Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CHUYÊN ĐỀ. CẤU TẠO TỪ- ÔN HỌC SINH GIOI
CHUYÊN ĐỀ. CẤU TẠO TỪ- ÔN HỌC SINH GIOI
CHUYÊN ĐỀ. CẤU TẠO TỪ- ÔN HỌC SINH GIOI
1. Adj
Noun = Adj + “-ness”
Ví dụ:
Adjective Root Verb = Adj + -en Noun = Adj + -ness
dark (tối) darken (làm tối lại) darkness (bóng tối)
fresh (tươi) freshen (làm tươi mới) freshness (sự tươi mới)
hard (cứng) harden (làm cứng lên) hardness (độ cứng)
loose (lỏng) loosen (nới lỏng) looseness (trạng thái lỏng)
quick (nhanh) quicken (làm tăng nhanh) quickness (sự mau chóng)
sharp (sắc) sharpen (mài sắc) sharpness (độ sắc)
thick (dầy) thicken (cho cho dầy lên) thickness (độ dày)
Verb = Adj + “-en”
2. Adj
Noun end in “-th”
Ví dụ:
Adjective Root Verb = Adj + -en Noun end in “-th”
broad (rộng) broaden (mở rộng) breadth = width [bề rộng]
deep (sâu) deepen (làm sâu hơn) depth (độ sâu)
wide (rộng) widen (mở rộng) width (chiều rộng)
3. Adj Noun Verb = Noun + “-en”
Ví dụ:
Adjective Root Noun Verb = Noun + -en
high (cao) height (chiều cao) heighten (làm cao hơn)
long (dài) length (chiều dài) lengthen (làm dài ra)
strong (mạnh) strength (sức mạnh) strengthen (làm cho mạnh)
frighten (làm cho hoảng
- fright (sự hoảng sợ)
sợ)
- threat (mối đe dọa) threaten (đe dọa)
Chú ý: short (adj) shortness (ngắn về mặt chiều dài hoặc chiều cao)
shortage (thiếu, không đủ cái gì đó)
4. Adj in “-ant” > Noun in “-ance”
Ví dụ:
Adj Root in “-ant” Noun in “–ance”
distant (xa) distance (khoảng cách)
assistant (trợ lý) assistance (sự trợ giúp)
importance (tầm quan
important (quan trọng)
trọng)
relevant (liên quan) relevance (sự liên quan)
significant (có ý nghĩa) significance (ý nghĩa)
tolerant (khoan dung) tolerance (sự khoan dung)
reluctant (lưỡng lự) reluctance (sự lưỡng lự)
5. Adj in “-ent” > Noun in “-ence”
Ví dụ:
Adj Root in “-ent” Noun in “–ence”
absent (vắng mặt) absence (sự vắng mặt)
confident (tự tin) confidence (sự tự tin)
convenience (sự thuận
convenient (thuận tiện)
tiện)
different (khác biệt) difference (sự khác biệt)
innocent (vô tội) innocence (sự vô tội
Chú ý:
- safe (adj) => safety (n)
- various (adj) => variety (n)
12. Adj + “-hood” = Noun
- likely (có khả năng) => likelyhood ( sự có khả năng xảy ra việc gì đó)
- lively ( sinh động, năng nổ) => livelihood ( sinh kế, sách sinh nhai)
Phần bài: Sự cấu tạo tính từ, trạng từ & danh từ từ một số gốc danh từ
I. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets.
Question 1. The top model was___beautifully______ dressed in an elegant evening gown.
(beauty)
Question 2. My street is_____peaceful_____ because it’s far from any main roads. (peace)
Question 3. Our football team won the __championship______ (champion) at the end of the
season and
received_____sponsorship____ from a large company. (sponsor)
Question 4. There are thousands of____homeless______ people sleeping in the streets. (home)
Question 5. I bought a __colourful_____ dress but its colours faded after I washed it. (colour)
Question 6. I was fined because I was driving __carelessly_____ (care).
Question 7. The directions you gave us were rather ___unhelpful___, as we still got lost. (help)
Question 8. I am feeling quite _sleepy______ because I didn’t get enough sleep last night.
(sleep)
Question 9. I got into a business ___partnership____ (partner) with my cousin but it ended up
being ___successful___. (success)
Question 10. The musical performance was so __powerful______ (power) that the audience
gave the orchestra a
standing ovation.
Question 11. The witness’ statement didn’t help the police in the investigation, so it proved to be
__valueble_____.
(value)
Question 12. The man was found____guilty_______ of shoplifting and sentenced to one month
in prison. (guilt)
Question 13. He has___successfully______ completed his postgraduate studies. (success)
Question 14. The new lazer treatment can extract teeth ___pain_____. (pain)
Question 15. It’s just a __harmless____ dog. There is no need to panic. (harm)
II. Exercise Complete the text with the correct form of the words in brackets.
Many people consider (1 - friend) _friendship______ to be the most important (2 - relation)
__relationship____ they can have. It
is (3 - wonder) __wonderful_____ to have a friend you can talk to and share (4 - value)
___valueble_____ experiences with.
However, it is important to choose friends (5 - care) ____carefully_____. An ideal friend should
be (6 - thought)
____thoughtful___ and when any difficulties arise, hopefully be there for us. Of course, there
will be times when we
might be (7 - doubt) __doubtful_____ of our friends. But, we should always talk things through
in a (8 - sense)
_____sensible___way and find a solution to our problems. Moreover, we should be careful not
to be (9 - truth)
_untruthful______. Without honesty, the bond between friends is (10 - use) ___useful_____ and
not worth anything at all.