’s so intelligent it’s scary. Q I hope to get a job in Australia next year. Q X maintains that . . .
and frequency including word order travel, you might not want to buy a flat Q No I’m afraid I can’t agree with you there.
Q My boss is nice but he talks really posh.
Q The ball was just too fast. Q I’ve always wanted to visit the Taj Mahal. so far away. Q Y states that . . .
Q We usually go abroad in summer. Q The kids had a brilliant time at the zoo. Q You can’t be serious!
Q He’s quite good at science. 23 Giving precise information Q We’ll stay for a week or two, depending Q It could be argued/asserted that . . .
Q I have never been abroad. Q Don’t be silly!
Q I’ll meet you at 2pm in the children’s on the cost. Q In conclusion . . .
Q He stayed behind yesterday.
164 Wide range (such as extremely, Q That’s ridiculous.
section of Waterstones in Oxford Street. Q Provided that there is no rain, the
much too) 39 Discourse Functions
Q They often play upstairs. Q We did quite well. Q In my job I mainly have to deal concert will go ahead as planned. 32 Expressing reaction, e.g. indifference
41 Checking understanding
with clients, particularly arranging Q Why ask me?
Q I’ve got a terribly difficult decision From speaker’s point of view
and following up on orders.
to make. Q Thank gooodness Q Are you following me?
56 57 58 59
Q Let me know if you have any questions? Q Pilar, would you like to kick off? Invitation in one-to-one interaction Q Consequently, he moved to London trying to get home but the buses were Q Will you be using the car tomorrow? tomorrow. to be compulsory, has now been
Q Does that make sense? Q Shall we begin? Q Don’t you agree?
to be closer to his family. not running. He was just crossing the Q She wished she hadn’t hurt his feelings.
dropped from the syllabus.
78 Future perfect
bridge to safety when he heard the Q She told us all about her new boyfriend,
From listener’s point of view During the meeting Q Is that okay with you? 50 Linkers: although, in spite of, despite Q I’d better go and collect the girls. 94 Phrasal Verbs
sound of breaking glass. He was telling whom none of us knew anything about.
Q If I understood/understand you correctly, Q In spite of her illness during the course, himself not to get involved when They’ll have finished school by now.
Q Jenny, can tell us how the Q How about you? 96 Extended phrasal verb
there are no planes at all on Saturday. Human Resources reorganisation she managed to qualify successfully. a bottle smashed right beside him. Q I’ll call you at six. Will you have arrived Q They ran quickly through the streets,
Q What do you reckon/think? Q Let’s splash out on a bottle of
Q Do you mean I can’t talk to the boss is coming along? Q Despite the rain we all had a great time. by then? all of which were covered in a thick
69 Used to (narrative) champagne. blanket of snow.
right now? Invitation in group interaction
Q How does that affect your Q Although I was very young at the time, Q We used to play at the park at the edge Q She won’t have left by then. Q Watching that programme has put me
Q Are you trying to say you don’t want department, Rosa? Q What do you think, Mario? I remember what happened quite clearly. 118 Modals
of the town. 79 Future perfect continuous off chicken.
to go out with me anymore? Q Let’s hear what Gabriella has to say.
Q Let’s move on, shall we? 53 Discourse markers to structure formal 119 Modals of Deduction and Speculation
70 Would expressing habit in the past Q Julia will have been studying Economics Q I’ll take you up on that offer.
Q Let me see whether I’ve understood Q You shouldn’t have read her journal.
Keeping interaction participants on topic Q James might have something to say speech for 5 years when she graduates next
you correctly. Q Every autumn we would steal apples
on this. Q To begin, I would like to introduce
97 Passives It should be private.
Q We don’t have time to go into that matter from their garden. We would eat year.
Q So what you‘re really saying is . . . my colleagues. 99 All passive forms
right now. Q Fiona knows a lot about this. the sour fruit and come home holding Q You should have asked her earlier.
Q You’ll have been travelling for 4 days
Q Am I right in assuming . . . Q Furthermore, I believe that the best way our stomachs. Q I’m being eaten alive by these It’s too late now.
Q Let’s get back to the issue under Q Hey, you did something like that, when you get to Bangkok. You’d better
forward is to provide more training. book a hotel and have a couple of mosquitoes. Q He shouldn’t have any problem doing
42 Managing interaction (interrupting, discussion, shall we? didn’t you? 71 Past perfect
changing topic, resuming or continuing) Q Moreover, the idea that depression can days rest. Q I wasn’t told about the new rules. such a simple task. (Assumption)
Q hat’s another topic, really. 45 Interacting informally, reacting, Q When I’d climbed to the top of the hill,
Interrupting only be cured by medication is now I looked back down and saw something Q I thought that I was being followed. Q The plane should have arrived by
Q Can we keep to the point, please. expressing interest, sympathy, surprise 80 Present Perfect
Q Actually, . . . being challenged. I hadn’t seen before. now. (Assumption)
Q Wow, that’s fantastic. 83 Present perfect continuous Q Did you think that you were being
Q Let’s not get distracted.
Q I’m sorry but . . . Q Consequently, we have to be prepared Q He had broken the vase when he Q You’ve been spending a lot of time criticised? Q I knew we might have to pay to get in.
Q Really? Tell me more.
Q Taking initiative in non-control situation for a fall in profits next year. had come in through the window. on the Internet recently.
Q Just a minute! Q The new treatment for malaria has been Q You shouldn’t have shouted at him.
Q Tell me all about it.
Q Yes, I know, but . . . ! Q I’d like to say a few words here. Q Regarding our position on nuclear Q He had had a terrible day up until that Q They’ve been working very hard to get found to be very effective. He might have hit you.
Q I don’t believe it! power, that has not changed.
Q Hang on! Q Yes, I think I can contribute to this point. point. building completed on time. Q The weather could have been better
100 Other verb forms
Q Oh wow! Q Additionally, we will also provide support but we still had a good time.
Q Hold on! Q My expertise in this area might help 72 Past perfect continuous Q Honestly, we haven’t been wasting 101 Reported speech (range of tenses)
to clarify the situation. Q Oh you poor thing. throughout the process. our time.
Q I was tired. I’d been working for Q She said she’d been waiting for ages. Q You could have told me!
Q Changing the topic
Q That’s awful. What a shame! Q In conclusion, we have agreed to give sixteen hours. Q Have you been seeing Julie behind
Q Perhaps, I could say something here. Q I knew we’d be late. 120 Modals: can’t have, needn’t have
Q Oh, by the way . . . £3,000 to the charity.
Q They had been driving so fast that the my back?
Q That reminds me . . . 44 Encouraging and inviting another 46 Discourse Markers Q She thought she could do it all herself. Q It can’t have been John you saw,
speaker to continue, come in. 55 Verb forms police had difficulty stopping them. 89 Conditionals because he was with me.
Q This has nothing to do with what we are 48 Linkers: sequential – past time Q They reported that the volcano might
talking about but . . . To continue (subsequently) 67 Simple past (narrative) Q Had they been waiting long? 92 Mixed conditionals Q What can he have done with the keys?
erupt at any time.
Q Carry on. Q Subsequently, he went on to be one Q To help pay for his keep and to help Q If I had studied harder, I’d be at He can’t have lost them again.
Q On another subject.. 73 Future Q They said it should be fun.
of our best salesmen. his family, Andrew, who was still only university now.
Q Go on. 76 Future time (will & going to) Q You needn’t have bothered getting
Q Talking about holidays, did you know that 15 years old, began working ten-hour Q I told her I had to go. here on time. He’s always late.
I’m off to Florida next week? Q Following this he decided to leave (Prediction) Q If I’d got that job I applied for I’d be
Q Really? days at a Kensington hotel washing
the country. Q You will succeed where I have failed. working in Istanbul. 102 Relative clauses
Q Before I forget . . . dishes and cleaning the kitchen. 134 Articles
Q Mmm…mmm…. Q I’ve lost the books that I borrowed from
49 Connecting words expressing cause He earned just 6 pounds per week. Q Here comes the bus now. We aren’t Q I would have driven you to the match
Resuming Q Don’t stop. the library. 139 With abstract nouns
and effect, contrast etc. The harsh working conditions and the going to be late after all. if I didn’t have so much work.
Q Anyway, I was telling you about John’s Q History tended to be uninteresting
Q Tell me more… Q I know it would be good fun to watch cruelty of the kitchen staff had a strong Q Where is the man that sells second-hand when I was at school.
party . . . Q Don’t worry. He’ll be here on time. Q If I wasn’t working in July, I would have
the late-night film. Nevertheless, I think influence on his later political outlook, records?
Q What makes you say that? suggested we go camping in France. Q The early history of Scotland is full
Q To get back to what I was saying . . . we should all get an early night before and informed his work when he began 77 Future continuous (Prediction) Q The children he played with thought of betrayal.
Q What makes you think that? the big event tomorrow. his literary career, particularly the novel 93 Wish
43 Taking the initiative in interaction Q This time next year, I’ll be working he was much younger.
that made him famous, ‘Working Boy’. Q I wish I was rich. Q Happiness in marriage is something
Q I’m all ears. Q I would like to tell you more. However, in Japan and earning good money.
Control and delegation at start Q This is my cousin Verena , who teaches you have to work at.
Q I’m listening. that is as much as I am allowed to reveal 68 Past continuous (narrative) Q I’ll be visiting my mum on Thursday. Q I wish today wasn’t Monday. music.
Q Andre, would you like begin? Q Education is not compulsory in many
at this time. Q Antonio was walking away from the Can you come another time? Q I wish I wasn’t going into hospital Q Shelly and Byron’s poetry, which used developing countries.
crowd when the trouble started. He was
60 61 62 63
Q The education I received was first-rate. Q The story has been told many times 30 Expressing shades of opinion Q What are you trying to say? Q There are several reasons for this: one . . Q He’s not Roger Federer but he is a very
Q Charity begins at home.

before. Nonetheless, it is still a warning C1 and certainty
Q Absolutely!
. , two . . . , and finally . . . good tennis player.
to us all. Q There’s no doubt about the fact that
Q The main reason for this . . . is/may be . . .
2 Functions/ notions 27 Synthesizing, evaluating, Q I don’t believe it. 37 Defending a point of view persuasively
151 Adverbs glossing information there is going to be inflation.
Q Some students continue to live with their Q I know this may not be a popular
21 Expressing attitudes and Q Some people might argue that . . .
155 Adjectives and adverbs parents. However, I prefer to be Q In a nutshell, it was the headmaster Q No, I’m absolutely sure. I mean look Q That’s amazing!
feelings precisely However . . . conclusion, but it seems to me we have
Q He scored a direct hit. independent. who had to take responsibility. at the figure for X. Q Oh, you poor thing. to face (facts/ the fact that . . . )
Q Well it would be all right if they came out
Q Opponents of this idea try to suggest
Q The train goes direct to London without 180 Summarising exponents and said it, but I have a bit of a problem Q To cut a long story short, he ended Q I may be wrong, but I think higher Q You can say that again! Q I do appreciate that what I proposed
that . . . However . . .
even stopping at York. (briefly, all in all . . . ) with . . . up sleeping on my floor. inflation is almost certain. may be expensive/painful/a surprise to
33 Critiquing and reviewing Q It’s clear that . . .
Q There’s no such thing as a free lunch. Q In a word, it was a disaster. Q I don’t really feel comfortable with . . . Q All things considered, I think we’ve made Q I have a feeling there may be some people, but I really am convinced
Q The (report) highlights some important Q No one would dispute that . . .
Q We felt that the idea was in general the best decision. a problem here. the evidence shows we need to . . .
Q Feel free to use it whenever you want. Q I couldn’t care less whether . . . or not. issues but it does not, to my mind,
a good one; the more we spend on Q Another way of putting this would be Q I suppose that could be an option. get to the bottom of the problem. Q It is generally accepted that . . . Q I recognise that this may . . . , but . . .
Q He went straight to work. Q I’m afraid this is something I feel quite
advertising the higher our sales will be. to say . . . Q All the evidence/data indicates/suggests
strongly about. Q I rather doubt that he’ll come. Q It’s an excellent summary, but I think Q But one should not lose sight of the fact
Q Next draw a straight line across the top
Q To sum up, if we can’t make more money Q To recap on what has been said it would be improved by a deeper that . . . that . . .
of the paper. Q Cristina became a vegetarian and her Q It’s not something I feel strongly about
some people will have to lose their jobs so far, . . . consideration of X. Q Thus to conclude, the central issues are .
father had rather mixed feelings about Q But surely one still needs to take X into
158 Attitudinal adverbs Q Well one option/possibility might be
181 Collocation this. Q The (report) sets out to do X, and it does . . /the key point is . . . account
Q Frankly, I couldn’t care less
28 Speculating and hypothesising to go earlier.
Q I’d prefer a dry wine. Q Michael felt completely devastated. about causes, consequences etc. parts of this well, but it seems to me Q In conclusion, before we . . . we need
Q I really think that the people who produce 38 Responding to counterarguments
Q Clearly, he was in the wrong. to lack . . . to . . .
Q The resort has a range of luxury Somebody had deliberately sabotaged Q Supposing he had missed his train? Q What you say may be true in some
our food should not be exploited. But the
Q Apparently, he was in line for promotion. his research but he did not know who Q The good/best thing about (the report) is
accommodation to offer. Q If the pound did drop to parity with the problem is that sometimes fair trade 35 Conceding a point contexts, however in this case….
Q Fortunately, he had a spare pair of shoes could do such a thing. euro, Britain might be better off in the that it is so concise. It really hits the nail
Q He’s a very heavy smoker. goods are more than double the price. Q I see what you mean, but . . . Q You may be right, but I still think
with him. Q When I reached the summit of the long run. When this is the case I tend to buy the o n the head.
Q I’m retaking the exam next week. Q I take your point. I agree we need . . . / that . . ..
160 Intensifiers mountain I felt a great burden had been Q Well if we don’t do something about the cheaper product. I am not proud of this, Q Well, it starts well, but then after x pages/
It’s certainly true that . . . Q Whilst it may indeed be true that . . . ,
182 Colloquial language lifted from my shoulders. My childhood oil spill, there could be a lot more fallout but I am sure there are many other in the section on X, I had the impression
165 Collocation of intensifiers dream had finally come true. Looking Q I have to admit that . . . I still think . . .
Q She’s just been dumped by her than just dead fish. I mean, the water people exactly like me. that it . . .
Q After working all day and all night he was down into the valleys far below I felt Q There is no evidence to show that ….
boyfriend. could be polluted for decades. Q I thought the meeting was a missed Q The plot involves the disappearance Q It is true that . . .
totally exhausted.
a sense of pride in my achievement. Q On the contrary, . . .
Q There’s no hurry. Let’s just chill out for Q If you’d arrived on time, we would opportunity to actually do something of a sacred sword and introduces us Q Though I hate to say it, I think you are
Q He was absolutely horrified when I wanted to shout out loud from the top
an hour or two. probably have missed the traffic. good for a change. But I know that when to various levels of castle intrigue. right that . . . Q I think you have misunderstood the point
he realised what he had done. of the world.
it comes to environmental issues, Stephenson weaves his usual magic by I was making . . .
Q She’s completely hopeless when Q I can’t be bothered with the hassle. Q If she didn’t get so excited, she might Q That may be true, but . . .
25 Expressing certainty, governments tend to talk a lot and make giving us snippets of information here
it comes to housework. Q She fell and landed on her bum. get more work done. grand promises, and then go back and Q I can see where you are coming from
probability, doubt and there, now from the royal chambers, 36 Emphasizing a point, feeling, issue
Q I am entirely satisfied that he followed carry on just the same as before. If they now from the castle kitchens. The master but there are problems with your
Q It is highly likely that the airport will 29 Expressing opinions Q The main point I’d like to emphasize here
the correct procedure. 189 Topics analysis of the situation.
be closed again tomorrow. tentatively, hedging really wanted to make a difference they of gothic science fiction has provided is the fact that parents have an important
196 Education wouldn’t just set so-called ‘green us with a real page-turner. The only role to play in a child’s education Q In some circumstances, I would agree
166 Lexis Q No doubt he’ll bring his dog as usual. Q I assume you’ll be going home for
197 Film Christmas. objectives’ but would pass laws which criticism that might be levelled here is with you entirely, but in this case . . .
179 Contrasting opinions Q 75% of those interviewed said that
Q There’s bound to be trouble at would have an immediate impact on that the author assumes that the reader
(on the one hand . . . ) 198 Books and literature Q Am I right to think you’re responsible? public transport was not as safe. Yes, Q Even so, he still has a long way to go
the meeting. the environment.. is already familiar with characters and
Q The weather forecast is good. 199 News, lifestyles and current affairs 75% think public transport is now more before he is suitable management
Q Is that settled, then? Yes. It’s settled. Q It’s supposed to be good. the world they inhabit. To get the most
Nevertheless, you always need 32 Expressing reaction, e.g. indifference dangerous. material.
200 Media Q I’m just not so sure, it could be okay.
out of this book one needs to have
to be careful in the mountains. Q It looks as if she’s going to be late. Q To be honest, I simply don’t care. Q After turning the whole house upside- Q No matter how you look at it, he made
read the previous books in the series.
201 Arts Q Maybe she is the best person for the job.
Q In spite of his age, he is still goes Q Surely, you don’t think it was my fault? Q Why bother? down, the police found nothing. a mistake.
34 Developing an argument Absolutely nothing.
camping in the wild. Q I should think he’ll be delighted with Q It’s not such a big issue. Q All the same, she deserves another
systematically
the surprise. chance.
Q I don’t really mind/have an opinion, Q It is frequently argued that . . . , however
Q It could well be the best solution. one way or the other. Q X is clearly a topic of concern to many
people nowadays
64 65 66 67
46 Discourse Markers 55 Verb forms Q In the summer we went to Devon for Q This time next year I’ll be sun bathing 97 Passives 166 Lexis 186 Eliminating false friends, e.g.
54a Markers to structure and signpost 66 Narrative tenses for experiences, years. My Dad would ask us to navigate. on my yacht in Antibes. I’ll be mixing with 99 Passive forms, all 181 Collocations, e.g. Q In the chemistry class they performed
informal speech and writing including passive It was a way of keeping us quiet. We celebrities from all over the world. I’ll be an interesting experiment (as opposed
Q He’ll be given a warning. Q It’s there in black and white.
Q We’ve a bit more money coming in than
would watch out for named pubs and driving a look-at-me car and going to to experience which is French for
67 Simple past (narrative) Q You’ll be being transferred to your new Q He was in excruciating pain.
we had last year. Mind you, we’ll still read the road signs. Usually we counted fancy restaurants. experiment)
Q I went home that evening in a very cars too. I would count VWs; my more job tomorrow.
need to be careful with the heating bills. Q At the speed things are moving, the case Q The suspense is palpable. Q Different languages = different false
sombre mood. I tried to relax. I made sophisticated brother counted Jags. will have expired before it is brought Q The seats will all have been taken by friends
Q He’d spent all his money without myself a cup of coffee and turned on Q I did physics at university.
I would usually win. to court. the time we get there!
realising. So, he couldn’t afford a taxi the television. But I just could not get the Q The situation is untenable. 187 Formal and informal registers, e.g.
and had to walk home. incident out of my mind. The more 71 Past perfect (narrative) Q At the end of next year, I’ll have been Q He’s going to be given an award.
Q It’s a no go area. Q Mr. John Wilson passed away peacefully
I thought about things, the more certain Q When he returned to the UK things were working here for 5 years! Q He ought to be sacked for behaviour
Q Then guess what happened? at his home in Nottingham last week.
I was that something just didn’t make very different. Maria had given up her like that. 182 Colloquial language, e.g.
Q On top of that his girlfriend was really sense. I decided to go back over job in the library and gone back to 89 Conditionals Q John Wilson died in his sleep last week
Q Having been beaten so many times, Q I am absolutely knackered.
angry with him. everything the next day. university. Reza had finally left home and 92 Mixed conditionals in the past, present Q John kicked the bucket a few days back.
and future he decided to fight back. Q She was gobsmacked when he turned
had moved in with a rather odd group
54b Markers to structure and signpost 68 Past continuous (narrative) up at the party.
of postgrads who had very strict house Q If she had taken her studies more Q He might have been hurt. 188 Idiomatic expressions, e.g.
formal speech and writing – especially Q They were late as usual, hoping the rules about everything from the storage seriously last year, she’d have more job Q The whole thing was a cock-up from Q I wish I could remember her name.
logical markers 118 Modals in the past
guests would be a little late. Miriam was of food to when guests were allowed to opportunities now. It’s on the tip of my tongue.
Q The pound is not as strong as it was two beginning to end.
still in the kitchen preparing enormous visit. Brigitte seemed to have completely Q You shouldn’t have told her.
years ago. Moreover, the cost of flights Q If Lola had given me the information Q He tried to flog me an old banger. Q Everybody wants work with Marion.
bowls of salad. Her father was tidying disappeared. Just six months before they She’ll be very upset.
has gone up . . . away all his papers which were usually earlier, she’d be coming with us on She really is the flavour of the month.
had been inseparable. Although he had holiday. Q I should have warned him about the 183 Approximating (vague language), e.g.
Q Profits are likely to fall this year. scattered over every available space known that it couldn’t last, it surprised traffic, but I forgot. Q If you want a shoulder to cry on,
Q There will be about 30 odd people –
Consequently, we need to prepare our in the dining room. John was keeping him just how quickly things had changed. Q If I were rich, I would have bought that I’ll always be here for you.
Q You might have told me it was her well 30 to 40.
shareholders for some bad news. a lookout at the front gate, kicking painting we saw yesterday.
pebbles along the path. 72 Past perfect continuous (narrative) birthday. I felt embarrassed I didn’t take Q I think he an accountant or something 189 Topics
Q He was warned many times about the Q If Nareene didn’t come with us a present.
Q Whoever it had been must have had like that. 198 Books and literature
dangers of mountain climbing in winter. 69 Used to (narrative) to Glastonbury, everyone would
Nevertheless, he continued to tackle a key. So if his parents had been visiting be disappointed. Q He can’t have got my message. Q The book is sort of similar to his first one. 199 News, lifestyles and current affairs
Q That bit of the coastline used to be much
some of the toughest peaks. their friends in Lyon, and his sister had He would never be this late.
less busy than it is these days. Lisa and Q Can you pass me the thingummyjig for 200 Media
been out celebrating the end of term 93 Wish/if only & regrets
Q Despite the clear danger that was her brothers loved exploring the coves Q You needn’t have bought any potatoes. taking nails out? 201 Arts
with her boyfriend, then there was only Q I wish I’d studied a bit harder.
pointed out to him, he insisted on and beaches for miles in both directions. We had some.
one person who would have been able Q All the painting stuff is in the garage. 202 Scientific development
continuing so he is at least partly They used to get up really early, run Q You wish you’d kept your mouth shut,
to get into the house that night. Q I don’t think anyone could have done
responsible for what happened. down the rocky path that led to Shell Bay don’t you? 184 Differentiated use of vocabulary, e.g. 203 Technical and legal language
anything. He had decided.
and go for a swim before breakfast. 76 Futures (revision) Q If only he’d take more care of his health. Q She was really upset when she failed her
Q The cost of fuel has gone up. Therefore Q Things might have turned out differently,
Yes, those days were fun. Q My brother and his girlfriend are getting exams. I think she is still in shock.
it is hardly surprising that there has been Q If only I had behaved a bit better, if she had asked first.
Q I had a proper tricycle when I was married in August. They’re not going Q It’s not that I don’t like her; I detest her.
an increase in the use of public she might have given me a chance.
a small child. It had a boot and I used to go on honeymoon. They’re going 151 Adverbs
transport. Q It’s really good. It’s concise, focused,
to do up the flat they bought with the Q If only the sun would come out!
to keep all sorts of toys in it. We used 159 Inversion (negative adverbials) readable.
Q Whereas that is the case in Brazil, in money they’ll save. They’ll probably have
to go all over the place, using the trike 94 Phrasal Verbs Q Little did I know that he had already left
Columbia it is more a question of . . . some kind of reception or party for the Q I wouldn’t say she’s antisocial, just
as a mobile base. the company.
wedding but I don’t think it will be a very 96 Extended phrasal verbs (splitting) a bit shy.
Q Certainly the car is here to stay, but the
Q 70 Would expressing habit in the past grand affair. Q The policeman broke the fight up
question is to what extent it will be the Q It wasn’t bad, just a bit disappointing.
(narrative) very quickly.
same concept of car. Q Oh no. Another goal for United! Barça
Q My grandmother used to live by the is going to lose. Q She talked me into going to her parents’
Q The policy was correct is so far as it was
seaside and we would go there every place for the weekend.
applied; the problem is that it wasn’t Q I just got a phone call from Raoul. He’s
Easter. My Dad would drive, my mother
applied systematically. in a taxi. He’s going to get here in about Q I can’t make anything out; it’s really dark.
would navigate and we would sit in the
back fighting. five minutes. Q She knew that her mother had put John
up to it.
68 69 70 71
Aptis: Guía del candidato - versión online
Lista de comprobación
Esperamos que esta guía le haya ayudado a prepararse para el test Aptis. A
continuación figura una lista de comprobación para que se asegure de que está
totalmente preparado:
› revise las diferentes partes de gramática:
http://clients.squareeye.net/uploads/eaquals2011/documents/EAQUALS_British_
Council_Core_Curriculum_April2011.pdf
› visite la página LearnEnglish para prepararse para el test de gramática:
http://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/en
› visite la página English Club para prepararse para el test de gramática:
www.englishclub.com
› revise los apartados "Cómo realizar el test online” y “Grabaciones” y haga un test de
prueba para que esté familiarizado con la estructura de la prueba y el software:
www.britishcouncil.org/exams/aptis
› realice los tests de prueba de esta guía para tener más experiencia con la
estructura de los tests
› practique sus aptitudes en inglés siempre que tenga la oportunidad. Escuche la
radio en inglés (por ejemplo, BBC World Service), vea la televisión y películas en
inglés y lea libros clasificados por niveles (por ejemplo, Cambridge, Penguin,
Macmillan y Headway).
› lea los consejos de esta guía acerca de cómo prepararse para cada prueba.
Comentarios y opiniones
Valoramos su opinión, por lo tanto, una vez terminado el test tendrá la

oportunidad de completar una encuesta. Le damos las gracias por anticipado
por sus útiles comentarios.
Para más información: www.britishcouncil.es
© British Council 2013 / D251

The British Council is the United Kingdom’s international organisation for cultural relations and educational opportunities.
26
PHRASAL VERBS
Ask about – preguntar por algo
Back off – retirarse, alejarse, evitar
Blow up – explotar
Break into – entrar a robar
Drop by – dejarse caer, visitar de forma inesperada
Fill out – cumplimentar, rellenar un documento
Find out – Enterarse, averiguar
Give away – regalar
Give back – devolver
Go on – continuar
Grow up – crecer
Hand in – entregar en mano řŬŸŹƂŴŧŶŷŵũŬŷűź

Keep away – alejarse, mantener alejado
Keep on – continuar
ŮŴŧŴůŰŵŸŴŵũ
Look after – cuidar de algo, alguien ŪŷŧųųŧŹůűů
Look for – buscar
Pick up – recoger, algo o a alguien

ŧŴŪŲůŰŸűŵŪŵƆŮƂűŧ
Put away – guardar, ahorrar, consumir
ŸŵŹũŬŹŧųů
Run out – agotar existencias
Set up – montar, ensamblar, erigir, fundar, instalar

ŘŵŸŹŧũůŹŬŲƃŘşůųŧŴŸűůŰ
Take off – quitarse la ropa y despegar (un avión)
ŘŵūŬŷŭůųŵŬūŧŴŴŵŰŶźŨŲůűŧŽůůūŵŸŹźŶŴŵŶŵ
Throw away – tirar algo a la basura ŲůŽŬŴŮůů&UHDWLYH&RPPRQV$WWULEXWLRQ/LFHQVH
Turn up/down – subir/bajar el volumen &RS\ULJKWkȝŘŬŷŪŬŰşůųŧŴŸűůŰ

mŇŴŪŲůŰŸűůŰŨŬŮŷŬŪůŸŹŷŧŽůů}
Turn on/off – encender/apagar la luz o aparatos eléctricos
Work out – hacer ejercicio, calcular, resolver,salir (resultar) algo bien, tener éxito algo.
řŬŸŹƂŴŧŶŷŵũŬŷűźŮŴŧŴůŰŵŸŴŵũŪŷŧųųŧŹůűůŧŴŪŲůŰŸűŵŪŵƆŮƂűŧŸŵŹũŬŹŧųů řŬŸŹƂŴŧŶŷŵũŬŷűźŮŴŧŴůŰŵŸŴŵũŪŷŧųųŧŹůűůŧŴŪŲůŰŸűŵŪŵƆŮƂűŧŸŵŹũŬŹŧųů
Adjective or adverb? 2XUQHLJKERUKRRGLVYHU\BBB EDGȞBBB DVLPSOHUEPRUHVLPSOHF%27+$5(2. DDQ Answers
Choose the correct response for each of the sentences: DTXLHWO\ETXLHW IDUȞBBB :KLFKRQHLVBBB" +HUFRXVLQKDVBBBYHU\JRRGMRE DDQDDQDQDDQDDDQ
<RXKDYHWREHPRUHBBB :KDWDBBBPRYLH Answers DEHWWHUEPRUHJRRGF%27+$5(2. DDQ

Articles: a or an? part 2
DFDUHIXOEFDUHIXOO\ DJUHDWEJUHDWO\ EULJKWHUEHWWHUKRWWHUVDGGHUKHDOWKLHU 7KLVLVPXFKBBB 7KDWZDVBBBLQWHUHVWLQJJDPH
WDOOHUKHDYLHUIDWWHUZRUVHIDUWKHU Choose the correct article:
:HKDYHWRZDONPRUHBBB:HȠUHODWH Answers DPRUHLPSRUWDQWELPSRUWDQWHUF%27+$5(2. DDQ
,VSRNHWRKHUIRUBBBORQJWLPH\HVWHUGD\
DTXLFNETXLFNO\ DEEDDEDEED Comparative adjectives/comparing 0\EURWKHULVBBBWKDQ,DP 6KHLVBBBKRQHVWSHUVRQ
DDQ
,GLGWKLVBBB things 2 DPRUHZHDOWK\EZHDOWKLHUF%27+$5(2. DDQ
Comparative adjectives/comparing 6KHZDVZHDULQJBBBROGGUHVV
DZLOOLQJEZLOOLQJO\ Choose the correct response: If both options can be used, 7KLVVRXQGVDELWBBB :HKDGBBBUHDOO\JRRGWLPH\HVWHUGD\
things 1 choose ‘BOTH ARE OK’: DDQ
+HZDVBBBWRKHOSPH DQDWXUDOHUE%27+$5(2.FPRUHQDWXUDO DDQ
Write the correct comparative form for each adjective: old 7KLQJVDUHBBBQRZWKDQWKH\XVHGWREH 6DUDKLVBBBH[FHOOHQWWHDFKHU
DZLOOLQJEZLOOLQJO\ — older 7KLVWULSZDVBBBWKDQWKHODVWRQH %ULQJBBBXPEUHOOD,WLVJRLQJWRUDLQ
D%27+$5(2.EEXVLHUFPRUHEXV\ DDQ
7KH\VSHDN(QJOLVKYHU\BBB EULJKWȞBBB DPRUHIXQEIXQQHUF%27+$5(2. DDQ
+HLVBBBDERXWWKLVWKDQ,DP 7KDWȠVBBBYHU\IXQQ\MRNH
DZHOOEJRRG JRRGȞBBB Answers 7RPRUURZZLOOEHBBBKRWGD\
DPRUHQHUYRXVEQHUYRXVHUF%27+$5(2. DDQ
<RXGLG\RXUKRPHZRUNYHU\BBB KRWȞBBB DDFEFDDFFD DDQ
,OLNHGWKLVPRYLHDOWKRXJK,IRXQGLWDELWBBBWKDQ 6KHLVBBBUHDOO\JRRGFRRN
DJRRGEZHOO VDGȞBBB KLVODVWˉOP 0DU\LVBBBJRRGIULHQG
Articles: a or an? DDQ
0\JUDQGIDWKHULVYHU\BBB KHDOWK\ȞBBB DGXOOHUEPRUHGXOOF%27+$5(2. DDQ
Choose the correct article: :HKDYHBBBH[DPWRPRUURZ
DFOHYHUEFOHYHUO\ WDOOȞBBB 0DU\ZHDUVKHUZKLWHVNLUWBBBWKDQVKHZHDUVKHU ,ZDQWWRHDWBBBDSSOH
EOXHRQH ,DPJRLQJWRBBBFRQFHUWWRPRUURZ DDQ
+HVSHDNVYHU\BBB KHDY\ȞBBB DDQ
DRIWHQHUEPRUHRIWHQF%27+$5(2. DDQ ,KDYHBBBDSSRLQWPHQWDW30
DTXLHWETXLHWO\ IDWȞBBB
7KLVWHVWLVBBBWKDQWKHODVWRQH 0\ER\IULHQGLVBBBDFWRU DDQ
ŘŵūŬŷŭůųŵŬūŧŴŴŵŰŶźŨŲůűŧŽůůūŵŸŹźŶŴŵŶŵŲůŽŬŴŮůů&UHDWLYH&RPPRQV$WWULEXWLRQ/LFHQVH &RS\ULJKWkȝŘŬŷŪŬŰşůųŧŴŸűůŰmŇŴŪŲůŰŸűůŰŨŬŮŷŬŪůŸŹŷŧŽůů} ŘŵūŬŷŭůųŵŬūŧŴŴŵŰŶźŨŲůűŧŽůůūŵŸŹźŶŴŵŶŵŲůŽŬŴŮůů&UHDWLYH&RPPRQV$WWULEXWLRQ/LFHQVH &RS\ULJKWkȝŘŬŷŪŬŰşůųŧŴŸűůŰmŇŴŪŲůŰŸűůŰŨŬŮŷŬŪůŸŹŷŧŽůů}
ŘŹŷ ŘŹŷ
6KHZDQWVBBBSXSS\IRUKHUELUWKGD\ BBBPHDOWKDWZHDWH\HVWHUGD\ZDVZRQGHUIXO -RKQLVBBBEHVWWHDFKHULQRXUVFKRRO ,QHHGWREX\BBBQHZFDU D12$57,&/(ED 0\WHDFKHUBBBWKHH[HUFLVHWRPH

DDQ D7KHE$ DDEWKH DDEWKH :KDWGRHVKHGR"+HVHOOVBBBFDUV DZHUHH[SODLQLQJEZDVH[SODLQLQJ

,ZDLWHGIRUBBBKRXU ,KDYHBBBWHVWWRPRUURZPRUQLQJ 6KHKDVBBBYHU\QLFHFDW Answers D12$57,&/(EWKH ,BBBWRP\PSSOD\HU

DDQ DWKHED DDEWKH WKHDWKHDWKHDWKHD7KH ,OLYHRQBBB:DVKLQJWRQ6WUHHW DZHUHOLVWHQLQJEZDVOLVWHQLQJ
a
7KHGRFWRUKDGBBBIULHQGO\VPLOH :KLFKVKLUWGR\RXOLNH"BBBEOXHRQH" 0\ZLIHLVBBBRQO\SHUVRQ,ORYH D12$57,&/(EWKH 7KRVHSHRSOHBBBWRZDUGVWKHOLEUDU\

DDQ D7KHE$ DDEWKH Article of no article? part 3 ,GUDQNBBBJODVVRIPLON DZHUHZDONLQJEZDVZDONLQJ

Answers ,KDYHWKUHHVKLUWVȞD\HOORZRQHDQRUDQJHRQH 0\FRXVLQLVBBBSROLFHRIˉFHU Choose the correct article: D12$57,&/(ED 7KHFRRNBBBDWDVW\PHDO
DQGBBBEODFNRQH
DDQDQDDDQDQDDQD DDEWKH +RZPXFKPRQH\GR\RXZDQW"*LYHPHBBB 7ZRRIP\FODVVPDWHVFRPHIURPBBB9LHWQDP DZHUHSUHSDULQJEZDVSUHSDULQJ
DWKHED GROODUV
%HWW\LVBBBSUHWWLHVWJLUOLQRXUFODVV D12$57,&/(EWKH ,BBBWRˉ[P\FRPSXWHU
Articles: a or the? <RXPXVWDOZD\VWHOOBBBWUXWK D12$57,&/(EWKH
DDEWKH Answers DZHUHWU\LQJEZDVWU\LQJ
Choose the correct article: DWKHED ,JDYHKLPBBBPRQH\WKDW,IRXQG
7KHUHLVBBBSDUW\DW%LOOȠVKRXVHWRQLJKW 12$57,&/(WKHWKH12$57,&/(12 0\IULHQGDQG,BBBEDVNHWEDOO
'LG\RXVHHBBBPDQWKDW,WROG\RXDERXW" ,FDQQRWXQGHUVWDQGKRZBBBSHUVRQOLNHKLPFDQ D12$57,&/(EWKH $57,&/(D12$57,&/(12$57,&/(D
EHFRPHSUHVLGHQW DDEWKH 12$57,&/( DZHUHSOD\LQJEZDVSOD\LQJ
DWKHED 6KHLVBBBRQO\SHUVRQKHUHWKDWVSHDNV-DSDQHVH
DWKHED :KDWWLPHDUHZHJRLQJWRBBBSDUW\" 7KHSROLFHRIˉFHUVBBBWKHWKLHI
'LG\RXJHWBBBELUWKGD\FDUGWKDW,VHQW\RX" D12$57,&/(EWKH Past continuous tense
Answers DDEWKH DZHUHFKDVLQJEZDVFKDVLQJ
DWKHED ,OLYHLQBBB/RQGRQ Choose the correct form of the past continuous tense:
WKHWKHDD7KHD7KHDWKH <HVWHUGD\,VDZBBBUHDOO\JRRGPRYLH 0\VLVWHUDQGP\EURWKHUBBB
+HLVBBBYHU\JRRGIULHQG a D12$57,&/(EWKH 7KHFKLOGUHQBBBRXWVLGH
DDEWKH DZHUHVLQJLQJEZDVVLQJLQJ
DWKHED 7KLVNLQGRIBBBZHDWKHUPDNHVPHKDSS\ DZHUHSOD\LQJEZDVSOD\LQJ
Articles: a or the? part 2 +XUU\XSBBBPRYLHVWDUWVLQPLQXWHV Answers
:HDWHBBBZRQGHUIXOPHDO\HVWHUGD\ D12$57,&/(ED 7KHGRJBBBDWXV
Choose the correct article: DDEWKH DEEEDEEDDD
DWKHED +HERXJKWBBBQHZFDU DZHUHEDUNLQJEZDVEDUNLQJ
ŘŹŷ ŘŹŷ
Past continuous tense (part 2) Prepositions (on, at, in — part 3) DDWELQFRQ DDWELQFRQ :HKDGRXUSDUW\BBB30XQWLO30 Present continuous or simple present
Choose the correct preposition for each of the sentences:
Change each sentence into the past continuous tense. ‘I 6KHZDVVLWWLQJBBBKHUFDU +HLVFXUUHQWO\BBBYDFDWLRQ DVLQFHEIRUFIURP tense? part 2
played baseball — I was playing baseball’: :LOO\RXEHBBBKRPHWRGD\"
DDWELQFRQ DDWELQFRQ ,KDYHEHHQVLFNBBB6XQGD\ Choose whether the verb should be in the present
,VSRNHWRP\WHDFKHU,ZDVBBBWRP\WHDFKHU DDWELQFRQ continuous or the simple present tense:
Answers ,ȠOOFDOO\RXBBBKDOIDQKRXU DVLQFHEIRUFIURP
6KHOLVWHQHGWRWKHVRQJ6KHZDVBBBWRWKHVRQJ +HLVQHYHUODWH+HDOZD\VFRPHVBBBWLPH ,DOZD\VBBBEHIRUH,JRWRVOHHS
DFEFEDFEDE DDWELQFRQ 7KH\KDYHEHHQVLFNBBBWKUHHGD\V
0\IULHQGODXJKHGDWP\MRNH0\IULHQGZDVBBBDW DDWELQFRQ DDPUHDGLQJEUHDG
P\MRNH :HKDGDJRRGWLPHBBBWKHEDVNHWEDOOJDPH DVLQFHEIRUFIURP
+RZPDQ\VWXGHQWVDUHBBB\RXUFODVV" Prepositions (on, at, in — part 4) 6KHBBB)UHQFKEXWVKHGRHVQȠWVSHDN,WDOLDQ
6KHZDVVLOO\6KHZDVBBBVLOO\ DDWELQFRQ ,ZLOOEHUHDG\BBBPLQXWHV
DDWELQFRQ Choose the correct preposition for each of the sentences: DVSHDNVELVVSHDNLQJ
,VDQJ,ZDVBBB\HVWHUGD\ 7KHUHDUHPDQ\JRRGUHVWDXUDQWVBBBWKLVFLW\ DVLQFHEIRUFLQ
7KHWHDFKHUZURWHVRPHWKLQJBBBWKHERDUG ,WDONHGWRKLPBBBWKHZHHNHQG 6KHBBBULJKWQRZ
7KH\GLGWKHLUKRPHZRUN7KH\ZHUHBBBWKHLU DDWELQFRQ .HOO\KDVQRWVHHQKLPBBBWZRZHHNV
KRPHZRUN DDWELQFRQ DDWELQFRQ DVSHDNVELVVSHDNLQJ
Answers DVLQFHEIRUFLQ
0\ERVVSODQQHGDPHHWLQJ0\ERVVZDVBBBD 0DQ\SHRSOHZRUNBBBWKLVEXLOGLQJ 7KHGRJLVBBBWKHGRJKRXVH 1H[WZHHNZHBBBWRWKHWKHDWHU
PHHWLQJ FEEDDFFEDE 6KHVOHSWBBBRQHKRXU
DDWELQFRQ DDWELQFRQ DJREDUHJRLQJ
:HKDGDSDUW\:HZHUHBBBDSDUW\ DVLQFHEIRUFLQ
,ZLOOPHHW\RXBBB30 ,HDWEUHDNIDVWBBBWKHPRUQLQJ Prepositions of time (since, for, in, *HQHUDOO\,BBB0H[LFDQIRRG
7KHEDQGSOD\HGDEHDXWLIXOVRQJ7KHEDQGZDVBBB 0\VLVWHUZLOOEHKHUHBBBWZRKRXUV
DEHDXWLIXOVRQJ DDWELQFRQ DDWELQFRQ from) DORYHEDPORYLQJ
DVLQFHEIRUFLQ
,WULHGWRH[SODLQ,ZDVBBBWRH[SODLQ /HWȠVPHHWBBB:HGQHVGD\ :HDUULYHGBBBWKHDLUSRUWLQWKHHYHQLQJ Choose the correct preposition for each of the sentences: +RZGR\RXIHHO",BBBJUHDW
,KDYHQRWHDWHQBBBWKLVPRUQLQJ
Answers DDWELQFRQ DDWELQFRQ ,KDYHQRWVHHQKLPBBBWKHVXPPHU DDPIHHOLQJEIHHO
DVLQFHEIRUFLQ
VSHDNLQJOLVWHQLQJODXJKLQJEHLQJVLQJLQJ DPJRLQJWR-DSDQBBBVHYHQGD\V ,ZDVBBBZRUNDOOGD\ DVLQFHEIRUFIURP /LVWHQȞ,BBBWRH[SODLQWKLVWR\RX
GRLQJSODQQLQJKDYLQJSOD\LQJWU\LQJ Answers
DDWELQFRQ DDWELQFRQ ,DPJRLQJWKHUHBBBWKUHHZHHNV DDPWU\LQJEWU\
DEFDEFFEFD
,PHW-RKQBBBP\IULHQGȠVSDUW\ 3XWWKHERRNBBBWKHWDEOH DVLQFHEIRUFIURP 7RPRUURZ,BBBWRVHHP\IULHQG
ŘŹŷ ŘŹŷ
DDPJRLQJEJR DDUHJRLQJEJR ,DPVSHDNLQJWR\RX,KDYHBBBWR\RX ,WROGDVWRU\,KDYHBBBDVWRU\ DKLPEKLPVHOI 5eˊe[ive pronoun or object pronoun 2

:KHUHLVVKHQRZ"6KHBBBKRPH +HQRUPDOO\BBBYHU\IDVW 7KDWPDQLVGULYLQJDFDU7KDWPDQKDVBBBDFDU 7KH\VDZP\IULHQG7KH\KDYHBBBP\IULHQG <RXUHDOO\KDYHWRUHVSHFWBBB Choose the correct pronoun:

DZDONVELVZDONLQJ DGULYHVELVGULYLQJ 0\IULHQGLVVOHHSLQJ0\IULHQGKDVBBB :HFOHDQHGRXUURRP:HKDYHBBBRXUURRP D\RXE\RXUVHOI 7KH\ZDQWHGWRGRLWBBB

+RZGRHVVKHXVXDOO\JHWWRZRUN"6KHBBB ,QHYHUBBBZKDWWRH[SHFW 6KHLVLQ3UDJXH6KHKDVBBBLQ3UDJXH ,ˊHZWR0H[LFR&LW\,KDYHBBBWR0H[LFR&LW\ 7KH\WDONDERXWXVEXWWKH\GRQȠWUHDOO\NQRZBBB DWKHPEWKHPVHOYHV

DLVZDONLQJEZDONV DDPNQRZLQJENQRZ 7KH\DUHDUJXLQJDERXWPRQH\7KH\KDYHBBBPRQH\ ,WKRXJKWDERXWJRLQJRQYDFDWLRQ,KDYHBBBDERXW DXVERXUVHOYHV +HEURNHKLVOHJVRKHFDQQRWGUHVVBBB
JRLQJRQYDFDWLRQ
Answers ,ȠPVRUU\$QJHODFDQȠWFRPHWRWKHSKRQHȞVKHBBBD 7KH\DUHWDNLQJDWHVW7KH\KDYHBBBDWHVW 6RPHDFWRUVORYHBBBWRRPXFK DKLPVHOIEKLP
VKRZHU ,VSRNHWR0DU\DERXW\RX,KDYHBBBWR0DU\DERXW
EDEEDEDDEE 6KHLVHDWLQJ6KHKDVBBB \RX DWKHPEWKHPVHOYHV ,KXUWBBBSOD\LQJKRFNH\
DLVWDNLQJEWDNHV
,DPOLVWHQLQJWRPXVLF,KDYHBBBWRPXVLF 6KHFKRVHWKHEOXHSDQWV6KHKDVBBBWKHEOXH $UH\RXJRLQJWRLQYLWHBBBWRWKHFRQFHUW" DPHEP\VHOI
Present continuous or simple present ,BBBKRPHULJKWQRZ SDQWV
7KHPXVLFLDQLVSOD\LQJDVRQJ7KHPXVLFLDQKDVBBB DKHUVHOIEKHU 0\IDWKHUFXWBBBVKDYLQJ
tense? part 3 DJREDPJRLQJ DVRQJ Answers
*RRGE\H7DNHFDUHRIBBB DKLPVHOIEKLP
Choose whether the verb should be in the present 7KRVHJLUOVBBBRXWHYHU\)ULGD\ 6KHLVˊ\LQJWR%HUOLQ6KHKDVBBBWR%HUOLQ HDWHQFRPHVROGWROGVHHQFOHDQHG
continuous or the simple present tense: ˊRZQWKRXJKWVSRNHQFKRVHQ D\RXE\RXUVHOI ,ORYHVSHQGLQJWLPHZLWKBBB
DDUHJRLQJEJR Answers
,XVXDOO\BBBWRURFNPXVLF <RXKDYHWRWHOOBBBZKDWKDSSHQHG DKHUVHOIEKHU
*HQHUDOO\,BBBFODVVLFDOPXVLF VSRNHQGULYHQVOHSWEHHQDUJXHGWDNHQ 5eˊe[ive pronoun or object pronoun 1
DOLVWHQEDPOLVWHQLQJ HDWHQOLVWHQHGSOD\HGˊRZQ DWKHPEWKHPVHOYHV ,I\RXGRQȠWEHOLHYHPHWU\LWBBB
DOLNHEDPOLNLQJ Choose the correct pronoun:
:KDWLVVKHGRLQJ"6KHBBBWRPXVLF Present perfect verb tense (part 2) ,ZDVDWKRPHE\BBB1RRQHHOVHZDVZLWKPHD D\RXE\RXUVHOI
Answers +HLVVRYDLQ+HOLNHVWRWDONDERXWBBBDOOWKHWLPH PHEP\VHOI
DOLVWHQVELVOLVWHQLQJ Change each sentence into the present perfect tense. ‘I 6KHJRWBBBLQWURXEOH
DEEDDEDEED played baseball — I have played baseball’ DKLPVHOIEKLP Answers
0\SURIHVVRUDOZD\VBBBYHU\VORZO\ DKHUVHOIEKHU
,DWHYHJHWDEOHV,KDYHBBBYHJHWDEOHV -DQH"<HV,VSRNHWRBBBODVWZHHN KLPVHOIKHKLP\RXUVHOIXVWKHPVHOYHV
DLVVSHDNLQJEVSHDNV Present perfect verb tense KHU\RXUVHOIWKHPP\VHOI 6KHKHOSHGBBBˉQGDMRE
,FDPH,KDYHBBB DKHUVHOIEKHU
:KDWDUH\RXGRLQJWRQLJKW":HBBBWRVHHDPRYLH Change each sentence into the present perfect tense. ‘I DPHEP\VHOI
am playing baseball — I have played baseball’ 0\FRXVLQVVROGWKHLUFDU7KH\KDYHBBBWKHLUFDU +HUEURWKHU"<HVVKHWROGPHDOODERXWBBB
ŘŹŷ ŘŹŷ
,GRQȠWNQRZDQ\WKLQJDERXWBBB DKHUEWRKHU 7KHVHDUHKLVSKRWRV7KHVHSKRWRȠVDUHBBB :HKDGDBBBWLPHLQ0H[LFR&LW\ Answers TXLFNO\ZHOOKRQHVWJHQWO\TXLFNHDVLO\
TXLFNO\H[SHQVLYHFRPSOHWHO\EULJKW
DWKHPEWKHPVHOYHV ,SKRQHGBBBWKUHHWLPHV 7KRVHDUHRXUEDJV7KRVHEDJVDUHBBB DJUHDWO\EJUHDW TXLHWO\FOHDUO\JUHDWTXLFNO\KDUGODWH
KDSS\ORXGJHQWOHEDGO\
,EODPHBBBIRUWKHDFFLGHQW DKLPEWRKLP 7KHVHDUHWKHLUHVVD\V7KHVHHVVD\VDUHBBB ,XQGHUVWRRGWKHTXHVWLRQEXW,FRXOGQȠWDQVZHUYHU\ Adverbs
BBB
DPHEP\VHOI $UH\RXWDONLQJBBB" 7KDWLV\RXUZDOOHW7KDWZDOOHWLVBBB Adverb or adjective? (part 2) For each sentence, change the adjective in parentheses
DTXLFNO\ETXLFN into an adverb.
Answers DPHEWRPH 6KHRZQVWKDWKRXVH7KDWKRXVHLVBBB )or each sentence, ˉll in the blanN with either the adverb
,GRQȠWKDYHDBBBWLPHPDNLQJIULHQGV or the adjective. 7KHEDOOHULQDPRYHGDURXQGYHU\BBBJUDFHIXO
WKHPVHOYHVKLPVHOIP\VHOIKLPVHOIKHU ,VSRNHBBBDERXWWKHWULS ,RZQWKDWERDW7KDWERDWLVBBB
\RXUVHOIKHUVHOIPHWKHPP\VHOI DKDUGO\EKDUG 0\FDUEURNHGRZQ\HVWHUGD\,KRSHWKHPHFKDQLF 'DYLGBBBHDV\ZRQWKHˉUVWUDFH
D\RXEWR\RX 7KRVHMDFNHWVEHORQJWRWKHP7KRVHMDFNHWVDUHBBB FDQˉ[LWBBBTXLFNTXLFNO\
-RKQDUULYHGDWWKHDLUSRUWBBBDQGHQGHGXSPLVVLQJ ,GRQȠWNQRZBBBH[DFWKRZPXFKPRQH\KHPDNHV
Object pronouns — with or without ‘to’? ,GLGQȠWVHHBBBDWWKHVXSHUPDUNHW 7KHVHFGVEHORQJWRXV7KHVHFGVDUHBBB KLVˊLJKW 6KHGDQFHVYHU\BBBJRRGZHOO
,BBBKRQHVWGRQȠWNQRZZKDW-RKQWROGKLVVLVWHU
Choose the correct response: DWKHPEWRWKHP Answers DODWHEODWHO\ +HȠVDQBBBKRQHVWO\KRQHVWPDQ+HQHYHUOLHV
7KHVLQJHURIWKHEDQGVDQJYHU\BBBEDGGXULQJ
+HJDYHBBBWKHPRQH\ 6KHGLGQRWWHOOBBBKHUQDPH PLQHKHUVKLVRXUVWKHLUV\RXUVKHUV (YHUVLQFHKHPHW6DUDKHKDVORRNHGYHU\BBB +HEURNHWKHQHZVWRKHUBBBJHQWOHJHQWO\ WKHFRQFHUW
PLQHWKHLUVRXUV
DKLPEWRKLP DPHEWRPH DKDSSLO\EKDSS\ 0\FDWLVYHU\BBBTXLFNO\TXLFN 0\IULHQG7RPDOZD\VVSHDNVYHU\BBBORXG

6KHZHQWBBBRQ)ULGD\ Answers Adverb or adjective? ,FDQKHDUWKHBBBUDLQIDOOLQJRQWKHURRI ,PDNHQHZIULHQGVYHU\BBBHDVLO\HDV\ <RXVSHDN(QJOLVKYHU\BBBJRRG

DKLPEWRKLP DEDEDDEEDD )or each sentence, ˉll in the blanN with either the adverb DORXGO\EORXG :K\GR\RXGULYHVRBBBTXLFNO\TXLFN" 7KHVHGD\V,DPVREXV\DWZRUNWKDW,BBBUDUHKDYH
or the adjective. WLPHWRJRRXW
,ZLOOOHQGBBBP\ERRN 6KHLVDYHU\NLQGDQGBBBSHUVRQ ,QWKH8QLWHG6WDWHVIRRGLVQRWDVBBBH[SHQVLYHO\
Pronouns: possessive pronouns -DPHVGLGQRWZDQWWRZDNHKLVJLUOIULHQGVRKHOHIW H[SHQVLYHDVLQ(XURSH 6RPHWLPHV,OLNHWRVSHQGWKHGD\MXVWO\LQJLQEHG
DKLPEWRKLP BBB DJHQWOHEJHQWO\ BBBOD]\
Change each pronoun into a possessive pronoun (ex. my ,ZDVBBBFRPSOHWHFRPSOHWHO\FRQIXVHGE\KLV
<RXVKRXOGJLYHWKDWVKLUWBBB — mine) DTXLHWETXLHWO\ 7KDWFKLOGEHKDYHVYHU\BBB TXHVWLRQ 7KHSROLFHRIˉFHUPDGHVXUHWKDWVKHJRWKRPHBBB
VDIH
DKHUEWRKHU 7KLVLVP\ERRN7KLVERRNLVBBB ,FDQȠWXQGHUVWDQGKLP+HGRHVQȠWVSHDNYHU\BBB DEDGO\EEDG 6KHDOZD\VZHDUVBBBEULJKWO\EULJKWFORWKHV
Answers
<RXVKRXOGJLYHBBBWKDWVKLUW 7KDWLVKHUFDU7KDWFDULVBBB DFOHDUO\EFOHDU Answers
JUDFHIXOO\HDVLO\H[DFWO\KRQHVWO\EDGO\
ŘŹŷ ŘŹŷ
ORXGO\ZHOOUDUHO\OD]LO\VDIHO\ 6RRQDIWHUKHTXLWKLVMRE-LPPHWBBBEHDXWLIXO either ma}, man}, mthe}, or mnoarticle}. 0RVWSHRSOHZKROLYHLQBBB,WDO\DUH&DWKROLF BBB\RXVHHQWKDWPRYLHVHYHUDOWLPHVDOUHDG\" BBB\RXXSVHW"
VXUIHUQDPHG-HQQ\$IWHUWKH\ZHQWRXWIRUBBB
FRXSOHRIPRQWKVWKH\GHFLGHGWRJHWPDUULHG BBB&KLQHVHLVDGLIˉFXOWODQJXDJHWROHDUQBBB ,KDYHBBBKRUVH D'RE$UHF+DYH D$UHE'RF+DYH
Which article? JHQHUDOȠVDUP\DWWDFNHGWKHFLW\DWQLJKW,OLNH
Answers WRSOD\BBBEDVNHWEDOO0\SDUHQWVJDYHPHBBB ,ȠYHQHYHUEHHQWRBBBPRXQWDLQV BBBKHOHDYLQJWRPRUURZ" BBB\RXWROGKHU\HW"
Fill in the blanNs with either ma}, man}, or mthe}. EDVNHWEDOOIRUP\ELUWKGD\6KHLVBBBSUHWWLHVWJLUO
DQDWKHWKHDQDWKHDQDD LQWKHVFKRRO,KDYHBBBLGHD/HWȠVJRERZOLQJ, Answers D+DVE'RHVF,V D$UHE'RF+DYH
,ZHQWWRBBBDLUSRUWDW$0\HVWHUGD\,KDGWR KDYHERUURZHGBBBPRQH\IURPKHUEHIRUH0\ˉUVW
FDWFKBBBˊLJKWWR3DULV7KHOLQHVDWBBBDLUSRUW DSDUWPHQWZDVRQBBB2UDQJH6WUHHWBBBGUHVVVKHLV QRDUWLFOHDQRDUWLFOHDWKHWKHQR BBBVKHEHHQWR*UHHFHEHIRUH" BBBWKH\HYHUEHHQKHUHEHIRUH"
ZHUHYHU\ORQJVR,KDGWRZDLWBBBORQJWLPH2QFH Which article? (part 3) ZHDULQJLVEOXH+HLVBBBUHDOJHQWOHPDQ DUWLFOHQRDUWLFOHDWKH
BBBSODQHWRRNRII,WULHGWRJHWVRPHVOHHSEXW, D+DVE'RHVF,V D$UHE'RF+DYH
FRXOGQȠW7KHQ,DWHBBBSUHWW\JRRGPHDOBBB Fill in the blanNs with either ma}, man}, or mthe}. Answers
UDUHRFFXUUHQFHRQDLUSODQHV/DWHU,VSRNHWRRQHRI Au[iliar\ verbs (to be, to do, to have) 1 BBBWKH\FRPLQJDW" BBBWKDWDJRRGPRYLH"
BBBˊLJKWDWWHQGDQWVIRUBBBZKLOH6KHZDVSUHWW\ $WBBBEHJLQQLQJRIBBBWZHQWLHWKFHQWXU\(DVW/RV QRDUWLFOHWKHQRDUWLFOHDWKHDQQR
6KHWROGPHWKDWBBBSLORWRIBBBDLUSODQHZDV $QJHOHVEHFDPHBBBSRSXODULPPLJUDQWGHVWLQDWLRQ DUWLFOHQRDUWLFOHWKHD Fill in each blanN space with the correct auxiliary verb: D'RE$UHF+DYH D,VE'RHVF+DV
)UHQFK,PDQDJHGWRIDOODVOHHSIRUDERXWBBBKRXU ,QBBBHDUO\V5XVVLDQV-HZV-DSDQHVHDQG
$IWHU,ZRNHXS,IHOWUHIUHVKHG,RUGHUHGBBBGULQN 0H[LFDQVDOOKDGBBBVLJQLˉFDQWSUHVHQFHLQBBB BBBKHFKDQJHGPXFKRYHUWKH\HDUV" BBBWKH\DOZD\VFKHDW" BBBVKHLQORYHZLWK0DUFR"
WKHQDQRWKHU*HQHUDOO\LWZDVBBBSUHWW\VPRRWK DUHD/LYLQJHDVWRIBBBULYHUDQGZRUNLQJLQQHDUE\ Article or no article? (part 2)
ˊLJKW IDFWRULHVRUWUDYHOLQJE\HOHFWULFUDLOLQWRGRZQWRZQ D+DVE'RHVF,V D'RE$UHF+DYH D,VE'RHVF+DV
/RV$QJHOHVLPPLJUDQWVDQGWKHLUFKLOGUHQKHOSHG For each of the following sentences, ˉll in the blanN with
Answers IXHOBBBSURVSHULW\RIBBBJURZLQJPHWURSROLV%\ either ma}, man}, mthe}, or mno article}. BBBVKH3ROLVK" Answers BBB\RXVWRSSHGVPRNLQJ"
BBBRQVHWRI:RUOG:DU,,(DVW/RV$QJHOHVKDG
WKHDWKHDWKHDDWKHDWKH DOPRVWEHFRPHBBBH[FOXVLYHO\/DWLQRFRPPXQLW\ BBB6HRXOLVWKHFDSLWDORI6RXWK.RUHD D+DVE'RHVF,V DFEDDFFDED D$UHE'RF+DYH
WKHDQDD VRRQUHLQIRUFHGE\BBBLQˊX[RI0H[LFDQZRUNHUV
ZKRDUULYHGWRPDQWKHPDFKLQHVLQBBBDUHDȠV 0RVWSHRSOHZKROLYHLQBBBVPDOOWRZQDUHKDSS\ BBBKHOLNHWRGULYHDWQLJKW" BBB\RXSOD\WHQQLVRQZHHNHQGV"
Which article? (part 2) EXUJHRQLQJZDULQGXVWULHV Au[iliar\ verbs (to be, to do, to have) 2
,KDYHEHHQSOD\LQJBBBWHQQLVIRUWKUHH\HDUV D+DVE'RHVF,V D$UHE'RF+DYH
Fill in the blanNs with either ma}, man}, or mthe}. Answers Fill in each blanN space with the correct auxiliary verb:
:HKDGBBBUHDOO\JRRGWLPHDWWKHSDUN BBB\RXQRUPDOO\UHDGEHIRUH\RXJRWREHG" BBB\RXUJUDQGPRWKHUOLYHLQ6SDLQ"
-LPBBBROGIULHQGRIPLQHXVHGWRZRUNLQ WKHWKHDWKHDWKHWKHWKHWKH BBBKHDVPHDQDVSHRSOHVD\"
GRZQWRZQ/RV$QJHOHV+HKDGBBBJRRGMRELQRQH WKHDQDQWKH ,DPBBBRQO\SHUVRQKHUHZKRVSHDNV*HUPDQ D'RE$UHF+DYH D,VE'RHVF+DV
RIBBBELJJHVWODZˉUPVLQBBBFLW\+HZDVBBB D,VE'RHVF+DV
KRQHVWKDUGZRUNLQJODZ\HUEXWKHKDWHGKLVMRE6R /RRNDWBBBWLPH:HȠUHJRLQJWREHODWH BBB,ORRNWLUHG" Answers
KHGHFLGHGWRTXLWDQGWREHFRPHBBBVXUIHULQVWHDG Article or no article? BBBKHNQRZKRZWRFRRNZHOO"
1RZ-LPVSHQGVKLVGD\VVXUˉQJBBBZDYHVRI ,KDYHERUURZHGBBBPRQH\IURPKHUEHIRUH D'RE$PF+DYH DEDFFDDFEE
0DOLEX,WLVQȠWBBBHDV\OLIHEXWLWPDNHVKLPKDSS\ For each of the following sentences, ˉll in the blanN with D,VE'RHVF+DV
ŘŹŷ ŘŹŷ
Causative structures 1 DWRSDFNESDFNLQJFSDFN $UH\RXJRLQJWRBBBOLNHWKLV" DGRQHEWREHGRQHFKDYHGRQH DOHWKLPVD\EOHWKLPWRVD\FOHWKLPVDLG ,I,UXQLQWRKHU,BBBKHUWKDW\RXȠUHORRNLQJIRUKHU
WRWHOODZRXOGWHOOEWHOOFZLOOWHOO
There are two basic causative structures — an active :K\GRQȠW\RXBBBZLWKP\IULHQGV" DOHWKLPWRVXIIHUEDOORZKLPVXIIHUFOHWKLPVXIIHU Answers 7KHPRYLHBBBVDG
one (ex: ‘I had 0iNe ˉx my computer’, ‘I let him go there’), ,I\RXBBBWKDWDJDLQ,ZLOOFDOOWKHSROLFHWRGRD
and a passive one (ex: ‘I had my computer ˉxed’). The DOHWPHWRJRRXWEOHWPHJRRXWFOHWPHJRWR -LPP\LVGHDG7KHPDˉDERVVBBB DEFEDEFEDD DPDGHWRIHHOEPDGHKLPIHHOFPDGHKLPWRIHHO WRGREGRFZLOOGR
causative is often used with the following verbs: to have,
to let, to maNe, to get. ,KDGP\ZDOOHWBBB\HVWHUGD\ DKDGNLOOHGEKDGKLPNLOOHGFKDGKLPWREHNLOOHG ,JHWP\BBBIURPP\RWKHUDGGUHVV +HZRXOGQHYHUKDYHDVNHGKHURXWRQDGDWHLIVKH
Causative structures 3 BBBKLPˉUVWWRNLVVDKDGQȠWNLVVHGEGLGQȠWNLVVF
7KHVXQVKLQHPDGHPHBBBRIRXUWULSWR0H[LFR DVWROHQEVWROHFWRVWHDO -XOLHZLOOQRWOHWKHUGDXJKWHUBBBWKHER\IURP DPDLOIRUZDUGEPDLOWRIRUZDUGFPDLOIRUZDUGHG ZLOOQRWNLVV
DFURVVWKHVWUHHW There are two basic causative structures — an active
DWKLQNEWRWKLQNFWKLQNLQJ ,KDG-XDQBBB\HVWHUGD\ one (ex: ‘I had 0iNe ˉx my computer’, ‘I let him go there’), +DYH\RXUDVVLVWDQWBBBWKHVHOHWWHUVLPPHGLDWHO\ ,I\RXZHUHKHUZKDWBBB"WRGRDZRXOG\RXGRE
DPDUU\EWRPDUU\FPDUULHG and a passive one (ex: ‘I had my computer ˉxed’). The GLG\RXGRFGR\RXGR
,KDGP\KDLUBBBODVWQLJKW DWRˉ[P\GRRUEˉ[P\GRRUFˉ[HGP\GRRU causative is often used with the following verbs: to have, DWRVHQGEWREHVHQWFVHQG
,KDGWKHZDOOBBBZKHQ,ZDVUHQRYDWLQJP\ to let, to maNe, to get. ,IVKHKDGQȠWJRQHWR(QJODQGVKHBBB2UODQGR
DWULPEWULPPHGFWULPPLQJ Answers DSDUWPHQW +HBBB\HVWHUGD\ %ORRPWRPHHWDZRXOGQRWPHHWEGLGQRWPHHWF
6KHBBBWKDWKHZRXOGQȠWWHOODQ\RQH ZRXOGQRWKDYHPHW
,ȠPJRLQJWRBBBDIWHUWKHFRQFHUW DEFEDEFEDE DWREHNQRFNHGGRZQENQRFNHGGRZQFNQRFNGRZQ DKDGKLVKDLUFXWEKDGKLVKDLUWREHFXWFKDGKDLU
DPDGHKLPSURPLVHGEPDGHKLPSURPLVHF WREHFXW ,ILWGRHVQȠWVWDUWVQRZLQJZHBBBWKLVHYHQLQJWRJR
DKDYHPHSLFNHGXSEKDYHKLPWRSLFNPHXSF ,BBBKHUDQGDSRORJL]H SURPLVHGWRPDNH VNLLQJDZRQȠWJRVNLLQJEZRXOGQȠWJRVNLLQJFGRQȠW
KDYHKLPSLFNPHXS Causative structures 2 7KHSURIHVVRUBBBHDUO\ JRVNLLQJ
DPDGHKLPWRFDOOEPDGHKLPFDOOHGFPDGHKLP 'RHV\RXUWRRWKVWLOOKXUW"<HV,KDYHWRJHWD
+HLVJRLQJWRBBBQH[WZHHN There are two basic causative structures — an active FDOO GHQWLVWBBBVRRQ DWROHWWKHVWXGHQWVOHDYHEOHWWKHVWXGHQWOHDYHF ,I\RXKDGVDYHGVRPHPRQH\HDUOLHU\RXBBBEURNH
one (ex: ‘I had 0iNe ˉx my computer’, ‘I let him go there’), OHWWKHVWXGHQWWROHDYH ULJKWQRZWREHDZRXOGQRWKDYHEHHQEZLOOQRWEH
DKDYHˉ[HGKLVFDUEKDYHKLVFDUˉ[HGFKDYHKLV and a passive one (ex: ‘I had my computer ˉxed’). The ,KDYHBBBPDQ\WLPHV DORRNDWLWEWRJHWLWORRNHGDWFWRORRNDWLW FDUHQRW
FDUˉ[ causative isoften used with the following verbs: to have, Answers
to let, to maNe, to get. DP\KHDUWEURNHQEKDGP\KHDUWEURNHQFKDGP\ ,BBBDFRXSOHRIGD\VDJR ,I,BBBDWWKHDLUSRUWVRODWH,ZRXOGQRWKDYHPLVVHG
6XVDQKDGBBB KHDUWEURNH EFFEDEFFDE P\ˊLJKWWRDUULYHDGLGQȠWDUULYHEKDGQȠWDUULYHGF
,ȠPJRLQJWRKDYH0LNHBBBP\FRPSXWHUWRVHHZKDW DKDGP\ELNHWREHˉ[HGEKDGP\ELNHˉ[FKDGP\ ZRXOGQRWDUULYH
DWKHZLQGRZVFOHDQHGEWKHZLQGRZVFOHDQFWKH LVZURQJ 7KHDXWKRULWLHVBBBDVVRRQDVWKH\IRXQGRXWVKH ELNHˉ[HG
ZLQGRZVEHFOHDQHG ZDVWKHUHLOOHJDOO\ Conditional tenses ,I\RXEX\RQHWVKLUW\RXBBBWKHVHFRQGRQHIUHH
DORRNDWEWRORRNDWFORRNHGDW ,ZLOOQRWBBBZLWKWKLV WRJHW
,ȠOOOHW\RXBBBP\FDU DKDGKHUGHSRUWHGEKDYHKHUGHSRUWFKDGKHUWR For each sentence, choose the correct tense of the verb.
2QHRIP\ZLVGRPWHHWKUHDOO\KXUWVR,ZHQWWRWKH EHGHSRUWHG DDOORZ\RXJHWDZD\EOHW\RXJHWDZD\FWROHW\RX DZLOOKDYHJRWWHQEZRXOGJHWFJHW
DWRGULYHEGULYHFGULYLQJ GHQWLVWWRKDYHLWBBB JHWDZD\ ,I,BBB\RX,ZRXOGDSRORJL]HWRKHUULJKWDZD\WR
,KDGVRPHWHVWVBBBEXWWKH\GLGQȠWˉQGDQ\WKLQJ EHDZDVEZHUHFKDYHEHHQ
+H\GR\RXZDQWPHWRKHOS\RXBBB" DUHPRYHEUHPRYHGFWREHUHPRYHG 'RQȠWBBBWKHVHWKLQJVDERXW\RX
ŘŹŷ ŘŹŷ
Answers ,I,BBB\RXZHUHFRPLQJ,ZRXOGKDYHSUHSDUHG BBBLWZDVUHDOO\KRWRXWVLGH,ZRUHVKRUWV DWKHUHIRUHELQFDVH Answers DVRPDQ\EVRPXFK

OXQFKWRNQRZDNQHZEKDGNQRZQFZLOONQRZ
EFEDDFDDEF D$OWKRXJKE6LQFHF8QOHVV BBBVKHFDOOVPH,IHHOYHU\KDSS\ DEEEDEEEDD ,ZRXOGOLNHBBBWLPHWRWKLQNDERXWWKLV
,I,ZHUH\RX,BBBWRWKHEHDFKLQVWHDGRIJRLQJWR
ZRUNWRJRDZLOOKDYHJRQHEZLOOJRFZRXOGJR +HKDVDOZD\VGRQHZHOORQH[DPV7KLVWLPHBBBKH D6RWKDWE:KHQHYHU DDOLWWOHEDIHZ
Conditional tenses (part 2) IDLOHG Count or non-count nouns?
Answers 7DNHWKLVSKRWRBBB\RXFDQUHPHPEHUPH ,ZRXOGOLNHBBBKDPEXUJHU
)RUHDFKVHQWHQFHFKRRVHWKHFRUUHFWWHQVHRIWKH DKRZHYHUEDFFRUGLQJO\FPRUHRYHU For each sentence, ˉll in the blanN with the correct
YHUE DEFDDEDEEF DZKLOHEVRWKDW response. DVRPHED
,ZRQȠWEHDEOHWRERUURZDQ\PRUHPRQH\BBB,SD\
,I,ORVHP\MRE,BBBIRUDQHZRQHWRORRNDZLOO RIIVRPHRIP\SUHYLRXVGHEWV ,ZLOOQRWWDONWRKLPBBBKHDSRORJL]HVIRUZKDWKH ,ZHQWWRWKHWRXULVWRIˉFHWRJHWBBBLQIRUPDWLRQ ,KDYHWREX\BBBIXUQLWXUHIRUP\QHZDSDUWPHQW
ORRNEZRXOGORRNFORRN Conjunctions GLG
DEXWEXQWLOFDOWKRXJK DDIHZEDOLWWOH DVRPHED
,IVKHKDGQȠWWROGPHWRVWD\,BBBWRJRDZLOOJRE Choose the conjunction which ˉts best. DXQWLOEEHFDXVH
ZRXOGKDYHJRQHFZRXOGJR BBBKHZDVQȠWDJRRGSOD\HUKHKDGDJUHDWJDPH .LGVWRGD\VSHQGVRBBBWLPHRQWKHLQWHUQHW Answers
,KDYHQȠWUHDOO\VWXGLHGIRUWKLVH[DPBBB,IHHOD ,ȠOOˉQG\RXBBB\RXDUH
6KHBBBWRFRPHWRWKHSDUW\LIVKHKDGNQRZQWKDW OLWWOHQHUYRXV D6LQFHE%HFDXVHF$OWKRXJK DPXFKEPDQ\ DOLWWOHPXFKDPRXQWPXFKDIHZPDQ\
KHUH[ER\IULHQGZRXOGEHWKHUHWRDJUHHDZRXOGQRW DZKHUHEZKHUHYHU VRPDQ\DOLWWOHDVRPH
DJUHHEGLGQRWDJUHHFZRXOGQRWKDYHDJUHHG DVREXQOHVVFEXW 7KHOLWWOHJLUOVOHSWBBBKHUIDWKHUSOD\HGWKHJXLWDU +HKDVDJRRGMREDQGPDNHVDODUJHBBBRIPRQH\
6KHVSRNHBBBVKHNQHZZKDWVKHZDVWDONLQJDERXW
,I\RXFRPHWRQLJKW,BBBHQFKLODGDVWRPDNHD ,WROGKLPQRWWRFRPHBBBKHFDPHDQ\ZD\ DZKLOHEWKHUHIRUHFXQWLO EXWVKHGLGQȠW DDPRXQWEQXPEHU Count or non-count nouns? (part 2)
ZLOOPDNHEZRXOGPDNHFZLOOKDYHPDGH
DVLQFHEXQOHVVFEXW Answers DDOWKRXJKEDVLI 2.OHWȠVGRLW%XWKXUU\XS,GRQȠWKDYHBBBWLPH For each sentence, ˉll in the blanN with the correct
,I,ZHUHKLP,BBBWKDWMREWRWDNHDZRXOGWDNHE response.
GLGWDNHFZLOOWDNH 'RQRWGRDQ\WKLQJBBB\RXKHDUIURPKLPˉUVW DFDEDEDEFD BBBWKHSROLFHDUULYHGZHKDGWRHQGWKHSDUW\ DPXFKEPDQ\
,KDYHWREX\DORWRIBBBIRUP\QHZDSDUWPHQW
+HZLOOQHYHUVSHDNWRPHDJDLQLIKHBBBZKDW DXQOHVVEVLQFHFWKHUHIRUH D8QWLOE2QFH ,RQO\NQRZBBBSHRSOHLQWKLVFLW\
KDSSHQHGWRˉQGRXWDZLOOKDYHIRXQGRXWEˉQGV Conjunctions (part 2) DIXUQLWXUHEIXUQLWXUHV
RXWFZRXOGˉQGRXW BBB,ZDVUHDOO\WLUHG,WRRNDQDSIRUPLQXWHV ,FRXOGQȠWˉJXUHRXWBBBKHVDLGZKDWKHVDLG DDOLWWOHEDIHZ
Choose the correct conjunction for each sentence: +HEURXJKWXSDORWRILQWHUHVWLQJBBBGXULQJWKH
2XUFDWBBB\RXLI\RXUXEKHUEHOO\WRELWHDZLOO D$OWKRXJKE6LQFHF8QOHVV DZK\ERQFH 0DU\DOZD\VWHOOVPHWKDWVKHZDQWVWRKDYHBBB OHFWXUH
ELWHEZRXOGELWHFZRXOGKDYHELWWHQ ,ZLOOJRWRWKHFRQFHUWEXWBBB\RXJRDVZHOO FKLOGUHQ
BBBVKHOLNHVWRSOD\EDVNHWEDOOKHUIDYRULWHVSRUWLV ,ERXJKW\RXDELUWKGD\FDUGBBB,OLNH\RX DSRLQWESRLQWV
,BBB\RXLI,KDGQȠWWKRXJKWLWZDVLPSRUWDQWWRWHOO WHQQLV DRQO\LIEXQOHVV DPXFKEPDQ\
DZLOOQRWWHOOEZRXOGQȠWKDYHWROGFZRXOGQRWWHOO DEHFDXVHEZK\ $IWHUWKHSDUW\WKHUHZDVDORWRIBBB
D:KLOHE%HFDXVHF6LQFH ,EURXJKWDORQJDVDQGZLFKBBB,JHWKXQJU\ 7KHUHDUHBBBWKLQJVWKDW,ZDQWWRVD\WR\RX
ŘŹŷ ŘŹŷ
DJDUEDJHEJDUEDJHV Count or non-count nouns? (part 3) ,KDYHWREX\VRPHDSSOHVDQGVRPHBBB DOHVVEIHZHU is countable (by writing c) or noncountable (by writing n Did or made?
c). ex: The boy has a lot of clothing __nc__.
7KDQN\RXVRPXFKIRUDOOWKHBBB For each sentence, ˉll in the blanN with the correct DULFHEULFHV ,RQO\NQRZBBBSHRSOHLQWKLVFLW\ Fill in each blanN space with the correct response.
response. 7KLVUHVWDXUDQWKDVWKHZRUVWIRRGBBB,ȠYHHYHU
DDSSODXVHEDSSODXVHV ,OHIWP\BBBDWWKHDLUSRUW DDOLWWOHEDIHZ HDWHQ -DPHVBBBKLVKRPHZRUN\HVWHUGD\
:KDWNLQGRIBBBGR\RXZDQWWRWDONDERXW"
<RXUBBBDUHGXHRQ6HSWHPEHUWK DOXJJDJHEOXJJDJHV +H\,DVNHGIRUBBBGRQXWDQG\RXJDYHPHDPXIˉQ :HKDYHWREX\IXUQLWXUHBBBIRURXUQHZKRXVH DGLGEPDGH
DWKLQJEWKLQJV
DHVVD\EHVVD\V Answers DDEVRPH 0DQ\KRVSLWDOVLQWKLVFLW\BBBGRQȠWKDYHPRGHUQ 0DU\BBBWKHGLVKHVDIWHUEUHDNIDVWWRGD\
:KDWNLQGRIBBBZRXOG\RXOLNHPHWREX\" HTXLSPHQW
,ZHQWWRWKHPDUNHWDQGERXJKWDORWRIBBB WKLQJVPLONFKHHVHLQIRUPDWLRQ ,QWKHSDVWPRQWKZHKDYHQRWLFHGBBBSURJUHVVLQ DGLGEPDGH
DPLONEPLONV H[SHULHQFHVFDSLWDOVDQJHURUDQJHVULFH \RXUDELOLW\WRVSHDN ,JHQHUDOO\GRQȠWOLNHWRJLYHDGYLFHBBBDERXW
DIUXLWEIUXLWV OXJJDJH PDWWHUVRIORYH 0\EURWKHUBBBWKHEHGVWKLVPRUQLQJ
,DWHPDQ\NLQGVRIBBB\HVWHUGD\ DPDQ\EPXFK
7KHUHDUHVRPDQ\GLIIHUHQWW\SHRIBBBLQWKHZRUOG 0RVWZRPHQBBBLQP\IDPLO\ZHDUORWVRIMHZHOU\ DGLGEPDGH
DFKHHVHEFKHHVHV Count or non-count nouns? (part 4) +HOHIWBBBKLVFORWKLQJDWKLVJLUOIULHQGȠVKRXVH
DSHRSOHESHRSOHV 7KHJUDFHBBBZLWKZKLFKVKHGDQFHGPDGHPHFU\ ,FDOOHGWKHGRFWRUDQGBBBDQDSSRLQWPHQWIRU
'R\RXKDYHVRPHBBBIRUPH" For each sentence, ˉll in the blanN with the correct DVRPHEDFRXSOHRI 7XHVGD\HYHQLQJ
+HKDVRQHRIWKHPRVWH[SHQVLYHBBBRQWKHPDUNHW response. ,WWDNHVDORWRISDWLHQFHWRGHDOZLWKSULVRQHUVBBB
DLQIRUPDWLRQELQIRUPDWLRQV :RZWKHUHȠVVRBBBJUDVVLQ\RXU\DUG DGLGEPDGH
DFRPSXWHUEFRPSXWHUV ,KDYHBBBFRXUDJHWKDQ\RX ,DVNHGKLPWRVHQGPHLQIRUPDWLRQBBBDERXW
,KDGPDQ\KRUULI\LQJBBBGXULQJP\WUDYHOVLQ+DLWL DPXFKEPDQ\ &DOLIRUQLDZLQHV ,BBBDFDNHIRU\RXUELUWKGD\
,KDYHWRFXWP\BBBWRGD\ DOHVVEIHZHU
DH[SHULHQFHEH[SHULHQFHV BBBRIWKHVWXGHQWVFRPHIURPDEURDG 7KHWUXWKBBBLVWKDW,QRORQJHUZDQWWROLYHZLWK DGLGEPDGH
DKDLUEKDLUV BBBRIP\FRXUDJHFRPHVIURPP\XSEULQJLQJ WKDWPDQ
'R\RXNQRZDOOWKHBBBRIWKHZRUOG" DPXFKEPDQ\ ,BBBWKHH[HUFLVHV\RXJDYHPHȞZRXOG\RXOLNHWR
,FDQȠWVWDQGWKHBBBLQWKLVFLW\ D0XFKE0DQ\ ,WWRRNJUHDWFRXUDJHIRUWKHER\WRDGPLWWR FKHFNWKHP"
DFDSLWDOEFDSLWDOV Answers VWHDOLQJPRQH\BBBIURPKLVEURWKHU
DWUDIˉFEWUDIˉFV BBBRIWKHQHZLPPLJUDQWVWR/RV$QJHOHVFRPHIURP DGLGEPDGH
+HKDGDORWRIBBBLQKLP 0H[LFR OHVV0XFK0DQ\OHVVDIHZDPXFK Answers
Answers VRPHPXFKPDQ\ )LRQDBBBDJRRGMREKHOSLQJXVFOHDQXS
DDQJHUEDQJHUV D0DQ\E0XFK QFQFFQFFQFFQFQFQF
IXUQLWXUHSRLQWVJDUEDJHDSSODXVHHVVD\V DGLGEPDGH
IUXLWSHRSOHFRPSXWHUVKDLUWUDIˉF :KDWGLG\RXEX\",ERXJKWVRPHBBB 7KHUHLVBBBLPPLJUDWLRQWR&DQDGDQRZWKDQWKHUH Count or non-count nouns? (part 5)
XVHGWREH ,IHOWUHDOO\EDGZKHQ,BBBWKDWPLVWDNHLQFODVV
DRUDQJHERUDQJHV For each blanN space, write whether the preceding noun WRGD\
ŘŹŷ ŘŹŷ
DGLGEPDGH DZLOOWDONEZLOOEHWDONLQJ 7RPRUURZ,BBBSDLQWDOOGD\ ZKROHERWWOHE\PLGQLJKW *erund or inˉnitive? (part 2) DWRVWHDOEVWHDOLQJ

7KHEDE\VLWWHUBBBWKHSKRQHFDOODURXQG30 7KLVWLPHWRPRUURZ,BBBVZLPLQWKHRFHDQ DZLOOEHSDLQWLQJEZLOOSDLQW DZLOOKDYHGUXQNEZLOOEHGULQNLQJ Fill in each space with either the gerund (‘-ing’) or the %LOOHQMR\VBBBP\VWHU\QRYHOV
inˉnitive (to...) form of the verb. Example: mI love walNing
DGLGEPDGH DZLOOVZLPEZLOOEHVZLPPLQJ %\WKHWLPHZHJHWWKHUHWKHVWRUHBBBFORVH 6KHBBBWHOOPHZKHQKHUELUWKGD\LV in the parN (walN)} DWRUHDGEUHDGLQJ

6KHZDVKHGWKHFORWKHVEXWKHUKXVEDQGBBBWKH ,BBBVHH\RXDW DZLOOFORVHEZLOOKDYHFORVHG DZLOOQRWEHWHOOLQJEZRQȠWWHOO 6RPHWLPHVBBBWKHWUXWKFDQEHGLIˉFXOWWHOO, ,SODQBBBWRFROOHJHLQWKHIDOO
LURQLQJ GRQȠWXQGHUVWDQGZK\\RXKDYHBBBVRPXFKVZHDU
DZLOOKDYHVHHQEZLOOVHH ,BBBVHH\RXWRPRUURZDW30 Answers 'RQȠWIRUJHWBBBWKHOLJKWVZKHQ\RXOHDYHWKHURRP DWRJREJRLQJ
DGLGEPDGH WRWXUQRII<RXQHHGBBB\RXUKDLU,WȠVJHWWLQJYHU\
%\WKHWLPHWKHJXHVWVDUULYH,BBBFOHDQWKHURRP DZLOOVHHEVHH DEDEEDEDDE ORQJFXW6WRSBBBKLPDQGOHWKLPˉQLVKVD\LQJ ,SODQRQBBBWRFROOHJHLQWKHIDOO
Answers ZKDWKHZDQWVWRVD\LQWHUUXSW+H\GR\RXZDQW
DZLOOKDYHFOHDQHGEZLOOFOHDQ $IWHUZHˉQLVKWKLVYLGHR,BBBVHHDOORIWKLV BBBWRWKHPRYLHVWRQLJKW"JR+H\KRZDERXWBBBWR DWRJREJRLQJ
GLGGLGPDGHPDGHPDGHGLGGLG GLUHFWRUȠVPRYLHV *erund or inˉnitive? VHHDPRYLHWRQLJKW"JR,ȠPQRWLQWHUHVWHGLQBBB
PDGHPDGHGLG ,GHFLGHGWKDW,BBBEHFRPHDGRFWRU DQH[SHQVLYHFDUEX\,WȠVWUXHWKDWBBB(QJOLVKFDQ ,VXJJHVWHGBBBWRDUHVWDXUDQWDIWHUWKHPRYLH
DZLOOVHHEZLOOKDYHVHHQ Fill in each space with either the gerund (‘-ing’) or the EHIXQOHDUQ,VXJJHVWBBBDYDFDWLRQWDNH
DZLOOEHEHFRPLQJEZLOOEHFRPH inˉnitive (to...) form of the verb. Example: mI love walNing DWRJREJRLQJ
Future tenses (part 1) &DQ,FRPHRYHULQDQKRXU"1R,BBBFOHDQWKH in the parN (walN)} Answers
,BBBWUDYHOIRUWKHQH[WPRQWK KRXVH 7KHGRFWRUZDQWVBBBZLWK\RX
Choose the correct verb tense for each sentence: <RXDUHQRWDOORZHGBBBRQWKHDLUSODQHVPRNH WHOOLQJWRVZHDUWRWXUQRIIWRFXW
DZLOOWUDYHOEZLOOEHWUDYHOLQJ DZLOOFOHDQEZLOOEHFOHDQLQJ ,FRXOGQȠWKHOSBBBZKHQKHWULSSHGODXJK,HQMR\ LQWHUUXSWLQJWRJRJRLQJEX\LQJOHDUQLQJ DWRVSHDNEVSHDNLQJ
%\WKHWLPH,ȠP,BBBORVHDOOP\KDLU BBBWRFOXEVJR6KHH[SHFWVSHRSOHBBBKHUEXWVKH WDNLQJ
,ȠPUHDOO\WLUHGWRGD\Ȟ,BBBGRP\H[HUFLVHV 7KLVWLPHQH[WZHHN,BBBGULQNZLQHLQ$UJHQWLQD QHYHUKHOSVDQ\RQHKHOS0\GRFWRUDGYLVHGPH ,UHDOO\PLVVBBBDVDˊLJKWDWWHQGDQW
DZLOOKDYHORVWEZLOOORVH WRPRUURZ BBBVPRNLQJTXLW3OHDVHVWRSBBB,FDQKHDU\RX
DZLOOEHGULQNLQJEZLOOGULQN ˉQHVKRXW,GRQȠWIHHOOLNHBBB/HWȠVJRRXWWRD *erund or ,nˉnitive? (part 3) DWRZRUNEZRUNLQJ
,ZRQȠWEHDEOHWRWDONWR\RXLQPLQXWHVEHFDXVH DZLOOGREZLOOEHGRLQJ UHVWDXUDQWFRRN:RXOG\RXPLQGBBBWKHZLQGRZ"
,BBBGRP\KRPHZRUN 6KHGRHVQȠWUHDOL]HZKDWNLQGRISHUVRQKHLVEXWVKH ,WȠVYHU\KRWLQKHUHRSHQ0\UHPRWHFRQWURO Fill in each space with either the gerund (‘-ing’) OR the 7KHOLWWOHER\ȠVWHDFKHUDVNHGBBBZLWKKLVPRWKHU
Answers BBBˉQGRXW GRHVQȠWZRUN7U\BBBWKHEDWWHULHVFKDQJH,Q/RV inˉnitive (to...) form of the verb:
DZLOOGREZLOOEHGRLQJ $QJHOHVBBBLVQRWDOORZHGLQDQ\EXLOGLQJVPRNH DWRWDONEWDONLQJ
DEDDEEDEED DZLOOEHˉQGLQJRXWEZLOOˉQGRXW :KHQ,PHQWLRQHGBBBPDUULHGVKHGLGQȠWVD\
%\WKHWLPH,JHWKRPHP\ZLIHBBBHDWWKHZKROH Answers DQ\WKLQJ ,GRQȠWPLQGBBBZLWK\RXUFDW,ORYHFDWV
FDNH 6KHLQVXOWHGPH,BBBVSHDNWRKHUDJDLQ
Future tenses (part 2) WRVPRNHODXJKLQJJRLQJWRKHOSWRTXLW DJHWWLQJEWRJHW DSOD\LQJEWRSOD\
DZLOOKDYHHDWHQEZLOOEHHDWLQJ DZLOOQHYHUVSHDNEZLOOKDYHQHYHUVSRNHQ VKRXWLQJFRRNLQJRSHQLQJFKDQJLQJ
Choose the correct verb tense for each sentence: VPRNLQJ ,IKHNHHSVBBBWKLQJVIURPZRUNKHȠVJRLQJWRJHW
,BBBWDONWRP\VRQDERXWKLVSRRUWHVWUHVXOWV ,IKHFRQWLQXHVGULQNLQJVRIDVWKHBBBGULQNWKH ˉUHG
ŘŹŷ ŘŹŷ
Answers ,OHDUQHGBBB)UHQFKZKLOH,ZDVOLYLQJLQ +HWROGPHWKDWKHKDGBBBDOOWKHZRUNKLPVHOIWR 6RPHRQHKDVBBBERRNVIURPWKHOLEUDU\WRVWHDO WKDQJLUOV Answers

6ZLW]HUODQG GRDGRQHEGLG DVWROHQEVWROH
EEEDEEDEDD DDEWKHFQRDUWLFOH FFFEEDDFFD
DWRVSHDNEVSHDNLQJ +DYH\RXBBB\HWWRGD\"WRHDWDDWHEHDWHQ *RG]LOODBBBXSDQGEHJDQDWWDFNLQJWKHFLW\WRULVH
DURVHEULVHG %LOOHQMR\VUHDGLQJBBBP\VWHU\QRYHOV
*erund or inˉnitive? 4 ,UHPHPEHUBBBKHUDWWKHEHDFKODVWZHHN 0\IDWKHUKDVBBBPHWRWDONWR\RXWRIRUELGD Articles: mi[ed articles e[ercise 2
IRUELGGHQEIRUEDGH 7KHVRQJWKDWVKHBBBZDVYHU\SUHWW\WRVLQJD DDEWKHFQRDUWLFOH
Fill in each space with either the gerund (‘-ing’) OR the DWRVHHEVHHLQJ VXQJEVDQJ For each blanN space, choose the proper article (a, an, the,
inˉnitive (to...) form of the verb. Example: ‘Reading in the ,BBBKLPVWHDOLQJWKDWZRPDQȠVSXUVHWRFDWFKD BBBJLUOWKDW,WROG\RXDERXWLVVWDQGLQJRYHUWKHUH or no article):
darN is difˉcult.’ OR ‘'on’t forget to brush your teeth.’ 'RQȠWIRUJHWBBB\RXUPRWKHU FDXJKWEFDWFKHG ,KDYHBBBKHUPDQ\HPDLOVEXW,ȠYHQHYHUUHFHLYHGD
UHVSRQVHWRZULWHDZULWWHQEZURWH D$E7KHFQRDUWLFOH +HHDWVDORWRIBBBPHDW
BBBLVEDGIRU\RXUKHDOWK DWRFDOOEFDOOLQJ +HPXVWKDYHBBBEHHUVODVWQLJKWWRGULQND
GUDQNEGUXQN ,BBBRXWWKRVHVKRHVORQJDJRWRZHDUDZRUQE :KHUHGLG\RXJRODVWQLJKW":HZHQWWRBBB DDEWKHFQRDUWLFOH
D7RVPRNHE6PRNLQJ 6KHSURPLVHGBBBWRWKHWKHDWHUZLWKPH ZRUH UHVWDXUDQWWKDW\RXUHFRPPHQGHG
,BBBGRZQDQGEURNHP\DUP BBBIRRGWKDW\RXFRRNHGZDVYHU\JRRG
:KDWGR\RXZDQWBBBWRQLJKW" DWRJREJRLQJ +HVDLGWKDWKHBBBWZRDVSLULQVODVWQLJKWWRWDNH DDEWKHFQRDUWLFOH
DIDOOHQEIHOO DWDNHQEWRRN D$E7KHFQRDUWLFOH
DWRGREGRLQJ Answers +HLVBBBUHDOO\JRRGSHUVRQ
Answers 0\IDWKHUXVHGWRBBBDFURVVWKHODNHUHJXODUO\WR BBB&HOOSKRQHVGRQRWFDXVHFDQFHU
+HUGDXJKWHUGHFLGHGBBBDYHWHULQDULDQ EDDEDDDEDD VZLPDVZLPEVZDP DDEWKHFQRDUWLFOH
EEDDDEDDEE D$E7KHFQRDUWLFOH
DWREHFRPHEEHFRPLQJ Answers 0\EURWKHULVBBBH[SHUWDWˉ[LQJFDUV
Irregular verbs (part 1) +HKDVDOZD\VEHHQBBBYHU\JRRGER\
,KDYHGHFLGHGRQBBBDYHWHULQDULDQ Irregular verbs (part 2) DEEDDEDEED DDQEWKHFQRDUWLFOH
Choose the correct verb tense for each sentence: DDEWKHFQRDUWLFOH
DWREHFRPHEEHFRPLQJ Choose the correct verb tense for each sentence: BBB3DULVLVDEHDXWLIXOFLW\
+HBBBWRJHWYHU\DQJU\WREHJLQDEHJXQEEHJDQ Articles: mi[ed articles e[ercise 1 /HWȠVJRWRBBBEHDFK
,KRSHBBBWR%UD]LOWKLVVXPPHU ,BBBDWLUHRQWKHZD\WRZRUNWREORZDEOHZE DDEWKHFQRDUWLFOH
,BBBP\JODVVHVZKHQ,IHOOWREUHDNDEURNHQE EORZQ For each blanN space, choose the proper article (a, an, the, DDEWKHFQRDUWLFOH
DWRWUDYHOEWUDYHOLQJ EURNH or no article): 0\BBBWHDFKHUȠVQDPHLV:LOOLDP
:HKDYHBBBWRWKHVHDVLGHUHVRUWPDQ\WLPHVWR /HWȠVSOD\BBBYROOH\EDOO
7KHPDQIURP9HQH]XHODDSSHDUVBBBWKHEHVWGDQFHU 7KRVHNLGVKDYHBBBˉYHZLQGRZVSOD\LQJEDVHEDOO GULYHDGURYHEGULYHQ ,ORYHOLYLQJLQWKLVBBBFLW\ DDEWKHFQRDUWLFOH
LQWKHJURXS WREUHDNDEURNHQEEURNH DDEWKHFQRDUWLFOH
,KDYHQȠWBBBDELNHLQWKUHH\HDUVWRULGHDURGHE DDEWKHFQRDUWLFOH :HJRWRXUVRQBBBGRJIRU&KULVWPDV
DWREHEEHLQJ ,KDYHBBBVWXG\LQJ)UHQFKWREHJLQDEHJXQE ULGGHQ :KDWZRXOG\RXOLNHIRUBBBEUHDNIDVW"
EHJDQ *HQHUDOO\VSHDNLQJBBBER\VDUHSK\VLFDOO\VWURQJHU DDEWKHFQRDUWLFOH
ŘŹŷ ŘŹŷ
DDQEWKHFQRDUWLFOH ,FDQȠWOLYHRQBBBGROODUVDPRQWK or no article): DDEWKHFQRDUWLFOH ,GRQȠWNQRZDWDOO ,GRQȠWKDYHBBBFOXH DVKRXOGEFDQ

+HNQRZVKRZWRWUHDWBBBODG\ DDEWKHFQRDUWLFOH 'HQYHULVORFDWHGDWWKHIRRWRIBBB5RFN\0RXQWDLQV 6SDLQLVRQHRIBBBODUJHVW(XURSHDQFRXQWULHV DDEWKHFQRDUWLFOH <RXȠYHEHHQGULYLQJDOOGD\Ȟ<RXBBBEHH[KDXVWHG

DDEWKHFQRDUWLFOH 6RPHRQHFDOOBBBSROLFHPDQ DDEWKHFQRDUWLFOH DDEWKHFQRDUWLFOH ,KDYHBBBLGHD DVKRXOGEPXVW

,ȠYHEHHQZDLWLQJIRUBBBORQJWLPH DDEWKHFQRDUWLFOH 7RURQWRLVORFDWHGRQBBB/DNH2QWDULR Answers DDQEWKHFQRDUWLFOH <RXBBBVPRNHVRPXFK,WȠVEDGIRU\RXUKHDOWK

DDEWKHFQRDUWLFOH 6RPHRQHFDOOBBBSROLFH DDEWKHFQRDUWLFOH EFEFEEEFDE BBBWHDLQP\FXSLVWRRKRWWRGULQN DFDQȠWEVKRXOGQȠW

BBBRQO\MD]]PXVLFLDQ,OLNHLV0LOHV'DYLV DDEWKHFQRDUWLFOH 6DQ'LHJRLVORFDWHGQHDUBBB0H[LFDQERUGHU D$E7KHFQRDUWLFOH +H\,ȠPORVWBBB\RXKHOSPH"
Articles: mi[ed articles e[ercise 5
D$E7KHFQRDUWLFOH +HLVBBBUHDO$PHULFDQKHUR DDEWKHFQRDUWLFOH 7KH863UHVLGHQWOLYHVLQBBB:KLWH+RXVH D&DQE6KRXOG
For each blanN space, choose the proper article (a, an, the,
Answers DDEWKHFQRDUWLFOH /HWȠVJRWRBBB0H[LFR or no article): DDEWKHFQRDUWLFOH <RXKDYHVXFKDEHDXWLIXOYRLFHȞ<RXBBBVLQJIRU
XV
FEFDEFFDDE ,GRQȠWOLNHBBBGRJVEXW,OLNHP\EURWKHUȠVGRJ DDEWKHFQRDUWLFOH ,PRYHGWRBBB86$ZKHQ,ZDV\HDUVROG 0\SDUHQWVOLYHLQBBBZKLWHKRXVH
DVKRXOGEFDQ
DDEWKHFQRDUWLFOH BBB1LOHLVWKHORQJHVWULYHULQWKHZRUOG DDEWKHFQRDUWLFOH DDEWKHFQRDUWLFOH
Articles: mi[ed articles e[ercise 3 ,NQRZKHVSHDNVˉYHODQJXDJHVEXWBBBKHVSHDN
,KDYHQȠWVHHQKLPLQBBBˉYH\HDUV D$E7KHFQRDUWLFOH ,FDQVSHOODVZHOODVBBBPRVWVWXGHQWV Answers $UDELF"
For each blanN space, choose the proper article (a, an, the,
or no article): DDEWKHFQRDUWLFOH BBB6DKDUDLVWKHZRUOGȠVELJJHVWGHVHUW DDEWKHFQRDUWLFOH EFEDEDDEED DVKRXOGEFDQ

7KH\XVXDOO\VSHQGWKHLUKROLGD\VLQBBBPRXQWDLQV .REH%U\DQWLVBBBEDVNHWEDOOSOD\HU D$E7KHFQRDUWLFOH +HLVBBBPRVWIDPRXVDFWRU,NQRZ 7KDWORRNVYHU\H[SHQVLYH,WBBBKDYHFRVWDIRUWXQH
%asic modals e[ercise 1
DDEWKHFQRDUWLFOH DDEWKHFQRDUWLFOH ,VSRNHZLWKBBB&KLQHVHˉOPGLUHFWRUWKDW,WROG\RX DDEWKHFQRDUWLFOH DVKRXOGEPXVW
DERXW For each sentence, choose the modal (should, can, must)
/RV$QJHOHVKDVBBBLGHDOFOLPDWH Answers +XUU\XS:HGRQȠWKDYHBBBORWRIWLPH that is most appropriate. 1B: In American English, mmust} ,BBBEHOLHYHWKDW\RXIDLOHG\RXUWHVW
DDEWKHFQRDUWLFOH often sounds old-fashioned and/or bossy — it’s more
DDQEWKHFQRDUWLFOH EDEFDEDFFD DDEWKHFQRDUWLFOH natural inmost cases to say mhave to} as in m<ou have to DFDQȠWEVKRXOGQȠW
'R\RXVSHDNBBB&KLQHVH" be at the airport at } not m<ou must be at the airport at
7KLVLVBBBEHVW0H[LFDQUHVWDXUDQWLQWKHFRXQWU\ ,OLYHDURXQGKHUH ,OLYHLQBBBQHLJKERUKRRG }. ,ȠPRQP\ZD\,BBBEHWKHUHLQDERXWPLQXWHV
Articles: mi[ed articles e[ercise 4 DDEWKHFQRDUWLFOH
DDEWKHFQRDUWLFOH DDEWKHFQRDUWLFOH 6KHORRNVSUHWW\VLFNȞ,WKLQNVKHBBBJRWRDGRFWRU DVKRXOGEFDQ
For each blanN space, choose the proper article (a, an, the, ,QHHGBBBERWWOHRIZDWHU
ŘŹŷ ŘŹŷ
,ȠPVRUU\Ȟ,BBBDIIRUGWKDW DVKRXOGQȠWEFDQȠW 0i[ed verb tenses BBBPHODVWQLJKW" DKDVFDOOHGEFDOOFZDVFDOOLQJ 0i[ed verb tenses (part 3)

DFDQȠWEVKRXOGQȠW ,VQȠWWKDW&KDUOLHȠVXPEUHOOD"<HVKHBBBKDYHOHIWLW For each sentence, choose the correct tense of the verb. D+DYH\RXFDOOHGE'LG\RXFDOOF:HUH\RXFDOOHG ,BBBZDQWWRJRVZLPPLQJEXWWKHZDWHUZDVWRR For each sentence, choose the correct tense of the verb.
KHUH FROG
Answers -RKQBBBLQ6DQ'LHJRIRUWKHSDVW\HDUVDQGKH ,ZDVDWWKHFOXE\HVWHUGD\EXW,BBB\RX ,BBBIRUVHYHQKRXUVODVWQLJKW
\HVWHUGD\ VWLOOOLYHVWKHUH DKDYHZDQWHGEZDQWHGFDPZDQW
DEEDDEEDDD DKDYHQȠWVHHQEGLGQRWVDZFGLGQRWVHH DZDVVOHSWEVOHSWFKDVVOHSW
DVKRXOGEPXVW DOLYHGEZDVOLYHGFKDVOLYHG ,BBBEHDEOHWRVOHHSZHOOIRUDZHHNQRZ
,BBBWKLVXSVHWLQPDQ\\HDUV ,BBBWKDW\RXZHUHKHUH
%asic modals e[ercise 2 BBB,ERUURZ\RXUSHQIRUDPLQXWH" 0\EURWKHUBBBLQ6DQ'LHJRXSXQWLOODVW\HDU DGLGQȠWZDVEZDVQRWFKDYHQȠWEHHQ
DKDYHQȠWEHHQEZDVQRWFZDVQRWEHLQJ DZDVQȠWNQRZLQJEGLGQȠWNQHZFGLGQȠWNQRZ
For each sentence, choose the modal (should, can, must) D&DQE6KRXOG DZDVOLYHGEZDVOLYLQJFKDVOLYHG :KHQ,ˉUVWVDZKHUVKHBBBVWDQGRQWKHEDOFRQ\
that is most appropriate. 1B: InAmerican English, mmust} Answers :KHQ,FDPHWRWKLVFLW\,BBBDQ\RQH
often sounds old-fashioned and/or bossy — it’s more BBB\RXVSHDN-DSDQHVH"1R,FDQȠW ,ZRUNHGDVDJUDSKLFGHVLJQHUEHIRUH,BBBWR DZDVVWDQGLQJEKDVVWRRGFKDVEHHQVWDQGLQJ
natural in most cases to say mhave to} as in m<ou have to (QJODQG FEDEFFDEFD DKDYHQȠWNQRZQEGLGQȠWNQRZFZDVQȠWNQRZLQJ
be at the airport at } not m<ou must be at the airport at D&DQE0XVW 5HDOO\"<RXPRYHGWRDQHZDSDUWPHQW"+RZORQJ
}. DFDPHEKDYHFRPHFGLGFRPH BBBOLYHWKHUH" <RXNQRZZKHUH,OLYHȞ,BBBLQWKHVDPHSODFHIRU
,WȠVODWH,BBBJHWJRLQJ 0i[ed verb tenses (part 2) WKHSDVWWKUHH\HDUV
7KLVBBBEHGDQJHURXVLI\RXGRQȠWKDYHWKHULJKW BBBUHDGLQJWKHSDSHU\HW" DKDYH\RXEHHQOLYLQJEGLG\RXOLYHFGLG\RXOLYLQJ
HTXLSPHQW DFDQEVKRXOG For each sentence, choose the correct tense of the verb. DKDYHEHHQOLYLQJEKDGOLYHGFZDVOLYLQJ
D:HUH\RXˉQLVKHGE+DYH\RXˉQLVKHGF$UH\RX (YHU\WLPH,VHHWKDWPRYLHLWBBBPDNHPHFU\
DVKRXOGEFDQ ,VDZWKDWSHQWKLVPRUQLQJȨLWBBBEHDURXQGKHUH ˉQLVKLQJ ,BBBWDNHDVKRZHUZKHQ\RXFDOOHG <RXBBBP\EURWKHUKDYH\RX"
VRPHZKHUH DKDVPDGHEPDGHFPDNHV
<RXBBB\HOODW\RXUSDUHQWV,WȠVQRWQLFH ,BBBLQORYHWKUHHWLPHVLQP\OLIH DZDVWDNLQJEWRRNFZDVWDNHQ DKDYHQȠWVHHQEGLGQȠWVHHFGLGQȠWVDZ
DPXVWEFDQ ,BBBVWRSVPRNLQJWKUHH\HDUVDJR
DVKRXOGQȠWEFDQȠW DZDVEHLQJEZDVFKDYHEHHQ 0\EURWKHUBBBKDYHQHYHUEHHQWR(XURSHXQWLOKH :KHUHBBBODVWQLJKW"
,BBBXQGHUVWDQGZKDWKHȠVVD\LQJ ZHQWWKHUHODVW\HDU DKDYHVWRSSHGEKDYHEHHQVWRSSLQJFVWRSSHG
,BBBKDYHVHHQWKDWPRYLHHLJKWWLPHV ,BBBLQORYHZLWK0DU\EXWVKHOHIWPHIRUDQRWKHU DKDYH\RXJRQHEGLG\RXZHQWFGLG\RXJR
DVKRXOGQȠWEFDQȠW PDQ DKDVEKDGFKDGQȠW Answers
DPXVWEFDQ ,BBBLQEHGZKHQ,KHDUGWKHDFFLGHQWRXWVLGH
Answers DKDYHEHHQEZDVEHLQJFZDV 'LDQHBBBIHHOYHU\VLFNEXWVKHGHFLGHGWRJRRXW DEDFEFDDFF
,FDQȠWDOORZ\RXWRKDQJDURXQGKHUH ,BBBKDYH DQ\ZD\ DZDVO\LQJEOD\FKDYHODLQ
\RXKDQJLQJ EDDEEDDEDE )UDQNBBBWHQQLVIRUWKUHH\HDUVZKHQKHZDVDW
VFKRRO DZDVIHHOLQJEKDVEHHQIHHOLQJFKDVIHOW 'LG\RXMXVWBBBPHDOLDU"
DURXQGKHUH
DSOD\HGEKDVSOD\HGFZDVSOD\ +HBBBFDOOKHUDOOQLJKW DFDOOEFDOOHGFKDYHFDOOHG
ŘŹŷ ŘŹŷ
6KHLVDPHDQSHUVRQ,GRQȠWOLNHBBBWRKHU 7KHPRYLHWKDWZHBBBODVW0RQGD\ZDVUHDOO\DZIXO VLWWLQJFGLGVLW DJHWE\EJHWDURXQGFJHWRQ Answers ,WKRXJKWKHPRYLHZDVJRLQJWRHQGEXWLWMXVWBBB

WRVHHDKDYHVHHQEVDZFZHUHVHHLQJ
DWDONEWDONLQJFKDYHWDON +HFODLPHGWKDWKHKDGQHYHUVHHQWKDWPDQEXW, 6KHKDGDKDUGWLPHDIWHUWKHEUHDNXSEXWWKHQVKH DEFDFEDDEF DGUDJJHGLQEGUDJJHGRQFGUDJJHGLQWR
+HBBBKLVJUDQGGDXJKWHUGDLO\WRFDOODFDOOLQJE NQRZWKDWBBB GHFLGHGWRBBBZLWKKHUOLIH
,GRQȠWNQRZKRZBBB FDOOVFLVFDOOLQJ ,ȠPUHDOO\WLUHGEHFDXVH,BBBDW$0WKLVPRUQLQJ
DKHGLGEKHKDGFKHZDV DJHWDORQJEJHWLQFJHWRQ Phrasal verbs (part 2)
DGDQFHEGDQFLQJFWRGDQFH ,UHDGWKHERRNWKDW\RXJDYHPHȞFRXOG\RXBBBPH DJRWXSEJRWDURXQGFJRWRQ
DQRWKHURQH"WROHQGDWROHQGEZLOOOHQGFOHQG :KDWBBBWRKHUDERXWODVWQLJKW"WRVSHDNDKDYH 0\JLUOIULHQGȠVPRWKHUDQG,GRQȠWBBBDWDOO For each sentence, choose which phrasal verb ˉts best.
Answers \RXVSRNHQE\RXVSRNHFGLG\RXVSHDN )ULHQGVFDQKHOS\RXWRBBBDGLIˉFXOWWLPHLQ\RXU
+HBBBKHULIVKHKDGQȠWZDYHGWRKLPWRVHHD DJHWDORQJEJHWRQFJHWLQ 0\FDUBBBRQWKHIUHHZD\ OLIH
EFEDDFDDEF GLGQȠWVHHEZRXOGQRWKDYHVHHQFZLOOQRWKDYHVHHQ :KDWKDYH\RXEHHQGRLQJDOOGD\"BBB79"WR
ZDWFKDZDWFKEZDWFKLQJFKDYHZDWFKHG ,WȠV2.'RQȠWZRUU\<RXȠOOBBBWKLV DEURNHWKURXJKEEURNHXSFEURNHGRZQ DJHWDURXQGEJHWE\FJHWWKURXJK
Answers
0i[ed verb tenses (part 4) 6KHBBBOXQFKZKHQVRPHRQHUDQJWKHGRRUEHOO DJHWDORQJEJHWRQFJHWWKURXJK 7KHWKLHIPDQDJHGWRBBBWKHSROLFHEDUULFDGH Answers
DEDFFDEEFE WRSUHSDUHDZDVSUHSDULQJESUHSDUHGFKDVEHHQ
For each sentence, choose the correct form of the verb. SUHSDULQJ 7KHPXVHXP"<RXVKRXOGBBBDWWKHWKLUGVWRS DEUHDNWKURXJKEEUHDNLQFEUHDNRQ FDFDFEDEDF

%\WKHWLPH,JRWWRWKHKRWHOBBBDQ\URRPVOHIWWR 0i[ed verb tenses (part 5) 6KHQHYHUBBBZKHQVRPHRQHOHDYHVKHUDPHVVDJH DJHWWKURXJKEJHWRIIFJHWRQ 0\JLUOIULHQGDQG,BBBODVWPRQWK
EHDWKHUHZHUHQȠWEWKHUHKDGQȠWEHHQFWKHUHLVQȠW WRFDOOEDFNDKDVFDOOHGEDFNEFDOOVEDFNFZLOOFDOO Phrasal verbs (part 3)
For each sentence, choose the correct form of the verb. EDFN $VVRRQDVKHBBBWKHKRUVH,NQHZWKDWKHKDGQHYHU DEURNHWKURXJKEEURNHLQFEURNHXS
,ZDVDIUDLGWRDVNKHURXWEHFDXVHVKHBBBPH EHHQRQRQHEHIRUH For each sentence, choose which phrasal verb ˉts best.
EHIRUHWRUHMHFWDZDVUHMHFWLQJEKDGUHMHFWHGF ,QHYHUBBB\RXWKDW,ORYHGKHU,RQO\VDLGWKDW, Answers +H\BBBWKHJLUOZLWKWKHUHGKDLU6KHȠVYHU\SUHWW\
UHMHFWHG OLNHGKHUWRWHOODWROGEKDYHWROGFZDVWHOOLQJ DJRWRQEJRWDURXQGFJRWLQ +RZGR\RXBBBWKHULVHLQFULPHWKLV\HDU"
DEFEDEFEDE DFKHFNRXWEFKHFNLQFFKHFNDW
,BBBWRPXVLFZKHQVKHFDPHLQWROLVWHQDZDV ,BBBWR*UHHFHXQWLO6DOO\DQG,ZHQWWKHUHODVW ,BBBP\ROGFRXFKDQGQHHGWREX\DQHZRQH DDFFRXQWIRUEDFFRXQWLQFDFFRXQWWR
OLVWHQLQJEOLVWHQHGFKDYHEHHQOLVWHQLQJ VXPPHUWREHDKDYHQHYHUEHHQEKDGQHYHUEHHQ BBB7KLQJVZLOOJHWEHWWHU
FZDVQHYHUEHLQJ Phrasal verbs («to get…») DJRWULGEJRWULGRIFJRWRII 'R\RXIHHOOLNHSOD\LQJVRFFHU" $UH\RXBBBVRPH
:KDWKDYH\RXEHHQGRLQJ",BBBDORWWRZRUND D&KHHURQE&KHHUDWF&KHHUXS VRFFHU"
KDYHZRUNHGEZRUNHGFKDYHEHHQZRUNLQJ %\WKHWLPH,ȠP,BBBDPLOOLRQGROODUVWRPDNH For each sentence, choose which phrasal verb ˉts best. ,ȠPUHDOO\WLUHGEHFDXVH,BBBDW$0WKLVPRUQLQJ
DZLOOPDNHEZRXOGPDNHFZLOOKDYHPDGH 7KHSROLFHDUHWU\LQJWRBBBRQGUXQNGULYHUV DXSIRUEXSWRFXSZLWK
/DVWQLJKW,BBBWKDW,ZDVOLYLQJLQ&KLQDWRGUHDP 7KHULYHUȠVFXUUHQWLVYHU\VWURQJ,WZLOOEHKDUGWR DJRWDURXQGEJRWXSFJRWRQ
DGUHDPHGEKDYHGUHDPHGFGUHDPW ,ZDQWBBBWKHH[HUFLVHVIRUDGYDQFHGVWXGHQWVWR BBB DFUDFNXSEFUDFNGRZQFFUDFNWKURXJK 0\JLUOIULHQGDQG,BBBODVWPRQWK
WU\DWU\EWRWU\FWRKDYHWULHG )ULHQGVFDQKHOS\RXWRBBBDGLIˉFXOWWLPHLQ\RXU
,GRQȠWNQRZZK\\RXLQVLVWRQBBBWR&DPERGLDWR DJHWDFURVVEJHWLQFJHWDURXQG OLIH +HLVVRIXQQ\+HUHDOO\FUDFNVPHBBB DEURNHWKURXJKEEURNHLQFEURNHXS
JRDJRLQJEWRJRFWREHJRLQJ +H\\RXBBBDWWKHFRPSXWHUDOOGD\<RXVKRXOG
UHDOO\WDNHDEUHDNWRVLWDKDYHEHHQVLWWLQJEZHUH <RXUHDOO\QHHGDFDULQWKLVFLW\WRBBB DJHWDURXQGEJHWE\FJHWWKURXJK DXSEDURXQGFRQ ,I\RXȠUHWHOOLQJVRPHRQHWRBBB\RXȠUHWHOOLQJWKHP
ŘŹŷ ŘŹŷ
WRUHOD[ Phrasal verbs (part 4) Phrasal verbs (part 5) ˉVKȞ3/85$/BBB XQFOHȞ3/85$/BBB 0\IULHQGBBBZRUNLVIURP-DSDQ

DFDOPRXWEFDOPGRZQFFDOPLQ For each sentence, ˉll in the blanN with the correct Fill in the proper preposition for each phrasal verb: FKLOGȞ3/85$/BBB PRXVHȞ3/85$/BBB DDWELQFDURXQG
preposition.
7KLVLVWKHWLPHRI\HDUZKHQVWRUHVBBBWKHLUSULFHV ,WȠVQRWSROLWHWRFRPHBBB HQWHUZLWKRXWNQRFNLQJ WRRWKEUXVKȞ3/85$/BBB KRXVHȞ3/85$/BBB ,ZDNHXSBBB$0HYHU\PRUQLQJ
VR\RXFDQJHWJRRGGHDOV <RXJDLQHGVRPHZHLJKW <RXSXWBBBDIHZSRXQGV
,WROGKHUDMRNHWRFKHHUKHUBBB WRPDNHKHU ZRPDQȞ3/85$/BBB WRRWKȞ3/85$/BBB DDURXQGERQFLQ
DPDUNRQEPDUNWKURXJKFPDUNGRZQ 'RQȠWWHOODQ\RQHDERXWLW .HHSLWBBB\RXUVHOI KDSSLHU
PDQȞ3/85$/BBB OLIHȞ3/85$/BBB 7KDQN\RXBBBWHOOLQJPHDERXWWKLV
0\JLUOIULHQGDQG,KDGDELJˉJKW\HVWHUGD\EXWZH +DYH\RXEHHQLQFRQWDFWZLWK6DUDK" +DYH\RX 3OHDVHZULWHBBB\RXUHPDLODGGUHVV
BBBDOPRVWLPPHGLDWHO\ KHDUGBBB6DUDK" WR\Ȟ3/85$/BBB WRPDWRȞ3/85$/BBB DLQEE\FIRU
<RXFDQFRXQWBBBPH
DPDGHXSEPDGHLQFPDGHRQ ,ȠYHEHHQVSHQGLQJWLPHZLWKKHU ,ȠYHEHHQ H[HUFLVHȞ3/85$/BBB VKHHSȞ3/85$/BBB :KRGLG\RXEX\WKLVBBB"
KDQJLQJBBBZLWKKHU ,ORRNBBBWRVHHLQJ\RXVRRQ
:KHQ,BBBRQP\OLIH,GRQȠWUHJUHWDVLQJOHWKLQJ ˊ\Ȟ3/85$/BBB Answers DIURPERQFLQ
3OHDVHWDNHFDUHRIP\OLWWOHVLVWHU 3OHDVHORRNBBB 'RQȠWKDQJBBBWKHSKRQH
DORRNEDFNEORRNGRZQFORRNWKURXJK P\OLWWOHVLVWHU IRRWȞ3/85$/BBB DJHQFLHVPRWKHUVOLEUDULHVXQFOHVPLFH 7KHIDFWRU\ZRUNHUVKDYHEHHQBBBVWULNHVLQFH
,ZRNHBBBDW KRXVHVWHHWKOLYHVWRPDWRHVVKHHS -DQXDU\
BBBWKHJUDVV&DQȠW\RXVHHWKHVLJQ" +HGLVDSSRLQWHGPH +HOHWPHBBB IXUQLWXUHȞ3/85$/BBB
:HKDYHWRJHWBBBDWWKHQH[WVWRS DRQELQFDERXW
D.HHSRXWE.HHSRQF.HHSRII <RXFDQWUXVWPH <RXFDQFRXQWBBBPH Answers Prepositions
7KHIURJWXUQHGBBB EHFDPHDSULQFH BBB\RXDQGPH,GRQȠWWKLQNKHȠVDYHU\JRRGWHDFKHU
7KHRWKHUUXQQHUVKDGDKDUGWLPHBBBZLWKKLP :HRIWHQHDWLQUHVWDXUDQWV :HRIWHQHDWBBB ˉVKFKLOGUHQWRRWKEUXVKHVZRPHQPHQ Choose the correct preposition for each sentence.
GXULQJWKHUDFH ,ȠPVRUU\LWGLGQȠWZRUNBBB LWZDVQȠWVXFFHVVIXO WR\VH[HUFLVHVˊLHVIHHWIXUQLWXUH D7KURXJKE%HWZHHQF$PRQJ
,FDQȠWXQGHUVWDQGZK\\RXZRXOGVD\WKDW ,FDQȠW ,ȠPRIIIRUWZRZHHNVBBB$XJXVW
DNHHSLQJRXWENHHSLQJRQFNHHSLQJXS ˉJXUHBBBZK\\RXZRXOGVD\WKDW Answers 'LG\RXGRLWBBBSXUSRVH"1RLWZDVDQDFFLGHQW
Plural form of nouns (part 2) DRQELQFDW
+HZLOOBBBGRLQJLWXQWLO\RXWHOOKLPWRVWRS +HLVSODQQLQJVRPHWKLQJ +HLVXSBBBVRPHWKLQJ LQXSGRZQRQIRUZDUGXSXSRII DE\ELQFRQ
LQWRRXW Fill in each blanN space with the correct plural form of 7KHGRJLVDVOHHSBBBWKHWUHH
DNHHSRQENHHSLQFNHHSWR Answers the noun. (ex. tree — trees): Answers
DRYHUEDJDLQVWFXQGHU
Answers RQWRIURPRXWDIWHUGRZQRQRXW Plural form of nouns DJHQF\Ȟ3/85$/BBB EFEDDFDDEF
RXWWR ,KDYHOLYHGLQWKLVDSDUWPHQWBBB
DEFEFDDFFD Fill in each blanN space with the correct plural form of PRWKHUȞ3/85$/BBB
the noun. (ex. tree — trees): DLQEVLQFHFDW
OLEUDU\Ȟ3/85$/BBB
ŘŹŷ ŘŹŷ
Prepositions (part 2) DDERXWERQFLQ 7KHPRVWH[SHQVLYHVWRUHVDUHORFDWHGBBB)LIWK OLNH\RXZHUHQȠW D1235(326,7,21ERQFLQ . commands (ex. come) become inˉnitive (ex. to come)
$YHQXH Choose the best response:
Choose the correct preposition for each sentence. 6KHLVBBBDGRXEWWKHEHVWVWXGHQWLQWKHFODVV 6KHKDVHYHU\WKLQJXQGHUFRQWURO 6KHLVBBBWRSRI ,VDZKHUBBBWKHIRXUWKRI-XO\
,IVRPHRQHLVDOZD\VEXVLO\PRYLQJDURXQG\RXFDQ WKLQJV ȟ+HZLOOFRPHWRPRUURZȠ6KHWROGPHWKDWKHBBB
,WȠVBBBWLPH\RXWROGKLPWKHWUXWK DRXWVLGHEZLWKRXWFDERXW VD\WKH\ȠUHmBBBWKHJR} D1235(326,7,21ERQFLQ WRPRUURZ
7KHUHZDVDˉUHBBBRQHRIWKHHPSW\DSDUWPHQWV
DRQELQFDERXW BBBRXUYLVLWWR-DSDQZHVDZDORWRILQWHUHVWLQJ ,GLGQȠWOLNHKHUBBBˉUVWEXWZHHQGHGXSEHFRPLQJ ,VDZKHUBBBODVWZHHN DLVFRPLQJEZLOOFRPHFZRXOGFRPH
SODFHV IULHQGV ,KDYHYHU\EDGYLVLRQHVSHFLDOO\BBBQLJKW
7KHVRFFHUSOD\HUZDVHMHFWHGEHFDXVHKHKDGGRQH D1235(326,7,21ERQFLQ ȟ,VHHWKHFORXGVȠ+HWROGPHWKDWVKHBBBWKHFORXGV
VRPHWKLQJWKDWZDVBBBWKHUXOHV D:KLOHE'XULQJF7KURXJK ,KDWHVWDQGLQJBBBOLQH,ȠPYHU\LPSDWLHQW Answers
,VDZKHUBBBWKHPDOOLQ*OHQGDOH DVHHVELVVHHLQJFVDZ
DDJDLQVWEZLWKRXWFRXWVLGH BBBWKH\HDU,ȠYHVSRNHQWRKHUˉYHWLPHV Answers LQDWRQLQDWRQDWRQLQDW
D1235(326,7,21EDWFWR ȟ0\PRWKHULVWDNLQJWKHEXVWRZRUNWRPRUURZȠ+H
$QRWKHUZD\RIVD\LQJȟROGIDVKLRQHGȠLVȟBBBWKH D,QE'XULQJF7KURXJKRXW RQDWRQLQDWLQRQRQDWLQ WROGPHWKDWKLVPRWKHUBBBWKHEXVWR
WLPHVȠ Preposition or no preposition? :HDUHSODQQLQJWRJRBBB6DQWD0RQLFDEHDFKWKLV
Answers DIWHUQRRQ ZRUNWRPRUURZ
DEHVLGHEEHKLQGFRXWVLGH Prepositions (on, at in — part 2) For each sentence, ˉll in the blanN with the correct
FDEDFDDEEF response. D1235(326,7,21EDWFWR DLVWDNLQJEZDVWDNLQJFZLOOWDNH
<RXVKRXOGQȠWSLFNBBBKLPMXVWEHFDXVHKHȠV For each sentence, ˉll in the blanN with either on, at, or
GLIIHUHQW in. ,DPJRLQJBBBKRPHLQDERXWKDOIDQKRXU :HDUHSODQQLQJWRJRBBBVZLPPLQJWKLVDIWHUQRRQ ȟ,ZLOOFDOO\RXȠ,WROGKHUWKDW,BBBKHU
Prepositions (on, at in)
DRQEWRFZLWK ,GLGQȠWOLNH7RPZKHQ,PHWKLPEXWBBBWLPHZH D1235(326,7,21EWRFDW D1235(326,7,21EDWFWR DZLOOFDOOEZRXOGFDOOFZRXOGKDYHFDOOHG
For each sentence, ˉll in the blanN with either on, at, or EHFDPHIULHQGV
%HLQJDQXUVHLVKDUGZRUNHVSHFLDOO\LI\RXȠUHBBB in. ,ȠYHEHHQBBBZRUNIRUWKHSDVWWZRKRXUV Answers ȟ,KDYHEHHQWKHUHȠ6KHWROGPHWKDWVKHBBBWKHUH
FDOODOOWKHWLPH 'RLWULJKWDZD\ 'RLWBBBRQFH
+RZDUGZDVODWHDJDLQȞ+HQHYHUFRPHVBBBWLPH D1235(326,7,21EWRFDW 1235(326,7,21DW1235(326,7,21WR DKDGEHHQEKDVEHHQFZDV
DLQEZLWKFRQ :HERXJKWWKHVHFORWKHVBBBVDOH 1235(326,7,21RQ1235(326,7,21DWWR
,KDYHDORWRIWKLQJVWRGRBBBZRUNWRGD\ ,ȠPJRLQJBBBFDPSLQJWKLVZHHNHQG 1235(326,7,21 ȟ,ZLOOEHVWXG\LQJWRPRUURZȠ,WROGKLPWKDW,BBB
7KHDQLPDOKRVSLWDO",WȠVVRPHZKHUHBBBWKDWELJ 7KHUHDUHORWVRIKDQGVRPHPHQBBBWKHQDY\ WRPRUURZ
EOXHEXLOGLQJ :HERXJKWWKHVHFORWKHVBBBVDOH D1235(326,7,21EWRFDW
+H\GLGQȠW,VHH\RXBBB-XOLHȠVSDUW\:KDWȠV\RXU Reported speech 1 DZLOOEHVWXG\LQJEZRXOGEHVWXG\LQJFZLOOVWXG\
DDURXQGEDERXWFRQ :KDWGLG\RXOHDUQBBBFODVVWRGD\" QDPH" ,KDYHWRJRBBBZRUNLQDERXWWHQPLQXWHV
With reported speech, the pattern is the following: 1. ȟ2SHQWKHZLQGRZȠ+HDVNHGPHBBBWKHZLQGRZ
6KHȠVWKHNLQGRIJLUOZKRNQRZVHYHU\WKLQJBBB +H\GLGQȠW,VHH\RXBBBWKH.LOOHUVFRQFHUW" ,XVXDOO\GRQȠWZRUNBBBZHHNHQGV D1235(326,7,21EWRFDW simple present becomes simple past 2. future tenses
HYHU\RQH becomes conditional 3. present continuous becomes DWRRSHQERSHQFRSHQHG
&KLOGUHQ'RQȠWSOD\BBBWKHVWUHHW,WȠVGDQJHURXV ,NQRZ\RXȠUHP\IULHQGEXWBBBWLPHV\RXEHKDYH ,VDZ6DUDKRQWKHVWUHHWBBB\HVWHUGD\ past continuous 4. present perfect becomes past perfect
ŘŹŷ ŘŹŷ
Ƞ,DPKDSS\Ƞ6KHWROGPHWKDWVKHBBBKDSS\ DZRXOGYLVLWXVEZLOOYLVLWXVFYLVLWVXV ȟ,KDYHEHHQWRWKDWEDUȠ+HWROGPHWKDWKHBBBWR +H\GLG\RXWDONWRKHU"<HV,BBBWRKHU ,BBBYROOH\EDOOLQVHYHUDOPRQWKV DKDYHJRQHRXWEZHQWRXW

WKDWEDU
DKDVEHHQELVFZDV ȟ,WDONWRP\EURWKHUHYHU\GD\Ƞ+HWROGPHWKDWKHBBB DZDVWDONLQJEWDONHG DKDYHQȠWSOD\HGEGLGQȠWSOD\ ,BBBWRZRUNHYHU\GD\WKLVZHHN
WRKLVEURWKHU DKDGEHHQEZLOOKDYHEHHQFLVEHLQJ
ȟ,KDYHVHHQWKDWPRYLHȠ+HWROGPHWKDWKHBBBWKDW ,BBBKRPHYHU\ODWHODVWQLJKW ,BBB\RXDWWKHSDUW\ODVWQLJKW DKDYHZDONHGEZDONHG
PRYLH DZDVWDONLQJEWDONHGFLVWDONLQJ ȟ,DPZULWLQJDQHPDLOWRP\JLUOIULHQGȠ+HWROGPH
WKDWKHBBBDQHPDLOWRKLVJLUOIULHQG DFDPHEZDVFRPLQJ DKDYHQȠWVHHQEGLGQȠWVHH Answers
DKDGVHHQEZLOOKDYHVHHQFKDVVHHQ ȟ0\IULHQGZLOOKHOSPHVWXG\Ƞ6KHWROGPHWKDWKHU
IULHQGBBBKHUVWXG\ DLVZULWLQJEZDVZULWLQJFZULWHV +RZORQJBBBWKHˊX" -DFNȠVVLVWHUBBBKHUIULHQGLQ/RQGRQODVW\HDU KDYHQȠWSOD\HGGLGQȠWVHHYLVLWHGKDYHQȠWWROG
ȟ,DPˊ\LQJWR,QGLDWRPRUURZȠ+HWROGPHWKDWKH GLGQȠWWHOOKDYHOLYHGKDYHOLYHGOLYHGZHQW
BBBWRPRUURZ DZLOOKHOSEKHOSVFZRXOGKHOS Answers DGLG\RXKDYHEZHUH\RXKDYLQJ DKDVYLVLWHGEYLVLWHG RXWKDYHZDONHG

DLVˊ\LQJEZDVˊ\LQJFZLOOˊ\ ȟ0DU\LVOLYLQJLQ0LDPL}0\IULHQGWROGPHWKDW DEFEDEFEDE BBBDJRRGWLPHLQ%UD]LO"<HV,KDGDEODVW ,BBBLQDVPDOOWRZQLQ,WDO\
0DU\BBBLQ0LDPL Simple past
Answers D:HUH\RXKDYLQJE'LG\RXKDYH DKDYHEHHQERUQEZDVERUQ
DOLYHVEZDVOLYLQJFLVOLYLQJ Simple past or past continuous? Fill in each blanN space with the simple past tense of the
FFEEDEDFDE :HBBBEUHDNIDVWZKHQVKHZDONHGLQWRWKHURRP <RXBBBKHUKDYH\RX" verb in parentheses.
ȟ,KDYHVHHQWKDWPRYLH}6KHWROGPHWKDWVKHBBB Choose which verb tense (simple past or past continuous)
WKDWPRYLH ˉts better. DKDGEZHUHKDYLQJ DKDYHQȠWWROGEGLGQȠWWHOO <HVWHUGD\,WRKDYHBBBDUHDOO\EDGGD\,WRZDNHBBB
Reported speech 2 XSDWRȠFORFNEHFDXVH,WRIRUJHWBBBWRVHWP\DODUP
DKDGVHHQEKDVVHHQFVDZ ,BBBDQG,GLGQȠWKHDU\RXFRPHLQ /DVWPRQWK,GHFLGHGWREX\DQHZFDUDQGWRGD\, <RXBBBKHUGLG\RX" FORFNWKHQLJKWEHIRUH,JHWBBBXSDVIDVWDV,FDQ
With reported speech, the pattern is the following: ˉQDOO\BBBLW BBBDQG,WRSXWBBBRQVRPHFORWKHV,UDQLQWRWKH
ȟ,ZLOOEHLQ3DULVQH[WZHHNȠ,WROGKLPWKDW,BBBLQ DZDVVOHHSLQJEVOHSW DKDYHQȠWWROGEGLGQȠWWHOO NLWFKHQDQGWRPDNHBBBP\VHOIDFXSRIFRIIHH7KHQ
VLPSOHSUHVHQWEHFRPHVVLPSOHSDVW 3DULVQH[WZHHN DERXJKWEZDVEX\LQJ ,BBBWRGULQNWKHFRIIHHYHU\IDVWDQG,WRUXQBBBWR
,BBBWRVHHKHUWZLFHEXWVKHZDVQȠWKRPH ,BBBLQ/RV$QJHOHVIRUˉYH\HDUVDQG,VWLOOOLYH P\FDU,WWREHBBBDWHUULEOHPRUQLQJ
IXWXUHWHQVHVEHFRPHVFRQGLWLRQDO DZLOOEHEZRXOGEHFDP Answers WKHUH
DZDVFRPLQJEFDPH Answers
SUHVHQWFRQWLQXRXVEHFRPHVSDVWFRQWLQXRXV ȟ7XUQRIIWKHOLJKWȠ+HDVNHGPHBBBWKHOLJKW ZDVVOHHSLQJFDPHZHUH\RXGRLQJVWROH DKDYHOLYHGEOLYHG
:KDWBBB",ZDVZDWFKLQJ79 WDONHGFDPHGLG\RXKDYH'LG\RXKDYHZHUH KDGZRNHIRUJRWJRWFRXOGSXWPDGH
SUHVHQWSHUIHFWEHFRPHVSDVWSHUIHFW DWRWXUQHGRIIEWXUQRIIFWRWXUQRII KDYLQJERXJKW ,BBBLQ/RV$QJHOHVIRUˉYH\HDUVEXW,QRORQJHU GUDQNUDQZDV
DGLG\RXGREZHUH\RXGRLQJ OLYHWKHUH
FRPPDQGVH[FRPHEHFRPHLQˉQLWLYHH[WR Ƞ,DPDJRRGGDQFHUȠ6KHWROGPHWKDWVKHBBBDJRRG
FRPH&KRRVHWKHEHVWUHVSRQVH GDQFHU 5RELQ+RRGZDVDFKDUDFWHUZKRBBBIURPWKHULFK Simple past or present perfect? DKDYHOLYHGEOLYHG Simple present or present continuous?
DQGJDYHWRWKHSRRU
ȟ6KHZLOOYLVLWXVQH[WZHHN}6KHWROGPHWKDWVKH DLVEZDVFZLOOEH Choose which verb tense (simple past or present perfect) 0\JLUOIULHQGDQG,BBBWKUHHWLPHVODVWZHHN Choose which verb tense (simple present or present
BBBQH[WZHHN DVWROHEZDVVWHDOLQJ ˉts better. continuous) ˉts better.
ŘŹŷ ŘŹŷ
,DOZD\VBBBP\EHVW 'RQȠWWDONVRORXGO\Ȟ%ULDQBBBWRVOHHS ,VWKHUHBBBHYLGHQFHWKDWKHȠVJXLOW\" DVRPHRQHEDQ\RQH Answers Whole or all?

DWU\EDPWU\LQJ DWULHVELVWU\LQJ DVRPHEDQ\ BBBWROGPHWKDWVKHKDGDER\IULHQG VRPHDQ\RQH6RPHRQHDQ\RQHVRPH Fill in each blanN space with the correct response.
$Q\DQ\ZKHUHDQ\VRPHRQHDQ\RQH
,ȠPVRUU\BBBWRPH" Answers ,KDYHQȠWVHHQKHUIRUBBBWLPHQRZ D6RPHRQHE$Q\RQH ,ȠYHEHHQZDLWLQJIRU\RXP\BBBOLIH

DDUH\RXWDONLQJEGLG\RXWDON WU\DUH\RXWDONLQJDPJRLQJGR\RXQRUPDOO\ DVRPHEDQ\ ,ZRQGHULIBBBZLOOVKRZXSDWWKHPHHWLQJ 7here, the\’re, their DZKROHEDOO
HDWOHDYHVZHȠUHHDWLQJGLG\RXKDYH$UH\RX
,BBBWRWKHPRXQWDLQVWKLVZHHNHQG KDYLQJZHUHKDYLQJLVWU\LQJ 2XURUGHULVGXHWRDUULYHBBBGD\QRZ DVRPHRQHEDQ\RQH Fill in each blanN space with there, they’re or their. BBBP\OLIH,ȠYHEHHQZDLWLQJIRU\RX

DJREDPJRLQJ DVRPHEDQ\ ,PHWKHUBBBWLPHODVWVXPPHU ,UHDOO\GRQȠWZDQWWRJRBBBDJDLQ D:KROHE$OO
Some or an\?
:KDWWLPHBBBOXQFK" +DYH\RXVHHQP\QRWHERRN",FDQȠWˉQGLWBBB DVRPHEDQ\ ,ȠPDOZD\VZURQJDQGBBBDOZD\VULJKW 7KHVWRUPGHVWUR\HGBBBQHLJKERUKRRGVRIWKHFLW\
Fill in each blanN space with the correct response.
DGR\RXQRUPDOO\HDWEDUH\RXQRUPDOO\HDWLQJ DVRPHZKHUHEDQ\ZKHUH BBBUHDVRQZK\\RXȠUHVRXSVHW" ,UHDOO\WKLQNWKDWBBBWKHRQHVZKRDUHUHVSRQVLEOH DDOOEZKROH
,ZHQWWRWKHWRXULVWRIˉFHWRJHWBBBLQIRUPDWLRQ IRUWKLV
,KDYHWRJRWREHGHDUO\WRQLJKWEHFDXVHP\WUDLQ ,KDYHQȠWVKRZQ\RXBBBRIP\SKRWRV\HW D6RPHE$Q\ 6KHVSHQWBBBGD\ZLWKKHUQHZER\IULHQG
BBBDW$0WRPRUURZPRUQLQJ DVRPHEDQ\ ,ˉ[HGBBBFDU
DVRPHEDQ\ ,GRQȠWIHHOOLNHJRLQJBBB DWKHZKROHEDOOWKH
DLVOHDYLQJEOHDYHV 7KHZRPDQVDLGWKH\GLGQȠWKDYHBBBPRUH ,GLGQȠWNQRZBBBZRXOGEHVRPDQ\SHRSOHKHUH
DSSOLFDWLRQV Answers DVRPHZKHUHEDQ\ZKHUH 7KHBBBWLPHVKHZDVLQ)UDQFHVKHQHYHUERXJKWD
:HQRUPDOO\HDWOXQFKDWQRRQEXWWRGD\BBBDW <RXPHDQBBBQRWFRPLQJWRQLJKW" EDJXHWWH
DVRPHEDQ\ VRPHDQ\6RPHRQHVRPH6RPHDQ\ ,WȠVGLIˉFXOWWROLYHZLWKRXWBBBPRQH\ZKDWVRHYHU
DZHȠUHHDWLQJEZHHDW VRPHDQ\DQ\ZKHUHDQ\ 5REHUWZDVBBBRQO\IULHQG DZKROHEDOO
BBBFDOOHG\RXODVWQLJKW DVRPHEDQ\
+RZORQJBBBWKHˊX ,Q/RV$QJHOHVSHRSOHUHDOO\ORYHBBBFDUV +HWKLQNVWKDWBBBWKHSHRSOHLQWKLVFLW\DUHSRRU
D6RPHRQHE$Q\RQH Some or an\? (part 2) ,UDQLQWRBBBWKDW,GLGQȠWZDQWWRVHH
DGLG\RXKDYHEZHUH\RXKDYLQJ :HUHBBBPDQ\SHRSOHDWWKHJDPH" DZKROHEDOO
,QHHGBBBWLPHWRWKLQNDERXWWKLV Fill in each blanN space with the correct response. DVRPHRQHEDQ\RQH
BBBDJRRGWLPH"<HV,ȠPUHDOO\HQMR\LQJWKLV +HGLGQȠWDSSURYHRIBBBZD\RIOLIH BBBWRZQZDVGHVWUR\HGE\WKHWRUQDGR
DVRPHEDQ\ *REX\BBBPLON 7KLVWHVWLVVRHDV\WKDWBBBFDQSDVVLW
D$UH\RXKDYLQJE'R\RXKDYH Answers D$OOE7KHZKROH
BBBGD\ZHȠOOEHWRJHWKHU DVRPHEDQ\ DVRPHRQHEDQ\RQH
:HBBBEUHDNIDVWZKHQVKHZDONHGLQWRWKHURRP WKHUHWKH\ȠUHWKH\ȠUHWKHLUWKHUHWKH\ȠUH ,FDQȠWEHOLHYH,DWHBBBVDODG
D6RPHE$Q\ ,GLGQȠWVHHBBBWKDW,NQHZDWWKHSDUW\ WKHLUWKHLUWKHUHWKHLU
DKDGEZHUHKDYLQJ DWKHDOOEWKHZKROH
ŘŹŷ ŘŹŷ
,FDQȠWEHOLHYHWKDW,DWHBBBVWUDZEHUULHV 7KHVHDUHVRPHRIWKHSHRSOHBBBKDYHKHOSHGPHLQ 7KHLQIRUPDWLRQZDVTXLWHBBBGDPDJHGGDPDJLQJ IURPZDONLQJVRPXFK JRLQJRQDWULS 7KHWUHHLVJRLQJWRIDOOBBBLVJRLQJWRIDOO

WKHSDVW WRKLVUHSXWDWLRQ
DDOOWKHEWKHZKROH 0RVWRIWKHIDQVZHUHBBBGLVDSSRLQWLQJGLVDSSRLQWH $P,DJRRGVWXGHQW<HVBBBDUHDJRRGVWXGHQW -RKQDQGKLVJLUOIULHQGKDGDQDUJXPHQWBBBKDGDQ
,KDYHQRLGHDBBBOHIWWKHOLJKWVRQDOOQLJKW ,ZDVBBBDPXVLQJDPXVHGE\WKHZD\VKHDFWHG GZLWKWKHFRQFHUW DUJXPHQW
,ȠYHWUDYHOHGDFURVVBBB*HUPDQ\ 0\FDWVDUHKXQJU\BBBDUHKXQJU\
Answers 'R\RXˉQGWKLVW\SHRIKXPRUBBBDPXVLQJDPXVH 7KLVLVBBBH[FLWHGH[FLWLQJQHZV -LPDQG,DUHWKHVDPHDJHBBBDUHWKHVDPHDJH
DDOORIEZKROHRI G" 0U-RQHVLVDJRRGWHDFKHUBBBLVDJRRGWHDFKHU
ZKRZKRPZKRVHZKRZKRPZKRVH +LVH[SODQDWLRQZDVQȠWYHU\BBBFRQYLQFHG 0\SDVVSRUWLVLQP\EDJBBBLVLQP\EDJ
Answers ZKRZKRVHZKRZKR Answers FRQYLQFLQJ ,V&KLQHVHDGLIˉFXOWODQJXDJH<HVBBBLVDGLIˉFXOW
ODQJXDJH 0\FRXVLQ*HRUJHMXVWJUDGXDWHGIURPKLJKVFKRRO
ZKROH$OOZKROHWKHZKROHZKROHDOO LQWHUHVWLQJLQWHUHVWHGERULQJERUHG 7KHZRPDQZRUNHGIRUKRXUVVWUDLJKW6KHZDV BBBMXVWJUDGXDWHGIURPKLJKVFKRRO
7KHZKROHWKHZKROHDOOWKHDOORI Participles used as adjectives 1 DQQR\LQJDQQR\HGGDPDJHGGDPDJLQJ BBBH[KDXVWLQJH[KDXVWHG 0\EURWKHUDQG,OLYHWRJHWKHUBBBOLYHWRJHWKHU
DPXVHGDPXVLQJ Answers
Past participles ‘-ed’ are used to describe how people Answers Answers
Who, whom, whose feel, while present participles ‘-ing’ are used to describe +H7KH\6KH:H,,W7KH\:H,W
something that causes the feelings. Choose the correct Participles used as adjectives 2 UHOD[HGGHSUHVVLQJVDWLVˉHGHPEDUUDVVLQJ 7KH\+HVKH,W:H\RX7KH\+H +H
Fill in each blanN space with who, whom or whose. word: WLUHGVZROOHQGLVDSSRLQWHGH[FLWLQJ LW:H
Past participles ‘-ed’ are used to describe how people FRQYLQFLQJH[KDXVWHG
&RXOG\RXSOHDVHWHOOPHBBBWKDWZDV" 7KHPRYLHZDVUHDOO\BBBLQWHUHVWHGLQWHUHVWLQJ feel, while present participles ‘-ing’ are used to describe Prepositions after adjectives 1
something that causes the feelings. Choose the correct Personal prounouns 2
7KHPHQWZRRIBBBZHUHGUXQNZDONHGYHU\VORZO\ ,WKRXJKWLWZDVDJRRGOHFWXUHEXW,ZDVQȠWYHU\BBB word: Personal prounouns 1 Choose the best preposition to use in each of the
LQWHUHVWHGLQWHUHVWLQJLQWKHWRSLF Replace the bold word(s) with the correct pronoun (I, you, sentences:
7KHJX\BBBFRPSXWHU,ZDVXVLQJPRYHGWR6SDLQ 7KLVWUHDWPHQWLVUHDOO\JUHDW,WPDNHVPHIHHOVRBBB Replace the bold word(s) with the correct pronoun (I, you, we, they, it, she, or he):
2XUWRZQLVVRBBBERUHGERULQJ7KHUHLVQRWKLQJ UHOD[HGUHOD[LQJ we, they, it, she, or he): ,ȠPQRWFDSDEOHBBBWKDWW\SHRIEHKDYLRU
,NQRZBBBGLGLW WRGRKHUH 0\XQFOHOLYHVLQ0H[LFR&LW\BBBOLYHVLQ0H[LFR&LW\
,GLGQȠWOLNHWKDWPRYLH,WKRXJKWLWZDVWRRBBB 0\FRXVLQDQGKHUIULHQGZHUHDWWKHPDOOBBBZHUH DRIELQFDW
6KHGLGQȠWNQRZZKHQWKHERRNZDVZULWWHQRUE\ $UH\RXBBBERUHGERULQJZLWKWKDWJDPHDOUHDG\" GHSUHVVHGGHSUHVVLQJ DWWKHPDOO 0\IULHQGVDUHQȠWFRPLQJBBBDUHQȠWFRPLQJ
BBB 6PRNLQJLVEDGBBB\RX
+DYH\RXKHDUGKHUODXJK",WȠVVRBBBDQQR\HG +HZDVQȠWBBBVDWLVˉHGVDWLVI\LQJZLWKP\UHVSRQVH 3HWHULVDOLWWOHVLFNBBBLVDOLWWOHVLFN 0UV:RQJLVVWXG\LQJ(QJOLVKBBBLVVWXG\LQJ
,GLGQȠWNQRZBBBERRNWKDWZDV DQQR\LQJ (QJOLVK DDWEIRUFRQ
:KDWDQBBBHPEDUUDVVHGHPEDUUDVVLQJVLWXDWLRQ 'RHV\RXUDXQWNQRZZKDWKDSSHQHG"'RHVBBB
,GRQȠWNQRZBBBJDYH\RXWKDWLQIRUPDWLRQEXWLWȠV ,ȠPUHDOO\BBBDQQR\HGDQQR\LQJZLWKRQHRIP\ NQRZZKDWKDSSHQHG" <RXDQG,KDYHWRWDONDERXWWKHWHVWBBBKDYHWRWDON ,ȠPVRDQJU\BBBWKLV
LQDFFXUDWH FRZRUNHUV ,FDQȠWWDONDQ\PRUHEHFDXVH,ȠPUHDOO\BBBWLUHG DERXWWKHWHVW
WLULQJ 7KHGRRULVORFNHGBBBLVORFNHG DDERXWEZLWKFWR
7KHSROLFHH[SHUWZDVDEOHWRGHWHUPLQHBBB 7KHFLW\ZDVBBBGDPDJHGGDPDJLQJGXULQJWKH &DQ\RXKHOSPH"<HVBBBFDQKHOS\RX
ˉQJHUSULQWVZHUHRQWKHNQLIH VWRUP 0\JUDQGPRWKHUȠVDQNOHVZHUHBBBVZHOOHGVZROOHQ 0\IULHQG/LQGDDQG,DUHJRLQJRQDWULSBBBDUH ,ȠPVRDQJU\BBB\RX
ŘŹŷ ŘŹŷ
DDERXWEWRFZLWK 'RQȠWEHFUXHOBBBKLP +HUWHVWZDVIXOOBBBPLVWDNHV WKHPVHOYHV\RXUVHOIKHUVHOIP\VHOI Common problems in esl — this, these, Common problems in esl — this, these,
WKHPVHOYHV\RXUVHOI
6KHZDVGUHVVHGBBBSLQN DWREDWFIRU DZLWKERIFRII there 1 there 2

DZLWKELQFRQ ,ȠPQRWEHLQJFUXHO,ȠPDOZD\VQLFHBBBKLP Answers Reˊe[ive prounouns 2 Fill in the blanNs with this, these, or there: Fill in the blanNs with this, these, or there:

7KLVUHVWDXUDQWLVIDPRXVBBBLWVPXVVHOV DDWEWRFIRU DEDFFDEEFE Fill in each blanN with the correct reˊexive pronoun: 4:KRDUHWKHVHSHRSOH"$BBBDUHRXUEHVW :K\DUH\RXWDONLQJZLWKBBBSHRSOH"
VWXGHQWV
DLQEZLWKFIRU ,ȠPIXULRXV YHU\DQJU\ZLWKKLPBBBGRLQJWKLV :K\FDQȠW\RXJX\VGRLWBBB" ,FDQȠWVHHZK\BBBLVVRLPSRUWDQW
Reˊe[ive prounouns 1 BBBDUHPDQ\JRRGVWXGHQWVLQRXUVFKRRO
*HRUJHLVPDUULHGBBBD*HUPDQZRPDQ DIRUEDURXQGFDW 0\EURWKHUOLNHVWRWDONDERXWBBB +HWROGPHWKDWBBBZHUHPDQ\VWXGHQWVKHUH
Fill in each blanN with the correct reˊexive pronoun: 4:KRLVWKLV"$BBBLVP\PRWKHU
DWREZLWKFE\ 6KHȠVQRWZRUULHGBBBKHUWHVW 0\VLVWHUERXJKWDSUHVHQWIRUBBB BBBLVQȠWPXFKZHFDQGRULJKWQRZ
<RXFDQȠWGRWKLVIRUPHȞ,KDYHWRGRLWBBB BBBLVDJRRGUHVWDXUDQWQHDUE\
$UH\RXDIUDLGBBBKLP" DIRUEZLWKFDERXW ,KXUWBBBZKLOH,ZDVVNLLQJ BBBLVQȠWWKHULJKWDQVZHU
:K\GRHVQȠWVKHGRLWBBB" BBBERRNLVSUHWW\LQWHUHVWLQJ
DRIEWRFRQ <RXUEURWKHULVUHDOO\JRRGBBBWHQQLV +HQHYHUWRRNDQ\FODVVHV+HWDXJKWBBB ,GRQȠWNQRZZK\BBBFKLOGUHQDUHODXJKLQJ
+HVDZBBBLQWKHPLUURU BBBDUHQRWP\VKRHV
,ȠPVRSURXGBBB\RX DZLWKERQFDW :HPDGHWKLVFDUGBBB ,VBBBDQ\WKLQJ,FDQGRWRKHOS"
:HFDQȠWGRWKLVBBB BBBDUHQȠWDQ\JRRGERRNVLQWKHOLEUDU\
DZLWKERIFWR :KRLVUHVSRQVLEOHBBBWKLVPHVV" 'LGWKH\ZULWHWKDWHVVD\BBB" ,VBBB\RXUKXVEDQG"
7KH\GRQȠWOLNHBBB BBBERRNVDUHUHDOO\ROG
:HȠUHQRWDVVRFLDWHGBBBWKDWFRPSDQ\ DIRUEDERXWFLQ 7KHPDQˉ[HGWKHFDUBBB $UHBBBPDQ\W\SHVRIDQLPDOVLQWKLVIRUHVW"
$UH\RXJRLQJWRWKHPDOOE\BBB" BBBWLPH,ȠPJRLQJWRZLQWKHUDFH
DDORQJELQFZLWK 5RPHLVEHDXWLIXOEXWLWȠVDOZD\VFURZGHGBBB /HWȠVGRLWBBB BBBWKLQJVKDSSHQ
WRXULVWV 6KHOLNHVWRWKLQNRIBBBDVDJRRGSHUVRQ BBBLVQȠWZKDW,H[SHFWHG
Answers ,OLYHE\BBB Answers
DDPRQJEZLWKFE\ ,FDQȠWVHHBBBGRLQJWKDW Answers
DEDFEFDDEF Answers WKHVHWKLVWKHUH7KHUH7KLVWKHVH
,ȠPDVKDPHGBBBZKDW,GLG 7KH\WDONDERXWBBBDOOWKHWLPH WKHVHWKHUHWKLVWKHUHWKLVWKHVH WKHUHWKLVWKHUH7KHVH
\RXUVHOYHVKLPVHOIKHUVHOIP\VHOIKLPVHOI WKHUHWKHVHWKLVWKLV
Prepositions after adjectives 2 DZLWKERIFLQ <RXGRQȠWUHVSHFWBBB RXUVHOYHVWKHPVHOYHVKLPVHOIRXUVHOYHV
P\VHOI Au[iliar\ verbs (to be, to do, to have) 3
Choose the best preposition to use in each of the ,ȠPQRWUHDOO\LQWHUHVWHGBBBWKLVNLQGRIPXVLF Answers
sentences: Fill in each blanN space with the correct auxiliary verb:
DRQERIFLQ P\VHOIKHUVHOIKLPVHOIRXUVHOYHV
ŘŹŷ ŘŹŷ
BBBWKHWHDFKHUH[SODLQWKLVSURSHUO\" BBB\RXUVLVWHUOLYLQJLQ3DULVIRUDZKLOH" :HFRXOGQRWFRPHODVWQLJKW :HBBBFRPHODVW DZRQȠWWHOOEGRQȠWWHOO ZHUHBBBE\WKHVWXGHQWVPDNH7KHPHHWLQJZDV XS
QLJKW BBBLQWKHFRQIHUHQFHURRPKROG
D'LGE:DVF+DG D+DGQȠWE:DVQȠWF'LGQȠW ,I,EDNHDFDNHBBBKDYHVRPH" 7KHSURIHVVRUWROGKLPQRWWRWDONLQFODVV+HBBBE\
Answers Answers WKHSURIHVVRUQRWWRWDONLQFODVV
BBBWKHSURIHVVRUDQJU\" Answers DZLOO\RXEGR\RX
6KHȠVKDYHQȠWGRHVQȠW:HȠYHZRQȠWDUHQȠW WROGGLVDSSRLQWHGFRQYLQFHGJLYHQFDXJKW DKDVEHHQWROGEZDVWROGFZDVEHLQJWROG
D'LGE:DVF+DG DEDFFDEEFE FDQȠW<RXȠUH,ȠYHFRXOGQȠW ,IKHBBB\RXZLOO\RXDQVZHUWKHSKRQH" UHDGZULWWHQEXLOWPDGHKHOG
7KH\VD\WKDWZRPHQDUHVPDUWHUWKDQPHQ:RPHQ
BBB\RXVSRNHQWRKLPEHIRUHKHFDOOHG\RX" DZLOOFDOOEFDOOV BBBWREHVPDUWHUWKDQPHQ
Contractions 1 Conditionals: the ˉrst conditional The passive voice 2
D+DGE'LGF:HUH ,I\RXGRQȠWJRWRWKHSDUW\,BBBYHU\XSVHW DZHUHEHLQJVDLGEZHUHVDLGFDUHVDLG
Rewrite each of the following sentences, substituting the structure 1 The ˉrst sentence is in the ACTIVE VOICE. Choose the
,I\RXBBBWROGPH,ZRXOGKDYHQHYHUIRXQGRXW bolded phrase with its contraction: Iam from Thailand. = DDPEZLOOEH most correct way of saying the same thing in the PASSIVE 7KHˉUHKDVGHVWUR\HGWKHKRXVH7KHKRXVHBBBE\
I’m from Thailand. Choose the correct response for each of the sentences: VOICE: WKHˉUH
DGLGQȠWEZHUHQȠWFKDGQȠW ,I\RXJHWDKDLUFXW\RXBBBPXFKEHWWHU
6KHLVIURP*HUPDQ\ BBBIURP*HUPDQ\ ,I\RXBBBJUHDV\IRRG\RXZLOOEHFRPHIDW 7KH\ZHUHLQWHUYLHZLQJKHUIRUWKHMRE6KHBBBIRU DKDVEHHQGHVWUR\HGEZDVEHLQJGHVWUR\HGFLV
BBBWKH\VHHLQJHDFKRWKHU" DZLOOORRNEORRN WKHMRE GHVWUR\HG
:HKDYHQRWVHHQWKDWPRYLH :HBBBVHHQWKDW DHDWEZLOOHDW
D'LGE+DGF:HUH PRYLH Answers DZDVEHLQJLQWHUYLHZHGEZDVLQWHUYLHZHGFKDV 6KHZRXOGKDYHWROG\RX<RXBBBE\KHU
,I\RXUVLVWHUJRHVWR3DULVVKHBBBDJRRGWLPH EHHQLQWHUYLHZHG
BBBWKH\FRQWLQXHVHHLQJHDFKRWKHU" -RHVGRHVQRWVSHDN6SDQLVK -RKQBBBVSHDN DEEDDEDEED DZRXOGKDYHEHHQWROGEZRXOGEHWROGFZHUH
6SDQLVK DKDVEZLOOKDYH 7RPLVZULWLQJWKHOHWWHU7KHOHWWHUBBBE\7RP EHLQJWROG
D'LGE+DGF:HUH
:HKDYHWULHGWRH[SODLQWKLVWRKLP BBBWULHGWR ,IKHBBBWKDWKHZLOOEHVRUU\ The passive voice 1 DZDVZULWWHQELVEHLQJZULWWHQFKDVEHHQZULWWHQ 6KHZRXOGUHMHFWWKHRIIHU7KHRIIHUBBBE\KHU
BBB\RXOHDUQDQ\WKLQJ" H[SODLQWKLVWRKLP
DZLOOGREGRHV Each of the sentences below is in the PASSIVE VOICE. (YHU\RQHXQGHUVWDQGV(QJOLVK(QJOLVKBBBE\ DZLOOKDYHEHHQUHMHFWHGEZRXOGEHUHMHFWHGFZLOO
D+DGQȠWE'LGQȠWF:HUHQȠW ,ZLOOQRWFDOOWKHP ,BBBFDOOWKHP Write the correct form of each verb in bracNets: HYHU\RQH EHUHMHFWHG
,I,OHDYHQRZ,BBBLQ1HZ<RUNE\30
BBBKHLQP\$PHULFDQ+LVWRU\FODVV" 7KH\DUHQRWFRPLQJKHUH 7KH\BBBFRPLQJKHUH 7RPZDVBBBPDQ\WLPHVWRVWRSWDONLQJLQFODVV DLVXQGHUVWRRGEKDVEHHQXQGHUVWRRGFZDV 7KLVVXUSULVHVPH,BBBE\WKLV
DZLOODUULYHEDUULYH WHOO+HZDVBBBE\WKHPRYLHGLVDSSRLQW+HZDV XQGHUVWRRG
D'LGQȠWE:DVQȠWF+DGQȠW ,FDQQRWXQGHUVWDQGKHU ,BBBXQGHUVWDQGKHU BBBE\KLVEURWKHUWRJRWRWKHEHDFKFRQYLQFH7KH DZRXOGKDYHEHHQVXUSULVHGEZLOOEHVXUSULVHGF
<RXBBBRQ\RXUWHVWLI\RXGRQȠWVWXG\ SUHVHQWZDVBBBWRKHUE\KHUFRZRUNHUJLYH7KH 7KHHPSOR\HHVEURXJKWXSWKLVLVVXHGXULQJWKH DPVXUSULVHG
,UHDOL]HGWKDW,BBBOHDUQHGDWKLQJ DQ\WKLQJ <RXDUHP\EHVWIULHQG BBBP\EHVWIULHQG WKLHIZDVBBBE\WKHSROLFHFDWFK7KLVERRNLVEHLQJ PHHWLQJ7KLVLVVXHBBBE\WKHHPSOR\HHVGXULQJWKH
DZRQȠWGRZHOOEGRQȠWGRZHOO BBBE\DOOWKHVWXGHQWVUHDGȟ-LWWHUEXJ3HUIXPHȠZDV PHHWLQJ Answers
DGLGQȠWEZDVQȠWFKDGQȠW ,KDYHVHHQWKDWPDQEHIRUH BBBVHHQWKDWPDQ BBBE\7RP5REELQVZULWH$QHZVKRSSLQJPDOOLV
EHIRUH 7KH\ZRQȠWNQRZWKHWUXWKLI\RXBBBWKHP JRLQJWREHBBBLQ3DVDGHQDEXLOG0DQ\PLVWDNHV DKDVEHHQEURXJKWXSELVEURXJKWXSFZDVEURXJKW DEDFEFDDEF
ŘŹŷ ŘŹŷ
The passive voice 3 E\-XDQ booN. — That booN was written by Henry Miller. The passive voice: passive voice DUHSDLGDUHWULPPHGLVVHWDUHZDWHUHGLV Past participles 2
GRQHDUHGULYHQ
The ˉrst sentence is in the ACTIVE VOICE. Choose the DDUHEHLQJSUHSDUHGEZHUHEHLQJSUHSDUHGFDUH 7KHSUHVLGHQWJDYH-RKQDQDZDUGȞ-RKQBBBDQ sentences in thesimple present 1 Fill in each blanN space with the correct past participle
most correct way of saying the samething in the PASSIVE SUHSDUHG DZDUGE\WKHSUHVLGHQW for each verb. write — written
VOICE: Everyone in the house has a tasN that he or she normally Past participles 1
+LVEURWKHUZDVWHOOLQJKLPWRFDOPGRZQ+HBBBWR (YHU\RQHVDZWKHPȞ7KH\BBBE\HYHU\RQH does. 'escribe what everyone does, changing each active EULQJBBB
7KH\SDVVHGPHXSIRUWKDWSRVLWLRQ,BBBIRUWKDW FDOPGRZQE\KLVEURWKHU voice sentence into a passive voice sentence: John buys Fill in each blanN space with the correct past participle
SRVLWLRQ 7KHSROLFHEURXJKWKLPKHUHȞ+HBBBKHUHE\WKH the food. — The food is bought by John. for each verb. write — written VD\BBB
DLVEHLQJWROGEZDVEHLQJWROGFLVWROG SROLFH
DZDVSDVVHGXSEZDVEHLQJSDVVHGXSFDPSDVVHG 7KRPDVZDVKHVWKHGLVKHVȞ7KHGLVKHVBBBE\ VLQJBBB WHOOBBB
XS $GRJELWPH,BBBE\DGRJ 7KHˉUHˉJKWHUVVDYHGWKHZRPHQȞ7KHZRPHQBBB 7KRPDV
E\WKHˉUHˉJKWHUV NQRZBBB GULYHBBB
%\WRPRUURZ,ZLOOKDYHERXJKWWKHFDU%\WRPRUURZ DZDVEHLQJELWWHQEZDVELWWHQFKDYHEHHQELWWHQ )UDQNIHHGVWKHGRJVȞ7KHGRJVBBBE\)UDQN
WKHFDUBBBE\PH $OOWKHVWXGHQWVXQGHUVWRRGWKHH[SODQDWLRQȞ7KH WU\BBB WDNHBBB
7KHPRYHUVKDYHGHOLYHUHGWKHIXUQLWXUH7KH H[SODQDWLRQBBBE\DOOWKHVWXGHQWV 0DULDSUHSDUHVWKHIRRGȞ7KHIRRGBBBE\0DULD
DZDVEHLQJERXJKWEZLOOKDYHEHHQERXJKWFZDV IXUQLWXUHBBBE\WKHPRYHUV EHOLHYHBBB ZDONBBB
ERXJKW 0UV5LFKDUGVRQˉOHGWZRFRPSODLQWVȞ7ZR 'DYLGFOHDQVWKHNLWFKHQȞ7KHNLWFKHQBBBE\'DYLG
DZLOOKDYHEHHQGHOLYHUHGEZRXOGEHGHOLYHUHGF FRPSODLQWVBBBE\0UV5LFKDUGVRQ VWXG\BBB FRPHBBB
-RKQERXJKWWKH3LFDVVRSDLQWLQJ7KH3LFDVVR KDVEHHQGHOLYHUHG 0\IDWKHUSD\VWKHELOOVȞ7KHELOOVBBBE\P\IDWKHU
SDLQWLQJBBBE\-RKQ 7KDWPDQVWROHP\ZDOOHWȞ0\ZDOOHWBBBE\WKDW VHHBBB SDLQWBBB
7KLVFLW\ZLOOVXUSULVH\RX<RXBBBE\WKLVFLW\ PDQ 7KHJDUGHQHUWULPVWKHEXVKHVȞ7KHEXVKHVBBBE\
DZDVERXJKWEZLOOKDYHEHHQERXJKWFLVERXJKW WKHJDUGHQHU IDOOBBB JRBBB
DDUHVXUSULVHGEZLOOEHVXUSULVHGFZLOOKDYHEHHQ (YHU\RQHNQHZWKHPȞ7KH\BBBE\HYHU\RQH
0RVWVWXGHQWVPLVXQGHUVWDQGWKLVVWRU\7KLVVWRU\ VXUSULVHG +HOHQVHWVWKHWDEOHȞ7KHWDEOHBBBE\+HOHQ ODXJKBBB ˉQLVKBBB
BBBE\PRVWVWXGHQWV $VQDNHELWKLPȞ+HBBBE\DVQDNH
Answers 0\PRWKHUZDWHUVWKHSODQWVȞ7KHSODQWVBBBE\P\ FU\BBB Answers
DZDVPLVXQGHUVWRRGEKDVEHHQPLVXQGHUVWRRGFLV 7KRPDVDQGKLVEURWKHUEXLOWWKDWKRXVHȞ7KDW PRWKHU
PLVXQGHUVWRRG DEDFFDEEFE KRXVHBBBE\7KRPDVDQGKLVEURWKHU XQGHUVWDQGBBB EURXJKWVDLGWROGGULYHQWDNHQZDONHG
$UWKXUGRHVWKHODXQGU\Ȟ7KHODXQGU\BBBE\$UWKXU FRPHSDLQWHGJRQHˉQLVKHG
0\EURWKHUFDUULHGWKHJURFHULHVLQWRURRP7KH Answers Answers
JURFHULHVBBBE\P\EURWKHULQWRWKHURRP The passive voice: passive voice 0\XQFOHGULYHVXVWRVFKRROȞ:HBBBWRVFKRROE\
ZDVJLYHQZHUHVHHQZDVEURXJKWZHUH P\XQFOH VXQJNQRZQWULHGEHOLHYHGVWXGLHG Reported speech in english: commands
DZHUHEHLQJFDUULHGEKDYHEHHQFDUULHGFZHUH sentences in thesimple past 1 VDYHGZDVXQGHUVWRRGZHUHˉOHGZDVVWROHQ VHHQIDOOHQODXJKHGFULHGXQGHUVWRRG
FDUULHG ZHUHNQRZQZDVELWWHQZDVEXLOW Answers 1
Fill in the blanNs to change each active voice sentence
-XDQLVSUHSDULQJWKHHQFKLODGDV7KHHQFKLODGDVBBB into a passive voice sentence: Henry Miller wrote that DUHZDVKHGDUHIHGLVSUHSDUHGLVFOHDQHG Complete each sentence pair by ‘reporting’ what was said
ŘŹŷ ŘŹŷ
in the ˉrst sentence. Fill in any words that are missing: Reported speech in english: mi[ed ȟ7HOOPH\RXUQDPHȠ6KHDVNHGPHBBBKHUP\QDPH of the sentences: DZRXOGJREZLOOJR ,IVKHBBBPHVKHZRXOGKDYHWROGPH
JOHN: ‘Go away!’ John told us to go away.
tenses 3 DWHOOEWRWHOOFWROG ,IP\JUDQGIDWKHUZHUH\RXQJHU+HBBBVRPDQ\ <RXZRXOGQȠWIHHOVRWLUHGLI\RXBBBPRUH DGLGQȠWEHOLHYHEZRXOGQȠWEHOLHYH
05660,7+ȟ'RQȠWSOD\LQIURQWRIP\ZLQGRZȠ0UV WKLQJV
6PLWKWROGXVBBB Choose the best (most grammatically correct) response ȟ,UXQDVXFFHVVIXOGHVLJQVWXGLRȠ9LFWRUWROGWKHPDQ DZLOOVOHHSEVOHSW +HZRXOGQȠWVD\WKDWLIKHBBBLW
to complete each sentence. Remember — all of these WKDWKHBBBDVXFFHVVIXOGHVLJQVWXGLR DZRXOGQȠWIRUJHWEGLGQȠWIRUJHW
<285027+(5ȟ&RPHEDFNLQRQHKRXUȠ<RXUPRWKHU examples have the reporting verb (said, told, etc.) in the Answers DZRXOGQȠWPHDQEGLGQȠWPHDQ
WROGPHBBB PAST: DUXQQLQJEZDVUXQQLQJFUDQ ,I,BBBPRUHPRQH\,ZRXOGEX\DQHZFDU
DEDEDEEEDE ,BBBRQDWULSDURXQGWKHZRUOGLI,ZRQWKHORWWHU\
720ȟ&DOOPHLQWKHHYHQLQJȠ7RPWROGXVBBB ȟ0\JUDQGIDWKHULVJRLQJWRFRRNGLQQHUIRUXVȠ6KH ȟ,DPDJRRGGDQFHUȠ6KHWROGPHWKDWVKHBBBDJRRG DZRXOGKDYHEKDG
WROGPHWKDWKHUJUDQGIDWKHUBBB GDQFHU DZRXOGJREZLOOJR
<28ȟ&RPHZLWKXVȠ7KH\WROG0DU\BBB ,IVKHKDGDQXPEUHOODVKHBBBZHW Conditionals: the second conditional
GLQQHUIRUXV DLVEZDVFZLOOEH ,BBBWKDWLI,ZHUH\RX
+($7+(5ȟ'RQȠWVD\WKDWȠ+($7+(5WROG\RXBBB DZRXOGQȠWJHWEGLGQȠWJHW structure 2
DZRXOGFRRNEZDVFRRNLQJFFRRNV ȟ,KDYHEHHQWRWKDWEDUȠ+HWROGPHWKDWKHBBBWR DZLOOQRWGREZRXOGQRWGR
*(25*(ȟ)HHGWKHFDWȠ*(25*(DVNHGKLVJLUOIULHQG WKDWEDU ,IZHBBBDFDUZHZRXOGJHWWKHUHLQPLQXWHV The second conditional is used to talN about unreal
BBB ȟ,ORYHGKLPYHU\PXFKȠ0\VLVWHUWROGPHWKDWVKHBBB situations in the present (things that are impossible, that ,IWKHVHZDOOVBBBWKLFNHUZHZRXOGQȠWKHDUWKH
KLPYHU\PXFK DKDGEHHQEZLOOKDYHEHHQFLVEHLQJ DZRXOGKDYHEKDG won’t happen, etc.). Choose the correct response for each QHLJKERUV
0567(3+(16ȟ%X\PHVRPHPLONȠ0U6WHSKHQV of the sentences:
WROGPHBBBVRPHPLON DZDVORYLQJEORYHGFZRXOGORYH ȟ,DPZULWLQJDQHPDLOWRP\JLUOIULHQGȠ+HWROGPH ,BBBPRUHFDUHIXOLI,ZHUH\RX DZRXOGEHEZHUH
WKDWKHBBBDQHPDLOWRKLVJLUOIULHQG ,IKLVQRVHZHUHVPDOOHUKHBBBYHU\KDQGVRPH
9,&725,$ȟ/HDYHPHDORQHȠ9LFWRULDWROGKHUIULHQG ȟ0DUWDLVOHDUQLQJ9LHWQDPHVHȠ+HWROGPHWKDW0DUWD DZRXOGEHEZHUH ,I,ZHUHDPLOOLRQDLUHBBBDPDQVLRQ
BBBDORQH BBB9LHWQDPHVH DLVZULWLQJEZDVZULWLQJFZULWHV DZRXOGEHEZDV
,IDQLPDOVFRXOGWDON,ZRQGHUZKDWWKH\BBB" D,ȠGEX\E,ȠPJRLQJWREX\
Answers DZLOOOHDUQELVOHDUQLQJFZDVOHDUQLQJ Answers ,ZRXOGFRPHLI,BBBDFDU
DVDLGEZRXOGVD\ Answers
QRWWRSOD\LQIURQWRIKHUZLQGRZWRFRPHEDFN ȟ,ȠYHEHHQWR*UHHFHȠ0\IULHQGWROGPHWKDWKHBBBWR DEFEDEFEDE DZRXOGKDYHEKDG
LQRQHKRXUWRFDOOKLPLQWKHHYHQLQJWRFRPH *UHHFH ,IVKHBBBKDUGHUVKHZRXOGPDNHPRUHPRQH\ DEEDDEDEED
ZLWKWKHPQRWWRVD\WKDWWRIHHGWKHFDWWREX\ ,IVKHBBBVKHZRXOGWHOOKLP
VRPHPLONWROHDYHKHUDORQH DEHHQEKDGEHHQFZDV Conditionals: the second conditional DZLOOZRUNEZRUNHG
DNQRZVENQHZ Conditionals: the third conditional
ȟ,ȠOOWDONWRWKHJHQHUDODERXWWKLVȠ7KHFRORQHOVDLG structure 1 ,IKHFKDQJHGMREV+HBBBPXFKKDSSLHU
WKDWKHBBBWRWKHJHQHUDODERXWWKLV ,IKLVSDUHQWVGLGQȠWJLYHKLPPRQH\KHBBBVRPXFK structure
The second conditional is used to talN about unreal DZLOOEHEZRXOGEH
DZRXOGWDONEZLOOWDONFWDONHG situations in the present (things that are impossible, that DZRXOGQȠWJRRXWEGLGQȠWJRRXW The third conditional is used to talN about unreal
won’t happen, etc.). Choose the correct response for each ,ILWZDVQȠWUDLQLQJZHBBBWRWKHEHDFK situations in the past (things that wereimpossible, that
ŘŹŷ ŘŹŷ
TIEMPO VERBAL AFIRMACIÓN NEGACIÓN INTERROGACIÓN
řŬŸŹƂŴŧŶŷŵũŬŷűźŮŴŧŴůŰŵŸŴŵũŪŷŧųųŧŹůűůŧŴŪŲůŰŸűŵŪŵƆŮƂűŧŸŵŹũŬŹŧųů Present Simple They have a house They don’t have a house Do they have a house
(Ellos) tienen una casa
didn’t happen, etc.). Choose the correct response for each DKDGQȠWEHHQEZRXOGQȠWEH 0\SDUHQWVDUHQRWULFKEXWP\DXQWBBB
of the sentences: Present Continuous He’s studying now He isn’t studying now Is he studying now?
,I\RXBBBPH,ZRXOGQȠWKDYHNQRZQDERXWWKHSDUW\ DLVEDUH (Él) está estudiando ahora
,IVKHKDGQȠWWROGKLPKHBBB
DKDYHQȠWFDOOHGEKDGQȠWFDOOHG ,BBBROGHUWKDQP\EURWKHU
DZLOOQHYHUˉQGRXWEZRXOGKDYHQHYHUIRXQGRXW Past Simple They watched a film They didn’t watch a film Did they watch a film?
7LQDZRXOGKDYHFDOOHG\RXLI\RXBBBKHU\RXU DLVEDP (Ellos) vieron una película
,BBBWKLVLV\RXKDGQȠWDVNHGPH QXPEHU
0\VLVWHUDQG,BBBWZLQV Past Continuous It was raining It wasn’t raining Was it raining?
DZRXOGQHYHUKDYHGRQHEGLGQȠWGR DZRXOGJLYHEKDGJLYHQ Estaba lloviendo
DDUHEDP
,I,BBBDERXWWKLV,ZRXOGKDYHWROG\RX Answers
Present Perfect You have read this book You haven’t read this book Have you read this
7KDWBBBDUHDOO\JRRGPRYLH Has leído este libro book?
DNQRZEKDGNQRZQ EDEEDEDDEE Present Perfect Continuous He has been working hard He hasn’t been working Has he been working
DDUHELV
,IWKH\BBBWRUHVWWKH\ZRXOGQRWKDYHEHHQVRWLUHG (Él) ha estado trabajando duro hard hard?
Verbs: to be (present tense) 7KHVHBBBQRWP\VRFNV Past Perfect She had eaten sushi She hadn’t eaten sushi Had she eaten sushi?
DKDYHVWRSSHGEKDGVWRSSHG (Ella) había comido sushi
Choose the correct present tense form of the verb mto be} DLVEDUH
,BBBWKDWKHȠV\HDUVROGLIKHKDGQȠWWROGPH for each sentence: Past Perfect Continuous She had been waiting for him She hadn’t been waiting for Had she been waiting
BBB\RXKDSS\" (Ella) había estado esperándolo him for him?
DZRXOGQȠWKDYHJXHVVHGEGLGQȠWJXHVV 7KHVHBBBP\IULHQGV
D$UHE,V
,I,KDGQȠWVHHQWKDWPRYLHODVWZHHN,BBBWRVHHLW DDUHELV Future Simple He will go to the office He won’t go to the office Will he go to the office?
ZLWK\RX\HVWHUGD\ Answers (Él) irá a la oficina
5REHUWBBBVLFN
DZRXOGJREZRXOGKDYHJRQH DEEDDEDEED Future Continuous We will be travelling We won’t be travelling Will we be travelling?
DDUHELV Estaremos viajando
,I\RXBBBWKHPRQH\WKDW\RXRZHPH,ZRXOGKDYH Future Perfect He will have arrived He won’t have arrived Will he have arrived?
EHHQDEOHWRJRRXWODVWQLJKW BBBKH0H[LFDQ"
(Él) habrá llegado
DKDGUHWXUQHGEUHWXUQHG D$UHQȠWE,VQȠW Future Perfect Continuous You will have been working You won’t have been Will you have been

7KRPDVZRXOGQȠWKDYHERXJKWWKHMDFNHWLILWBBBRQ +LVWHVWVBBBYHU\GLIˉFXOW
Habrás estado trabajando working working?
VDOH Future “be going to” They are going to be married They aren’t going to be Are they going to be
DDUHQȠWELVQȠW Se van a casar married married?
http://aprendeinglessila.com/
ŘŵūŬŷŭůųŵŬūŧŴŴŵŰŶźŨŲůűŧŽůůūŵŸŹźŶŴŵŶŵŲůŽŬŴŮůů&UHDWLYH&RPPRQV$WWULEXWLRQ/LFHQVH &RS\ULJKWkȝŘŬŷŪŬŰşůųŧŴŸűůŰmŇŴŪŲůŰŸűůŰŨŬŮŷŬŪůŸŹŷŧŽůů}
ŘŹŷ
Collocations con TO DO y con TO MAKE TO MAKE
TO DO INGLÉS PRONUNCIACIÓN ESPAÑOL

INGLÉS PRONUNCIACIÓN ESPAÑOL To make a bet tə ˈmeɪk ə ˈbet Apostar
To do a favour tə də ə ˈfeɪvə Hacer un favor To make a cake ə keɪk Hacer un pastel
To do a job ə dʒɒb Hacer un trabajo To make a cancellation ə ˌkænsəˈleɪʃn̩ Cancelar algo
To do a number ə ˈnʌmbə Hacer un numerito To make a complaint ə kəmˈpleɪnt Hacer una queja
To do a talk ə ˈtɔːk Hacer una To make a decision ə dɪˈsɪʒn̩ Tomar una decisión
presentación oral o dar To make a fortune ə ˈfɔːtʃuːn Hacer una fortuna
una conferencia To make a hole ə həʊl Hacer un agujero
To do an exercise ən ˈeksəsaɪz Hacer un ejercicio To make a list ə lɪst Hacer una lista
To do an experiment ən ɪkˈsperɪmənt Hacer un experimento To make a mistake ə mɪˈsteɪk Cometer un error
To do evil ˈiːvl ̩ Hacer (el) mal To make a noise ə nɔɪz Hacer ruido
To do good ɡʊd Hacer (el) bien To make a proposal ə prəˈpəʊzl ̩ Hacer una propuesta
To do harm hɑːm Lastimar To make a speech ə spiːtʃ Hacer un discurso
To do homework ˈhəʊmwɜːk Hacer los deberes To make a suggestion ə səˈdʒestʃən Hacer una sugerencia
To do housework ˈhaʊswɜːk Hacer las tareas del To make a wish ə wɪʃ Pedir un deseo
hogar To make an ən əˈpɔɪntmənt Organizar una
To do justice ˈdʒʌstɪs Hacer justicia appointment cita/reunión
To do little ˈlɪtl ̩ Hacer poco To make an effort ən ˈefət Hacer un esfuerzo
To do much ˈmʌtʃ Hacer mucho To make an exception ən ɪkˈsepʃn̩ fɔː Hacer una excepción
To do one’s best wʌnz best Hacer lo mejor posible (for)
To do some exercise səm ˈeksəsaɪz Hacer ejercicio (físico) To make an investment ən ɪnˈvestmənt Hacer una inversión
To do some work səm ˈwɜːk Trabajar To make an offer ən ˈɒfə Hacer una oferta
To do something ˈsʌmθɪŋ Hacer algo To make certain ˈsɜːtn̩ Asegurarse
To do the shopping ðə ˈʃɒpɪŋ Hacer la compra To make faces ˈfeɪsɪz Hacer muecas
To do the washing-up o ðə ˌwɒʃɪŋ ˈʌp - ðə ˈdɪʃɪz Lavar los platos To make fun of fʌn ɒv Hacer burla de
to do the dishes To make money ˈmʌni Hacer dinero
To do well wel Hacerlo bien To make plans plænz Hacer planes
To make progress prəˈɡres Hacer progresos
To make tea tiː Preparar té
To make the bed ðə bed Hacer la cama
To make use of ˈjuːs ɒv Hacer uso de
To make war wɔː Hacer la guerra
http://aprendeinglessila.com/ http://aprendeinglessila.com/
ACTIVITY ARTICLES
Choose the correct answer. (-) means zero article.
1. We went to theatre last week.

a) the
b) -
c) a
2. Do you like Maths?

a) the
b) a
c) –
3. We took a bus to city centre, but later we took taxi back tohotel.
a) a / a / the
b) - / the / a
c) the / a / the
4. My grandma always wears second-hand clothes.

a) the
b) a
c) –
5. The date of the appointment has been moved forward to next Friday.
a) -
b) the
c) a
6. My brother is waiter.
a) the
b) a
c) –
7. What beautiful dress!

a) a
b) -
c) the
8. We normally have lunch at 1.00pm. ACTIVITY AUXILIAR VERBS
a) the
b) a Choose the correct option:
c) – 1. You are a doctor, you?
a) aren’t
9. Who is man by the door? b) are
a) - c) isn’t
b) a
2. Let’s go to a restaurant tonight, we?
c) the
a) don’t
b) won’t
10. Lake Balaton is not in Tanzania. c) shall
a) a
b) the 3. He has arrived on time, he?
c) – a) doesn’t
b) hasn’t
c) didn’t
4. He win the lottery, did he?

a) didn’t
b) hadn’t
c) did
5. It’s very cold today, ?

a) is it?
b) are they?
c) isn’t it?
6. A: ‘I don’t like shrimps.’ B:

‘Neither I. ‘
a) am
b) will
KEY c) do
1. a 7. A: ‘I have been to London. ‘ B: ‘
2. c have I.’
3. c a) So
4. c b) Neither
5. a c) Do
6. b
7. a 8. A: ‘I wouldn’t like to live abroad.’ B: ‘
8. c Neither I. ‘
9. c a) do
10. c b) am
c) would
KEY
1. A ARTICLES: a, an, the, (zero article)
2. C
3. B Artículos: un/a, un@, el/la, cero artículo
4. A
5. C 1. a (indefinite article)
6. C
7. A We use ‘a’ with singular countable nouns that have not been mentioned
8. C
previously.
Lo usamos con nombres en singular contables que no han sido mencionados
previamente.
o Example: I have a new car.
Yo tengo un coche nuevo
2. An (indefinite article)
We use ‘an’ in the same cases as above, but only when the next word begins
with a vowel or a soundless ‘h’.
Usamos “an” en los mismos casos que el anterior pero cuando la siguiente
palabra comience por vocal o por una ‘h’ muda.
o Examples: She has bought an expensive coat.
Ella ha comprado un abrigo caro.
o They have been waiting for an hour.
Ellos han estado esperando durante una hora
When the next word begins with a vowel, but it is pronounced with a semi-
vowel (for example, universe = /'ju:nկvˎz/), then we use ‘a’ instead of ‘an’.
Cuando la siguiente palabra comienza con una vocal, pero es pronunciada
como una semivocal, entoces usamos “a” en vez de “an”.
o Examples: a euro / a useful tool… Un euro/ una herramienta útil
3. The (definite article) We can use ‘zero article’ with plural countable nouns or with uncountable
nouns.
We use ‘the’ for either singular or plural countable nouns and for No usamos artículo con nombres contables en plural o incontables.
uncountable ones. o Examples:
Usamos “the” para nombres contables e incontables tanto en singular como People are always complaining about everything.
en plural. La gente siempre está quejándose de todo.
o Examples: the books / the man / the money… Money isn’t the most important thing in our lives.
Los libros / el hombre / el dinero El dinero no es la cosa más importante en nuestras vidas.
These nouns are specific, that is to say, we have already mentioned them
previously or the other person already knows what we are talking about. 5. Special rules
Estos nombres son específicos, es decir, ya los hemos mencionado Reglas especiales
previamente o bien la otra persona ya sabe de quién o qué estamos
We use ‘the’ for…
hablando.
Usamos “the” para:
o Examples: o Places: seas (the Mediterranean), rivers (the Senna), areas (the Arctic),
Let’s go to the new wax museum. some countries (the UK, the USA), public buildings (the cinema, the
Vamos al museo de cera. theatre), the Earth, the sky, the world, the sun, the moon, the
Do you remember the boy we met last week? environment, the sea…
¿Te acuerdas del chico que conocimos la semana pasada? Lugares: mares, ríos, áreas, algunos países, edificios públicos, el
planeta, el cielo, el mundo, el son, la luna, el medioambiente, el mar...
4. (zero article) o Activities: playing instruments (play the piano, the guitar, the
drums…), the media, the radio…
We do not use any article when we talk about things in general. Actividades: tocando instrumentos , los medios de comunicación, la
No usamos ningún artículo cuando hablamos de cosas en general radio...
(generalizando). o Time: in the morning /afternoon/evening, on the 21st May, in the
1920s…
o Examples:
El tiempo: por la mañana /tarde/atardecer, el 21 de mayo, en los años
I really like fruit. 20...
Realmente me gusta la fruta o People: important figures (the King, the Prime Minister), some
Cats are very independent pets. organisations (the army, the navy, the police) and nationalities (the
Los gatos son unas mascotas muy independientes English, the Germans…).
Gente: importante figuras, algunas organizaciones y nacionalidades.
COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
We use ‘zero article’ for… Countablenouns
No usamos ningún artículo para…
Countable nous are those which, as the name implies, can be counted and
o Places: towns and cities (Moscow, London…), most countries (France,
Spain…), continents (Africa, North America…), streets (Baker street), therefore have two forms: singular and plural.
planets different than the Earth (Mars, Saturn…). Los sustantivos contables son aquéllos que, como el nombre indica, pueden contarse y, por lo
Lugares: ciudades grandes o pequeñas, la mayoría de países, tanto, tienen dos formas: el singular y el plural.
continentes, calles, planetas diferentes a la tierra. o Examples: Dog / dogs perro / perros
o Activities: go shopping, play tennis, listen to music, go to work, be at Baby / babies bebé / bebés
school, school subjects (Maths, Science, PE…). Dish / dishes plato / platos
Actividades: ir de compras, jugar a tenis, escuchar música, ir a trabajar,
estar en el colegio, las asignaturas. Some countable nouns have irregular plurals:
Algunos sustantivos contables tienen plurales irregulares:
o One child – two children un niño - dos niños
o One man – two men un hombre - dos hombres
o One woman – two women una mujer - dos mujeres
o One foot – two feet un pie - dos pies
o One tooth – two teeth un diente - dos dientes
o One person – two people una persona - dos personas
These are some determiners which we can use with countable nouns:
Éstos son algunos determinantes que podemos usar con sustantivos incontables:
o A, an un/a
o A few, many unos pocos, muchos
o One, two three, etc. uno, dos, tres, etc.
Uncountablenouns
Sustantivos incontables
Uncountable nouns are those which we cannot count. As a result, they do not
have a plural form and they take a singular verbal tense instead.
Los sustantivos incontables son aquéllos que no podemos contar. Como resultado, no tienen forma plural,
y van con el verbo en singular.
o Examples: money, hair, homework, furniture, smoke, fruit, bread,
information… dinero, cabello, deberes, muebles, humo, fruta, pan, información...
These are some expressions we can use with uncountable nouns:
Éstas son algunas expresiones que podemos usar con los sustantivos incontables:
o A little, much, a bit of, a piece of…
un poco, mucho, un poco de, un trozo de…
READING
Listening:
Choose the correct word (A, B or C) in each space in order to complete the text.
1: http://www.examenglish.com/PET/pet_listening_part2.htm
2: http://www.examenglish.com/PET/pet_listening_test2_part2.htm
Dear Sir,
My son, Frank, left 1) A three weeks ago and now he is looking for his first 2)_ . The
problem is that many companies often 3) that they want people with some experience, but how
5: http://www.helpforenglish.cz/article/2006112201-pet-listening-sample-1-part-2
can he get any experience if nobody gives him a job? He reads the 4) in the paper every
6: http://www.examenglish.com/PET/pet_listening_test2_part1.htm
day, but there isn’t anything for people like my son. Today he is 5) some gardening for our
7: http://www.examenglish.com/B1/b1_listening_environment.htm
neighbours to 6) a bit of money, but what he needs is a real job.
8: http://www.examenglish.com/B1/b1_listening_transport.htm
Mr. G Carter
1. A) school B) home C) me
Reading:
2. A) work B) job C) occupation
5: http://www.examenglish.com/PET/pet_reading_part5.htm 3. A) say B) tell C) need
6: http://www.examenglish.com/PET/pet_reading_part5_test2.htm 4. A) news B) text C) adverts
5. A) making B) getting C) doing
6. A) win B) get C) spend
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gAHUTKm_1n0&feature=youtu.be
books
https://vk.com/page-25003531_46556296
listening
http://www.esl-lab.com/
KEY:
1. A
2. B
3. A
4. e
5. e
6. B
SPEAKING
PART 4
PART 1
ͻ Describe your relationship with your family (30s)

ͻ Do you have much contact with your cousins? (30s)
ͻ What do you most enjoy doing with your family? (30s)
PART 2
ͻ Describe these photos (45s) You have 2 minutes to answer these questions:
ͻ Choose one. What type of relationship do you think the sisters have with
each other? (45s) ͻ Do you have a large family?
ͻ Which photograph shows twins? Do you know any twin sisters or ͻ How many brothers and sisters have you got? Do you get on well with them?
brothers? How is their relationship? (45s) ͻ What are the advantages and disadvantages of being an only child?
PART 3
ͻ Describe and compare the pictures (45s)

ͻ Do you have the television on when you eat or your mobile? (45s)
ͻ Which way of eating do you prefer? Why? (45s)
VOCABULARIO
Marital relationships
Family and Relationships
Divorced Divorciado/a
Aunt Tía Engaged Prometido/a (adj)
Brother Hermano Married Casado/a
Elder / older brother Hermano mayor Separated Separado/a
Cousin Primo/a Single Soltero/a
Daughter Hija widowed Viudo/a (adj)
Father Padre
Godfather / godmother Padrino / Madrina Verbs
Grandchild Nieto/a
Granddaughter / grandson Nieta / Nieto Get divorced from Divorciarse de
Grandfather / grandmother Abuelo/a Get engaged to Prometerse con
Grandparent(s) Abuelos Get married to Casarse con
Great-grandchild Bisnieto/a Get on (well) with someone Llevarse bien con alguien
Husband Marido Marry someone Casarse con alguien
Ex-husband Ex-marido Start / end a relationship with Empezar / terminar una relación con
In-laws Familia política
Son-in-law Yerno Other related words
Mother Madre
Niece Sobrina Acquaintance Conocido/a
Nephew Sobrino Boss Jefe
Parents Padres Colleague Compañero/a
Sister Hermana Employee Empleado
Son Hijo Employer Encargado
Step-father Padrastro Fiancé Prometido
Step-daughter Hermanastra Fiancée Prometida
Twins Gemelos Friend Amigo/a
Twin-sister / brother Hermano/a gemelo Best friend Mejor amigo/a
Uncle Tío Neighbour Vecino/a
Widow (woman) Viuda Partner Compañero/a (sentimental)
Widower (man) Viudo
Wife Esposa
Ex-wife Ex-mujer
KEY
Activity 1. B
Choose the correct answer for each sentence: 2. e
1. I don’t want a boyfriend. I like being _ _ __ 3. B
a. Married 4. A
b. Single S. B
c. Engaged 6. e
2. Jack’s parents are _ _ _, so he only sees his dad once every two weeks. 7. A
a. Widowed 8. A
b. In-laws
c. Divorced
3. My brother’s daughter is my _ .
a. Nephew
b. Niece
c. Grandchild
4. When I married Erik, his mother became my _ _.
a. Mother-in-law
b. Step-mother
c. Godmother
5. He has been a _ _ _ since his wife passed away.
a. Widow
b. Widower
c. Window
6. Marta’s children, Chris and Jessica, were born at the same time. They are
_ .
a. Brothers
b. Friends
c. Twins
7. Three years after getting divorced, my mother married John. Now I can say that
John is my _ _ .
a. Step-father
b. Father-in-law
c. Godfather
8. The relative I admire the most in my family is my _ __. He is my father ’s
elder brother.
a. Uncle
b. Aunt
c. Step-brother
WRITING
PART 3
PART 1
You are a member of PERFECT AU PAIR website and you are in the chat room. You are
Fill in the form (3 minutes)
talking to Jane, the mother of a family who is considering hosting you as their au pair.
Talk to Jane using complete sentences. Use 30 to 40 words per answer. You have 10
PERFECT AU PAIR – REGISTRATION FORM
minutes.
Username
Date of Birth (day month Jane: Hi! I find your profile quite interesting. Why are you interested in working as an
) au pair?
You:
[Mobile number]
House
[Delivery address] :
Street Jane: Oh, I see! Have you had a look at our profile as a host family? Would you like to
work for us?
PART 2
You have joined the ‘PERFECT AU PAIR’ service. Fill in the form with complete You:
sentences. Use 20-30 words. You have 7 minutes.
MEMBER FORM
Please tell us about your own family and / or the people you live with.
Jane: I can only offer you a salary of £70 per week, but you won’t have food expenses.
How do you feel about it?
You:
Now, write an email to the host family who sent you that private message, explaining
PART 4 your feelings about the change and suggesting possible alternatives. Write about 120-
You are a member of the ‘PERFECT AU PAIR’ service. On your last visit to their website 150 words. You have 20 minutes.
you saw a private message from a host family.
Dear au pair,
I am sorry to inform you that we won’t be able to keep your £70/week salary due to
recent financial problems. For this reason we have found ourselves forced to reduce
it a 10%.
We feel so sorry about it and will appreciate your comprehension.
Kind regards,
Jane
Write an e-mail to friend who also uses the ‘PERFECT AU PAIR’ service. Write your
feelings about the message you received and suggest possible alternatives. Write
about 50 words. You have 10 minutes.
ACTIVITY QUANTIFIERS 9. He isn’t tall to reach the top shelf.
a) enough
1. I don’t like this place. There are people here. b) too many
a) too much c) much
b) too many
c) enough 10. We have work to do today.
a) much too
2. She is a lonely girl. She has friends. b) too many
a) a few c) too much
b) little
c) few
3. We have had rain these days.

a) plenty
b) a lot of
c) many
4. There enough umbrellas for everyone.

a) aren’t
b) don’t
c) isn’t
5. My grandfather is retired, so he has free time.

a) much
b) many
c) a lot of
6. How many sisters do you have?

.
a) Any.
b) None.
c) A lot of.
7. I am worried because I think I made mistakes in the essay.

a) little
b) few
c) a few KEY
1. B
8. We are not in a hurry, because we have time. 2. e
a) plenty 3. B
b) plenty of 4. A
c) many S. e
6. B
7. e
8. B
9. A
lO. e
ACTIVITY ADJECTIVES KEY
1. B
1. My parents are by the idea of travelling to India. 2. A
a) exciting
3. A
b) excited
4. A
2. I am certain famous people find media attention . 5. B
a) flattering 6. A
b) flattered 7. B
8. A
3. I think bungee jumping is .
9. A
a) frightening
b) frightened
4. Please stop making that noise. It’s

a) irritating
b) irritated
5. When I fail an easy exam I feel really with myself.

a) annoying
b) annoyed
6. I found the instructions rather .

a) confusing
b) confused
7. I was fired 2 years ago and las year my girlfriend left me too. I’m so .
a) depressing
b) depressed
8. I can’t understand why people are so in celebrities’ private lives.

a) interested
b) interesting
9. The Monday morning English lessons are often quite .

a) boring
b) bored
ACTIVITY CONPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE 10. She would look much with short dark hair.
a) good
1. My sister is than my father. b) the better
a) taller c) better
b) the tallest
c) more taller
2. My son is student in his class.

a) younger than
b) the younger
c) the youngest
3. Her husband is about 25 and she is two years younger than .

a) he
b) him
c) his
4. Jane’s house is as mine.

a) as big
b) as bigger
c) as same
5. The hotel was from the airport than we were told.

a) farer
b) more far
c) further
6. Could we have lunch a bit tomorrow?

a) early
b) earlier
c) earlyer
7. I don’t visit my grandparents often as I would like.

a) as
b) than KEY
c) more 1. A
2. C
8. It’s the sandwich I’ve ever tried.
a) best
3. B
b) most best 4. A
c) bestest 5. C
6. B
9. Our teacher is not as as he thinks he is. 7. A
a) cleverer 8. A
b) more clever
c) clever
9. C
10.C
ADJECTIVES ENDING IN ‘–ED’ AND ‘–ING’
Los adjetivos terminados en ‘-ing’ describen algo que causa esa emoción. Por
ADJETIVOS TERMINADOS EN –ED E ‘-ING’
ejemplo, un regalo sorprendente (surprising) te hace sentir sorprendido
x In English we can have the same adjective ended in either ‘–ed’ or ‘–ing’, and in (surprised).Por lo general, son los equivalentes a aquellos adjetivos en español
each case it will have a different meaning. terminados en ‘–ante’ o ‘–ente’ y van con el verbo ‘ser’.
En inglés podemos tener el mismo adjetivo acabado en ‘–ed’ o bien en ‘–ing’, y o Examples:
en cada caso tendrá un significado diferente. Diane is a very interesting person.
x For instance, it is not the same saying “my brother is bored” than saying “my Diane es una persona muy interesante.
brother is boring”. Travelling is one of the most exciting things you can do.
Por ejemplo, no es lo mismo decir “mi hermano está aburrido” que decir “mi Viajar es una de las cosas más emocionantes que puedes hacer.
hermano es aburrido”.
1. ‘-ED’ ADJECTIVES
ADJETIVOS TERMINADOS EN ‘-ED’
x Those adjectives ended in ‘-ed’ describe feelings and emotions.

Aquellos adjetivos acabados en ‘-ed’ describen sentimientos y emociones. En
español, son los que van acompañados por el verbo ‘estar’ y son equivalentes a
los que terminan en ‘–ado’ o ‘–ido’.
o Examples:
I am interested in Science and Technology.
Estoy interesado/a en Ciencias y Tecnología.
I am always bored during summer holidays.
Siempre estoy aburrido/a durante las vacaciones de verano.
2. ‘-IN G’ ADJECTIVES
ADJETIVOS TERMINADOS EN ‘–ING’
x ‘-ing’ adjectives describe something that causes that emotion. For example, a
surprising gift makes you feel surprised.
COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES o Example: late – later (tarde – más tarde)
ADJETIVOS COMPARATIVOS Y SUPERLATIVOS If the short adjective ends in ‘-y’, it turns into an ‘i’, and is followed by ‘–er’.
Si el adjetivo corto termina en ‘-y’, se transforma en una ‘i’ y va seguido de ‘-er’.
1. COMPARATIVES
o Example: happy – happier (feliz – más feliz)
COMPARATIVOS
If the adjective has one syllable and it ends in vowel + consonant, then the
We use comparative adjectives to compare different things, people, animals or
consonant is doubled.
actions.
Si el adjetivo es de una sílaba y termina en vocal + consonante, entonces la
Usamos los adjetivos comparativos para comparar diferentes cosas, personas,
consonante se dobla.
animales o acciones.
o Example: big – bigger (grande – más grande)
To make comparisons, it is important to distinguish between short and long
adjectives, because depending on their length they will have a certain structure
The previous rules are also applied for short adjectives in the superlative mode.
or another.
Las reglas anteriores también se aplican a los adjetivos cortos en el superlativo.
Para hacer comparaciones, es importante distinguir entre adjetivos cortos y
largos, porque dependiendo de su longitud, tendrán una estructura u otra.
Comparative adjectives are usually followed by the word ‘than’, plus the person
or object with which we are comparing the subject of the sentence.
Short adjectives Long adjectives Los adjetivos comparativos normalmente van seguidos de la palabra ‘than’
One-syllable words Words with more than two syllables (‘que’), más la persona u objeto con el cual estamos comparando el sujeto de la
Palabras de una sílaba Palabras de más de dos sílabas frase.
Two-syllable words ending in ‘-y’ Two-syllable words not ending in ‘-y’
o Example: Dogs are more affectionate than cats.
Palabras de dos sílabas que terminan Palabras de dos sílabas que no
en ‘-y’ terminan en ‘-y’ Los perros son más cariñosos que los gatos.
RULE RULE If the comparison involves two identical persons or items, then we use the
We put the word ‘more’ before structure: “as + adjective + as”.
We add ‘-er’ to the adjective the adjective Si la comparación implica dos personas u objetos idénticos, usamos la estructura
Añadimos ‘-er’ al adjetivo Ponemos la palabra ‘more’ delante “as + adjetivo + as”.
del adjetivo o Example: Your job is as enriching as mine.
Examples Examples Tu trabajo es tan enriquecedor como el mío.
Hard – harder Intelligent – more intelligent
Duro – más duro Inteligente – más inteligente 2. SUPERLATIVES
Small – smaller Expensive – more expensive SUPERLATIVOS
Pequeño – más pequeño Caro – más caro
We use superlative adjectives to compare one member of a group of objects,
animals, persons or actions with the rest of the whole group.
If the short adjective ends in ‘–e’, we only add an ‘-r’. Usamos los adjetivos superlativos para comparar un miembro de un grupo de
Si el adjetivo corto termina en ‘-e’, sólo le añadimos una ‘-r’. objetos, animales, personas o acciones con el resto del grupo entero
As well as the comparative mode, in the superlative it is essential to distinguish
Adjective Comparative Superlative
short adjectives from long ones.
Good Better The best
Así como en el modo comparativo, en el superlativo es esencial distinguir los Bad Worse The worst
adjetivos cortos de los largos. Far Further The furthest
The criteria to distinguish them are the same than in the comparative mode, so Little Less The least
you can take a look at the chart above to review them.
Los criterios para diferenciarlos son los mismos que los del modo comparativo,
así que puedes echarle un vistazo a la tabla de arriba para repasarlos.
The word structure the only thing that varies. For short adjectives, we add ‘-est’,
and for long ones, we add the word ‘most’ before the adjective.
La estructura de las palabras es lo único que varía. Para los adjetivos cortos
añadimos ‘-est’, y para los largos, añadimos la palabra ‘most’ delante del
adjetivo.
o Examples:
Frank is the shortest boy in the class.
Frank es el chico más bajo de la clase.
A house is the most expensive thing you can buy.
Una casa es lo más caro que puedes comprar.
Superlative adjectives are preceded by the word ‘the’.
Los adjetivos superlativos van precedidos por la palabra ‘the’.
o Example: You are the most amazing person I have ever met!
¡Eres la persona más asombrosa que jamás he conocido!
3. IRREGULAR ADJECTIVES
ADJETIVOS IRREGULARES
There is a set of adjectives that do not follow the rules above. Instead, they take
completely different words to make the comparative or the superlative form.
Hay un grupo de adjetivos que no siguen ninguna de las reglas anteriores. En su
lugar, toman palabras totalmente distintas para formar el comparativo o el
superlativo.
These adjetives are:
Estos adjetivos son:
QUANTIFIERS
We can add the word ‘too’ before ‘many’ or ‘much’ to express that there is more
than we need (or expect) of something.
1. TOO AND ENOUGH Podemos añadir la palabra ‘too’ delante de ‘many’ o ‘much’ para expresar que
hay más de lo que necesitamos (o esperamos) de algo. Se traduce como
We use ‘too’ and ‘enough’ to talk about the quantity of something. “demasiado/a” o “demasiados/as”.
Usamos ‘too’ (demasiado) y ‘enough’ (suficiente) para hablar sobre la cantidad de algo.
o Examples:
There were too many people in the party.
Too Enough Había demasiadas personas (demasiada gente) en la fiesta.
Too + adjective (+ full infinitive) Adjective + enough (+ full infinitive) She is always bored because she has too much free time.
Example: It’s too hot (to cook a Example: You are not tall enough (to Ella siempre está aburrida porque tiene demasiado tiempo libre.
With an adjective stew). play basketball).
Con un adjetivo
Hace demasiado calor (para cocinar No eres suficientemente alto (para
un potaje). jugar al baloncesto). 3. SOME AND ANY
Too + many / much + noun (+ full Enough + noun (+ full infinitive)
infinitive) Example: She has enough money (to Both ‘some’ and ‘any’ can be used with either countable or uncountable nouns,
With a noun Example: Christian works too many buy a house). to express an indefinite quantity.
Con un sustantivo hours (to have any hobby). Ella tiene suficiente dinero (para ‘Some’ y ‘any’ se pueden usar tanto con sustantivos contables como incontables,
Cristian trabaja demasiadas horas comprarse una casa).
(para tener algún hobby).
para expresar una cantidad indefinida. ‘Some’ se traduce como “algunos/as” y
Too + adverb (+ full infinitive) Adverb + enough (+ full infinitive) ‘any’ como “algún/o/a” o “algo de”, dependiendo del contexto.
Example: He arrived too late to see Example: He was driving quickly The only difference is that ‘some’ is used in affirmative sentences and ‘any’ in
the opening of the performance. enough (to get noticed by the negative and interrogative ones.
With an adverb Él llegó demasiado tarde (para ver police).
Con un adverbio La única diferencia es que ‘some’ se usa en oraciones afirmativas y ‘any’ en
la abertura de la actuación). Él conducía suficientemente rápido negativas e interrogativas. En las oraciones negativas, ‘any’ se traduce como
como para llamar la atención a la
policía.
“ningún” o “ninguno/a”.
o Examples:
There are some good restaurants in this city.
2. MUCH AND MANY Hay algunos restaurantes buenos en esta ciudad.
Is there any letter for me?
We use ‘many’ with countable nouns. ¿Hay alguna carta para mí?
Usamos ‘many’ con sustantivos contables. Se traduce como “muchos/as” However, we can use ‘some’ in interrogative sentences when we are making an
o Example: There are many apples in the basket. offer or a request.
Hay muchas manzanas en la cesta. Sin embargo, podemos usar ‘some’ en frases interrogativas cuando hacemos un
We use ‘much’ with uncountable nouns, usually in negative and interrogative ofrecimiento o una petición:
sentences. o Examples:
Usamos ‘much’ con sustantivos incontables, normalmente en frases negativas o Would you like some cake?
interrogativas. Se traduce como “mucho/a” ¿Quieres (un poco de) tarta?
o Example: My mum never shows much interest in football. Can I have some coffee, please?
Mi madre nunca muestra mucho interés en el fútbol. ¿Puedo tomar (un poco de) café, por favor?
We can also use ‘any’ in affirmative sentences when we mean “I don’t mind Countable Uncountable
which one”. Negative sense: “not enough” Few Little
También podemos usar ‘any’ en frases afirmativas cuando queremos decir “no Sentido negativo: “no es suficiente” Pocos/as Poco / poca
me importa cual”. Se traduce como “cualquier/a”. Positive sense: “enough” A few A little
o Examples: Any fruit is good for your health. Sentido positivo: “es suficiente” Unos/as pocos/as Un poco
Cualquier fruta es Buena para tu salud.
o Examples:
4. NO AND NONE She has few friends (in a negative sense)
Ella tiene pocos amigos (en un sentido negativo)
‘No’ is an alternative for ‘any’ if we don’t want to use the verb in the negative. It She has a few friends (in a positive sense)
is used with countable and uncountable nouns. Ella tiene unos pocos amigos (en un sentido positivo)
‘No’ es una alternativa para ‘any’ si no queremos poner el verbo en negativo. Se There is little food (it is not enough)
usa con sustantivos contables e incontables. Hay poca comida (no es suficiente)
So, if the verb is in the affirmative and we want to deny something, we can use There is a little food (it is enough)
‘no’ followed by a noun. Hay un poco de comida (es suficiente)
Por tanto, si el verbo está en afirmativo y queremos negar algo, podemos usar
‘no’ seguido de un sustantivo. 6. PLENTY AND PLENTY OF
o Examples:
I don’t have any money : I have no money. ‘Plenty of’ means “more than enough”, and it can be used with countable or
Ambas frases se traducen igual: No tengo dinero. uncountable words.
‘None’ is a pronoun and, as such, is not followed by any noun. It can be used with ‘Plenty of’ significa “más que suficiente” (“de sobra”), y puede usarse con
countable and uncountable nouns. palabras contables o incontables.
‘None’ es un pronombre y, como tal, no va seguido de ningún sustantivo. Se o Example: There is plenty of bread.
puede usar con sustantivos contables o incontables y se traduce como Hay pan de sobra.
“ninguno/a” o “nada”. ‘Plenty’ without the preposition ‘of’ is a pronoun and it is not accompanied by
o Examples: How much money do you have? – None. any other word. We use it when we already know what we are talking about in a
¿Cuánto dinero llevas? – Nada. conversation.
‘Plenty’ sin la preposición ‘of’ es un pronombre y no va acompañado de ninguna
5. FEW AND A FEW, LITTLE AND A LITTLE otra palabra. Lo usamos cuando ya sabemos de lo que se habla en una
conversación.
‘Few’ and ‘a few’ are used with countable nouns, whereas ‘little’ and ‘a little’ are o Example: Is there any rice left? – Don’t worry, there is plenty.
used with uncountable nouns ¿Queda algo de arroz? – No te preocupes, hay de sobra.
‘Few’ y ‘a few’ se usan para sustantivos contables, mientras que ‘little’ y ‘a little’
se usan con sustantivos incontables. 7. A LOT OF AND LOTS OF
On the other hand, ‘few’ and ‘little’ have a connotation of “not being enough”
whereas ‘a few’ and ‘a little’ have the meaning of “being enough”. ‘A lot of’ and ‘lots of’ can be used in exactly the same way: with countable and
Por otra parte, ‘few’ y ‘little’ tienen una connotación de “no ser suficiente”, uncountable nouns in affirmative sentences.
mientras que ‘a few’ y ‘a little’ tienen el sentido de “ser suficiente”.
READING UNIT 2
‘A lot of’ y ‘lots of’ se pueden usar exactamente de la misma manera: con
sustantivos contables e incontables en oraciones afirmativas. Se traduce como Order the sentences below to make a story. The first sentence of the story (A) is already given for
“un montón de” o “montones de”. you.
o Examples: In February we usually have a lot of / lots of exams.
En febrero normalmente tenemos un montón de / montones de exámenes.
A) Andrew Sanders was born in the UK in 1895, but his childhood wasn’t a happy one.
B) That was when he first learned to cook, and he improved very quickly.
C) Over the next ten years Andrew developed his secret hamburger recipe that made him
famous.
D) Sanders enjoyed a long retirement and visited restaurants all over the world until he died in
1978, aged 83.
E) His father passed away when he was five and his mother had to find a job to support the
family, so Andrew stayed at home to take care of his younger sister.
F) In the 1970s he decided to close down his own restaurant and sold the secret recipe to other
resourceful businesses, one of which became McDonald’s.
G) He left home when he was thirteen and travelled to the USA. There he had several different
jobs, including being a kitchen assistant in Corbin, Kentucky, where he cooked for hungry
travellers.
KEY
A–E–G–B–C–F–D
SPEAKING PART 3
PART 1
• Where did you go for your last holidays? (30s)
• What do you dislike doing when you are on holiday? (30s)
• Where do you plan to go for your next holiday? (30s)
PART 2
• Describe this picture (45s)

• Tell me about a time you laughed a lot (45s)
• Do people from different countries laugh at the same things? (45s)
• Describe and compare these pictures (45s)

• What sort of people would choose to do these activities? (45s)
• Which of these two activities would you prefer to do? (45s)
PART 4 VOCABULARIO
Look at the picture (but do not describe it). Answer the questions in no more than 2 Sightseeing holiday
minutes.
Abroad Al extranjero
Go/do sightseeing Hacer turismo urbano
Have a look around Echar un vistazo alrededor
Take pictures Tomar fotografías
Spend money Gastar dinero
Get lost Perderse
Have a great time Pasárselo bien
Go out Salir
Palace Palacio
Market Mercado
Temple Templo
Statue Estatua
Castle Castillo
Cathedral Catedral
Historic monuments Monumentos históricos
Nightlife Vida nocturna
• Tell me about a time you got lost.
Be worth + -ing (visiting) Vale la pena (visitar)
• How did you feel? What did you do?
• What do people usually do when they get lost?
Holidays by the sea
Rent an apartment Alquilar un apartamento

Go camping Ir de acampada
Seaside resort Complejo vacacional
Go to the beach Ir a la playa
Sunbathe Tomar el sol
Cliff Acantilado
Yacht Yate
Sand Arena
Gentle breeze Brisa suave
Rough sea Mar revuelto
Calm sea Mar calmado
Have a swim Darse un baño
Get a suntan Ponerse moreno/a
Suntan lotion / Sun cream Crema solar
Get sunburn Quemarse
Hotels and restaurants Captain / pilot Capitán / piloto
Cabin crew Tripulación de cabina
A single room Habitación individual Fasten your seatbelt Abrocharse el cinturón
A double room Habitación doble Take off Despegar
A twin room Habitación con camas gemelas Land (v) Aterrizar
Full board Pensión completa Terminal building Edificio de la terminal
Half board Media pensión Baggage reclaim Recogida de equipaje
B&B (bed and breakfast) Habitación y desayuno Customs Aduanas
Book (v) Reservar Hire / Rent a car Alquilar un coche
In advance Con antelación
Tip (v) Dar propina
Waiter / waitress Camarero/a Activity
Bill La cuenta 1. When we travelled to Tokyo we didn’t bring a map, so we got _ .
Wine Vino a. Lost
Starters Entrantes b. Out
Main course Plato principal c. Money
Dessert Postre 2. London is an amazing city, but everything is very expensive. We spent _ in a
How do I get to…? ¿Cómo puedo llegar a…? week.
There is something wrong with… Hay un problema con… a. A great time
Are you ready to order? ¿Estáis listos para pedir? b. All our money
I’ll have… Tomaré… c. Many pictures
Where is the toilet? ¿Dónde está el aseo? 3. Last summer I went to Mallorca and I sunbathed almost every day. By the end of
my holidays I had got a _ .
At the airport a. Bill
b. Sun cream
Departures board Pantalla de salidas c. Suntan
4. We didn’t want to stay in a hotel, so we _ _.
Flight number Número de vuelo
a. Hired an apartment
Departure time Hora de salida
b. Hired a car
Check-in desk Mostrador de facturación
c. Travelled abroad
Baggage / luggage Equipaje
5. The service in that restaurant was excellent so, before leaving, I _ __ the
Hand luggage Equipaje de mano
waiter.
Boarding card Tarjeta de embarque
a. Asked
Passport control Control de pasaporte b. Tipped
Duty free shops Tiendas libres de impuestos c. Said
Board Embarcar 6. I’m leaving in a few minutes. Could I pay the __ _ ?
Delay Retraso a. Account
Overhead locker Taquillas superiors b. Toilet
c. Bill WRITING
7. There was a mechanical problem and we had a two-hour _ _.
a. Delay
PART 1
b. Departure time
c. Passport control
8. A woman at the check-in desk weighed our ___.
a. Passports
HOTEL BOOKING ONLINE – REGISTRATION FORM
b. Luggage Username
c. Boarding cards
[Mobile number]
House:
[Delivery address] Street:
State:
PART 2
You have joined the ‘HOTEL BOOKING ONLINE’ service. Fill in the form with complete
MEMBER FORM
Please tell us about the place where you want to spend your holidays.
KEY
1. A
2. B
3. e
4. A
5. B
6. e
7. A
8. B
PART 3 PART 4
You are a member of HOTEL BOOKING ONLINE website and you are in the chat room. You are a member of the ‘HOTEL BOOKING ONLINE’ service. On your last visit to their
You are talking to Jack, a customer who is also looking for a hotel. Talk to Jack using website you saw the notice below.
complete sentences. Use 30 to 40 words per answer. You have 10 minutes.
Dear costumers,
Jack: Hi! I see you are new here. I joined a few days ago because I’m looking for a We are sorry to inform you that from next month the service fee will go up by 20%.
suitable hotel in Cambridge. Why did you join? We also have to change the time of the customer service: Now it will be only in the
mornings from 10am to 1pm.
You: We feel sorry for the troubles that this change may cause.
Please feel free to email us at management@hotelbookingonline.com
Write an e-mail to friend who also uses the ‘HOTEL BOOKING ONLINE’ service. Write
your feelings about the message you received and suggest possible alternatives. Write
Jack: What do you think about the service?
You:
Jack: How do you feel about the recent rise in the price of the fee? It was 20% cheaper
a month ago.
You:
Now, write an email to the management, explaining your feelings about the change ACTIVITY PRESENT TENSES
and suggesting possible alternatives. Write about 120-150 words. You have 20
minutes. 1. Gordon a letter at the moment.
a. Writes
b. Is writing
c. Are writing
2. Margaret usually at half past six.

a. Gets up
b. Get up
c. Is getting up
3. Michael a driving lesson once a week.

a. Is having
b. Have
c. Has
4. Sally with her uncle for a few days.

a. Stays
b. Stay
c. Is staying
5. Josh my car! It’s so annoying.

a. Always uses
b. Is always using
c. Always use
6. I this song before.

a. Have heard
b. Have been hearing
c. Am hearing
7. They yet.
a. Haven’t been arriving
b. Haven’t arrived
c. Aren’t arriving
8. Have the boys computer games since 10am?

a. Played
b. Playing ACTIVITY RELATIVES CLAUSES
c. Been playing
1. This is the boy I was telling you about.
9. Have you been to the UK before? a) –
a. Just b) what
c) which
b. Yet
c. Ever
2. Is this the bus goes to Somerset?
a) –
10. We have made plans for tomorrow. We won’t be able to come. b) that
a. Just c) where
b. Yet
3. She told her parents that she hadn’t drunk, was a complete lie.
c. Ever
a) that
b) which
c) what
4. The man house is next to ours is my friend’s father.

a) whose
b) who
c) that
5. The Alps, are located in Switzerland, are famous for their excellent ski slopes.
a) -
b) which
c) where
6. Did you hear she has just said?

a) that
b) what
c) –
7. My daughter, is very tall, wants to become a flight attendant.

a) which
b) who
KEY c) whose
1. A
2. A 8. A private university is a place students have to pay a high price for their education.
3. C a) where
4. C b) what
c) which
5. B
6. A 9. I don’t like about New York is the heavy traffic.
7. B a) which
8. C b) that
9. C c) what
10. A
KEY PRESENT TENSES
1. A
2. B 1. PresentSimple
3. B We use the present simple to talk about:
4. A Usamos el presente simple para hablar sobre:
5. B o Routines or current habits.
6. B Rutinas o hábitos actuales.
7. B He wakes up at 7am every morning.
8. A Él se levanta a las 7h cada mañana.
9. C o The frequency in which something happens.
La frecuencia con la que algo sucede.
They often go fishing.
Ellos a menudo van a pescar.
o Permanent situations.
Situaciones permanentes.
Mary works in a hospital
María trabaja en un hospital.
o General truths or universal facts.
Verdades en general o hechos universales.
Water boils at 100 degrees.
El agua hierve a los 100 grados.
This is how we form the present simple:
Así es como formamos el presente simple:
Affirmative
I, you, we, they basic form of the verb.
He, she, it verb + s
Examples:
I do a lot of exercise every day.
Hago un montón de ejercicio cada día.
She usually wakesup at 6.30am.
Ella normalmente se levanta a las 6.30h.
o En el afirmativo, usamos la forma básica del verbo cuando el sujeto es ‘I’, ‘you’, ‘we’ o
‘they’. Sin embargo, con las personas ‘he’, ‘she’ o ‘it’, tenemos que añadir una ‘-s’ al
verbo.
Negative
2. Present Continuous
I, you, we, they Do not / don’t + v (inf)
We use the present continuous to express:
He, she, it does not / doesn’t + v (inf)
Utilizamos el presente continuo para expresar:
Examples:
o Actions that are happening right now.
I don’t usually cook.
Acciones que están sucediendo ahora mismo.
Normalmente no cocino.
Janet is watching TV at this moment.
He doesn’tknow anything.
Janet está mirando la tele en este momento.
Él no sabe nada.
o Temporary situations that will not continue for a long time.
Situaciones temporales que no continuarán durante mucho tiempo.
o En las frases negativas, tenemos que poner un auxiliar antes del verbo. Para ‘he’, ‘she’ They are in Barcelona on holidays. They are staying in an apartment.
o ‘it’ ponemos ‘does not’ o ‘doesn’t’, y para el resto utilizamos ‘do not’ o ‘don’t’. El Ellos están de vacaciones en Barcelona. Se alojan en un apartamento.
verbo ha de estar en infinitivo, independientemente de cuál sea el sujeto. o Definite future arrangements (in the near future).
Planes futuros definidos (en el futuro próximo).
We’re travelling to New York next month.
Interrogative Nos vamos de viaje a Nueva York el mes que viene.
Do + I / you / we / they + v (inf) o Annoying habits that we don’t like.
Does + he / she / it + v (inf) Hábitos molestos que no nos gustan.
Examples: My sister is always borrowing my dresses without asking!
Do you like coffee? ¡Mi hermana siempre me toma prestados los vestidos sin preguntarme!
¿Te gusta el café? This is how we make the Present Continuous:
Does your brother know it? Así es como formamos el presente continuo:
¿Tu hermano lo sabe?
Affirmative
Subject + am / is / are + verb (-ing)
o Para hacer preguntas, colocamos el auxiliar ‘do’ (para ‘I’, ‘we’, ‘you’, ‘they’) o ‘does’
Examples:
(para ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’) delante del sujeto. Seguidamente, ponemos el verbo en infinitivo.
I amstudying Maths right now.
Estoy estudiando Mates ahora mismo.
Common expressions we can find with this verbal tense:
He islistening to music at the moment.
o Always – usually – often – sometimes – rarely – never
Él está escuchando música en este
Siempre – normalmente – a menudo – a veces – raramente – nunca
momento.
o Every day / Monday / week / month / year
Cada día / lunes / semana / mes / año
o Each Monday / week / month / year o Para formar el afirmativo, primero ponemos el verbo ‘to be’ conjugado en
Cada lunes / semana / mes / año presente (‘am’, ‘is’ o ‘are’, según el sujeto). Seguidamente, colocamos el verbo
o Once / twice a week / month / year principal con el sufijo ‘-ing’.
Una vez / dos veces por semana / mes / año
o Three times a week / month / year
Tres veces por semana / mes / año
Negative 3. PresentPerfect
Subject + am / is / are + not + verb (-ing) We use the present perfect to talk about:
Examples: Usamos el presente perfecto para hablar sobre:
She isn’tdoing it right. o A life experience without specifying when.
Ella no lo está haciendo bien. Una experiencia sin especificar cuándo.
They aren’tsinging loud enough. I have been to London twice.
Ellos no están cantando suficientemente He estado en Londres dos veces.
alto. o A finished action with a result in the present (that it is still true).
Una acción terminada con un resultado en el presente (que aún es verdad).
They have missed the bus (so they will be late).
o Para formar el negativo, simplemente añadimos un ‘not’ entre el verbo ‘to be’ y el
Ellos han perdido el bus (por lo tanto llegarán tarde).
verbo principal (éste con el sufijo ‘-ing’). Las formas contraídas serán ‘isn’t’, ‘aren’t
o An event with an unfinished time-word.
y ‘I’m not’.
Un acontecimiento con una expresión de tiempo inacabada.
They’ve been shopping twice this month (‘this month’ is an unfinished time-
Interrogative word because the month hasn’t finished yet).
Am / is / are + subject + verb (-ing) Ellos han ido de compras dos veces este mes (‘este mes’ es una expresión de
Examples: tiempo inacabada, ya que el mes todavía no ha terminado).
Are you looking at me? This is the structure of the present perfect:
¿Me estás mirando a mí? Ésta es la estructura del presente perfecto:
Why is he running so fast?
¿Por qué está él corriendo tan rápido?
Affirmative
Subject + have / has + V past participle
o Para hacer preguntas en presente continuo simplemente se coloca el auxiliar (en
este caso, el verbo ‘to be’ conjugado en presente) delante del sujeto. Después del Examples:
sujeto ponemos el verbo principal con ‘-ing’. I havewashed the dishes.
He fregado los platos.
Mary hasbought many presents.
These are the most common expressions we can find with the present continuous tense:
María ha comprado muchos regalos.
Éstas son las expresiones más comunes que podemos encontrar con el presente continuo:
o Now, right now, at the moment, today, this week / month / year.
Ahora, justo ahora, en este momento, hoy, esta semana / mes / año. o En las oraciones afirmativas, ponemos ‘have’ cuando el sujeto es ‘I’, ‘we’, ‘you’ o
‘they’. Cuando el sujeto es ‘he’, ‘she’ o ‘it’, usamos ‘has’. A continuación hemos de
poner el verbo principal en participio.
Para hacer el participio es importante distinguir si el verbo es regular o
irregular. Si es regular, simplemente se le añade el sufijo ‘-ed’. Si es irregular,
tenemos que comprobar la forma correspondiente en la tercera columna de la
lista de verbos irregulares.
Negative 4. PresentPerfectContinuous
Subject + have / has + not + V past participle. We only use the present perfect continuous to talk about actions that started in the past
and continue to the present.
Examples: Solamente usamos el presente perfecto continuo para hablar de acciones que empezaron
The students haven’tunderstood the lesson. en el pasado y todavía continúan en el presente.
Los alumnos no han entendido la lección.
o Our neighbours have been living here for ten years now (and they still live here).
Elisabeth hasn’tread the book yet. Nuestros vecinos han estado viviendo aquí desde hace diez años (y todavía viven
Elisabeth no se ha leído el libro todavía. aquí).
This is the structure of the present perfect continuous:
Ésta es la estructura del presente perfecto continuo:
o Para hacer el negativo, añadimos un ‘not’ entre el auxiliar y el verbo principal. Las formas
contraídas son ‘haven’t’ y ‘hasn’t’. El verbo principal permanece en participio. Affirmative
Subject + have / has + been + v-ing

Interrogative Examples:
Have / has + subject + V past participle I havebeenstudying a lot these days.
He estado estudiando mucho estos días.
Examples:
She hasbeencalling you the whole afternoon.
Have you watched the film Titanic?
¿Has visto la película Titanic?
Ella te ha estado llamando la tarde entera.
Have they arrived?
¿Han llegado?
o En el afirmativo, hemos de escoger entre ‘have’ o ‘has’, dependiendo del sujeto,
seguido del verbo ‘to be’ en participio (‘been’). Finalmente, ponemos el verbo
principal en gerundio (terminado en ‘-ing’).
o Finalmente, para hacer oraciones interrogativas, colocamos el sujeto entre el auxiliar
(‘have’ o ‘has’) y el verbo en participio. Negative
These are the most common expressions we can find with the present perfect:
Éstas son las expresiones más comunes que podemos encontrar con el presente perfecto: Subject + have / has + not + been + v-ing
o For (+ a period of time) Examples:
Durante (+ un período de tiempo) My husband hasn’t been smoking for a long
o Since (+ a date)
time.
Desde (+ una fecha)
Mi marido no ha estado fumando desde hace
o Just, already (affirmative), yet (negative and interrogative)
mucho tiempo.
Justo, ya (afirmativo), ya (negativo e interrogativo).
o Ever (interrogative), never These dogs haven’t been eating these days.
Alguna vez (interrogativo), nunca Estos perros no han estado comiendo estos días.
o It’s the first time (+ S + V)
Es la primera vez que (+ Sujeto + Verbo)
o Las oraciones negativas incluyen el ‘not’ entre el auxiliar (‘have’ o ‘has) y el verbo
en gerundio (con ‘-ing’). Las formas contraídas son ‘haven’t’ y ‘hasn’t’.
RELATIVE CLAUSES
Interrogative FRASES SUBORDINADAS DE RELATIVO
Have / Has + subject + been + v-ing
Examples: Relative clauses are very useful to give more information about something, without having to
Have you beencrying? start a new sentence.
¿Has estado llorando? Las frases de relativo son muy útiles para ofrecer más información sobre algo sin tener que
Has she beenworking? empezar una nueva oración.
¿Ha estado ella trabajando? o The letter is for you. The letter is on the table - The letter which is on the table is for
you.
La carta es para ti. La carta está sobre la mesa - La carta que está sobre la mesa es
o Para las preguntas, colocamos el auxiliar delante del sujeto. A continuación, para ti.
añadimos ‘been’ y finalmente el verbo principal con ‘-ing’.
In order to insert a relative clause inside a sentence we need a relative pronoun.
The most common expressions used with the present perfect continuous are:
Para introducir una frase de relativo dentro de una oración necesitamos un pronombre
Las expresiones más comunes usadas con el presente perfecto continuo son:
relativo.
o For (+ a period of time)
The relative pronouns are:
Durante (+ un período de tiempo)
Los pronombres relativos son:
o Since (+ a specific date)
o Who: for people.
Desde (+ una fecha específica)
‘Who’ se traduce normalmente como ‘que’ y ocasionalmente como ‘quien’. Sólo se
o Just
puede utilizar para referirse a personas.
Justo / acabar de
The girl who came to the party
La chica que vino a la fiesta
o Which: for objects, animals or complete sentences.
‘Which’ se utiliza para objetos, animales, o incluso para referirse a toda una oración.
Se traduce como ‘que’.
The book which I gave you
El libro que te di
o Where: for places.
‘Where’ se utiliza para lugares y se traduce como ‘donde’, o más frecuentemente
como ‘en el/la que’.
The village where I was born
El pueblo donde / en el que nací.
o When: for periods of time.
‘When’ se usa para referirse a periodos de tiempo. Se traduce como ‘en (el) que’ o
‘cuando’.
The moment when he yawned
El momento en el que él bostezó
o Whose: to indicate possession.
‘Whose’ indica posesión y se traduce como ‘cuyo/a’ o ‘cuyos/as’.
The woman, whose name I can’t remember…
La mujer, cuyo nombre no puedo recordar…
Sometimes the relative pronoun can be omitted. This can only be done when the relative Besides, we use commas to separate the non-defining relative clause from the rest of the
pronoun does not function as the subject of the relative clause. sentence, and we can use ‘that’ instead of ‘who’ or ‘which’ in these type of sentences.
A veces podemos omitir el pronombre relativo. Esto sólo puede hacerse cuando el Además, usamos comas para separar la cláusula de relativo del resto de la oración, y
pronombre relativo no cumple la función de sujeto en la frase subordinada de relativo. podemos usar ‘that’ en lugar de ‘who’ o ‘which’ en este tipo de oraciones.
o For example, in the sentence: “The book [which I gave you] is an excellent novel”, the o Examples:
subject of the relative clause (between square brackets) is ‘I’ ( = “I gave you the This novel, which/that was published in the 18th century, is still a best-seller
book”), whereas ‘which’ is the direct object. Therefore, in this sentence we could omit nowadays.
the relative pronoun: “The book I gave you is an excellent novel”. Esta novela, que fue publicada en el siglo XVIII, es todavía un best-seller hoy en
Por ejemplo, en la oración: “El libro [que te di] es una novela excelente”, el sujeto de día.
la subordinada de relativo (entre corchetes) es ‘yo’ (“yo te di el libro”), mientras que
‘que’ ( = ‘which’) es el complemento directo. De este modo, en inglés podemos omitir
el pronombre relativo, aunque en español no sea posible.
There are two types of relative clauses: defining and non-defining. Distinguishing them is
important because sometimes they can present different structures.
Hay dos tipos de frases de relativo: definitorias y no definitorias. Distinguirlas es importante
porque a veces pueden presentar diferentes estructuras.
Definingrelativeclauses
In this type of sentences, the relative clause gives very important information and it is
essential to understand the whole meaning of the sentence. If we remove the relative clause,
the sentences does not make sense.
En este tipo de oraciones, la frase de relativo da información muy importante, y es esencial
para entender el significado completo de la oración. Si eliminamos la frase de relativo, la
oración no tiene sentido.
o Example:
The man [who is wearing a red tie] is my brother-in-law – The man is my
brother-in-law.
El hombre [que lleva una corbata roja] es mi cuñado – El hombre es mi cuñado.
Non-definingrelativeclauses
Non-defining relative clauses give extra information, so we can remove them and the
meaning of the sentence is not altered.
Las frases de relativo no definitorias ofrecen información adicional, por lo tanto las podemos
eliminar sin que el significado de la oración se vea alterado.
o Example:
Her cousin, who is a famous architect, lives in Oxford – Her cousin lives in
Oxford.
Su primo, que es un arquitecto famoso, vive en Oxford – Su primo vive en
Oxford.
READING UNIT 3
You are going toread a magazine artic/e about exercising in water. Choose from
the list (A-1) the sentence which best summarises each part (1:-7) of the artic/e.
There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use. There is an example at
the beginning (0).
aerobics. Lydia Campbell, a carry a little more excess
Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. fitness expert, says there are weight than you feel
0 I
no conclusive studies on why comfortable with or just feel
The last thing many people it has a less drastic effect on embarrassed because you
expect to do in a swimming your heart, but there are haven't exercised before, there
A You are unlikely to cause yourself an injury in pool these days is swim. The sorne factors that partly is no need to be anxious as
water. latest fitness phenomenon to explain it. Lydia says, 'Water is everything is hidden beneath
make a big splash at the local supportive, as we all know, the water level!
pool is aqua fitness. The and with blood flowing more
B lt is not as easy as it looks.
properties of water have long easily, there is less stress on
been known to make it one of the heart.'
C Aqua fitness can do more than simply help the safest and most effective Getting used to moving in
heal injuries. media in which to exercise. water takes a little time
Physiotherapists have used it because of the gravity changes
D You can lose weight and enjoy yourself at the for years and, even as far back There are other benefits to on the body. Running in water
sametime. as the Romans, the value of working out in water such as will be easier if your body has
water for healing has been the fact that your muscles are lots of muscle, but don't
E You can strengthen your heart and muscles by recognised. less likely to ache the worry about this not being the
following day, the water has a case, as the exercising in
training every day.
massaging effect on the body, water will strengthen muscles
and of course, there is always anyway. Soon you will be able
F Your body will adapt to exercising in water. Today 'aqua fitness', as it is the possibility of getting a bit to move more strongly
known, has seen exercising in slimmer. lt is generally thought through the pool.
G Don't worry about what you look like. the swimming pool that an aqua fitness workout
progressing from merely being can use from 450 to 700
H Exercise in water puts less pressure on the an activity for the recovery of calories an hour. And don't
heart. an injury. Aqua fitness has forget, water is fun - Classes usually start with a
become a valuable training aid exercising to music in water is warm-up aimed at stimulating
The idea of exercising in water is not new. even for professional athletes a unique experience! and raising the body
who use it to reduce the risk temperature. Using the
of overtrain ing. However, properties of water in an aqua
that's not to say that workout can create an
exercising in water isn't ideal The reassuring element of effective training programme
for the rest of us too, from exercising in water is that, that might change sorne
the young to the old, from the apart from doing you good, it previous ideas about how easy
fit to those who do suffer is relatively difficult to do exercising in water is. Try
from complaints such as anything that is going to harm running in shallow knee-deep
arthritis. you. water. lt's easy, but try running
in thigh-deep water and things
5 suddenly get more difficult -
1.. 2 ._l _ ,1 1 1 chest-deep water is even
Exercising in water raises the As far as modesty is harder, as the water resistance
heart rate less than land concerned, if you miss a step, increases.
Source: Carne, Paul et al. 1996. Cambridge Practice Tests for First Certificate l. United Kingdom: Cambridge
University Press.
KEY lC 2H 3D 4A SG 6F 7B
SPEAKING
PART 1 PART 3
• How often do you go to the cinema? (30s)
• What was the last film you saw? (30s)
• Tell me what you like doing in your free time (30s)
PART 2
• Tell me what you see in the two pictures (45s)

• What sort of people play these two sports? (45s)
• Which of these two sports is more difficult and why? (45s)
PART 4
Do not describe the picture. Answer the three questions in 2 minutes.
• Tell me what you can see in these two pictures (45s)

• How can the two activities help children develop? (45s)
• Which activity would you encourage your children to do? (45s)
• Do you play any sports? If so, which one(s)? If not, which one would you like to
practise?
• What sports do you like watching on TV?
• Which sports do you find boring? Which ones do you find entertaining?
VOCABULARY UNIT 3 – SPORTS AND LEISURE TIME Boots Botas Bow Arco
Arrow Flecha Racquet Raqueta
Entertainment – Adjectives Shuttlecock Lanzadera Clubs Palos de golf
Exciting Emocionante Challenging Desafiante (bádminton)
Thrilling Apasionante Relaxing Relajante Cue Taco de billar Bowling alley Bolera
Competitive Competitive Dangerous Peligroso Amusement park Parque de Aerialist Equilibrista
Frightening Aterrador Risky Arriesgado atracciones
Exhausting Agotador Nerve-racking Enervante Roller coaster Montaña rusa Wheel Noria
Demanding Exigente Accurate Preciso Fencing Esgrima Theatre Teatro
Cooperative Cooperativo Daring Atrevido Act Actuar Performance Actuación
Graceful Grácil Determined Determinado Parachute Paracaídas Parachuting / sky paracaidismo
Courageous Valiente Awesome Impresionante diving
Enjoyable Agradable Emotional Emotive
Energetic Energético Dull Aburrido, pesado
Loud Ruidoso Tiring Fatigoso Hobbies
Crowded Abarrotado Upsetting Perturbador Stamp collection Colección de sellos Making models Hacer puzles
Childish Infantil Hazardous (muy) peligroso Cards Cartas Chess Ajedrez
Drab Monótono Balanced Equilibrado Backgammon Tablas reales / Painting Pintura
Fit En forma Careful Cuidadoso chaquete
Well-organised Bien organizado Patient paciente Photography Fotografía Surfing the net Navegar por
internet
Sailing Navegar Running Correr
Sports and equipment Hand crafts manualidades
Hang-gliding Ala delta Tennis Tenis
Snowboarding Snowboard Cycling Ciclismo
Scuba diving Buceo Rock climbing Escalada Shows
Fly fishing Pesca a mosca Motor racing Carreras de coches Top class venue Primera clase Talented band Banda con talento
Rugby Rugby Ice skating Patinaje sobre hielo Huge tent Carpa enorme Funny clowns Payasos graciosos
Mountaineering Montañismo Football Fútbol Excellent sound Efectos de sonido Expansive stage Escenario amplio
Archery Tiro con arco Badminton Bádminton effects excelentes
Snooker Billar Boxing Boxeo Unforgettable Experiencia Smash hit tunes Canciones de éxitos
Golf Golf Pool table Mesa de billar experience inolvidable
Archery range Campo de tiro con Badminton court Pista de bádminton Nerve-racking Experiencia Awesome Experiencia
arco experience angustiosa experience impresionante
Golf course Campo de golf Boxing ring Ring de boxeo Incredible / increíble
Football pitch / Campos de fútbol Gloves Guantes unbelievable
field
Cookery Cocina (hobby) Gardening Jardinería
ACTIVITY 8. is a sport played with swords. a.
Scuba diving
1. To practice archery all you need is some arrows and a . b. Boxing c.
a. Racquet Fencing
b. Bow
c. Gloves 9. I hate playing chess. I find it really .
a. Courageous
2. I would like to practice parachuting, although this sport is said to be _. b. Drab c.
a. Dull Risky
b. Crowded
c. Hazardous 10. I love Frank Sinatra’s songs. He is part of a very .
a. Talented band b.
3. –Let’s go to an amusement park this summer! –No, please. scare Expansive stage
me. c. Excellent sound effects
a. Roller coasters b.
Gardening
c. Cards
4. The London Eye is a huge from which you can enjoy awesome views.
a. Performance b.
Fencing
c. Wheel
5. I had a terrible time the day we went hang-gliding. It was

experience.
a. An unforgettable b.
A nerve-racking
c. An awesome
6. Last winter we went to Andorra to practice ski. This year we are going to the same place, KEY
but we would like to try _. 1. B
a. Chess 2. C
b. Snowboarding 3. A
c. Fly fishing 4. C
5. B
7. A friend of ours has invited us to go with his yacht. a. 6. B
Sailing
7. A
b. Running
8. C
c. Sky diving
9. B
10.A
WRITING PART 3
You are a member of SUPER SPORTS & FITNESS CLUB website and you are in the chat
PART 1 room. You are talking to John, an athlete who has also joined the club. Talk to John
Fill in the form (3 minutes) using complete sentences. Use 30 to 40 words per answer. You have 10 minutes.
SUPER SPORTS & FITNESS CLUB – REGISTRATION FORM

Username
John: Hi! I see you are new here. I joined a few days ago because practising sports is
my favourite leisure activity and this centre offers a wide range of sports. Why did you
Date of Birth (day month year) join?
City / Town / Village You:

[Mobile number]
1.
[Reasons for practising sports] 2.
3. John: What do you think about the personal trainers?
You:
PART 2
You have joined the ‘SUPER SPORTS & FITNESS CLUB’ service. Fill in the form with
complete sentences. Use 20-30 words. You have 7 minutes.
MEMBER FORM
Please tell us about your favourite sports and your sport habits.
John: How do you feel about the fact that there are 40 people in Aquagym now? There
were only 15 when I started.
You:
PART 4 Now, write an email to the management, explaining your feelings about the change
You are a member of the ‘SUPER SPORTS & FITNESS CLUB’ service. On your last visit to and suggesting possible alternatives. Write about 120-150 words. You have 20
their website you saw the notice below. minutes.
Dear members,
The trainings will be cancelled for two weeks because the personal trainer is on
holiday. Sorry for the inconvenience.
The Manager
Write an e-mail to friend who also uses the ‘SUPER SPORTS & FITNESS CLUB’ service,
and wanted to start training with you. Write your feelings about the message you
received and suggest possible alternatives. Write about 50 words. You have 10
minutes.
ACTIVITY PAST TENSES KEY
1. A
1. When we were in Switzerland, we skiing every day. 2. B
a. Went 3. C
b. Were going 4. A
c. Had gone 5. C
2. I to become a teacher four years ago. 6. B
a. Was deciding 7. A
b. Decided 8. A
c. Had been deciding. 9. A
3. Susie a shower when the telephone rang.
a. Had been having
b. Had
c. Was having
4. Martha you at half past five yesterday, but you weren’t home.
a. Called
b. Was calling
c. Has called you
5. I about my favourite film when the alarm clock woke me up.
a. Dreamt
b. Had dreamt
c. Was dreaming
6. I had only my homework for a few minutes when the lights were turned off.
a. Done
b. Been doing
c. Doing
7. Had you already James about the party when I came across both of you?
a. Told
b. Been telling
c. Telling
8. Dad had his beer for a couple of minutes before he realised there was a fly in it.
a. Been drinking
b. Drunk
c. Drank
9. I had a wonderful time because I had never in a plane before.
a. Flown
b. Been flying
c. Flied
ACTIVITY USED TO AND WOULD KEY
1. C
1. When I was a child I live in a village. 2. A
a. Got used to 3. B
b. Would 4. B
c. Used to 5. A
2. Every summer they go to the pool and have a swim. 6. A
a. Would 7. C
b. Are used to 8. A
c. Got used 9. C
3. I have been living in a big city for 10 years. I living with noisy neighbours.
a. Am get used to
b. Am used to
c. Use to
4. She really can’t used to having a flatmate.
a. Be
b. Get
c. –
5. There to be a theatre in this street, but it was closed down.
a. Used to
b. Would
c. Get used
6. It was very strange at first, but now I’m used to chess with the new rules.
a. Playing
b. Play
c. Played
7. She have blonde hair, but then she got it dyed.
a. Is used to
b. Gets used to
c. Used to
8. Anthony used to the idea of quitting his job.
a. Was getting
b. Was having
c. Was
9. Forty years ago people walking more than they are now
a. Use to
b. Would have
c. were used to
PAST TENSES Negative
TIEMPOS DE PASADO x Did not / didn’t + verb (infinitive)
Examples:
9 I did not understand the lesson.
1. Past Simple
No entendí la lección.
Pasado simple
9 He didn’t say anything.
x We use the past simple:
No dijo nada.
Usamos el pasado simple:
o To express finished events that took place in the past, such as anecdotes or historical
events. o En las oraciones negativas, ponemos ‘did not’ o ‘didn’t’ delante del verbo principal
Para expresar acontecimientos acabados que tuvieron lugar en el pasado, como por en infinitivo.
ejemplo anécdotas o hechos históricos.
The Vikings invaded Great Britain.
Los vikingos invadieron Gran Bretaña. Interrogative
o With a finished time-word: yesterday, last week, in 2003… x Did + subject + verb (infinitive)
Con una expresión temporal finalizada: ayer, la semana pasada, en 2003… Examples:
She graduated last year.
9 Did she tell you the truth?
Ella se graduó el año pasado. ¿Te dijo ella la verdad?
o To enumerate a list of events.
9 Did you pass the exam?
Para enumerar una lista de acciones.
¿Aprobaste el examen?
He went to a café, sat down and lit a cigarette.
Él fue a una cafetería, se sentó y encendió un cigarrillo.
o En las interrogativas, el auxiliar ‘did’ se coloca delante del sujeto, que va seguido
x This is the structure we use with the past simple:
del verbo principal en infinitivo.
Ésta es la estructura que usamos con el pasado simple:
x La conjugación del verbo ‘to be’ es irregular:

Affirmative o I was
o You were
x Regular verbs: -ed
o He / she / it was
x Irregular verbs: 2nd column
o We / you / they were
Examples:
x These are the most common expressions found with the past simple:
9 I studied hard for the exam.
Éstas son las expresiones más comunes usadas con el pasado simple:
Estudié duro para el examen.
o Yesterday
9 I sang my favourite song.
o Last week / month / year
Canté mi canción favorita.
o “x” days / weeks / months / years ago
o In 2015, on April 3rd, etc.
o En las oraciones afirmativas, es importante distinguir si se trata de un verbo
regular o irregular. Si el verbo es regular simplemente se le añade ‘-ed’ al infinitivo.
Ahora bien, si el verbo es irregular, se debe poner la forma correspondiente (la
segunda columna de la lista). Todas las personas (I, he, we, they, etc.) tienen la
misma forma.
2. Past Continuous Negative
Pasado Continuo x Subject + wasn’t / weren’t + v (-ing)
x We use the past continuous to express: Examples:
Usamos el pasado continuo para expresar: 9 She wasn’t weari ng the blue
o A continuous action in the past which is interrupted by another action. dress.
Una acción continua en el pasado que es interrumpida por otra acción. Ella no llevaba puesto el vestido azul.
I was watching TV when you arrived. 9 It wasn’t so we decided to
Estaba mirando la tele cuando llegaste. raining,go for a
o An annoying and repeated action in the past, usually with ‘always’ (in the same walk.
way as the present continuous). No estaba lloviendo, así que
Una acción molesta y repetitiva en el pasado, normalmente usado con ‘always’ (de decidimos ir a pasear.
la misma manera que con el presente continuo).
He was always leaving the tap running. o Para las oraciones negativas, ponemos el auxiliar, es decir ‘was’ o ‘were’ (según el
Él siempre se dejaba el grifo abierto. sujeto) seguido de ‘not’. Las formas contraídas serían ‘wasn’t’ y ‘weren’t,
respectivamente. El verbo principal se mantiene con ‘-ing’.
o Two actions which happened at the same time in the past.
Dos acciones que pasaban al mismo tiempo en el pasado. Interrogative
I was eating a sandwich and she was drinking coffee. x Was / were + subject + v (-ing)
Yo me estaba comiendo un bocadillo y ella estaba bebiendo café. Examples:
x To make the past continuous we can follow these structures: 9 Were you looking at me when I
Para hacer el pasado continuo podemos seguir estas estructuras: scored a goal?
¿Me estabas mirando cuando
Affirmative marqué un gol?
x Subject + was / were + v (-ing) 9 Were they having a good time?
Examples: ¿Se lo estaban pasando bien?
9 I was taking a bath when the phone rang.
Me estaba dando un baño cuando el teléfono sonó. o Para el interrogativo, podemos el auxiliar primero (‘was’ o ‘were’), seguido del
9 You were playing tennis when I saw you. sujeto, y finalmente el verbo con ‘-ing’.
Estabas jugando a tenis cuando te vi.
x The most common words used with the past continuous are:
o Las oraciones afirmativas llevan ‘was’ o ‘were’ dependiendo del sujeto (‘was’ para Las palabras más comunes que se usan con el pasado continuo son:
‘I’, ‘he’, ‘she’, ‘it’ y ‘were’ para ‘we’, ‘you’, ‘they’). o While: While my brother was playing the guitar, my sister was trying to study.
Mientras: Mientras mi hermano estaba tocando la guitarra, mi hermana estaba
intentando estudiar.
o At that moment: the baby wasn’t sleeping at that moment.
En ese momento: el bebé no estaba durmiendo en ese momento.
o At one / two / etc o’clock: At nine o’clock I was watching TV.
A la una / las dos / etc en punto / y media: a las nueve en punto yo estaba mirando
la tele.
3. Past Perfect Negative
Pasado perfecto x Subject + had not / hadn’t + past participle
Examples:
x We use the past perfect:
9 She had n’t st arte d her homework by the time the lesson started.
Usamos el pasado perfecto:
Ella no había empezado los deberes cuando la clase empezó.
9 They hadn’t ever been to New Zealand (they really enjoyed their holidays).
o To talk about a completed action before another action in the past.
Ellos nunca habían estado en Nueva Zelanda (ellos realmente disfrutaron de
Para hablar sobre una acción completada antes de otra acción en el pasado.
sus vacaciones).
When we arrived, the film had already started (first, the film started, and
then we arrived).
Cuando llegamos, la película ya había empezado (primero la película o En las oraciones negativas ponemos un ‘not’ entre el auxiliar (‘had’) y el verbo
empezó, y luego llegamos). principal en participio. La forma contraída es ‘hadn’t’.
o To explain or give reason for something in the past.

Para explicar o dar motivos por algo en el pasado. Interrogative
I had eaten, so I wasn’t hungry.
x Had + subject + past participle
Había comido, así que no tenía hambre.
Examples:
9 Had you cleaned the house before your parents arrived?
x This is how we can form the past perfect: ¿Habías limpiado la casa antes de que llegaran tus padres?
Así es como podemos formar el pasado perfecto:
9 Had Oscar Wilde written many books before he got married?
¿María escrito Oscar Wilde muchos libros antes de casarse?
Affirmative
x Subject + had + past participle
Examples: o Para hacer preguntas, seguimos el mismo sistema de siempre: ponemos el auxiliar
9 I had finished the exam a few minutes before bell rang. delante del sujeto (en este caso, ‘had’), y después del sujeto, el verbo en
Había terminado el examen pocos minutos antes de que sonara el timbre. participio.
9 They were very happy because they had won the lottery.
Ellos estaban muy felices porque habían ganado la lotería. x These are the most common time expressions we can find with this verbal tense:
Éstas son las expresiones de tiempo más comunes que podemos encontrar con este
tiempo verbal:
o By (+ then / 3 o’clock…): He had finished his essay by 10 o’clock.
o En el pasado perfecto, el verbo auxiliar es ‘had’. Cuando la oración es afirmativa, Para (+ entonces / las 3 en punto…): Él había terminado el ensayo para las 10 en
ponemos el auxiliar después del sujeto (es el mismo para todas las personas). El punto.
verbo principal tiene que estar en participio. Los participios en inglés se forman o By the time: By the time we got to the station, our train had already left.
añadiendo ‘-ed’ para los verbos que son regulares, mientras que para los Cuando: Cuando llegamos a la estación, nuestro tren ya había partido.
irregulares se utiliza la tercera columna de la lista de verbos irregulares. o Before: They had already checked in their luggage before their plane arrived.
Antes: Ellos ya habían facturado su equipaje antes de que llegara su avión.
o After: I left after I paid the bill.
Después: Me fui después de pagar la cuenta.
o Just: I had just closed the door when the doorbell rang.
Acabar de: Acababa de cerrar la puerta cuando el timbre sonó. Negative
x Subject + had not + been + v-ing
Examples:
4. Past Perfect Continuous 9 The dog hadn’t been sleeping before you arrived.
Pasado Perfecto Continuo El perro no había estado durmiendo antes de que llegaras.
9 The students hadn’t been expecting good marks.
x We use the past perfect continuous to talk about actions that started in the past and Los estudiantes no habían estado esperando buenas notas.
continued up to another point also in the past.
Usamos el pasado perfecto continuo para hablar de acciones que empezaron en el pasado y
o En las oraciones negativas, ponemos un ‘not’ después de ‘had’. Seguidamente va
continuaron hasta otro punto, también del pasado.
‘been’ y finalmente el verbo en gerundio. La forma contraída sería ‘hadn’t been +v-
o Examples:
ing’.
He had been working in a bank until he got fired.
Él estuvo trabajando en un banco hasta que le despidieron.
Interrogative
x This is the structure of the past perfect continuous:
x Had + subject + been + v-ing
Ésta es la estructura del pasado perfecto continuo:
Examples:
9 Had she been writing for a long time when I arrived?
Affirmative ¿Había estado ella escribiendo durante mucho tiempo cuando yo llegué?
x Subject + had + been + v-ing 9 Had you been studying hard before the exam?
¿Habías estado estudiando duro antes del examen?
Examples:
9 They had been doing grammar exercises for two hours.
Ellos habían estado haciendo ejercicios de gramática durante dos horas.
9 Janet had been working so hard that she was exhausted. o En el interrogativo ponemos el auxiliar ‘had’ delante del sujeto. Seguido de éste
Janet había estado trabajando tan duro que estaba exhausta. ponemos ‘been’ y después el verbo principal en gerundio.
x The past perfect continuous is often used with the following words and expressions:
o En afirmativo ponemos el sujeto, ‘had been’ y luego el verbo en gerundio, es decir, El pasado perfecto continuo a menudo se usa con las siguientes palabras y expresiones:
terminado en ‘-ing’. Todas las personas gramaticales tienen la misma forma. o For: The girl had been reading for hours.
Durante: La chica había estado leyendo durante horas.
o Since: The champion had been hoping to win the race since last year.
Desde: El campeón había estado esperando ganar la carrera desde el año pasado.
o Before: They had been talking about Chris before he turned up.
Antes: Ellos habían estado hablando sobre Chris antes de que él apareciera.
o All day / all night: They had been partying all night.
Todo el día / toda la noche: Ellos habían estado festejando toda la noche.
‘USED TO’ AND ‘WOULD’ 4. Get used to
When we are talking about the process of becoming familiar with something, we use ‘get
1. ‘Used to’
used to’.
We use ‘used to’ to talk about habits and states in the past, especially for the distant past.
Cuando hablamos sobre el proceso de familiarizarse con algo, usamos ‘get used to’. Se
Usamos ‘used to’ para hablar de hábitos y estados en el pasado, especialmente cuando nos
traduce como “acostumbrarse a”.
referimos a un pasado distante. Se traduce como ‘solía’.
o Example:
o Example:
I’m gradually getting used to waking up at 6 o’clock every day.
When I was a child, my grandfather used to take me to the park.
Me estoy acostumbrando gradualmente a despertarme a las 6 en punto cada
Cuando era pequeño, mi abuelo me solía llevar al parque.
día.
When she was young she used to be an excellent student.
Cuando ella era joven, solía ser una estudiante excelente.
It is always followed by an infinitive.
Siempre va seguido de un infinitivo.
2. ‘Would’
We use ‘would’ only to talk about habits in the past, but not states. It also refers to the
distant past.
Usamos ‘would’ solamente para hablar sobre hábitos en el pasado, pero no sobre estados.
También se refiere al pasado distante y se traduce como ‘solía’.
o Example:
Before we got married, David would take me to the cinema and would invite
me to eat out.
Antes de casarnos, David solía llevarme al cine y solía invitarme a comer fuera.
We don’t normally use ‘would’ in negative or interrogative sentences with the same meaning.
If we want to make a negative sentence, we can use ‘would never’.
Normalmente no usamos ‘would’ en oraciones negativas o interrogativas con el mismo
significado. Si queremos hacer una frase negativa podemos usar ‘would never’.
o Example:
They would never play board games with their family.
Ellos no solían jugar (nunca jugaban) a juegos de mesa con su familia.
3. Be used to
This expression is followed by a noun or by a gerund (a verb ending in ‘-ing’). We use it to talk
about a familiar situation that is no longer strange:
Esta expresión va seguida de un sustantivo o un gerundio (un verbo terminado en ‘-ing’). La
usamos para hablar sobre una situación familiar que ya no nos resulta extraña. Se traduce
como “estar acostumbrado a”.
o Example:
I didn’t like sailing at first, but now I’m used to it.
Al principio no me gustaba navegar, pero ahora estoy acostumbrada.
READING
Source: Carne, Paul et al. 1996. Cambridge Practice Tests for First Certificate 1. United Kingdom: Cambridge
University Press.
KEY 1 B 2C 3B 4A 5C 6B 7D 8D
SPEAKING
PART 1 PART 3
What is your favourite dish? How often do you eat it? (30s)
Do you like cooking? Why? Why not? How often do you cook? (30s)
Are you satisfied with your lifestyle and diet? (30s)
PART 2
Describe these pictures (45s)

Which situation do you prefer? (45s)
How often do you eat out? (45s)
Tell me what you can see in these two pictures (45s)

Why do people eat unhealthy food? (45s)
How can unhealthy eating affect people? (45s)
PART 4 VOCABULARIO
Answer these three questions in 2 minutes. Food and drink

Chop Cortar Slice Cortar en
rebanadas
Grate Rallar Bake Hornear
Grill Gratinar / parrilla Fry Freir
Roast Asar Boil Hervir
Cook Cocinar / cocinero Cooker Cocina (fogón)
Chef Jefe de cocina Oven Horno
Wash Lavar Hob Hornillo
Kitchen Cocina Cuisine Cocina (estilo)
Lunch Comida (mediodía) Dinner Cena
Plate Plato Bowl Bol
Saucer Platito (té/café) Dish Plato
Vegetables Verduras Vegetarian Vegetariano
Vegan Vegano Fast food Comida rápida
Takeaway Para llevar Kettle Caldera eléctrica
(1) Why is it important to try the traditional cuisine when we go abroad? Teapot Tetera Freezer Congelador
Fridge Nevera Mix Mezclar
(2) Talk about the traditional cuisine of your country and (3) describe one dish. Stir Remover Whisk Batir
Soft drink Refresco Fizzy drink Bebida con gas
Menu Menú Catalogue Catálogo
Feed Alimentar Meal Comida
Recipe Receta
Health and fitness

Surgery Cirujía Infection Infección
Therapy Terapia Bandage Vendaje
Plaster Escayola Hurt Herir
Pain Dolor Illness / disease Enfermedad
Healthy Saludable Unhealthy No saludable
Injury Lesión Injure Lesionar
Damage Daño Dose Dosis
Fever Fiebre Prescription Receta (médica)
Get over Recuperarse Look after Cuidar
Pass out Desmayarse Appointment Cita
Fit En forma Medicine Medicamento
Addicted to Adicto a Benefit from Beneficiarse de
Allergy Alergia Poison Veneno
ACTIVITY KEY
1. A
1. It is very important to eat a diet with lots of vegetables and fruit. 2. B
a. Healthy 3. C
b. Fit 4. C
c. Bandage 5. B
2. My grandmother is the best in the world! 6. B
a. Cooker 7. B
b. Cook 8. B
c. Cuisine 9. A
3. Lasagne is one of my favourite .
a. Bowls
b. Saucers
c. Dishes
4. people don’t eat meat, fish or even milk and cheese.
a. Vegetable
b. Vegetarian
c. Vegan
5. It’s 8pm already. It’s time to have _.
a. Breakfast
b. Dinner
c. Lunch
6. Many famous actresses have to have their nose straightened.
a. A surgery
b. An operation
c. A plaster
7. My back so hard that I can’t even get up from bed.
a. Pains
b. Hurts
c. Injuries
8. Wash your wound properly in order not to get .
a. An injury
b. An infection
c. A pollution
9. After the operation he was in such that he was given a huge dose of
morphine.
a. Pain
b. Fever
c. Hurt
WRITING UNIT 4 PART 3
You are a member of MEALS DELIVERY ONLINE website and you are in the chat room.
PART 1 Talk to Mike using complete sentences. Use 30 – 40 words per answer. You have ten
Fill in the form. You have 3 minutes. minutes.
ORDER MEALS ONLINE – REGISTRATION FORM Mike: Hi! I see you’re new here. I joined a year ago after I started living alone. Why did
you join?
Username
You:
[Mobile number]
House: Mike: What do you think about the service?
[Delivery address] Street: You:

State:
PART 2
You’ve joined the ‘ORDER MEALS ONLINE’ site. Fill in the form. Write in sentences Mike: How do you feel about the recent rise in the price of pizzas? It was 20% cheaper
using 20 – 30 words. You have 7 minutes. before.
MEMBER FORM You:

Please tell us about your favourite food and time when you prefer to have your meals.
PART 4 Now write an email to the Customer Service Team, explaining your feelings about the
You are a member of ‘MEALS DELIVERY ONLINE’. On your last visit to their website you notice and suggesting possible alternatives. Write 120-150 words. You have 20
saw the notice below. minutes.
Dear valued customers,
We are sorry to inform you that from next month we have to introduce a fee for the
meals’ delivery. It will constitute 10% of the meal order. We have to introduce this
measure to reduce the high costs involved in delivering the meals.
If you have any comments or suggestions, please feel free to email us at

customer.service@mealsonline.com.
Write an email to a friend who also uses the MEALS DELIVERY ONLINE service. Write
your feelings about the notice and suggest possible alternatives. Write about 50
words. You have 10 minutes.
Future Forms 7.The phone is ringing, I answer it?
1.Do you think it tomorrow a) Will

b) May
a) Will snow c) Shall
b) Is snowing
c) Snows 8.The plane takes off at 5.pm and arrives at 8pm so Mary to
Manchester at 6 pm.
2.A: Let’s go and have a coffee after work
B: Sorry, I can’t I paddle with Peter a) Will be flying
b) will fly
a) ‘m playing c) Is going to fly
b) ‘ll play
c) Going to play 9.This time tomorrow I my English test
3.A: Is a shark a fish or a mammal? a) Will be finish

B: Ask Robert. He the answer. b) Will have finished
c) ‘m going to finish
a) ‘s knowing
b) ‘ll know 10. I am saving money. By the end of the year, I four thousand euros
c) Will to know
a) Will have saved
4.I think I a new car. Mine is very old b) Will have been saving
c) Will saved
a) ‘m buying
b) ‘ll buy
c) ‘ll be buying
5.I tomorrow. We can go shopping if you want a) ‘m not
working
b) Won’t work
c) Don’t work
6.I my hair cut tomorrow, so I might arrive late at the party a) ‘m having
b) Having
c) ‘ll have
Answers Future Forms
l.a
2.c Formas de futuro
3.b
4.b
Future simple
S.a
6.a
7.c Affirmative Negative Question
8.a
You won’t buy a car
9.b You will buy a car Will you buy a car?
10.a No comprarás un
Comprarás un coche ¿Comprarás un coche?
coche
x We use the future simple to:
Usamos el futuro simple para:
o Make a decision at the moment of speaking:
Tomar una decisión tomada en el momento de hablar
A: 'I'm hot'. Tengo calor.
B: 'I'll open the window'. Abriré la ventana.
o Make a prediction based on opinion:
Hacer una predicción basada en una opinión:
I think Real Madrid F.C. will win the next league.
Yo pienso que el Real Madrid ganará la próxima liga.
o Talk about a future fact:
Hablar sobre un hecho del futuro
The sun will rise at 6am.
El sol saldrá a las 6h.
o Make promises / requests / refusals / willingness:
Hacer promesas / peticiones / rechazos / deseos:

I'll help you with your Maths exam. A: 'We've run out of eggs.' Nos hemos quedado sin huevos.
B: 'I know, I'm going to buy some.' Lo sé, iré a comprar.
Te ayudaré con tu examen de mates.
Will you help me?
¿Me ayudarás? o Predictions based on present evidence:
I will give up smoking! Predicciones basadas en pruebas:

¡Dejaré de fumar! Look at those boys playing football! They're going to break a window.
¡Mira esos chicos jugando a fútbol! Van a romper una ventana.

'Shall' is used mainly in the forms 'shall I ?' and 'shall we?' in British English. These forms are used
when you want to get someone's opinion, especially for offers and suggestions:
Present Continuous
'Shall' se usa principalmente en formas como 'shall I...?' y 'shall we...?' en inglés británico. Estas
formas se usan cuando quieres saber la opinión de alguien, especialmente para ofertas y Presente continuo
sugerencias.
x Although the present continuous is a present tense (as we have already seen in previous units),
x Shall I open the window? (= do you want me to open the window) we can also use it to talk about the future in the same way that we use 'be going to': for plans in
the near future.
¿Abro la ventana? (= ¿Quieres que abra la ventana?)
Aunque el presente continuo se un tiempo de presente (tal y como hemos visto en unidades
x Where shall we go tonight? (= what's your opinion?) anteriores), también podemos usarlo para hablar del futuro de la misma manera con la que
usamos el 'be going to': para planes en el futuro cercano.
¿Dónde vamos esta noche? (= ¿Cuál es tu opinión?)
I am travelling to Berlin next month.
Me voy a Berlín el mes que viene.

Be going to
Future continuous
Affirmative Negative Question
Futuro continuo
He is going to NY this He isn’t going to NY this Is he going to NY this
Sunday. Sunday Sunday? Affirmative Negative Question
Él se va a Nueva York Él no se va a Nueva York ¿Se va a Nueva York este She will be travelling to She won’t be travelling to Will she be travelling to
este domingo. este domingo. domingo? NY this time tomorrow. NY this time tomorrow. NY this time tomorrow?
Ella estará viajando a Ella no estará viajando a ¿Estará ella viajando a
Nueva York a esta hora Nueva York a esta hora Nueva York a esta hora
mañana. mañana. mañana?
x We use 'be going to' + infinitive for:
Usamos el 'be going to' + infitnitivo para:

x We use the future continuous tense for:
o Future plans made before the moment of speaking: Utilizamos el futuro continuo para:
Futuros planes hecho antes del momento de hablar: o A complete action in the future that will happen in the normal course of events.
Una acción completada en el futuro que sucederá en el transcurso normal de los hechos. o With a future time word, (and often with 'by') to talk about an action that will finish
before a certain time in the future, but we don't know exactly when.
I will be travelling to New York this time next week.
Estaré viajando a Nueva York a esta hora la semana que viene. Con una palabra o expresión de tiempo futuro (y a menudo con 'by') para hablar de una
acción que terminará antes de un punto concreto en el futuro, pero no sabemos
At eight o’ 'clock I'll be eating dinner.
exactamente cuándo.
A las ocho en punto estaré cenando.
By 12 o'clock I will have finished my homework (=I will finish my homework some time
x Because this tense refers to something that will happen if everything is as we planned, we often
before 12, but I don't know exactly when).
use this tense to ask politely about what someone is going to do:
A las 12 en punto habré terminado mis deberes (= habré terminado mis deberes un
Como este tiempo verbal se refiere a algo que pasará si todo es como hemos planeado, a poco antes de las 12, pero no sé exactamente cuándo).
menudo usamos este tiempo para preguntar educadamente sobre lo que alguien va a hacer:
By the time I'm sixty-five, I will have retired (= I will retire sometime before I'm sixty-five.
Will you be taking your car to the party? (=I'm asking very indirectly and politely. Perhaps I I don't know exactly when, but definitely before my sixty-five birthday).
want to get a lift)
Cuando tenga 65 años, me habré jubilado (= me jubilaré antes de los 65. No sé
¿Llevarás tu coche a la fiesta? (= estoy preguntando muy indirectamente y educadamente. exactamente cuándo, pero definitivamente antes de mi 65º cumpleaños).
Quizá quiero que me lleve)
o As the future perfect continuous, but with stative verbs.
x To make a guess about the present.
Igual que el futuro perfecto continuo, pero con verbos estáticos.
Para hacer una suposición sobre el presente.
My sister will be working now (= I think she is working now, but I'm not completely certain).
Future perfect continuous
Mi hermana estará trabajando ahora (= creo que ella está trabajando ahora, pero no estoy Futuro perfecto continuo
completamente seguro/a).
Affirmative Negative Question

Future Perfect
I will have been studying I won’t have been studying Will I have been studying
Futuro perfecto here for 3 years. here for 3 years. here for 3 years?
Affirmative Negative Question Habré estado estudiando No habré estado estudiando ¿Habré estado estudiando
aquí durante 3 años. aquí durante 3 años. aquí durante 3 años?
We will have finished We won’t have finished Will we have finished
University by 2018. University by 2018. University by 2018?
Habremos terminado la No habremos terminado la ¿Habremos terminado la
universidad para el 2018. universidad para 2018. universidad para el 2018? x We use the future perfect continuous tense:
Usamos el futuro perfecto continuo:
o With a time word, to talk about an action which starts before a time in the future and
continues up to that time.
x We use this English verb tense:
Usamos este tiempo verbal en inglés:

Con una expresión temporal, para hablar sobre una acción que comienza antes de un punto Present Perfect and Past Simple
en el futuro y continúa hasta ese punto.
Presente perfecto y pasado simple
In August 2016, I will have been teaching here for six years (=I started in August 2010
and still teach here now, probably I will continue after August 2016 but we are not sure).
En agosto del 2016, habré estado enseñando aquí durante seis años (= comencé en
agosto del 2010 y todavía enseño aquí ahora, probablemente continuaré después de Present Perfect Simple Past Simple
agosto del 2016, pero no estamos seguros).
Unfinished actions that started in the past Finished actions:
x We often use this tense (instead of the present perfect continuous) because it is easier to and continue to the present:
Acciones acabadas:
say.
Acciones inacabadas que empezaron en el
pasado y continúan hasta el presente. x I knew John for eleven years (but
A menudo usamos este tiempo verbal (en lugar del presente perfecto continuo) porque es más
then he moved away and we lost
fácil de decir. x I've known John for eleven years touch).
(and I still know him).
For example, let's imagine now it is March 2013. I started working in my job in April 2011. If you ask Yo conocí a Juan durante 11 años
Yo conozco a Juan desde hace 11 (pero luego se mudó y perdimos el
me: how long have you been working here?', I don't want to say '1 year and 11 months' because it's
años (y todavía lo conozco). contacto).
a bit long and complicated. Instead, I prefer to use the future perfect continuous so that I can say 2
years, which is an easier number to remember.
A finished action in someone's life (when
A finished action in someone's life
Por ejemplo, imaginemos que ahora es marzo del 2013. He empezado a trabajar en abril del 2011. Si the person is still alive: life experience):
(when the person is dead):
tú me preguntas: "¿Cuánto tiempo llevas trabajando aquí?", yo no diré "1 año y 11 meses" porque Una acción acabada en la vida de alguien
Una acción acabada en la vida de
es un poco largo y complicado. En su lugar, prefiero usar el futuro perfecto continuo para que pueda (cuando la persona todavía está viva =
alguien (cuando la persona está
decir 2 años, que es un número más fácil de recordar. experiencia de la vida):
fallecida):
x My brother has been to Mexico three

So, instead of saying: I've been working here for 1 year and 11 months (using the present perfect x My brother went to Mexico three
times.
continuous) I prefer: In April, I will have been working here for 2 years. times.
Por lo tanto, en lugar de decir: "he estado trabajando aquí durante 1 año y 11 meses (usando el Mi hermano ha ido a México tres
Mi hermano fue a México tres veces
veces.
presente perfecto continuo), prefiero decir: "En abril, habré estado trabajando aquí durante dos
años".
A finished action with no result in the
A finished action with a result in the
present:
present:
Una acción terminada sin resultado en
Una acción acabada con un resultado-
el presente
consecuencia en el presente
x I lost my keys yesterday (now
x I've lost my keys! (The result is that I
there is no result. I got new keys
can't get into my house now).
yesterday).
He perdido mis llaves (el resultado es
Perdí mis llaves ayer (ahora no hay
que no puedo entrar en mi casa
un resultado, conseguí unas llaves
ahora).
nuevas ayer).
Present Perfect vs Past Simple
With an unfinished time word (this week, With a finished time word (last week,
this month, today): last month, yesterday):
Con una expresión temporal inacabada Con una expresión temporal acabada 1.How long at university?
(esta semana, este mes, hoy): (la semana pasada, el mes pasado,
ayer):
I started three years ago and I’m in my third year now
x I've seen John this week.
x I saw John last week. a) Have you been
He visto a John esta semana (la b) Were you
semana no ha terminado). Yo vi a Juan la semana pasada.
c) You have been
2.What year Mallorca?

Remember:
Recuerda: a) Did you leave

b) You left
x We use the past simple for past events or actions which have no connection to the present.
c) Have you left
Usamos el pasado simple para eventos o acciones del pasado que no tienen conexión con el
presente. 3. I a man like you
x We use the present perfect for actions which started in the past and are still happening now OR a) Have never seen
for finished actions which have a connection to the present. b) Never have seen
c) Never saw
Usamos el presente perfecto para acciones que empezaron el el pasado y que todavía están
sucediendo ahora o para acciones acabadas que tienen conexión con el presente.
4. They each other since they left school
x We CAN'T use the present perfect with a finished time word: NOT: I've been to the museum
yesterday. a) Didn’t see
b) Haven’t seen
No podemos usar el presente perfecto con una expresión temporal acabada. No: Yo he ido al
c) Have saw
museo ayer.
5. Have you ever that your friends love you?
a) Feel
b) Fell
c) Felt
6. I don’t see my best friend very often. But I’ve known her 10 years
a) For
b) Since
c) _
Answers
l.a
2.a
3.a
7. I a flat last week 4.b
S.c
a) ‘ve rented 6.c
b) Rented 7.a
c) ‘ve rent 8.b
9.c
8. He never been to New York
a) Have
b) Has
c) Was
9. She in that house since her son was born
a) Live
b) Lived
c) Has lived
SPEAKING UNIT 5 PART 3
PART 1
• Describe the area where you live (30s)
• What do you like and dislike about where you live? (30s)
• Would you like to live in another place? (30s)
PART 2
Describe this picture (45s)

What would your ideal home look like? (45s)
Where would it be? why would you like to live there? (45s)
• What would it be like to live in these two places? (45s)
• Which of these two places would you prefer to live in and why? (45s)
PART 4 DWELLINGS (Viviendas) AND APPLIANCES (accesorios)
Answer these three questions in 2 minutes. Type of houses
Flat Piso Detached Casa separada

Semidetached Pareado Terraced house Dúplex
Cottage Cabaña Villa Casa campo
Storey building Bloque de pisos Castle castillo
Apartment apartamento Penthouse Ático
Location
Village Pueblo City Ciudad

Centrally located Céntrico Residential area Zona residencial
Close to the shops Cerca de las tiendas In the suburbs En los suburbios
On the outskirts En las afueras Isolated Desolado
Crowded Lleno de gente In the country (side) En el campo
Size
Small Pequeño Tiny Diminuto

Huge Enorme Average La media
Family-sized Tamaño familiar ½ bedroomed Una o dos habitaciones
Cramped Estrecho Large Grande
Wide Ancho Spacious espacioso
Why are skyscrapers useful?
Cost
What sort of people live in them? Have yo ever been in one?
Cheap Barato Expensive Caro
Would you like to live in a high building? Why ? why not? Lowpriced Precio bajo (media) Overpriced Precio caro (media)
Economical Económico
General description
Nice views Bonitas vistas Rear patio (yard) Patio trasero

Cosy Acogedor Comfortable Cómodo
Secure Seguro Luxurious Lujoso
Well-maintained Bien conservado Fully furnished Completamente
amueblado
Airy Aireado Noisy Ruidoso
Cold Frío Brick walls Paredes de ladrillo
Garden Jardín Garage Garaje
Driveway Calzada Porch porche
Appliances City vs country side
Built-in-wardrobes Armarios empotrados Private parking Parking privado
Central heating Calefacción Air conditioning Aire acondicionado Pros cons
Entrance hall Entrada Fitted kitchen Cocina equipada Quiet and Silencioso y Isolated Aislado,alejado
Double glazing Doble acristalamiento Security system Sistema de seguridad peaceful tranquilo
Fence Valla Chimney chimenea Breathe Fresh air Respirar aire Lack of Carencia de
fresco facilities/schools servicios/escuelas
USEFULVOCABULARY Possibility of Posibilidad de Less job Menos
Countryside garden jardín opportunities oportunidades de
Living room Salón Dining room Comedor
trabajo
Kitchen Cocina Bathroom Baño
Pleasant Entorno agradable Boring Aburrido
Toilet Aseo Hall Recibidor
Pantry Despensa Laundry room Lavandería
environment for para niños
Cellar Bodega Attic Desván children
Basement Sótano Storage room trastero Relaxing Ambiente Go everywhere by Ir con coche a todos
atmosphere relajante car los sitios
Job Oportunidades de Pollution Contaminación
In the living room opportunities trabajo
Full range of Amplio rango de Noisy and crowded Ruidoso y lleno de
Fireplace Chimenea Carpet Alfombra facilities servicios gente
Sofa Sofá Paintings Cuadros Lively Ambiente Faster pace of life Ritmo de vida más
Candlesticks Candelabros Armchair Butaca City atmosphere animado/vivo rápido
Chair Silla Cushions Cojines Wide variety of Amplia variedad Stress Estrés
Coffee table Mesita de café Curtains cortinas
entertainment de
Bookshelf Estante Light switch Interruptor
entretenimiento
Socket Enchufe (pared) Lamp lámpara
Easy Fácil de moverte Noisy neighbours Vecinos ruidosos
In the kitchen transportation
Cupboard Armario Worktop Encimera

Cooker Cocina (fogones) Microwave Microondas
Dishwasher Lavavajillas Sink Fregadero
Taps Grifos Freezer Congelador
Fridge Nevera Wastebin basura
Saucepan Olla pequeña Coffee machine Cafetera
Frying pan Sartén Teatowel Trapo de cocina
In the bath room and bedroom
Double bed Cama de matrimonio Single bed Cama individual

Bedside table Mesita de noche Chest of drawers Cajonera
Wardrobe Armario Mirror Espejo
Bath Bañera Shower Ducha
Washbasin Lavabo Toilet váter
Activities 7. I like living in the country side because you can ..........fresh air
a) Live
1. The singer bought a small....... in the country b) Breathe
a) Bungalow c) Have d)
b) Cottage Take
c) Penthouse
d) Mansion 8. This village is .......... there is nobody around
a) Crowded
2. Mary invited me into the ..........room to see her new table for family events b) Interesting
a) Guest c) Noisy
b) dining d) Isolated
c) utility 9. China has many problems caused by the .........., its inhabitants have to wear a mask
d) games a) Economy
b) Suburbs
3. He bought a well-equipped .......... with many modern conveniences c) Pollution
a) Pool d) Rainforest
b) Garage
c) Garden 10.I have just moved into a new flat and I can’t sleep because of the ..........
d) Flat neighbours
a) Quiet
4. They keep all the old toys in the .......... so they don’t get wet b) Peaceful
a) Cellar c) Noisy
b) Attic d) Crowded
c) Garden
d) Terrace
5. They lived in a ..........house, so they weren’t connected to the one next door.
a) Detached
b) Council
c) Terraced
d) Semi-detached
6. The house is situated .......... the outskirts, so it is quiet

a) In
b) On
c) to
d) of
Answers
WRITING UNIT 5
l.b
2. b
3.d PART l
4. b Fill in the form (3 minutes)
5. a
6. b REGISTRATION FORM
7. b Username
8.d
9. e Date of Birth (day month year)
lO. e
City 1 Town 1 Village
[Mobile number]
House:
[Address] Street:
State:
PART 2
You have registered in a Estate Agency 'HOME4YOU' . Fill in the form with complete
CLIENT FORM
Please tell us about the house of your dreams and who you want to share it with.
PART 3 PART 4
You are a client of HOME4YOU and you are in the chat room. You are talking to John,
the manager who is going to help you find the house of your dreams. Talk to John You are a client of 'HOUSE4YOU'.
using complete sentences. Use 30 to 40 words per answer. You have 10 minutes.
You have rented a flat in Palma with your friend from Barcelona because you are
John: Hello! I read you are looking for a 4 bedroomed house. Why do you need such a going to start at University. You contacted with an estate agency to find the best flat.
big house? But now, only a few days before moving into your new flat they have called you
saying that the flat is no longer available and you will have to search for another one
You:
Write an e-mail to your friend explaining what has happened. Write your feelings
about the message you received and suggest possible alternatives. Write about 50
John: Oh, I see! Do you prefer living in the city or the country-side? Why?
You:
John: How much money do you want to invest? What would be your ideal house?
You:
ACTIVITY CONDITIONAL
1. you don’t tidy your room, you won’t be allowed to go out.
Now, write an email to the estate agency's manager showing your disagreement with
the situation and asking for solutions and compensations. (120-150 words) a. Unless
Write about 120-150 words. You have 20 minutes. b. If
c. As soon as
2. We won’t arrive on time we don’t hurry.
a. Unless
b. If
c. When
3. If I you, I wouldn’t write that in the essay. a.
Were
b. Was
c. Am
4. I’ll only lend you the money if you me to give it back to me next week.
a. Promised
b. Promise
c. Will promise
5. If I you were ill, I would have called you. a.
Knew
b. Know
c. Had known
6. When my parents find out that I broke the window, they furious.
a. Are
b. Will be
c. Will to be
7. They won’t have a child until they .
a. Get married
b. Got married
c. Will get married
8. If you had watered the plants, they . KEY
a. Wouldn’t die 1. B
b. Wouldn’t have died 2. B
c. Wouldn’t died 3. A
9. It be better if you brought your homework. 4. B
a. Would 5. C
b. Will 6. B
c. To 7. A
10. Our bedroom bigger if we painted it yellow. 8. B
a. Would looked 9. A
b. Would look 10. B
c. Would have looked
ACTIVITY REPORTED SPEECH a. –
b. Have
1. “You have something to do” c. Had
He told me something to . 8. “What food do you like?”
a. I has / do He asked her .
b. I had / did a. What food do you like
c. I had / do b. What food she liked
2. “Don’t close the door” c. What food you like
Our teacher told us the door. 9. “Do you want a cup of tea?”
a. Don’t close Johan asked Sarah .
b. Didn’t close a. Do you want a cup of tea?
c. Not to close b. Does she want a cup of tea?
3. “Don’t check your phone while you drive” c. If she wanted a cup of tea
My father told me not to check my phone while drive. 10. “I went to visit my grandparents yesterday”
a. You Jane said went to see her grandparents .
b. He a. She / yesterday
c. I b. I / the day before
4. “Could you open the window, please?” c. She / the day before
The patient told the nurse she could open the window.
a. –
b. Can
c. If
5. “Turn off the lights”
My mother told me .
a. To turn off the lights
b. Turned off the lights
c. Turning off the lights
6. “I’ll call the police”
He said he call the police.
a. Will
b. To
c. Would
7. “I’ve stopped smoking”
She said she stopped smoking.
KEY CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
1. C
2. C Conditional sentences present one event (in a clause beginning with if) as a condition for another
3. C event (which constitutes the main clause).
4. C Las oraciones condicionales presentan un hecho (en una frase que empieza por ‘if’) como
5. A condición para que se cumpla otro hecho (que constituye la frase principal).
6. C o We will go for a walk (main clause) if it stops raining (if-clause).
7. C Iremos a pasear (frase principal) si para de llover (frase con ‘if’).
8. B
There are four types of conditionals:
9. C
Hay cuatro tipos de condicionales:
10.C
Zero conditional
Condicional cero
o Use: They are used either to express universal facts or to predict a situation.
Uso: Se usan para expresar hechos universales o bien para predecir una situación.
o Formation: present simple in both clauses.
Formación: presente simple en ambas frases.
If you touch a fire, you get burned.
Si tocas el fuego, te quemas.
If you heat water, it boils.
Si calientas agua, hierve.
First conditional
Primer condicional
o Use: they are used to talk about events that might happen in the future, which can easily
come true.
Uso: se usan para hablar sobre acontecimientos que podrían ocurrir en el futuro, que
fácilmente pueden hacerse realidad.
o Formation: if + present simple [...] will + infinitive. We can also find the phrasal be going
to in the main clause.
Formación: if + presente simple [...] will + infinitive. También podemos encontrar la
expresión ‘be going to’ en la frase principal.
Third conditional
If your friends don't arrive by five, we will leave without them.
Tercer condicional
Si tus amigos no llegan a las cinco, partiremos sin ellos.
o Use: they are used to describe a situation that did not happen and to imagine the result of
If he says that again, I'm going to scream. this situation.
Si lo vuelve a decir de Nuevo, voy a gritar. Uso: se usan para describir una situación que no sucedió, e imaginarse el resultado de
Second conditional esta situación.
Segundo condicional o Formation: if + past perfect [...] would have + past participle. In the main clause we can
also find could have or might have, instead of would have.
o Use: they have two uses: to talk about something in the future that is probably not going
to be true, or to talk about something in the present that is impossible, because it is not Formación: if + pasado perfecto [...] would have + participio. En la frase principal también
true. podemos encontrar ‘could have’ o ‘might have’ en lugar de ‘would have’.
Uso: tienen dos usos: para hablar sobre algo en el future que no es probable que suceda, If we had taken a taxi, we wouldn't have missed the flight.
o para hablar sobre algo en el presente que es imposible, pero no es cierto. Si hubiésemos cogido un taxi, no habríamos perdido el vuelo.
o Formation: if + past simple [...] would + infinitive. We can also use other modals apart If she had asked us, we could have helped her.
from ‘would’, such as ‘could’ and ‘might’.
Si nos hubiese preguntado, podríamos haberla ayudado.
Formación: if + pasado simple [...] would + infinitivo. También podemos usar otros verbos
Note: The if-clause can go before or after the main clause. When we put the if-clause first, we
modales aparte de ‘would’, como por ejemplo ‘could’ o ‘might’.
have to separate the two clauses with a comma.
If I met the Queen of England, I would say hello.
Nota: la frase con ‘if’ puede ir antes o después de la frase principal. Cuando ponemos la frase con
Si conociera a la reina de Inglaterra, la saludaría. ‘if’ primero, tenemos que separar las dos frases con una coma.
If I had his number, I would call him. You shouldn't go to work if you feel dizzy.
Si tuviera su número, le llamaría. No deberías ir al trabajo si te sientes mareado.
If you came in the summer, you could stay with us and you might even get If you feel dizzy, you shouldn't go to work.
your own room.
Si te sientes mareado, no deberías ir al trabajo.
Si vinierais en verano, podríais quedaros con nosotros e incluso podríais
tener vuestra propia habitación.
o In this type of conditionals, when we have the verb ‘to be’ in the if-sentence, we also use
the form ‘were’ instead of ‘was’, even if the subject is ‘I’, ‘he’, ‘she’, or ‘it’.
En este tipo de condicionales, cuando tenemos el verbo ‘to be’ en la frase con if, siempre
usamos la forma ‘were’ en lugar de ‘was’, incluso si el sujeto es ‘I’, ‘he’, ‘she’, o ‘it’.
If I were rich, I would buy a new house.
Si fuera rico, me compraría una casa nueva.
She said: "I want to see Peter"ї She said (that) she wanted to see Peter.
REPORTED SPEECH
ESTILO INDIRECTO
x The previous rule is not applied when:
x The reported speech is used to paraphrase something which was
La regla anterior no se aplica cuando:
said by someone else in the past.
o The main verb of the reported sentence is in the present:
El estilo indirecto sirve para parafrasear lo que una persona dijo en
El verbo principal está en presente:
el pasado.
“The train will be late” Æ She says that the train will be
x It is important to distinguish four types of sentences when we want
late.
to rephrase them into reported speech:
“El tren llegará tarde” Æ Ella dice que el tren llegará
Es importante diferenciar cuarto tipos de frases a la hora de
tarde.
pasarlas al estilo indirecto:
o The sense of the subordinated sentence is still present,
o Statements
because it’s a permanent truth:
Declarativas
El sentido de la subordinada sigue siendo presente, porque es
o Questions
una verdad permanente:
Interrogativas
“I hate football” Æ I told you I hate football.
o Commands and requests
“Odio el fútbol” Æ Te dije que odio el fútbol.
Órdenes y peticiones
o The “past” rule would imply that the action is finished, but it’s
o Offers and suggestions
not the case:
Ofrecimientos y sugerencias
La regla del pasado implicaría acción acabada y no es el caso:
Statements
“I loved her” Æ He said he loved her.
Oraciones declarativas
“La quería” Æ Él dijo que la quería.
x If the main verb of the reported sentence is in the past, then the verb
is changed into a tense more in the past:
x Apart from ‘tell’ and ‘say’, we can also use many other verbs to report
Si el verbo principal está en pasado, el verbo de la subordinada se
statements: explain, admit, interrupt, complain, warn, answer, etc.
mueve un punto hacia el pasado:
Además de ‘tell’ y ‘say’, se pueden utilizar muchos otros verbos para
introducir el estilo indirecto: explicar, admitir, interrumpir, quejarse,
Present simple Æ Past simple
advertir, contestar, etc.
Present continuous Æ Past continuous
x ‘Tell’ is always followed by an indirect object:
present perfect Æ Past perfect
‘Tell’ siempre va seguido de un objeto indirecto:
past simple Æ past perfect
o He said (to me) he was coming = He told me he was coming.
Will Æ would
Él dijo (a mí) que vendría = Él me dijo que vendría.
Can Æ Could
May Æ Might
Must Æ must/had to
Questions Commands and requests
Interrogativas Órdenes y peticiones
x The “past” rule is also applied: x We don’t apply the “past” rule. Instead, we use ‘to’ + infinitive after
Se aplica también la regla del pasado: the reporting verb and the indirect object.
o "Why have you come?" Æ He asked him why he had come.
No se aplica la regla del pasado. En su lugar, usamos ‘to’ + infinitivo
¿Por qué has venido? Æ Él me preguntó por qué había venido.
después del verbo y el objeto indirecto.
x We can distinguish two types of questions:
o “Don’t touch this” Æ She told me not to touch that.
Podemos distinguir dos tipos de preguntas:
o Wh- questions: we repeat the wh- word in the reported “No toques esto” Æ Ella me dijo que no tocara eso.
sentence.
Preguntas con wh-: se repite la partícula interrogativa en la x The most common verbs are ‘tell’ and ‘ask’, but we can also use
oración indirecta. ‘urge’, ‘persuade’ or ‘advise’.
"Where do you live?" Æ She asked me where I lived. Los verbos más empleados son ‘tell’ y ‘ask’ pero también se pueden
“¿Dónde vives?” Æ Me preguntó dónde vivía.
emplear ‘urge’, ‘persuade’ o ‘advise’.
o Yes / No questions (questions that can be answered with ‘yes’
or ‘no’): we use ‘if’ or ‘whether’ in the subordinate sentence.
Preguntas de ‘sí’ o ‘no’: Se emplea ‘if’ o ‘whether’ en la x This is the structure:
subordinada. Ésta es la estructura:
"Do you live in Madrid?" Æ She asked me if / whether I
lived in Madrid. Subject Main verb Indirect object To + infinitive
“¿Vives en Madrid?” Æ Me preguntó si vivía en Madrid. Sujeto Verbo principal Objeto indirecto To + infinitivo
x Remember that, when we report a question, our sentence is no He Told Them (not) to go away
longer a question, and we have to follow the typical order of She Asked Me (not) to be quiet
affirmative sentences (subject + verb), and we no longer need
Mary Urged Her mother (not) to help her
auxiliaries.
She Persuaded Her son (not) to study
Recuerda que cuando pasamos una pregunta a estilo indirecto,
nuestra oración deja de ser una pregunta, por lo que tenemos que I Advised Him (not) to stop smoking
seguir el orden típico de una oración afirmativa (sujeto + verbo) y no
necesitamos los auxiliares.
o She asked me where did I live ї She asked me where I lived.
Offers and suggestions “Siento haber mentido” Æ Ella se disculpó por haber mentido.
Ofrecimientos y sugerencias
x It is important to remember that when we tell what another person
x The reported speech can adopt other structures, so it is very
has said, time and space circumstances can change, and these
important to keep in mind the structure that each verb requires.
changes will have to be reflected don the reported speech.
Here are some examples:
El estilo indirecto puede adoptar otras estructuras, lo importante en Es importante recordar que al contar lo que otra persona ha dicho
este caso es conocer la estructura que rige el verbo principal. pueden cambiar las circunstancias de lugar y tiempo, si es así esos
Indicamos algunos ejemplos: cambios tendrán que reflejarse en el estilo indirecto.
o “We’ll pay for the damage” ї They offered to pay for the o Most frequent changes:
damage. Cambios más frecuentes:
“Pagaremos por el daño” Æ Ellos se ofrecieron pagar por el
daño.
I / my He, she / his, her
o “I’ll definitely finish it by the end of this week” їHe promised to
Here There
finish the work by the end of this week.
Tomorrow The next day
“Definitivamente lo acabaré para el final de esta semana” Æ
Today That day
Prometió acabar el trabajo para el final de esa semana.
Yesterday The day before
o “Let’s leave the room” ї He suggested leaving the room / He
This, these That, those
suggested that we should leave the room.
Last week / month / year The previous week / month / year
“Salgamos de la habitación” Æ Sugirió salir de la habitación /
…ago …before
Sugirió que salieran de la habitación.
o “You should stop smoking” ї He advised me to stop smoking /
“He said I should stop smoking”.
“Deberías dejar de fumar” Æ Él me aconsejó dejar de fumar / Él
me aconsejó que dejara de fumar.
o “The stairs are slippery” ї She warned me that the stairs were
slippery.
“Las escaleras son resbaladizas” Æ Ella me avisó de que las
escaleras eran resbaladizas.
o “I’m sorry I lied” ї She apologized for lying.
SPEAKING UNIT 6
PART 3
PART 1
x What is your dream job? (30s)

x How important is a knowledge of English for finding a job in your country? (30s)
x Do you think you would enjoy an outdoor job? Or do you prefer to work in an
office? (30s)
PART 2
x Describe this picture (45s)

x How has education changed over the years? (45s)
x How is technology affecting education? (45s)
PART 4

• Which job do you think is more difficult? (45s)
• Which job is more rewarding? (45s)
2 minutes:
• Tell me about an important event in your life.
• How did the event make you feel when it happened?
• How do events like this bring people together?
Education
Nursery school Guardería Kindergarten Jardín de la infancia Teacher’s pet El favorito del A lecturer (BrE) / a Un profesor
profesor professor (AmE) universitario
Primary school Colegio / escuela Secondary school / Instituto
high school Freshman Estudiante de A professor (BrE: Un catedrático
primer año highest academic
Technical college Escuela técnica University Universidad
rank)
State school Escuela / instituto Private school Escuela privada
público
At school
Public school (BrE) Escuela pública Boarding school Internado
A class Una clase A classroom Un aula
Faculty Facultad Medicine faculty Facultad de
Staffroom Sala de profesores The headteacher’s El despacho del/la
medicina
office director/a
Open University Universidad a Private classes Clases particulares
Library Biblioteca Language lab Laboratorio de
distancia
lenguas
Academic year Año académico Term Trimestre
Café Bar Playground Patio
Degree Licenciatura Course Curso/asignatura
Gym Gimnasio Auditorium / Salon de actas
To do an English Hacer un curso de A degree course Una carrera /
assembly / hall /
course inglés licenciatura
school hall
I’m in the second Estoy en segundo I study French at Estudio francés en
Desk Pupitre Blackboard Pizarra
year University la Universidad
Chalk Tiza Board rubber / Borrador
To have a degree Ser licenciado en I graduated last Terminé la Carrera
eraser
in Chemistry química year (from el año pasado / me
School bag Mochila Book Libro
university) gradué el año
Exercise book cuaderno Notebook Libreta
pasado.
Dictionary Diccionario Pencil Lápiz
She graduated in Se graduó en A dissertation Una tesina
French francés Ballpoint pen Bolígrafo Fountain pen Pluma
A thesis Una tesis A doctorate / PhD Un doctorado Rubber (BrE) / Goma Ruler Regla
Eraser (AmE)
A master’s degree Un máster
Pencil sharpener Sacapuntas Calculator Calculadora
Teachers and pupils
Phrases
Headteacher / Director/a Teacher Profesor/a
principal To go to school Ir al colegio / To study Estudiar
/university instituto /
Primary school Profesor/a de Pupil Alumno/a
Universidad
teacher primaria
(maestro/a) To learn Aprender To do my Hacer los deberes
homework
A boarder Un/a interno/a Maths teacher Profesor de
matemáticas To know Saber To play truant Hacer novillos
Classmate Compañero/a de A swot (colloq.) Un/a empollón/a To skive off Pirarse To miss class / Faltar a clase
clase school
To swot up empollar
Exams
To sit / to take an Presentarse / hacer To pass Aprobar Model Modelo Postman (BrE) / Cartero
exam un examen Mailman (AmE)
To fail Suspender Marks / grades Notas Nanny / babysitter Niñera Nurse Enfermera
Oral exam Examen oral Written exam Examen escrito Office worker Oficinista Painter Pintor
Multiple choice Examen tipo test To revise Repasar Photographer Fotógrafo Pilot Piloto
test Plumber fontanero Police officer Oficial de Policía
To prepare for al Prepararse para un To repeat a year Repetir curso Politician Politico Psychiatrist Psiquiatra
exam examen Psychologist Psicólogo Receptionist Recepcionista
Reporter Reporter Sailor Mariner
Jobs Salesman Vendedor Scientist Científico
Accountant Contable Actor Actor Secretary Secretario Security guard Guardia de
Actress Actriz Air hostess Azafata seguridad
Architect Arquitecto Astronaut Astronaut Shepherd Pastor Shoemaker Zapatero
Au-pair, babysitter Niñera Baker Panadero Singer Cantante Soldier Soldado
Bank clerk Empleado bancario Beekeeper Apicultor Sports instructor Instructor de Stockbroker Inversor de bolsa
Barber Barber / peluquero Bookseller Librero deportes
(de hombre) Student Estudiante Surgeon Cirujano
Bricklayer Albañil Bus driver Chófer de autobús Tailor Sastre Taxi driver Taxista
Butcher Carnicero Chemist Farmacéutico Teacher Profesor / maestro Technician Técnico
Chimney-sweeper Deshollinador Consultant Asesor Telemarketer / Persona que vende Tourist guide Guía turístico
Cook Cocinero Customs officer Official de aduanas telesales person por teléfono
Dentist Dentista Disk jockey (DJ) Disk jockey (DJ) Translator Traductor University lecturer Profesor
Doctor Médico Driver Conductor universitario
Driving instructor Profesor de Dustman Basurero Vet / veterinarian Veterinario Waiter Camarero
autoescuela Waitress Camarera Watchmaker Relojero
Electrician electricista Employee Empleado Writer escritor
Employer Encargado Engineer Ingeniero
Factory worker Obrero Farmer Agricultor Work and employment
Fashion designer Diseñador de moda Firefighter Bomber Employment Empleo Job Trabajo / empleo
Fisherman Pescador Gardener Jardinero (puesto)
Graphic designer Diseñador gráfico Hairdresser Peluquero Work Trabajo Profession Profesión
Inspector Inspector Interior designer Diseñador de Occupation Ocupación Applicant Solicitante
interiors Application form Solicitud CV Currículum vitae
Jeweller Joyero Journalist Periodista Employment Agencia de empleo Employee Empleado
Judge Juez Lawyer Abogado agency
Librarian Bibliotecario Lifeguard Socorrista Employer Encargado Boss Jefe
Lorry driver Camionero Mechanic Mecánico Interview Entrevista Interviewee Entrevistado
Interviewer Entrevistador Introductory / Carta de To be on the dole Estar desempleado
cover letter presentación (BrE) y cobrar el subsidio
Letter of reference Carta de Personnel Departamento de de desempleo
recomendación department personal
Qualifications Títulos References Referencias
Responsibilities Responsabilidades Post Puesto
Position Puesto / posición Vacancy Puesto vacante
Salary Salario / sueldo Salary expectation Pretensiones
salariales
Wages Salario / sueldo A day’s wages Jornal
Mínimum wages Salario mínimo Nominal wages Salario mínimo
Pay Paga Payday Día de cobro
Payroll Nómina / plantilla Pay slip Recibo de sueldo
Fringe benefits Beneficios Maternity benefits Beneficios por
adicionales maternidad
Bonus Bonificación, plus, Rise (BrE) / Raise Aumento (de
prima (AmE) suelto)
Overtime Horas extra Self-employed / Autónomo
freelance
Full-time job Trabajo de jornada Part-time job Trabajo de media
completa jornada
Temporary job Trabajo temporal Permanent job Trabajo
permanente
Casual job Trabajo eventual Shift work Trabajo por turnos
Team work Trabajo en equipo Day shift Turno de día
Evening shift Turno de tarde Night shift Turno de noche
Apprentice / Aprendiz Unemployment Subsidio por
trainee benefit desempleo
To be on the sick Estar de baja To apply for a job Solicitor un trabajo
To hire somebody Contratar a alguien To earn Ganar (sueldo)
To work Trabajar Dismiss / fire Despedir a alguien
somebody (del trabajo)
To give somebody Echar a alguien del To lose a job Perder un trabajo
the sack (BrE) trabajo
To leave / quit a Dejar / renunciar a To hand in one’s Presentar la
job un trabajo notice renuncia
To resign Dimitir / renunciar To be unemployed Estar desempleado
/ to be out of work / en el paro
ACTIVITY a. Flatmates
b. Classmates
1. Don’t forget to attach a in your CV. c. Workmates
a. Cover letter d. Housemates
b. Vacancy 9. You have to hard in order to do well at school.
c. Payroll a. Read
d. Bonus b. Write
2. I took Sarah a long time to find a new job – she was for nearly three c. Listen
years. d. Study
a. Employee 10. I don’t like tests because you can’t justify your answers.
b. Employer a. Multiple choice
c. Unemployed b. Quick
d. Employed c. Theoretical
3. Being a firefighter is a very stressful _. d. Easy
a. Occupy
b. Work
c. Job
d. Boss
4. It takes a lot of hard to be successful in this business.
a. Job
b. Occupation
c. Work
d. Position
5. Mary is 65 next week and she is leaving, so she is _.
a. Being fired
b. Applying for a job
c. On the sick
d. Retiring
6. I made several mistakes in the exam, so I think I won’t it.
a. Pass
b. Take
c. Fail
d. Have
7. My include a degree in Philosophy.
a. Qualities
b. Quantities
c. Qualifications
d. Quantifications
8. Our teacher told us to choose one of our to be our partner for the
project.
KEY WRITING UNIT 6
1. A
2. C PART 1
3. C Fill in the form (3 minutes)
4. C
5. D CONVERSATIONAL GERMAN COURSE - REGISTRATION FORM
6. A
Username
7. C
8. B Date of Birth (day month year)
9. D
10.A City / Town / Village
[First language]
1.
[Reasons for studying German] 2.
3.
PART 2
You have enrolled in the ‘Conversational German Course’. Fill in the form with
NEW STUDENT FORM

Please tell us the days and times you can come, as well as topics you would like to
discuss.
PART 3 PART 4
You are a new student in the ‘Conversational German Course’ and you are in the chat
room. You are talking to Heather, an old student in this course. Talk to her using You are studying German in the ‘Conversational German Course’. After your last lesson
complete sentences. Use 30 to 40 words per answer. You have 10 minutes. you saw the notice below:
Dear students,
Heather: Hello! Are you a new student? I started three months ago because I want to
go to work in Germany. Why are you studying German? We are sorry to inform you that from next week we need to change the time of the
lessons: now they will be held every Thursday and Friday from 15.00 to 18.00.
You:
studentsupport@german.com
Write an e-mail to a fellow-student explaining what has happened. Write your feelings
Heather: What do you think about the course? words. You have 10 minutes.
You:
Heather: How do you feel about the fact that none of our teachers is native?
You:
ACTIVITY GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES
1. is banned in restaurants in Europe.

Now, write an email to the language school management, showing your disagreement a) To smoke
with the situation and asking for solutions and compensations. Write about 120-150 b) Smoking
words. You have 20 minutes. c) Smoke
2. ‘Why are you studying Malay?’

‘ to talk to people in small villages.’
a) To be able
b) Being able
c) To can
3. I’m terrible at puzzles.

a) solving
b) to solve
c) solve
4. Are you afraid of ?

a) fly
b) flying
c) to fly
5. I called my mum her that I’ll be late.

a) tell
b) to tell
c) telling
6. I used in Spain before I moved to Malaysia.

a) work
b) working
c) to work
7. Everybody carried on until after midnight.

a) sing
b) to sing
c) singing
8. It’s not too difficult my house. It’s right next to the post office.
a) to find
b) finding
c) find
9. Be careful leave the door open when you go home.

a) not to leave
b) not KEY
c) don’t 1. B
2. A
10. Ala decided Sentha.
3. A
a) to marry
b) marry 4. B
c) marrying 5. B
6. C
7. C
8. A
9. A
10. A
ACTIVITY MODAL VERBS 9. Amy be away. Her bag is still on her desk.
a) may
1. You drink the tap water. It’s not safe. b) mustn’t
a) shouldn’t c) can’t
b) mustn’t
c) can’t 10. I’m not sure where he is but, he be in his room.
a) might
2. We only have to be there at 1 o’clock and it’s 9 o’clock now. We hurry. b) must
a) don’t have to c) can’t
b) mustn’t
c) won’t 11. He has grey hair. He be older than 30.
a) must
3. You submit the report by Friday, otherwise the boss will be furious. b) can’t
a) could c) may
b) must
c) should 12. He not remember me. We haven’t seen each other for ages.
a) may
4. The exhibition was free so I pay. b) can
a) didn’t have to c) does
b) mustn’t
c) hadn’t to 13. He be serious. He be joking.
a) must, may
5. In schools in England pupils wear a uniform. b) can’t, must
a) must c) may, has to
b) should
c) have to 14. I used to speak German very well.
a) be able to
6. I think people who live abroad learn the language of the country to be b) be able
able to communicate with the locals. c) can
a) have to
b) must 15. If I had better communicative skills, I would get a job in the
c) should media.
a) can
7. This meeting is not obligatory. You attend. b) could
a) don’t must c) be able to
b) don’t have to
c) don’t have 16. When I graduate, I will get a good job and support my family.
a) can
8. This dish is really spicy. It have chilli in it. b) to can
a) must c) be able to
b) may
c) can’t
17. When I was young I swim faster than anyone in my class. KEY
a) can 1. A
b) able to 2. A
c) could 3. B
4. A
18. I see much better now with my new glasses. 5. A
a) was able to 6. C
b) can 7. B
c) could 8. A
9. C
19. I help you with your homework tonight if you want. 10. A
a) can 11. A
b) should 12. A
c) ‘m able to 13. B
14. A
20. I would love play the piano. 15. C
a) to can 16. C
b) be able to 17. C
c) to be able to 18. B
19. A
20. C
GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES 2. Infinitives
GERUNDIOS E INFINITIVOS Infinitivos
x Infinitives are those verbs which are sometimes preceded by the particle ‘to’.
We use them in the following cases:
1. Gerunds Los infinitivos son aquellos verbos que a veces van precedidos por la partícula
Gerundios ‘to’. Los usamos en los siguientes casos:
x We call gerunds those verbs which end in ‘-ing’. We need to use a gerund in the o As a subject, when we talk about a specific fact.
following situations: Como sujeto de la oración, cuando hablamos sobre un hecho específico.
Llamamos gerundios a aquellos verbos que terminan con ‘-ing’ en inglés. Es To stay here would be a mistake.
necesario usar un gerundio en los siguientes casos: Quedarse aquí sería un error.
o After some verbs, such as: o After some verbs, such as:
Después de algunos verbos, como: Después de algunos verbos, como:
Continue, deny, detest, dislike, enjoy, finish, hate, like, love, miss, Agree, appear, choose, decide, hope, learn, plan, promise, refuse,
prefer, recommend, suggest, etc. seem, try, want, wish, expect, manage, etc.
Continuar, denegar, detestar, desagradar, disfrutar, acabar, Estar de acuerdo, aparecer, elegir, decidir, esperar, aprender,
odiar, gustar, encantar, añorar, preferir, recomendar, sugerir, planear, prometer, rechazar, parecer, intentar, querer, desear,
etc. esperar, conseguir, etc.
x I hate doing my homework. x She decided to become a teacher.
Odio hacer los deberes. Ella decidió hacerse profesora.
o After a preposition: o After certain adjectives and adverbs:
Después de una preposición: Después de ciertos adjetivos y adverbios:
She was talking about travelling. Adjectives: busy, happy, ready, sleepy, tired, willing, etc.
Ella estaba hablando sobre viajar. Adverbs: slowly, fast, low, etc.
o After certain verbal forms: x I am too sleepy to watch a film tonight.
Después de ciertas formas verbales: Tengo demasiado sueño para ver una película esta noche.
Be used to / get used to / can’t help / can’t stand / don’t mind / o After the indirect object of certain verbs, such as:
wouldn’t mind / feel like / it’s no use / look forward to / spend Después del objeto indirecto de ciertos verbos, como:
(time), etc. Advise, help, invite, persuade, teach, tell, warn, etc.
x I can’t help looking at his eyes. Aconsejar, ayudar, invitar, persuadir, enseñar, decir, avisar, etc.
No puedo evitar mirarle a los ojos. x She persuaded me to go with them.
o When the subject of the sentence is a verb, talking about general Ella me persuadió para ir con ellos.
actions or facts: o However, there is a set of verbs which are followed by the base form of
Cuando el sujeto de una oración es un verbo, refiriéndonos a acciones o the verb (infinitive without ‘to’):
hecho en general: Sin embargo, hay un conjunto de verbos que van seguidos de la forma
Smoking is bad for your health. base del verbo (infinitivo sin ‘to’).
Fumar es malo para la salud. x Hear, feel, see (perception verbs).
Oir, sentir, ver (verbos de percepción).
o I saw you come.
Te vi venir.
x Make, let. o Forget + infinitive means “not remember to do something”, so the
Hacer, permitir. person didn’t do it.
o They didn’t let me approach the stage. Forget + infinitivo significa “olvidarse de hacer algo”, por lo tanto la
No me dejaron acercarme al escenario. persona no lo hizo.
I forgot to phone my grandparents (I didn’t phone them).
3. Verbs followed by gerund and infinitive. Olvidé llamar a mis abuelos (no les llamé).
Verbos seguidos de gerundio e infinitivo. o Remember + gerund means “to recall something that was done in the
past”.
x Some verbs, such as begin, forbid, intend, propose and start, can be followed by
Remember + gerundio significa “recordar algo que se hizo en el
either a gerund or an infinitive, and their meaning doesn’t change.
pasado”.
Algunos verbos, como begin, forbid, intend, propose y start, pueden ir seguidos
I remember giving them a lot of presents.
tanto de un gerundio como de un infinitivo, y su significado no cambia.
Recuerdo haberles dado un montón de regalos.
o I proposed to go to the beach / I proposed going to the beach.
o Remember + infinitive means “not forget to do something in the
Propuse ir a la playa.
future”.
x There are other verbs, such as love, like or prefer, that can be followed by
Remember + infinitivo significa “no olvidarse de hacer algo en el
either gerund or infinitive, but their meaning slightly varies.
futuro”.
Hay otros verbos, como love, like o prefer, que pueden ir seguidos tanto de
Remember to tidy up your room before leaving.
gerundio como de infinitivo, pero su significado varía ligeramente.
Acuérdate de ordenar tu habitación antes de marcharte.
o We use love / like / hate / prefer + gerund when the meaning is general:
o Regret + gerund means “to be sorry about having done something in
Usamos love / like / hate / prefer + gerundio cuando el significado es
the past”.
general:
Regret + gerundio significa “lamentar haber hecho algo en el pasado”.
I love reading books.
She regrets quitting her job.
Me encanta leer libros.
Ella lamenta haber dejado su trabajo.
o We use love / like / hate / prefer + infinitive when we talk about a
o Regret + infinitive means “to be sorry about what is going to be said
situation in particular:
next”.
Usamos love / like / hate / prefer + infinitivo cuando hablamos sobre
Regret + infinitivo significa “lamentar lo que se va a decir a
una situación en particular:
continuación”.
I hate to tell you this, but your order hasn’t arrived yet.
I regret to tell you that there isn’t any food left.
Odio tener que decirte esto, pero tu pedido aún no ha llegado.
Siento decirte que no queda comida.
x However, there is another set of verbs which radically change their meaning
o Stop + gerund means “to give up a habit”.
when followed by a gerund or an infinitive:
Stop + gerundio significa “dejar un hábito”.
Sin embargo, hay otro conjunto de verbos que cambian su significado
Sarah stopped smoking three years ago.
radicalmente dependiendo de si van seguidos de gerundio o infinitivo:
Sarah dejó de fumar hace tres años.
o Forget + gerund is used in negative sentences to express the
o Stop + infinitive means “give up something to start doing something
impossibility to forget something that happened in the past:
else”
Forget + gerundio se usa en oraciones negativas para expresar la
Stop + infinitivo significa “dejar de hacer algo para comenzar a hacer
imposibilidad de olvidar algo que sucedió en el pasado:
otra cosa”.
I’ll never forget meeting Johnny Depp in Madrid.
Nunca olvidaré haber conocido a Johnny Depp en Madrid
They stopped to have a coffee.
Ellos pararon para tomar un café.
MODAL VERBS x Phrasal modals are verb phrases beginning with be or have, which can be used
VERBOS MODALES instead of modal verbs.
Los phrasal modals son paráfrasis verbales que empiezan por ‘be’ o ‘have’, y
pueden usarse en lugar de los verbos modales.
x Modal verbs are used to describe probability, ability, obligation, prohibition, o Most old people are able to look after themselves (= They can look after
advice, permission or habits. themselves)
Los verbos modales se usan para describir probabilidad, habilidad, obligación, La mayoría de las personas mayores son capaces de cuidarse por sí
prohibición, consejo, permiso o hábitos. mismas.
x Modal verbs always have the same form and, therefore, they don't use an '-s' x Some examples of phrasal modals:
for the third person singular in the present simple tense. Algunos ejemplos de phrasal modals:
Los verbos modales siempre tienen la misma forma, y por tanto, no llevan la ‘-s’ o Be able to = can
en la tercera persona singular del presente simple. Ser capaz de = poder
o He can speak Chinese. o Be allowed to = can / may
Él sabe hablar chino. Se (me/te/se/nos/os/les) permite = poder
o Be supposed to = should
o She should be here by 9:00.
Ella debería estar aquí para las 9:00. Se supone que = debería
o Have to = must
x We use ‘not’ to make modal verbs negative.
Tengo que = debo
Usamos ‘not’ para ponerlos en negativo.
x We use phrasal modals instead of modals in the following cases:
o He should not be late.
Usamos phrasal modals en lugar de modales en los siguientes casos:
Él no debería llegar tarde.
o After a modal: We will be able to win this game.
o They might not come to the party.
Puede que ellos no vengan a la fiesta. Después de un modal: Nosotros podremos ganar este juego.
o Where a gerund or an infinitive is needed: I love being able to sit
x Many modal verbs cannot be used in the past tenses or the future tenses.
outside in the sun.
Muchos verbos modales no pueden usarse en tiempos de pasado o de futuro.
Donde se necesita un gerundio o un infinitivo: Me encanta poder
o *He will can go with us. Not Correct
sentarme fuera en el sol.
o *She musted study very hard. Not Correct
o In perfect tenses: They have had to wait for hours.
However, some modals imply a past tense in their meaning: could, might and
En los tiempos de perfecto: Ellos han tenido que esperar durante horas.
would:
Sin embargo, algunos modales implican un tiempo de pasado en su significado:
Modals of probability
could, might y would.
Modales de probabilidad
o I didn’t know she could speak Spanish.
No sabía que ella podía hablar español.
They can be used when we want to say how sure we are that something happened, is
x To make questions, we place the modal verb before the subject.
happening or is going to happen.
Para hacer las preguntas, ponemos el modal antes del sujeto.
Se pueden usar cuando queremos indicar cuán seguros estamos sobre algo que ha
o She can go / Can she go?
pasado, está pasando o va a pasar.
o He will leave/ Will he leave?
The modals used to express probability are: normalmente para referirnos al pasado, mientras que ‘can’ se usa para el
Los modales más usados para expresar probabilidad son: presente.
o She can speak six languages.
x May and might Ella sabe hablar seis lenguas.
o Taking these pills may / might cause drowsiness. o My grandfather could play golf very well.
Tomar estas pastillas te puede / podría provocar somnolencia. Mi abuelo sabía jugar a golf muy bien.
o You might / may fall asleep at the wheel. However, if we want to express ability in the future tense, we will use the
Podrías / puedes quedarte dormido en el volante. phrasal modal be able to. This phrasal modal is also used in the following
x Can and could structures:
o Some dogs can be very dangerous. Sin embargo, si queremos expresar habilidad en un tiempo de future, usaremos
Algunos perros pueden ser muy peligrosos. el phrasal modal ‘be able to’. Este phrasal modal también se usa en las
o This bill can't be right. £200 for two cups of coffee! siguientes estructuras:
Esta factura no puede ser correcta. ¡200 libras por dos tazas de café! o Infinitives: They want to be able to satisfy their needs.
o I don't know where John is. He could have missed the train. Infinitivos: Ellos quieren poder satisfacer sus necesidades.
No sé dónde está John. Él podría haber perdido el tren. o Gerunds: She left without being able to talk to the teacher.
o The old house could be quite cold, even in summer. Gerundios: Ella se marchó sin poder hablar con el profesor.
La casa vieja podría ser bastante fría, incluso en verano. o After modals: I won’t be able to finish.
x Must Después de modales: No podré terminar.
We use must to say that something in particular is certainly going to o Perfect tenses: He hasn’t been able to study (not: *He hasn’t could
happen, based on evidence. study).
Usamos ‘must’ para decir que algo en particular va a suceder con mucha Tiempos de perfecto: Él no ha podido estudiar.
certeza, basándonos en pruebas.
o It's snowing, so it must be very cold outside. Modals of obligation and advice
Está nevando, así que debe hacer mucho frío fuera. Modales de obligación y consejo
x Have to or have got to
These modals are also used practically in the same way than must. x Should and ought to.
Estos modales se usan prácticamente de la misma manera que ‘must’. They express obligation, or what it is believed to be a good idea:
o I didn't order ten books. This has to be a mistake. Expresan obligación, o lo que se cree que es una buena idea:
Yo no pedí diez libros. Tiene que ser un error. o You are a student. You should be studying!
Tú eres un estudiante ¡Deberías estar estudiando!
o The police ought to protect the rights of the citizens.
Modals of ability La policía debería proteger los derechos de los ciudadanos.
Modales de habilidad x Be supposed to and had better.
They express obligation and/or advice:
x Can, could and be able to. Expresan obligación y/o consejo:
We use can and could to talk about a skill or ability. Could is normally used to o It's very late; you are supposed to be sleeping.
refer to the past, whereas can is used for the present. Es muy tarde; se supone que deberías estar durmiendo.
Usamos ‘can’ y ‘could’ para hablar sobre una habilidad. ‘Could’ se emplea o You have failed two tests. You had better start working harder or you
won't pass the course. Usamos estos modales para referirnos a algo que no es necesario hacer.
Has suspendido dos exámenes. Más te vale empezar a trabajar más o You needn't pay me now.
duro, o no aprobarás el curso. No hace falta que me pagues ahora.
x Must and mustn't. o You don't have to wash the dishes now. I'll do it tomorrow.
We use must to say that something is necessary, especially in terms of orders No hace falta que friegues los platos ahora. Lo haré yo mañana.
and rules:
Usamos ‘must’ para decir que algo es necesario, especialmente en términos de Modals of permission and suggestions
órdenes y reglas. Modales de permiso y sugerencias
o Plants must have light.
Las plantas deben tener luz. x Can and could
o You must wear a uniform at private schools. We use modals such as can or could to ask for and give permission. The
Debéis llevar un uniforme en los colegios privados. choice of could is more polite:
The negative mustn't / must not is used to tell people not to do something Usamos modales como ‘can’ y ‘could’ para pedir y dar permiso. La elección
which is usually forbidden or is a bad idea: de ‘could’ es más educada:
El negativo ‘mustn’t’ / ‘must not’ se usa para decirle a la gente que no haga o Could we leave early today?
algo que normalmente está prohibido o es una mala idea. ¿Podríamos irnos pronto hoy?
o We must not accept new regulations that restrict our civil rights. o Yes, you can (not: *yes, you could)
No debemos aceptar las nuevas medidas que restringen nuestros Si, podéis (no: *sí, podríais)
derechos civiles. We use can to give or refuse permission:
o Empty boxes must not be stacked in front of the emergency exit. Usamos ‘can’ para conceder o denegar permiso:
Las cajas vacías no deben apilarse delante de una salida de emergencia. o Can I borrow your dictionary?
x Have to and need to. ¿Puedo tomar prestado tu diccionario?
Have to and need to have a very similar usage to ‘must’. However, we usually o Yes, you can. / No, you can't.
use have to (or need to) instead of must when we are not in control of what is Sí, puedes. / No, no puedes.
required: x May and might
‘Have to’ y ‘need to’ tienen un uso muy similar a ‘must’. Sin embargo, In formal situations, we can use may when we ask for or give permission (or
normalmente usamos ‘have to’ (o ‘need to’) en lugar de ‘must’ cuando no not):
tenemos el control de lo que se requiere: En situaciones formales, podemos usar ‘may’ cuando preguntamos o
o My mother has to have an operation on her knee. concedemos permiso (o no):
A mi madre la tienen que operar de la rodilla. o May I use one of these phones?
o I need to wear glasses for reading. ¿Podría usar uno de esos teléfonos?
Necesito llevar gafas para leer. o Of course, you may use any of these phones.
We also use have to instead of must in questions: Por supuesto, puedes usar cualquiera de estos teléfonos.
También usamos ‘have to’ en lugar de ‘must’ en las preguntas: Might can be used to ask for permission, but not to give it:
o Mum, when you were a child, did you have to wear a uniform in school? ‘Might’ puede usarse para pedir permiso, pero no para darlo:
Mamá, cuando eras pequeña, ¿tenías que llevar un uniforme al colegio? o I love these chips. Might I take one?
x Don't have to and needn't. Me encantan estas patatillas. ¿Puedo cogerte una?
We use these modals to refer to something that is not necessary to be done. o Sure, take as many as you want! (not: *yes, you might)
Claro, ¡coge tantas como quieras! Te daré una oportunidad más (más que futuro, lo que se indica es la
We usually use can (instead of may) when we talk about laws and rules: intención del hablante).
Normalmente usamos ‘can’ (en lugar de ‘may’) cuando hablamos sobre In the same way, would is for willingness in the future or for hypothetical
leyes o reglas. situations (conditionals):
o You can't park here. Del mismo modo, ‘would’ es para intenciones en el futuro o para
No puedes aparcar aquí. situaciones hipotéticas (condicionales).
May (instead of might) is sometimes used in formal rules: o I would stay longer if they asked me to.
‘May’ (en lugar de ‘might’) a veces se usa en reglas formales: Me quedaría más tiempo si me lo pidieran.
o No food or drinks may be brought inside. The negative won't and wouldn't are used to say that a person refuses to do
No se permite entrar comida o bebida. something.
o Pedestrians may not enter this way. Los negativos ‘won’t’ y ‘wouldn’t’ se usan para expresar que una persona se
Se prohíbe el paso a los peatones. niega a hacer algo:
x Be allowed to o He is ill, but he won't go to the doctor.
We use this phrasal modal when we emphasize getting permission on a Está enfermo, pero se niega a ir al médico.
specific occasion: o She had a lot of money, but she wouldn't lend us any (past tense).
Usamos este phrasal modal cuando queremos enfatizar la concesión de Ella tenía mucho dinero, pero no nos quiso prestar nada.
permiso en una ocasión específica: x Habits: will and would
o That day was the first time I was allowed to make my own breakfast. We also use will and would to talk about habits or things we usually do, or
Ese día fue la primera vez que me dejaron preparar mi propio desayuno. did in the past:
o No one has been allowed to see the test results (perfect tense). También usamos ‘will’ y ‘would’ para hablar sobre hábitos o cosas que
Nadie ha podido ver los resultados del examen (no les han dejado). normalmente hacemos, o hacíamos en el pasado:
x Shall o John will always be late!
We do not use this modal very frequently. Nowadays it is only used to make ¡John siempre llegará tarde!
offers and suggestions: o Each summer we would visit my cousins.
No usamos este modal con mucha frecuencia. Hoy en día sólo se usa para Cada verano visitábamos mis primos.
hacer ofrecimientos o sugerencias: We use used to (instead of would) for past states:
o It is very hot in here. Shall I open the window? Usamos ‘used to’ (en lugar de ‘would’) para estados en el pasado:
Hace mucho calor aquí dentro. ¿Quieres que abra la ventana? o I used to have a dog (not: *I would have a dog).
Tuve un perro.
x Willingness, habits and preferences x Preferences: would
We use would with verbs expressing preferences: like, love, prefer...,
x Willingness: will and would especially in offers:
As the modal itself indicates, will is used to express a will, something we Utilizamos ‘would’ con verbos que expresan preferencias: ‘gustar, encantar,
intend to do: preferir…’
Como el propio modal indica, ‘will’ se usa para expresar una intención, algo o I would prefer some natural orange juice.
que nosotros pretendemos hacer: Preferiría un zumo de naranja natural.
o I will give you one more chance. o Would you like some tea or would you prefer a coffee?
¿Te gustaría un poco de té, o preferirías un café?
We use would after the verb wish when we are talking about desires:
Usamos ‘would’ después del verbo ‘wish’ cuando hablamos sobre deseos: READING UNIT 7
o I wish she wouldn't smoke.
Ojalá ella no fumara.
SPEAKING UNIT 7
PART 1
x What is the weather like today? (30s)

x Do you recycle? Why? / Why not? (30s)
x Do people in your country contribute to preserve the environment?
(30s)
PART 2
Source: Carne, Paul et al. 1996. Cambridge Practice Tests for First Certificate 1. United Kingdom:
Cambridge University Press
• Describe this photo (45s)

• What other signs can you find in your country to protect the
environment? (45s)
• How can we help to protect the environment? (45s)
KEY 9C lOH llA 12E 13B 14G lSF

PART 3 PART 4
Answer these questions in 2 minutes (do not describe the picture):
x Which natural disaster scares you the most? Why?

x What actions should you take in the event of a disaster?
• Describe this photo (45s) x How might people’s lives be affected by a disaster?
• What other animals can you find in your country? (45s)
• Do you think it is important to teach children to protect the
animals? (45s)
Environment
Be enthusiastic Estar Be short of Tener poco de
Clima Clima Countryside Campo about entusiasmado/a
Extinct Extinguido Forecast Previsión con
Freezing Helado Global Mundial / global Escape from Escapar de Prevent Evitar que
Heatwave Ola de calor Insect Insecto somebody from alguien haga
Litter Basura Mammal Mamífero something algo
Origin Origen Planet Planeta Save something Salvar algo de Think about Pensar sobre
Preserve Conservar Recycle Reciclar from
Reptile Reptil Rescue Rescatar Worry about Preocuparse por An increase in Un aumento en
Satellite Satélite Solar system Sistema solar
Species Especies Thunder Truenos
Wild Salvaje Wildlife Vida salvaje ACTIVITY
Weather Tiempo Lightning Relámpago 1. If you want to know the meteorological conditions for tomorrow,
(atmosférico) you should check the .
Earthquake Terremoto Drought Sequía a. Lightning weather
Volcanic Erupción Tsunami Tsunami b. Climate
eruption Volcánica c. Weather forecast
Forest fire Incendio forestal Hurricane Huracán 2. Every summer we experience a in Spain. During this
Flood Inundación phenomenon, it’s particularly hot and dry.
a. Thunder
b. Heatwave
Phrasal Verbs c. Freezing
3. When I was a child, I was afraid of . Now I enjoy the loud
Blow up Explotar Clear up Limpiar / sound of it.
despejar a. Insects
Keep out Prohibir la Put out Apagar / b. Wildlife
entrada extinguir un c. Thunder
fuego 4. I would like to live in a country with a colder .
Put up colgar Build up Levantar / a. Climate
construir (un b. Forecast
edificio) c. Lightning
5. I don’t usually see a lot of because I live in a city.
a. Insects
Expressions b. Species
c. Mammals
Be afraid of Tener miedo de Be aware of Ser consciente de
KEY
1. C
6. Last night a building caught fire. Few minutes later, the firefighters 2. B
arrived in order to the fire. 3. C
a. Blow up 4. A
b. Put out 5. A
c. Build up 6. B
7. I’m going to this poster on my bedroom’s walls. I really like 7. C
it. 8. B
a. Clear up 9. C
b. Blow up 10.A
c. Put up
8. Cats, dogs and horses are different types of _.
a. Wildlife
b. Mammals
c. Reptiles
9. Crocodiles and snakes are different kinds of _.
a. Species
b. Insects
c. Reptiles
10. Gorillas and lizards belong to different _.
a. Species
b. Wildlife
c. Origins
WRITING UNIT 7
PART 3
PART 1
You are a new member in the ‘Environmental Forum’ and you are in the chat room.
You are talking to Nathan, an old member in this forum. Talk to him using complete
sentences. Use 30 to 40 words per answer. You have 10 minutes.
ENVIRONMENTAL FORUM - REGISTRATION FORM
Username
Nathan: Hello! Are you a new member? I joined this forum three months ago because
Date of Birth (day month year) I was interested in learning and sharing new ways of being eco-friendly. Why did you
join?
1. You:
[Ways of protecting the 2.

environment]
3.
PART 2
You are a member of ‘the Environmental Forum’. Fill in the form with complete Nathan: What do you think about the structure and organisation of the forum?
You:
NEW MEMBER FORM
Please, introduce yourself and explain the ways in which you contribute to protect the
environment.
Nathan: How do you feel about the fact that no meetings are going to be held this
month?
You:
Now,write an email to the forum's staff,showing your disagreement with the
situation and asking for solutions. Write about 120-150 words. You have 20 minutes.
PART 4
You are a member of ‘the Environmental Forum’. After your last visit to the webpage
you saw the notice below:
Dear members,
We are sorry to inform you that next month’s meeting has been cancelled due to the
indisposition of our staff.

studentsupport@environmentalforum.com
Write an e-mail to a fellow-member explaining what has happened. Write your

ACTIVITY THE PASSIVA VOICE KEY
1. B
1. Every year, several awards are to the best pupils 2. A
a. Giving 3. C
b. Given 4. C
c. Gave 5. A
2. When the pizza was , it was already cold. 6. C
a. Delivered 7. B
b. Delivering 8. A
c. Deliver 9. B
3. This song played on the radio very often.
a. Doesn’t
b. Hasn’t
c. Isn’t
4. your money out of your bag?
a. Were / stealed
b. Was / stole
c. Was / stolen
5. We allowed to go out until our homework is _.
a. Are not / finished
b. Weren’t / finishing
c. Isn’t / finished
6. This cottage in 1960 by my grandfather.
a. Has built
b. Built
c. Was built
7. We for the mid-term exams.
a. Have preparing
b. Are prepared
c. Is prepared
8. It since last month.
a. Hasn’t rained
b. Isn’t rained
c. Haven’t rained
9. The students by the teacher for lying.
a. Has been punished
b. Have been punished
c. Have punished
THE PASSIVE VOICE READING UNIT 8
LA VOZ PASIVA
x We say that a sentence is in the passive voice when its subject does not
perform the action, but instead receives its consequences.
Decimos que una oración está en voz pasiva cuando el sujeto de ésta no es
quien realiza la acción, sino que recibe las consecuencias de ésta.
o The police have arrested fifteen criminals this week.
La policía ha arrestado quince criminales esta semana.
o Fifteen criminals have been arrested by the police this week.
Quince criminales han sido arrestados por la policía esta semana.
x To make an active sentence passive, all we have to do is turn the direct object
of the former into the subject of the latter.
Para pasar una oración de activa a pasiva, lo que tenemos que hacer es
transformar el objeto directo de la primera en el sujeto de la segunda.
o Fifteen criminals Æ Direct object of the active and subject of the passive.
Quince criminales Æ Objeto directo de la active y sujeto de la pasiva.
x Then, we add the verb ‘to be’ conjugated in the verbal tense of the active
clause’s verb. Next, we add the main verb in the past participle form.
Después, añadimos el verbo ‘to be’ conjugado en el tiempo verbal de la frase
activa. A continuación, añadimos el verbo principal en participio.
o Have arrested Æ have been arrested
Han arrestado Æ han sido arrestados
x The subject of the active sentence is now the agent of the passive one. The
agent complement in English is introduced by the preposition ‘by’. This
complement can often be omitted.
El sujeto de la activa ahora pasa a ser el complemento agente de la oración
pasiva. El complemento agente en inglés va introducido por la preposición ‘by’.
Muchas veces el complemento agente se puede omitir.
o The police (active subject) Æ by the police (passive agent complement)
La policía (sujeto de la activa) Æ por la policía (complemento agente de
la pasiva)
x In the event that there is a place / time expression (this week), we will locate it
at the very end of the sentence, or else at the beginning.
En el caso de que tengamos un complemento circunstancial de tiempo (esta
semana), lugar, etc, se deja siempre para el final de la oración, o bien se coloca
al principio
Source:Carne,Paul et al. 1996. Cambridge Practice Testsfor First Certificate l. United Kingdom: SPEAKING UNIT 8
Cambridge University Press.
PART 1
KEY
lB x What does religion mean to you? (30s)
2D x Why is it important to celebrate special occasions with family and
3A
friends? (30s)
4C
x When do you give presents in your culture? (30s)
SB
6D
7C PART 2
8C
9D
lOA
llA
12B
• Describe this picture (45s)

• What kind of people would go on a trip like this? (45s)
• How do you feel when you see this picture? Would you like to go?
Why? Why not? (45s)
PART 3 PART 4
Answer these questions in 2 minutes. Do not describe the picture.

• What do you know about their culture? (45s)
• Which of these two cultures do you prefer? (45s)
x Tell me about what you know about his culture.

x What are the differences between your culture and his?
x What do you like and dislike about this culture?
Culture and stereotypes
Belief (plural: Creencia Believe Creer

believes) ACTIVITY
Ethical Ético Ethics Ética 1. When I got to Japan, everything was so new and different…! It was a
Acceptance Aceptación Civilisation Civilización huge .
Misconceptions Concepto Diversity Diversidad a. Disappointment
erróneo b. Cultural shock
Race Raza Cultural shock Choque cultural c. Misconception
Stereotype Estereotipo 2. Muslim people must 5 times a day.
a. Believe
Religion b. Pray
c. Prayer
Bible Bíblia Church Iglesia 3. Many people in God.
Christianism Cristianismo Catholicism Catolicismo a. Belief
Christian Cristiano Catholic Católico b. Believe
Devil Diablo Mass Misa c. Believes
Faith Fe God Dios 4. The Christian religion stipulates that if you behave well, you will go
Sin Pecado Hell Infierno to in the afterlife.
Heaven Cielo Saint Santo a. Hell
Pray Rezar Prayer Plegaria b. Sky
Muslim Musulmán Islam Islam c. Heaven
Tunic Túnica 5. People from Morocco are .
a. Islam
b. Muslims
c. Mushrooms
6. Strange as it seems, Islam and Christianism share many _.
a. Acceptances
b. Beliefs
c. Sins
7. Religions are based on people’s _.
a. Faith
b. Sins
c. Misconceptions
8. Every Sunday my grandparents go to _.
a. Believe
b. Prayer
c. Church
WRITING UNIT 8
KEY
PART 1
1. B
2. B
3. B
4. C MULTICULTURAL COURSE - REGISTRATION FORM
5. B Username
6. B
7. A Date of Birth (day month year)
8. C
1.
[Reasons to learn about 2.

traditions from other countries]
3.
PART 2
You have enrolled a ‘Multicultural Course’, where you will learn new things about
other cultures as well as meet new people from many parts of the world. Fill in the
form with complete sentences. Use 20-30 words. You have 7 minutes.
NEW MEMBER FORM

Please, introduce yourself and explain why you are interested in learning about new
cultures.
PART 3 PART 4
You are a new member in the ‘Multicultural Course’ and you are in the chat room. You
are talking to Nick, an old member in this course. Talk to him using complete You are a member of ‘Multicultural Course’. After your last visit to the webpage you
sentences. Use 30 to 40 words per answer. You have 10 minutes. saw the notice below:
Dear members,
Nathan: Hello! Are you a new member? I joined this course a few weeks ago because I
was interested in meeting new people from other cultures. Why did you join? We are sorry to inform you that next month’s meeting has been cancelled due to the
organisational problems with our room.
You:
studentsupport@multiculturalcourse.com

Nathan: What do you think about the contents and design of the course? about 50 words. You have 10 minutes.
You:
Nathan: How do you feel about the fact that no meetings are going to be held next
month?
You:
Now,write an email to the course's manager,showing your disagreement with the
situation and asking for solutions. Write about 120-150 words. You have 20 minutes.
WRITING UNIT 1
PART 1
PERFECT AU PAIR – REGISTRATION FORM

Juan Pérez
Username
03rd July 1990
Date of Birth (day month
year)
Londres Comentado [1]: London (tienes que escribir TODO en
inglés)
695377799
[Mobile number]
House: mark
Street: cable street

[Delivery address]
State: United Kingdom
PART 2
You have joined the ‘PERFECT AU PAIR’ service. Fill in the form with complete
MEMBER FORM
Please tell us about your own family and / or the people you live with.
At the moment, I live sharing a flat with two people from Malaga and a pet in Cadiz, but I
normally live with my parents and my brother in Cordoba.
PART 3
You are a member of PERFECT AU PAIR website and you are in the chat room. You are PART 4
talking to Jane, the mother of a family who is considering hosting you as their au pair.
Talk to Jane using complete sentences. Use 30 to 40 words per answer. You have 10 You are a member of the ‘PERFECT AU PAIR’ service. On your last visit to their website
minutes. you saw a private message from a host family.
Dear au pair,
Jane: Hi! I find your profile quite interesting. Why are you interested in working as an
au pair? I am sorry to inform you that we won’t be able to keep your £70/week salary due to
recent financial problems. For this reason we have found ourselves forced to reduce
You: Hello Jane it a 10%.
Nice to meet you! Because I would like to improve my level of English. I also find the experience of We feel so sorry about it and will appreciate your comprehension.
living in another country interesting. I think that working as an aupair is an easy and safe way to
have work and accommodation insured.
Kind regards,
Jane
Jane: Oh, I see! Have you had a look at our profile as a host family? Would you like to
work for us? Write an e-mail to friend who also uses the ‘PERFECT AU PAIR’ service. Write your
You: yes, I would, because I have been talking to a friend who was working with you and my friend about 50 words. You have 10 minutes.
told me that you are a very good person
Hello Sara,
What do you think about the decrease of 10% of my working salary? I can’t believe they are going
to lower my salary and work the same hours. If you ask me, the family should offer me fewer hours of
work if they plan to pay less. I just signing up and already a decrease of my salary.
Jane: I can only offer you a salary of £70 per week, but you won’t have food expenses. Juan
How do you feel about it?
You: I would love to earn 20 pounds more per week, because the standard price of living in this city
is very expensive, but for my first job it's fine.
WRITING UNIT 2
Now, write an email to the host family who sent you that private message, explaining Comentado [2]: Me gusta mucho cómo lo has esrito. ¡Sigue
así! :D
your feelings about the change and suggesting possible alternatives. Write about 120-
PART 1
Dear Sir or Madam Fill in the form (3 minutes)
I am writing in relation with the previous e-mail and I want to show you my disagreement about the HOTEL BOOKING ONLINE – REGISTRATION FORM
decrease of 10% of my working salary to take effect from next week. Juan Pérez
Username
03rd July 1990
I have been working with you for three weeks and I feel It is unacceptable to decrease my salary so Date of Birth (day month year)
soon after signing up. I think you should rethink the my salary decrease If I am not doing my job very Malaga
well.
623377709
[Mobile number]
I would like to suggest several alternatives:

1. First of all, personally I believe that If you have to decrease my salary, you should reduce my House: John
working hours. [Delivery address] Street: 23 4B Cable street

2. Secondly, If you do not want to reduce my working hours, I would love you to pay me monthly
State: Malaga
a transport card to be able to travel around the city.
I look forward to hearing back from you If my recommendation is acceptable if not, I will look at other PART 2
job offers. You have joined the ‘HOTEL BOOKING ONLINE’ service. Fill in the form with complete
Thank you for your attention.
MEMBER FORM
Yours faithfully. Please tell us about the place where you want to spend your holidays.
Juan
I would like to go on vacation with my girlfriend to the Canary Islands, especially to Papagayo beach
which is one of the best beaches in the world.
PART 3 PART 4
You are a member of HOTEL BOOKING ONLINE website and you are in the chat room. You are a member of the ‘HOTEL BOOKING ONLINE’ service. On your last visit to their
You are talking to Jack, a customer who is also looking for a hotel. Talk to Jack using website you saw the notice below.
Dear costumers,
We are sorry to inform you that from next month the service fee will go up by 20%.
Jack: Hi! I see you are new here. I joined a few days ago because I’m looking for a
We also have to change the time of the customer service: Now it will be only in the
suitable hotel in Cambridge. Why did you join?
mornings from 10am to 1pm.
We feel sorry for the troubles that this change may cause.
You: Hi Jack
Nice to meet you! I have joined here because I am interested in finding a cheap hotel Please feel free to email us at management@hotelbookingonline.com
near the beach in the Canary Islands so that I can go on vacation with my girlfriend
Write an e-mail to friend who also uses the ‘HOTEL BOOKING ONLINE’ service. Write
your feelings about the message you received and suggest possible alternatives. Write
Jack: What do you think about the service?
Hey Olga,
You: In my point of view, the service is very good as the hotel staff is very friendly and
What do you think about the fee increase at the service? I can’t believe they are
helps you with anything you need, but there is one thing that I don’t like: these are the increasing the fee and change the time of the customer service. If you ask me the
rooms. hotel should offer a discount if they plan to change the time of the customer service. Comentado [1]: ???
I just signed up and already a fee increase!Olga.
Jack: How do you feel about the recent rise in the price of the fee? It was 20% cheaper
a month ago.
You: I really feel annoyed because I do not have enough money to be able to go on
vacation with my friends. I will have to find other alternatives so that I can go on
vacation.
WRITING UNIT 3
PART 1
Now, write an email to the management, explaining your feelings about the change
minutes.
SUPER SPORTS & FITNESS CLUB – REGISTRATION FORM
Dear Sir or Madam,
Juan Pérez
Username
I am writing in relation to the previous e-mail and I want to show you my disagreement 03rd July 1990
about the service fee will go up by 20% to take effect from next month.
Malaga
I feel it is unacceptable to increase the service fee so soon after book. Also, I like
623377709
leaving the key of my room in reception at 9 and now it is not possible. I think you [Mobile number]
should rethink about the fee increase if you are withdrawing services.
1. Feel good about myself

1. First of all, personally I believe that if you have to increase the service fee, you [Reasons for practising sports]
should give me a discount on the reservation.
2. Be/keep healthy
2. Secondly, if you do not want to give me a discount on the reservation, I would
love to leave my car parked in the hotel parking free. 3. Enjoy
I look forward to hearing back from you. If my recommendation is acceptable, I will PART 2
look at other hotel offers.
You have joined the ‘SUPER SPORTS & FITNESS CLUB’ service. Fill in the form with
Yours faithfully. MEMBER FORM

Please tell us about your favourite sports and your sport habits.
Juan
My favourite sport is going to the gym because I can improve my health with it and it makes me
feel good. I go to the gym from Monday to Friday with my friend Jose Antonio.
PART 3 PART 4
You are a member of SUPER SPORTS & FITNESS CLUB website and you are in the chat You are a member of the ‘SUPER SPORTS & FITNESS CLUB’ service. On your last visit to
room. You are talking to John, an athlete who has also joined the club. Talk to John their website you saw the notice below.
using complete sentences. Use 30 to 40 words per answer. You have 10 minutes.
Dear members,
The trainings will be cancelled for two weeks because the personal trainer is on
John: Hi! I see you are new here. I joined a few days ago because practising sports is
holiday. Sorry for the inconvenience.
my favourite leisure activity and this centre offers a wide range of sports. Why did you
join? The Manager
You: Hi John, nice to meet you. I joined here because I am passionate about sport. Also, this
center opens every day and it is very cheap. I love to do sports every day of the week.
Write an e-mail to friend who also uses the ‘SUPER SPORTS & FITNESS CLUB’ service,
and wanted to start training with you. Write your feelings about the message you
received and suggest possible alternatives. Write about 50 words. You have 10
John: What do you think about the personal trainers? minutes.
You: A personal trainer is much more than a person who tells you what exercises to do and how to
Hi Olga,
do them. The coach gives you food tips, helps to lead a healthy lifestyle and motivates you day by day
to achieve your goals. What do you think about the cancellation of training at the super sport and fitness club? I can’t believe the
personal trainer goes away on holiday and we don’t have training. The personal trainer should offer a
discount if they plans to go on holiday. I just signed up and haven’t trained yet!
John: How do you feel about the fact that there are 40 people in Aquagym now? There
were only 15 when I started.
You: If I am the coach I feel very motivated but if I were a user I would feel very stressed because
there are too many people and I could not do the exercises well.
Now, write an email to the management, explaining your feelings about the change
minutes.
WRITING UNIT 4
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am writing in relation to the previous e-mail and I want to show you my disagreement about the PART 1
Fill in the form. You have 3 minutes.
holiday that our personal trainer is going to have.
I have been training with the personal trainer for two weeks and I feel It is unacceptable to be two ORDER MEALS ONLINE – REGISTRATION FORM
weeks without training. I also do not want to change my personal trainer because I like to train Juan Pérez
Username
with him. 3rd July1990
I would like to suggest several alternatives: Malaga

1. First of all,I believe that If my personal trainer goes on vacation, you would have to find 623377709
another personal trainer because I need to train. [Mobile number]
2. As a second alternative, you should give me a discount in the month as my personal

trainer goes on vacation. House: John
[Delivery address] Street: 221B Cable Street

I look forward to hearing back from you. If my recommendation is acceptable, I will look at other
personal trainer offers. State: Malaga

PART 2
Yours faithfully.
You’ve joined the ‘ORDER MEALS ONLINE’ site. Fill in the form. Write in
sentences
Juan using 20 – 30 words. You have 7 minutes.
MEMBER FORM
Please tell us about your favourite food and time when you prefer to have
your meals.
I don’t have a favourite food, but I like to eat healthy food such as vegetables, fish,
meat. I prefer to eat at 3 o'clock at 1 o'clock as the English do.
PART 3 PART 4
You are a member of MEALS DELIVERY ONLINE website and you are in the You are a member of ‘MEALS DELIVERY ONLINE’. On your last visit to their
website you
chat room.
saw the notice below.
Talk to Mike using complete sentences. Use 30 – 40 words per answer. You
have ten
minutes. Dear valued customers,
We are sorry to inform you that from next month we have to introduce
a fee for the meals’ delivery. It will constitute 10% of the meal order.
Mike: Hi! I see you’re new here. I joined a year ago after I started living We have to introduce this measure to reduce the high costs involved in
alone. Why did you join? delivering the meals.
If you have any comments or suggestions, please feel free

You: Hello Mike, nice to meet you, on the one hand, I joined here to meet other
to email us at customer.service@mealsonline.com.
types of food that exist in the world, on the other hand, I love ordering food online.
Mike: What do you think about the service? Write an email to a friend who also uses the MEALS DELIVERY ONLINE
service. Write your feelings about the notice and suggest possible
You: In my point of view, the service is very good, the restaurant staff are very alternatives. Write about 50 words. You have 10 minutes.
friendly and the service provides you with everything you need, but there is one
Hello Olga,
thing I don’t like: these are the dishes.
what do you think about the fee increase the meals delivery for the meals’ delivery? Comentado [1]: repetición
I can’t believe they are increasing the fee. If you ask me the food prices should be
cheaper if the price of the fee increase the meals delivery for the meals’ delivery. I
Mike: How do you feel about the recent rise in the price of pizzas? It was had in mind next month and already a fee increase!
20% cheaper before.
Juan
You: I really feel annoyed because I often went to eat pizza with my friends on
Saturdays but now with the price increase of the pizza we will be able to go only at
once a month.
Now write an email to the Customer Service Team, explaining your
feelings about the notice and suggesting possible alternatives. Write 120-
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am writing in relation with the previous e-mail and I want to show you
my disagreement about the increase of 10% of a fee for the meals order
to take effect from next week.
I feel It is unacceptable the increase of 10% of a fee for the meals order. I
think you should rethink the fee increase if you are withdrawing services. Comentado [2]: evítalo, lo repites demasiado

1. First of all, I believe that If there is an increase of a fee for the
meals order, you should have some offers in the menus.
2. As a second alternative, it would be very interesting for
customers to give away some starters or bottle of wine
I look to forward hearing back from you If my recommendation are

acceptable if not, I will look at other restaurants offers.
Yours faithfully.
Juan
PART 3
WRITING UNIT 5
You are a client of HOME4YOU and you are in the chat room. You are talking to
John, the manager who is going to help you find the house of your dreams. Talk to
PART l John using complete sentences. Use 30 to 40 words per answer. You have 10
minutes.
REGISTRATION FORM John: Hello! I read you are looking for a 4 bedroomed house. Why do you need such
Username
Juan Pérez a big house?
03rd July 1990 You:
City 1 Town 1 Village Hello John, nice to meet you.
Malaga
We need a big house because we are a big family. We have twins and a girl and we want
[Mobile number]
623377029 a room for each one. on That way we'll be more comfortable.
House: John
[Address] Street: cable street

John: Oh, I see! Do you prefer living in the city or the country-side? Why?
State: Malaga
You:
I prefer to live in the country-side than in the city because in the city there is a lot of
PART 2
noisy and pollution. However, in the country-side you live more quietly. I love to live
You have registered in a Estate Agency 'HOME YOU' . Fill in the form with complete in the country-side.
CLIENT FORM
Please tell us about the house of your dreams and who you want to share it with. John: How much money do you want to invest? What would be your ideal house?
You:
I would really love to have an apartment in Malaga very close to the beach. I I would really love to invest a lot of money because I would like to have the biggest
would share it with my girlfriends and my parents. house in the world. Also, I like having a huge bed in my bedroom. I wish I could invest.
PART 4 Write about 120-150 words. You have 20 minutes.
You are a client of 'HOUSE4YOU'. Dear Sir or Madam,
I am writing in relation with the previous e-mail and I want to show you my
You have rented a flat in Palma with your friend from Barcelona because you are ar
going to start at University. You contacted with an estate agency to find the bes best disagreement about the flat that was rented is no longer available.
flat. But now, only a few days before moving into your new flat they have called yo you
saying that the flat is no longer available and you will have to search for another one
on
I already paid the first month three weeks ago and I feel It is unacceptable the flat is
no longer available so soon after signing up. I think you should look again if the flat is
available because I had already found more flatmates.
Write an e-mail to your friend explaining what has happened. Write your feelings
about the message you received and suggest possible alternatives. Write about I would like to suggest several alternatives:
1. First of all, I believe that If the flat is no longer available, you should give me
back the first month which I paid you.
Hello Olga,
What do you think about the flat that was rented is no longer available? I can’t 2. Secondly, If you should give me back the first month which I paid you, I would
believe it. If you ask me, the estate agency should offer me another flat if this one no love you to pay me other flat that I will find.
longer available. I had paid the first month of rent and now I have to find another
accommodation.
I look forward to hearing back from you If my recommendation is acceptable if not, I
will look at other flat offers.
Yours faithfully,
Juan
Now, write an email to the estate agency's manager showing your disagreement
with the situation and asking for solutions and compensations. (120-150 words)
WRITING UNIT 6 You are a new student in the ‘Conversational German Course’ and you are in the chat
room. You are talking to Heather, an old student in this course. Talk to her using
PART 1
Heather: Hello! Are you a new student? I started three months ago because I want to
go to work in Germany. Why are you studying German?
CONVERSATIONAL GERMAN COURSE - REGISTRATION FORM
Juan Antonio Morales You: Hello Heather. Nice to meet you. I have decided to learn Germany because I need
Username
03rd July 1990 to get the certificate to get into university. However, I don’t really like learning this
language. I would prefer study English. Comentado [2]: to study English
Malaga
Spanish
[First language]
Heather: What do you think about the course?

1. I like it.
You: On the one hand, I believe that the course is too well because the teacher
[Reasons for studying German]
2. I need it for my job. teaches very well and we are three people in the class but on the other hand I think
3. Interesting. teacher isn’t natives. Comentado [3]: the teacher isn't native
PART 2
You have enrolled in the ‘Conversational German Course’. Fill in the form with
Heather: How do you feel about the fact that none of our teachers is native?
You: I would feel happy because the teacher who isn’t native can explain me the
NEW STUDENT FORM things I don’t understand in Spanish. However, I would like have a native teacher too. Comentado [4]: to have
Please tell us the days and times you can come, as well as topics you would like to It would be the perfect combination and I would feel very happy.
discuss.
Hello, my name is Juan. I would like to have classes on Wednesdays and Fridays in the
PART 4
morning from 9 to 11 am and Thursdays for the disccuss. Comentado [1]: discussion
You are studying German in the ‘Conversational German Course’. After your last lesson
PART 3 you saw the notice below:
Dear students, I am writing in relation with the previous e-mail and I want to show you my
disagreement about the change the time of the course class that I am doing in German
We are sorry to inform you that from next week we need to change the time of the to take effect from next week.
lessons: now they will be held every Thursday and Friday from 15.00 to 18.00.
I have been studying with you for two weeks and I feel It is unacceptable change the
If you have any comments or suggestions, please feel free to email us at time of the lessons so soon after signing up.
studentsupport@german.com I would like to suggest several alternatives:

1. First of all, I believe that If you have to change the time of the lessons, you
should give me a discount on my next bill.
2. Secondly, If you do not want to give me a discount on my next bill, you would Comentado [8]: could/should
Write an e-mail to a fellow-student explaining what has happened. Write your feelings Comentado [9]: a free class one day
offer one day a week free class.
I look to forward hearing back from you If my recommendation are acceptable if not, I Comentado [10]: loook forward to
will look at other German course offers. Comentado [11]: is
Hello Sara,
What do you think about the change the time of the course class that I am doing in
German?? I can’t believe they are going to change the time of the lessons every Yours faithfully.
Thursday and Friday. If you ask me, they should offer me more hours of course if they Comentado [5]: ???
plan to change the time of the lessons. I just signing up and already a change the time Comentado [6]: I've just signed Juan
of the lesson. Comentado [7]: in order to
Now, write an email to the language school management, showing your disagreement
with the situation and asking for solutions and compensations. Write about 120-150
Dear Sir or Madam

WRITING UNIT 7
PART 3
PART 1 You are a new member in the ‘Environmental Forum’ and you are in the chat room.
You are talking to Nathan, an old member in this forum. Talk to him using complete
Fill in the form (3 minutes) sentences. Use 30 to 40 words per answer. You have 10 minutes.
ENVIRONMENTAL FORUM - REGISTRATION FORM

Juan Antonio Morales Nathan: Hello! Are you a new member? I joined this forum three months ago because
Username
I was interested in learning and sharing new ways of being eco-friendly. Why did you
03rd July 1990 join?
Malaga You: Hello Nathan,
1. Recycle Nice to meet you! I have joined here because I’m interested in sharing new ways of
recycling some materials and objects from my house and who to re-use that doing
[Ways of protecting the
environment] 2. Reduce other things like pencils. Comentado [1]: no tiene mucha coherencia. Evita
frases tan largas porque te pierdes
3. Reuse
PART 2
Nathan: What do you think about the structure and organization of the forum?
You are a member of ‘the Environmental Forum’. Fill in the form with complete
sentences. Use 20-30 words. You have 7 minutes. You: I think that the organization is good although I would have most contact with
members and would answer faster to the emails that we send to them too. However,
NEW MEMBER FORM the structure is nice but is very slow in charge the recycling videos. Comentado [2]: ??????
Please, introduce yourself and explain the ways in which you contribute to protect the
environment.
Nathan: How do you feel about the fact that no meetings are going to be held this
month?
Hello, my name is Juan Antonio and I’m 25 years old. I protect the environment by You: This month I’m going to be very occupied, so I don’t care but the next month I Comentado [3]: busy
recycling, reducing and re-using because I use the three R’s rule. would have two meetings, one the beginning and another one the end to give us the Comentado [4]: will
information Comentado [5]: at the beginning

Comentado [6]: at the end
PART 4
Now,write an email to the forum's staff,showing your disagreement with the situation and
You are a member of ‘the Environmental Forum’. After your last visit to the webpage asking for solutions. Write about 120-150 words. You have 20 minutes.
you saw the notice below: Dear Sir or Madam,
I am writing in relation with the previous e-mail and I want to show you my disagreement about the
Dear members,
cancelled meetings to take effect from next months
We are sorry to inform you that next month’s meeting has been cancelled due to the I signed up for the forum three weeks ago and I feel it is unacceptable to meeting has been Comentado [7]: that
cancelled so soon after signing up.
indisposition of our staff.
I would like to suggest two alternatives:
If you have any comments or suggestions, please feel free to email us at 1. The first alternative is that I disagree because I have joined here because you offered us
meetings every month but it is not true. Comentado [8]: this is not an alternative
studentsupport@environmentalforum.com 2. The second alternative is that may I suggest possible alternatives like doing online meeting or
two meetings in April.
In addition, I would like to have further information about when the next meetings will be held.
feelings about the message you received and suggest possible alternatives. Write I look to forward hearing back from you if my recommendations are acceptable if not, I will look at Comentado [9]: forward to
about 50 words. You have 10 minutes. other Environmental Forum offers.

Hi Cristina, Yours faithfully,
that
I’m really brassed off about the Environmental Forum. I have just received an email which says tha
next month’s meeting has been cancelled too. Then, I don’t know when we’ll have it. We might Juan
suggest that they do realize the meetings in April or online. What do you think about this proposal?
Juan
WRITING UNIT 8
PART 1 PART 3
You are a new member in the ‘Multicultural Course’ and you are in the chat room. You
are talking to Nick, an old member in this course. Talk to him using complete
sentences. Use 30 to 40 words per answer. You have 10 minutes.
MULTICULTURAL COURSE - REGISTRATION FORM
Juan Perez
Username
03rd July 1990 Nathan: Hello! Are you a new member? I joined this course a few weeks ago because I
Date of Birth (day month year) was interested in meeting new people from other cultures. Why did you join?
Malaga
You: Hello Nathan, nice to meet you! I have joined here because I would like to know how is the
1. culture culture of other countries and know a little more about them. I love learning this because I like.
[Reasons to learn about 2. believes

traditions from other countries]
3. ethics
PART 2
You have enrolled a ‘Multicultural Course’, where you will learn new things about Nathan: What do you think about the contents and design of the course?
other cultures as well as meet new people from many parts of the world. Fill in the
form with complete sentences. Use 20-30 words. You have 7 minutes. You: I think that the contents are good although there should be more specific content. However, the
design of the course is nice but from my point of view it could be improved a little more.
NEW MEMBER FORM
Please, introduce yourself and explain why you are interested in learning about new
cultures.
Hello, my name is Juan Antonio. I’m twenty-five years old. Because it’s interesting to learn about those who
Nathan: How do you feel about the fact that no meetings are going to be held next
are different from you. It’s interesting to know about other cultures.
month?
You:
This month I’m going to be very occupied, so I don’t care but the next month I would have two meetings, one
the beginning and another one the end to give us the information
Now,write an email to the course's manager,showing your disagreement with the
PART 4 situation and asking for solutions. Write about 120-150 words. You have 20 minutes.
You are a member of ‘Multicultural Course’. After your last visit to the webpage Dear Sir or Madam,
you saw the notice below:
I am writing in relation with the previous e-mail and I want to show you my disagreement about the
cancelled meetings to take effect from next months.
Dear members,
I signed up for the course three weeks ago and I feel it is unacceptable to meeting has been
We are sorry to inform you that next month’s meeting has been cancelled due to the cancelled so soon after signing up.
organisational problems with our room.
I would like to suggest two alternatives:
1. The first alternative is that I disagree because I have joined here because you offer us meetings
If you have any comments or suggestions, please feel free to email us every month but it is not true.
at studentsupport@multiculturalcourse.com 2. The second alternative is that may I suggest possible alternatives like doing online meeting or
two meeting in April.
In addition, I would like to have further information about when the next meetings will be held.
feelings about the message you received and suggest possible alternatives. I look forward to hearing back from you if my recommendations is acceptable if not, I will look at
Write about 50 words. You have 10 minutes. other course offers.

Hi Cristina, Yours faithfully,
I’m really brassed off about the Multicultural Course. I have just received an email which says that next
month’s meeting has been cancelled too. Then, I don’t know when we’ll have it. We might suggest that they Juan.
do realize the meetings in April or online. What do you think about this proposal?
Juan

Temario Aptis Online

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

You might also like

Temario Aptis Online

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Temario Aptis Online

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

APTIS TRAINING MATERIAL APTIS TRAINING MATERIAL

Mock Speaking Test – 12 minutes maximum

x Please tell me about your first school. (BEEP)

Level: A1 – C1 x Tell me about a time when you laughed a lot. (BEEP )

Look at the photograph. (10 seconds to look)

x Tell me about a time when you got lost.

You now have 2 minutes to answer all 3 questions. (BEEP)

That’s the end of the speaking test, thank you.

neighbours to 5)________ a bit of money, but he needs a real job.

Mock Test EXAMPLE 0 A school B home C me

(text adapted from

G Tasty for all the family

Aptis Practice Materials

you come back to the hospital again.

EXAMPLE 0 A ambulance B machine C accident

ORDER MEALS ONLINE – REGISTRATION FORM

Date of Birth (day month year)

Day Month (write in full) Year

NEW STUDENT FORM You._________________________________________________________________________

7. This meeting is not obligatory. You _______________ attend.

8. This dish is really spicy. It __________ have chilli in it.

(-) means no auxiliary verb 9. A: ‘I wouldn’t like to be famous.’

3. He has paid for the tickets, _________ he?

17. The kitchen _______ ____ bigger if we painted it white.

b) won’t work c) have saved

9. His not as _______ as he thinks he is.

3. Her brother is about 25 and she is a year younger than ___________.

4. Are you afraid of __________? 2. Do you like _____ music?

7. What ______ beautiful day!

10. We have ___________ work.

2. He used to be a lonely kid. He had ___________ friends.

4. We haven’t seen each other _______ we left school.

2. His English is very good. He _____________ lessons since he was five.

COUNTABLE, UNCOUNTABLE AND PLURAL NOUNS

1. The accommodation ___________ satisfactory.

2. The news ______ brought to you by CNN.

3. My friend’s got lovely _________ in her house.

4. I can always count on my friend to give me a useful

5. ________ has arrested two suspects.

6. Teachers are not allowed to wear ________ to work.

7. Your glasses _______ dirty. Can you see anything?

8. The ____________ very difficult last night.

9. Athletics _____ my favourite sport.

Task 3 Aptis Vocabulary 3

11. beneficial A. destroy Task 1

21. provide A. issues

5. If it weren’t ____ the quick arrival of the

Task 4 READING MOCK TEST 1

20. register _____ TASK4

19)F 20)E 21)H 22)B 23)C

24. harsh _____ TASK 3

19)F 20)E 21)D 22)H 23)B 24)A 25)C

MODAL VERBS 1) A 2) C 3) C 4) C 5) C 6) B 7) C 8) B 9) C 10) C

1) A 2) A 3) A 4) A 5) C 6) C 7) B 8) A 9) C 10) A 11) A 12) A GERUND AND INFINITIVE

USED TO AND WOULD

COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE

-ING AND –ED ADJECTIVES

A Complete Guide To The 1. Please tell me about your family

17. The kitchen ___ bigger if we painted it white.

4. Are you afraid of ______? 2. Do you like _ music?

I think is fun_, because_.

% #! !

' '

"

63

# "

5 7

<

& "

$ ! !! -

5 9 7 5 97

? EEEEEE/ +

I 7 %#

'

5 1 <