A.

MULTIPLE CHOICE (40 PTS)

I. GRAMMAR AND STRUCTURES (5PTS): Choose the best options to complete the
following
sentences.
1. -"Shall I call Eddie at home?" - "I think he ______ now."
A. will be working B. is going to work C. is to work D. will work
2. Sue ______ from a severe bout of flu at the time.
A. recovered B. used to recover C. would recover D. was recovering
3. -"What lie did Liz tell you this time?" - "She claimed ______ before she was two."
A. that she could write B. to writing C. about writing D. that she would write
4. - " ______ you were ill, we wouldn't have come." -"Don't be silly! I always enjoy your
company."
A. Were we to know B. Had we known C. Had we to know D. Should we have known
5. The committee asked that not only candidates but also the invigilator ______ a mask in
the exam room.
A. would wear B. to be wearing C. wear D. had been wearing
6. -"You're looking tired." -"I'm exhausted. I wish my neighbours ______ loud music when I'm
trying to sleep."
A. haven't played B. wouldn't play C. won't play D. hadn't played
7. -"Where've you been Mary?" -"Well, my tutor______ some research into post graduate
studies."
A. made me to do B. had me to do C. got me to do D. put me do 8. The Browns haven't
arrived as yet. They______ their bus.
A. are likely missing B. have likely been missing
C. are likely to have missed D. likely are missing 9. I'd sooner you ______ the deal in writing
by the end of next week.
A. confirmed B. have confirmed C. will confirm D. confirm 10. Shall we get ______? It's
getting late.
A. to go B. go C. going D. gone
II. PHRASAL VERBS AND PREPOSITIONS (5 PTS) Choose the best options to complete
the following sentences.
11. His new song caught ______ right away and entered the top ten the week after its
release.
A. on B. up C. off 12. I'm really thirsty. I could do ______ a cup of tea.
A. for B. at C. on
13. To avoid an argument, she fell ______ her husband's plans.
A. in for B. in with C. out of 14. I only get ______ watching TV when the children are in bed.
A. out of B. off with C. round to
15. They offered to buy her a BMW but she's holding ______ a Porsche.
A. out for B. out on C. back with 16. If we keep ______ the plan exactly, we're certain to
succeed.
A. up B. on C. to
17. When they heard the fire alarm, the audience made ______ the exit.
A. into B. up C. over 18. The lecturer had difficulty in putting ______ his ideas.
A. across B. forward C. on
19. Jane was so determined to become a model that her parents couldn't talk her ______ it.
A. down to B. round about C. out of D. away from 20. I'm trying to work ______ how this
device was put together.
A. on B. with C. for D. out
D. over
D. with
D. away from D. on with
D. up with
D. with
D. for
D. through
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III. VOCABULARY (10 PTS): Choose the best options to complete the following sentences.
21. Fighting among rebel soldiers ______ last night and a curfew has now been imposed on
the city.
A. enhanced B. aggravated C. heightened
22. Mrs. Hurston was in deep______ after her husband's unexpected death.
A. regret B. grief C. lament 23. She ______ her finger on a sharp rose thorn.
D. intensified D. disturbance D. pricked
A. stung B. bit C. stabbed
24. Numerous ______ have prevented us from going to the lakeside again this year.
A. inhibitions B. deterrents C. impairments D. adversities 25. This city has four million
______.
A. residents B. occupants C. inhabitants D. settlers
26. The new situation has ______ a lot of anger and dissatisfaction. Our duty now is to
encounter it in the most sensible way.
A. devised B. struck C. originated D. provoked 27. The sergeant was furious because he
hadn't been ______ of the manoeuvres.
A. notified B. announced C. referred D. communicated 28. I ______ the notice-board quickly,
looking for secondhand cars for sale.
A. scanned B. peered at C. scrutinised D. inspected
29. The ______ boards in the staircase would always wake us up whenever somebody
climbed up at night.
A. screeching B. cracking C. roaring D. creaking
30. I was rather at a ______ in the beginning because I was the only person of different
origin.
A. displeasure B. discomfort C. disadvantage D. disinterest 31. The optician says you have
to wear glasses, like it or ______ it.
A. jump B. lump C. dislike D. loathe
32. Getting everything ready by tomorrow ______ working at night. I'm afraid nobody will
agree to stay after hours.
A. obliges B. implements C. entails D. indicates 33. You may think I am an old man, but I
can assure you I am still ______ strong.
A. doing B. running C. making D. going 34. This year's series of open-air plays ______ with
a performance of "Electra".
A. stems B. originates C. derives D. commences 35. The ______ of the project has been
suspended because of the inadequate financing.
A. implementation B. establishment C. installation D. exploration
36. Your daughter may not do her best at mathematics or chemistry, but she definitely
______ at English literature.
A. improves B. accomplishes C. excels D. masters 37. Somebody as conceited as Ron
needs bringing down a ______ or two.
A. step B. notch C. peg D. rung
38. It required a harsh reprimand to ______ Joshua from leaving the camp at night again.
A. detain B. defy C. deter D. deprive
39. Mrs. Jackson was on the point of going out of her apartment when she was ______ short
by a phone call from her husband.
A. caught B. halted C. brought D. stopped 40. Due to inflation, my savings have ______
gradually to practically nothing.
A. shrank B. dwindled C. reduced D. diminished
IV. GUIDED CLOZE (10 PTS): Read the texts below and decide which answer best fits each
space.
Passage A
What is the (41) ______ between an argument and a quarrel? Look the word "quarrel" up in
a dictionary and you will find it defined as an "angry argument". It seems that "angry" is the
key word here. Both quarrelling and arguing involve disagreements but it is only during the
former that we become angry or upset. We may raise our voices or even display aggressive
behaviour when quarrelling, (42) ______ in an argument, we maintain a (43) ______ tone of
voice and refrain from physically threatening our opponent. An argument is a discussion or
debate in which two or more people put forward different
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or opposing views. They may not be personally concerned in the issues under discussion.
(44) ______, the process is an objective, intellectual one. Evidence and (45) ______ may be
used in order to support the speaker's point of view and possibly to convince the other(s). A
quarrel, however, is personal, bound up with the ego and the participants' sense of self. For
instance, things that the opponent may have said or done in the past are often dragged (46)
______ at random as and when they occur to the speaker, in (47) ______ the logical
marshalling of ideas which arguing involves. A quarrel may result from a (48) ______ of
personalities, may hurt the participants and may be sincerely regretted afterwards. Given
that there are hot-tempered people around, they may get carried away in an argument so
that it degenerates (49) ______ quarrel, but it should, generally speaking, be a
dispassionate exchange of views (50) ______ a shouting match.
41. A. differential
42. A. nevertheless
43. A. steady
44. A. Largely
45. A. logic
46. A.on
47. A. comparison with
48. A. clash
49. A. down to
50. A. better than
Passage B
B. divergence B. when
B. level
B. Admittedly B. reason
B. up
B. tandem with B. juxtaposition B.upto
B. other than
C. discrepancy C. whereas
C. plain
C. Particularly C. ration
C. back
C. opposition to C. conflict
C. into
C. more than
D. otherness
D. however
D. monotonous D. Consequently D. sensibility
D. forth
D. contradiction D. paradox
D. onto
D. rather than
Prime numbers have been well known to mathematicians for (51) ______ considerable
time, in fact since Eratosthenes discovered the principle in the third century BCE. These are
numbers which can only be divided by one and by themselves, such as three and five, and
are important (52) ______ they are the components of integers – (53) ______ numbers.
Recently, there has been a breakthrough in understanding these unusual (54) ______.
This advance concerns the Twin Prime Conjecture – an idea that there are an infinite
number of prime number pairs which are separated from each other by only two numbers,
for example 11 and 13; 17 and 19; 29 and 31; 41 and 43; 59 and 61. It seems that prime
numbers (55) ______ in this pattern with surprising frequency, (56) ______ with smaller
numbers. As the numbers get larger, however, the (57) ______ also increases dramatically.
This has led to the question of whether there may (58) ______ be a ceiling to how many twin
primes can be discovered.
With a new technique for identifying smaller than average gaps between primes, researchers
believe they are closer to solving this riddle. They hope that this will enable them not only to
identify the frequency and location of an indefinite number of twin primes, but may also shed
light on another (59)______, the Riemann Hypothesis, which concerns an infinite sum of
numbers known as the Zeta function, and (60) ______ there is currently a tantalizing bait of
one million dollars.
51. A. such
52. A. in that
53. A. round
54. A. figures
55. A. happen
56. A. definitely 57. A. intervention 58. A. in fact
59. A. mystification 60. A. why
B. certain
B. now that B. undivided B. indexes
B. materialize B. particularly B. interval
B. instead
B. eccentricity B. where
C. the
C. much as
C. whole
C. sequences C. occur
C. specially
C. interpolation C. as shown
C. chimera
C. in which
D. some
D. just as
D. cardinal
D. series
D. emerge
D. namely
D. interference D. by the way D. enigma
D. for which
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V. READING COMPREHENSION (10 PTS): Read the texts below and choose the best
answer to each question.
Passage A
Nearsightedness, or myopia, results when the eye becomes too long from front to back.
Ordinarily,
light passes through the corneal lens and focuses images on the rear portion of the eye,
known as the retina. The myopic eye is so long that the images focus in front of the retina,
making objects at a distance blurry. In the farsighted or hyperopic eye, the eye is short;
images focus behind the retina, causing nearby objects to blur.
Animal and human babies usually begin life slightly hyperopic. As they grow, their eyes
lengthen until all images fall perfectly on the retina, a process called emmetropization. By the
first grade, nearly all children have perfect vision. Researchers do not know what
mechanisms spur the eye to grow to a length that matches flawlessly the eye's optics.
It takes work to see at varying distances, even when vision is "perfect." Reading, for
instance, requires tiny muscles in the eye to accommodate for the short focus by making the
lens rounder. When images do not fall in focus on the retina, whether as the result of myopia
or hyperopia, corrective lenses can be recruited to do the work.
Increasingly, people in developed countries have come to rely on corrective lenses.
Sometime between starting school with perfect vision and beginning high school, up to 50
percent of kids in the United States become myopic. In places like Taiwan and Hong Kong,
where kids typically study 10 to 12 hours per day, 70 percent of older students need to
squint to see the blackboard.
61. The condition called myopia develops when ______.
A. the distance between the corneal lens and the retina is increased B. the lens of the eye
can no longer focus
C. light is unable to pass through the corneal lens
D. light focuses on the retina
62. The process called emmetropization ______.
A. eventually produces myopia in first graders
B. produces blurry images on the retina
C. corrects the initial condition of hyperopia most newborn babies have D. corrects the
myopia that most newborn babies have
63. The mechanisms behind the process of emmetropization ______.
A. are perfectly understood B. remain a mystery
C. have been fully explained D. have never concerned researchers
64. A corrective lens is used to ensure that ______.
A. images fall in focus on the retina B. the corneal lens becomes rounder C. distances do not
vary D. tiny muscles in the eye work
65. Indications are that myopia among high school students______. A. depends on climatic
and geographical differences
B. is on the decline in developed countries
C. results from squinting in the classroom
D. results from an increased reading load
Passage B
The Hutterites call themselves the human version of a bee colony. Members of this Christian
sect, who
first settled in the United States in the 19th century, shun personal gain and pour their efforts
into a well- oiled collective enterprise.
Hutterite ideology stresses the shared fate of the group and warns against the sin of
selfishness. Anyone who withholds help from others in need, turns lazy, or otherwise
undermines community health draws stern reprimands from church elders. Failure to heed
these warnings results in forced exile.
Hutterite leaders are elected democratically and undergo a long probationary period before
acquiring full power. When a colony grows too large – which is not uncommon, as the
Hutterites have long experienced high birth rates – it sorts into two groups of equal size, skill,
and compatibility. A lottery determines which group stays and which moves to a new
location.
Such practices sound downright strange to the average suburbanite or city dweller. Indeed,
end-of- the-millennium Western societies seem to spawn far more self-absorption than
sacrifice for any “greater good.”
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But the bee like tactics of Hutterite colonies highlight an evolved human capacity for thinking
in groups and advancing group interests, even at the expense of personal strivings, asserts
David Sloan Wilson, an evolutionary biologist at the State University of New York at
Binghamton.
“Groups can be functional units in their own right, and individuals sometimes behave more
like organs than like organism,” Wilson contends. “As a result, altruism is a common feature
of both human and biological nature.”
66. Hutterites are characterized by their ______.
A. pride B. greed C. selflessness D. individualism
67. A Hutterite who displays laziness and ignores warnings to reform ______. A. is made to
leave the group B. turns selfish
C. reprimands church elders D. shares the fate of the group
68. Which of the following does NOT apply to Hutterite leaders?
A. They have to elect deputies. B. They have to prove themselves worthy.
C. They are chosen by the group. D. They do not automatically assume full power.
69. What accounts for the division of many Hutterite colonies? A. The skills of their members
become unequal.
B. The members are unable to live together peacefully.
C. Too many immigrants join the colony.
D. New births within the colonies swell their population. 70. Wilson maintains that Hutterite
practices ______.
A. mirror the average contemporary Western society.
B. reflect how strong an effect altruism can have on our actions. C. prove that personal
striving is an overwhelming force.
D. have a high capacity for self-absorption.
Passage C
It is well known that in many countries around the world people become ill and die from an
inadequate
food supply. A lesser known but equally troubling problem, however, is referred to as “hidden
hunger,” which does not cause feelings of hunger in the stomach but instead causes
damage to the immune system, birth defects, and slower brain activity due to a lack of
vitamin and mineral nutrients.
According to a recent report from the United Nations, “hidden hunger” is having an alarming
effect on developing countries, even those where people have enough to eat. An insufficient
amount of iron in the diet can lower the intelligence quotient (IQ) of children by five to seven
points and an iodine deficiency cuts it by 13 more points. As a result, the collective
brainpower of entire nations is diminished as the number of children with mental incapacities
grows. Iron deficiency in adults affects productivity. It is estimated that the Gross Domestic
Product in the most affected countries has been lowered by 2 percent. An Indian study
showed that when iron was added to the diets of tea leaf pickers, their productivity increased
by 20 percent.
The report encourages governments to enrich common foods with nutrients during
processing. Even if people are instructed to take a vitamin pill daily, many will not comply.
Adding nutrients to everyday foods such as soy sauce, salt, and cooking oil is the most
efficient way to reach the majority of the population. In the United States, cases of two
serious birth defects dropped by about 20 percent after the government began adding folic
acid, a nutrient found in nuts, to flour. The tragedy of “hidden hunger” is that it can be easily
solved. Enriching foods with nutrients is a simple process that costs only a few cents per
person per year.
71. What is “hidden hunger”? It is ______.
A. feeling hunger pains B. not getting enough to eat
C. a damaged immune system D. not getting enough nutrients
72. According to the passage, what lowers productivity?
A. slower brain activity
C. damage to the immune system
73. What does the United Nations recommend?
B. iron deficiency in adults
D. folic acid deficiency in children
A. adding iron to tea
B. adding nutrients to food
C. encouraging people to take vitamin pills
D. encouraging people to use more everyday foods like salt
74. What was the result of adding folic acid to a common food?
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A. It increased productivity. B. It lowered rates of birth defects.

C. It increased the consumption of flour. D. It solved the problem of hidden hunger. 75. In
paragraph 3, what reason does the author give for calling “hidden hunger” a tragedy?
A. It can be avoided. B. It affects so many people.
C. So many people aren’t aware of it. D. It affects only developing countries.
Passage D
Based on their study of ancient bones, a group of evolutionary scientists is offering a new
explanation
for how humans evolved as creatures with large brains. These scientists studied the
chemical composition of the bones of early modern humans, who lived in Europe about
20,000 to 28,000 years ago, and of Neanderthals, who lived in the same area from 28,000 to
130,000 years ago. Among other things, they analyzed the levels of carbon and nitrogen
isotopes found in these bones. The isotopes are thought to be the chemical signature of a
diet rich in fish and seafood. Their findings suggest that while Neanderthals were mainly
meat-eaters, early modern humans derived up to half of their dietary protein from fish.
Fish contains a plentiful supply of omega fatty acids, which are crucial to brain development.
Two of these fatty acids that seafood contains in high levels - docosahexaenic acid (DHA)
and arachidonic acid (AA) - make up 60 per cent of the brain’s structural material. The
former is vital for the development of neuron membranes, the latter for the construction of
blood vessels in the brain. These chemicals, however, are scarce in other foods, even in
meat. Thus, the researchers who conducted this study argue that the early modern humans’
diet provided them with an evolutionary edge over the smaller-brained Neanderthals who for
a while coexisted with them but then died out. It provided them with excess energy and
nutrients that could be directed towards brain growth.
76. What does the author say about arachidonic acid?
A. It is plentiful in both fish and meat.
B. It makes up 60% of the brain’s structural material.
C. It is necessary for the development of neuron membranes. D. It helps to build blood
vessels in the brain.
77. According to this passage, a major difference between Neanderthals and early modern
humans was that______.
A. Neanderthals ate more fish B. Neanderthals died out later
C. early modern humans ate more fish D. early modern humans had a poorer diet 78. What
does the word “edge” near the end of the second paragraph refer to?
A. advantage B. speed
79. This research explores the link between ______.
A. evolution and science.
C. diet and lifestyle.
80. What did the researchers conclude about a diet rich in fish and seafood?
A. It is better than a diet containing a lot of fatty acids.
B. It led to the evolution of bigger brains.
C. It can add dangerous chemicals to the body.
D. It does not provide as many nutrients as a diet rich in meat.

B. WRITTEN TEST
I. CLOZE TEST (20 PTS): Read the texts below and complete each space with ONE
suitable word.
Passage A
One of the fastest growing areas of business training nowadays is intercultural training. I
recently attended a seminar of this type and, although (1) ______ of it were fairly interesting,
in general I found it was not practical (2) ______ to be really useful in a day-to-day sense. I
have always believed that experience is the best teacher. In fact, I think that perhaps the
most enjoyable way to study (3) ______ diversity is to observe what, when and how other
nations eat.
On my last visit to the United States I spent a weekend with a family I know. (4) ______
many other American families they always keep their fridge (5) ______ stocked so that any
member of the family can help (6) ______ to food if and when they feel hungry. Only once
during my visit (7) ______ the whole family sit down together to eat a cooked meal, and my
hostess explained that this was a special (8) ______ in my honour as normally they were (9)
______ too busy at weekends with social or sporting events to eat together. In my view,
experiences like these tell us more about the role of family life and attitudes to time in
America than any (10) ______ could do.
C. weapon D. food
B. meat and fish.
D. nutrition and brain development.
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Passage B
Health experts have warned that the currently soaring obesity levels in European children
may (11) ______ create health problems of epidemic proportions within the next three (12)
______. Over the past ten years, obesity in six-year olds has doubled while the number of
obese fifteen-year olds has trebled. If present trends continue, by 2030 between 60 and 70
per cent of Europeans will be (13) ______ and 40 to 50 per cent will be obese. The (14)
______ rise in weight-related diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease and some forms
of cancer will place intolerable strains on health services unless steps are (15) ______ to
address the problem.
The explosion in child obesity can be put (16) ______ to the increasingly inactive lifestyles of
modern children. Many parents, worried lest their children should come to harm from traffic
or strangers, discourage them from playing outdoors and instead (17) ______ up ever more
opportunities for sedentary entertainment in the home. (18) ______ should the influence of
the food industry be underestimated; (19) ______ spends one thousand times more on
advertising fast foods and convenience foods in Europe and America than the total budget
for promoting health in the same (20) ______ regions.
II. WORD FORMATION: (20PTS)
PART 1: Complete each sentence, using the correct form of the word in parentheses.
1. The company’s publishing operations include business and consumer ______. (PERIOD)
2. Yesterday the company ______ a soaring 28 percent rise in profits for the year to
December. (VEIL) 3. Such changes are ______ to even the best-trained eye. (PERCEIVE)
4. As soon as the meeting began, however, ______ differences emerged. (RECONCILE)
5. The COVID-19 pandemic has been a catastrophe of ______ dimensions for the whole
world. (PRECEDE)
6. Her legs were ______ by the very high heels which she wore. (LONG)
7. School officials hope the ______ project can help both the teenagers and retired people.
(GENERATE)
8. Farmers are discouraged from applying ______ chemicals nowadays. (INSECT)
9. Our ______ trip covers everything during your trip abroad apart from travel insurance.
(INCLUDE) 10. Not only large cities but also ______ places have been badly affected by the
Covid-19 outbreak. (FLING)
PART 2: Complete the passage with the appropriate forms from the words given in the box.
PERFORM SHINE DEPRIVE SPECTACLE EARN STRIP PRIVILEGE RESENT GROUND
COURAGE
Childhood self-esteem can overwhelm academic disadvantage or social (11) ______ in
determining future earning power, according to major new research.
There is now clear evidence that the (12) ______ of people who had higher self-esteem at
age ten (13) ______ those of their peers whose academic performance was better at the
same age. Bright children often have higher self-esteem, as do some from more affluent (14)
______. But the study compared children from similar families and still found that those who
were psychologically well-balanced at ten were now (15) ______ their peers.
The research also found, surprisingly, that it is not unusual for children to have high
academic achievement and low self-esteem, leading to significant later underperformance in
the job market. A spokesman for the British Association for Counselling said:” (16) ______
for children doesn't come only from crude parental hostility at home; it can just be (17)
______ or the constant feeling that they're making you tired. Children pick that up. Nor is it
only (18) ______ children who suffer. All too often you can ask affluent parents who the
important people in their child's life are - teachers, friends and so on - and they haven't a
clue.”
Bearing out the findings of this research, many (19) ______ successful entrepreneurs were
(20) ______ academically when they were at school but had the advantage of supportive
families.
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III. ERROR CORRECTION: (10PTS) The following passage contains 10 errors. Identify and
correct them.
1 Family history is one of the Britain's fastest growing passions. Genealogy used to be
considered the preserve of bearded boffins or snobbish eccentrics, but now thousand of
people who would scorn the idea of ploughing through academic tomes of historic
information were eagerly delving into official archives and public records in an effort to
5 hunt down their ancestors. Some are motivated by curiosity and the desire to piece
together a family tree; some hope to add excitement to their lives by digging up a colourful or
illustrious forebear. As a hobby, it's slow and time-consuming; some enthusiasts have spent
years poring over records of births, marriages and deaths in search for an elusive ancestor.
However, the advent of the Internet has made things much easy and may partly
10 explain the explosion of interest in tracing one's root. A host of online databases allow
you to look up a specific surname quickly and instead of visiting your local public record
office to examine the official files, it is now probably possible to carry out much of your
research online. Even so, the results may not be whom you hoped for. A friend of mine spent
two years trying in vain to trace her family back to a famous eighteenth century novelist;
what
15 she came up instead is a forefather of the same name who had been the local hangman!
1. _______________________________________________________________________
2. _______________________________________________________________________
3. _______________________________________________________________________
4. _______________________________________________________________________
5. _______________________________________________________________________
6. _______________________________________________________________________
7. _______________________________________________________________________
8. _______________________________________________________________________
9. _______________________________________________________________________
10. ______________________________________________________________________
IV. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION: (20 PTS) Rewrite the following sentences using the
words given.
1. Her opinions on the new management policies were very different from those of her fellow
workers. (ODDS)
Shewas
_________________________________________________________________________
2. You must remember to lock the drawer, whatever you do. (ACCOUNT)
On
_________________________________________________________________________
_____
3. I said nothing because I was afraid of offending her. (FEAR)
Iremained
_________________________________________________________________offence.
4. He was dismissed for neglecting his work. (LED)
His
_________________________________________________________________________
_____
5. You have to be more co-operative or your colleagues won't respect you. (UNLESS)
You will not be held
________________________________________________________________
6. She claimed she handed in her resignation as a result of provocation. (PROVOKED)
She claimed
______________________________________________________________________
7. You were wrong when you assumed that we would support your project. (READ)
You should
_______________________________________________________________________
8. Politicians’ language is so ambiguous that I don’t understand what they really mean.
(INKLING) Such
_________________________________________________________whattheyreallymean.
9. You will infuriate him if you don’t keep it secret. (HAT)
Keep ____________________________________________________________________
the bend.
10. He admits he’s not one of the important members of the organization. (COG)
He
_________________________________________________________________________
_____
END OF TEST – BEST OF LUCK
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