Well Test Analysis (PETE 4225)

Midterm Examination (Open Notes)

Date: Thursday, October 15th, 2020
Duration: 2 hours (3:00 PM - 5:00 PM)

NOTE: Show all steps towards the solution unless instructed otherwise. Final answer
without evidence of solution will not receive credit.

Problem 1 (20 Points)

A recently completed oil well located 250 ft from a sealing fault has produced at 50 STBD for 6
hours followed by 30 STBD for 4 hours as shown in the following rate versus time schedule. Use
the information provided in the following to estimate the well bore pressure, pwf.
Initial reservoir pressure = 3000 psia,
Estimated distance to fault from geological interpretations = 250 ft,

Q (STBD)
Total compressibility = 710-6 psi-1 ,
Oil viscosity = 2 cp, 50
External radius = 5000 ft,
Oil formation volume factor = 1.2 bbl/STB, 30
Wellbore radius = 0.3 ft,
Reservoir permeability = 300 mD, 6 10
250 ft
Formation thickness = 50 ft,
Time (hr)
Formation porosity = 0.15,
Skin factor =1.

Solution:
0.0002637k 0.0002637300
   37671 ft 2 / hr
ct 0.152 7  10
6

t 37671 10
t Dw  2
 2
 4.19  106 > 100 for LSA is valid.
r
w 0.3
Infinite acting condition:
re2 /4> 10 hours
re2

5000 
2
 166 days > 10, Infinite condition is valid.
4 4  37671
For this problem we have 4 pressure drops:
ΔP1 (q=50, t=10, d=rw, S=1),
ΔP2 (q=50, t=10, d=2250)
ΔP3 (q=-20, t=4, d=rw, S=1)
ΔP2 (q=-20, t=4, d=2250)
Page 1 of 8 Well Test Analysis (PETE 4225) Fall 2020 M. Dejam
 t 37671 10
t D1  2
  4185666.7  pD1  0.5ln t D  0.809  8.03
rw 0.32
t 37671  10
tD 2  2  1.51  pD 2  0.689
r 500 2

t 37671 4
tD3  2
  1674266.7  pD3  0.5ln t D3  0.809  7.57
rw 0.32
t 37671  4
tD 4  2
  0.603  pD 4  0.339
r 500 2

Bo
pr , t   pi  q1  pD1  S   q2 pD 2  q3  pD3  S   q4 pD 4 
0.00708kh
2  1.2
 3000  50  8.03  1  50  0.689   20  7.57  1   200.339
0.00708  300  50
 2993 psia

Page 2 of 8 Well Test Analysis (PETE 4225) Fall 2020 M. Dejam

Problem 2 (30 Points)
Estimate approximate end of wellbore storage, formation permeability, skin factor, and initial
reservoir pressure from a buildup test data given the following formation and fluid properties:

Flow rate = 800 STBD,

Production time = 140 hours,
Flowing wellbore pressure = 400 psia,
Formation thickness = 50 ft,
Porosity = 15 %,
Wellbore radius = 0.3 ft,
Formation volume factor = l.12 bbl/STB,
Total compressibility = 5.8 10-6 psi-1 ,
Oil viscosity = 0.9 cp.

Solution:

Log-log plot shows EWBS to be around 0.3 hour after the test has begun.

10000

1000
End of wellbore storage
100
∆P (psia)

10

1
0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100
Dt (hours)

From the Horner plot we have:

162 .6qBo 162 .6qBo 162 .6800 0.9 1.12 
m  250  k    10 .45 mD
kh hm 50 250 

Page 3 of 8 Well Test Analysis (PETE 4225) Fall 2020 M. Dejam

  p1hr   p wf Dt  0   k  
S  1.151  log  
2 
 3 . 23 
  
 m  crw  
 t p  Dt  140  1
    141  p1hr   3150 psia
 Dt  1
We have pwf Dt  0  400 psia
 3150  400  10 .45  
S  1.151  log  6 2 
 3.23   6.97
 250  0.15  0.9  5.8  10  0.3  

4000
pi=3700 psia
3500 m = -250 psi/cycle

3000 p1hr= 3150 psia

Pressure (psia)

2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000 10000000

(tp+Dt)/Dt

Page 4 of 8 Well Test Analysis (PETE 4225) Fall 2020 M. Dejam

Problem 3 (25 Points)

Geological interpretations of a fellow geologist revealed a fault near an oil production well. A
pressure build up test was conducted to confirm the existence of a sealing fault near the well. A
total of 13100 STB of oil had been produced before shut-in. Use the following information and
assume no wellbore storage to determine the formation permeability and distance from the well
to the fault.
qo = 1200 STB/day
h = 15 ft, ∆t (hr) pws (psi)
Bo = 1.22 bbl/STB, 0 2500
 = 0.14, 4 4160
ct = 1210-6 psi-1 , 6 4242
o = 1.1 cp, 8 4300
rw = 0.4 ft. 12 4390
16 4490
20 4580
Solution: 24 4650

∆t (hr) pws (psi)

Horner time ratio
4 4160 66.5
6 4242 44.7
8 4300 33.8
12 4390 22.8
16 4490 17.4
20 4580 14.1
24 4650 11.9

tp 
24 N p

24 13100   262 hr
qo 1200

162.6qo  Bo 162.6 1200 1.11.22

k   40 md
mh  44015
t p  Dt x 262  Dt x
25    Dt x  10 .92 hr
Dt x Dt x

0.000148 kDt x 0.000148 40 10 .92 

L   187 ft
o ct 
0.14 1.1 12 10 6 

Page 5 of 8 Well Test Analysis (PETE 4225) Fall 2020 M. Dejam

 5000

4750
slope=880 psi/cycle

4500
pw s (psi)

4250 m=440 psi/cycle

4000

3750

(∆tx+tp)/∆tx=25∆tx=10.92 hr
3500
10 100
(∆t+tp)/∆t

Page 6 of 8 Well Test Analysis (PETE 4225) Fall 2020 M. Dejam

Problem 4 (25 Points)

A gas well was tested using a three-point conventional deliverability test with an initial average
reservoir pressure of 1950 psi. Use the graphical method to determine the exponent n, the
performance coefficient C, and the absolute open flow potential (AOF) of the gas well.
pwf(psia) Rate (MMSCFD)
1950 0
1700 2.52
1500 4.05
1300 5.32
Solution:
pwf(psia) Rate (MMSCFD) (pav2 -pwf2 ) MM psia2
1950 0 0
1700 2.52 0.9125
1500 4.05 1.5525
1300 5.32 2.1125

2
A log-log plot of (pav 2 -pwf2 ) versus flow rate flow Q  C ( p R  pwf
2 n
) :
10

2 2 2
[pav -14.7 ]/1E6=3.8 MMpsia
pav2-pw f2 (MMpsi2)

Slope=1.123=1/n

C=2.73 MMSCFD (MMpsia2) -n

AOF=8.98 MMSCFD
0.1
1 10
Q (MMSCFD)

Page 7 of 8 Well Test Analysis (PETE 4225) Fall 2020 M. Dejam

 log( Q1 / Q2 ) log( 5.32 / 2.52 )
n   0.89
 p2  p2  log 2.1125/0.9 125 
log  2R
wf 1 
 p  p2 
 R wf 2 

Q 5.32
C   2.73 MMSCFD (MM psia 2 )  n
 p 2  p 2 
n
2.1125 0.89
 R wf

2
The coefficient C can also be obtained from x-axis of the plot when ( p R  pwf
2
)  1.

Note that the magnitude of C depends on the units of q and (pav 2 -pwf2 ) and the units used should
be written down
2
Q  C ( p R  pwf
2 n

)  AOF  2.73 19502  14.72 100000  0.89
 8.98 MMSCFD

Page 8 of 8 Well Test Analysis (PETE 4225) Fall 2020 M. Dejam