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  • L8 - Coordination - CFT

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    Abhishek Pal
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    This document discusses Crystal Field Theory (CFT) as it applies to coordination compounds in chemistry. It explains that CFT uses an electrostatic model to consider metal-ligand bonds as ionic, and accounts for the color and magnetic properties of coordination compounds. It describes how the d-orbitals of metals split into different energy levels in octahedral and tetrahedral crystal fields based on the arrangement of ligands. It also discusses factors that affect crystal field splitting such as the metal ion, its oxidation state, number and nature of ligands. Finally, it introduces the spectrochemical series that orders ligands based on their effect on crystal field splitting.

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    This document discusses Crystal Field Theory (CFT) as it applies to coordination compounds in chemistry. It explains that CFT uses an electrostatic model to consider metal-ligand bonds as ionic, and accounts for the color and magnetic properties of coordination compounds. It describes how the d-orbitals of metals split into different energy levels in octahedral and tetrahedral crystal fields based on the arrangement of ligands. It also discusses factors that affect crystal field splitting such as the metal ion, its oxidation state, number and nature of ligands. Finally, it introduces the spectrochemical series that orders ligands based on their effect on crystal field splitting.

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    26 views31 pages

    L8 - Coordination - CFT

    Uploaded by

    Abhishek Pal
    This document discusses Crystal Field Theory (CFT) as it applies to coordination compounds in chemistry. It explains that CFT uses an electrostatic model to consider metal-ligand bonds as ionic, and accounts for the color and magnetic properties of coordination compounds. It describes how the d-orbitals of metals split into different energy levels in octahedral and tetrahedral crystal fields based on the arrangement of ligands. It also discusses factors that affect crystal field splitting such as the metal ion, its oxidation state, number and nature of ligands. Finally, it introduces the spectrochemical series that orders ligands based on their effect on crystal field splitting.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 31

    Paaras Thakur

    Coordination
    Compounds
    L - 8 CFT

    paaras_thakur
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    Crystal Field Theory
    Crystal Field Theory - CFT

    The crystal field theory (CFT) is an electrostatic model which considers the metal-
    ligand bond to be ionic arising purely from electrostatic interactions between the
    metal ion and the ligand.

    It accounts for both the color and magnetic properties of many


    coordination compounds.

    Anionic Ligands ⟶ Treated as Point Charge

    Neutral Ligands
    ⟶ Treated as Dipoles
    Crystal Field Theory - CFT

    CFT predicts that the d orbitals in a metal complex are not degenerate. The pattern
    of splitting of the d orbitals depends on the crystal field, this being determined by
    the arrangement and type of ligands.
    Splitting of d-orbitals in Octahedral field

    L
    L L

    M M M

    L L
    L
    Splitting of d-orbitals in Octahedral field
    Splitting of d-orbitals in Octahedral field
    Splitting of d-orbitals in Octahedral field
    Splitting of d-orbitals in Octahedral field
    Splitting of d-orbitals in Tetrahedral field
    Splitting of d-orbitals in Tetrahedral field
    Factors affecting CFS
    The identity of the metal

    The crystal field splitting, Δo, is about 50 percent greater for the second transition
    series compared to the first, whereas the third series is about 25 percent greater
    than the second.

    The oxidation state of the metal

    Generally, the higher the oxidation state of the metal, the greater the crystal field
    splitting.
    Factors affecting CFS

    The number of the ligands

    The crystal field splitting is greater for a larger number of ligands.

    The nature of the ligands

    The common ligands can be ordered on the basis of the effect that they have on
    the crystal field splitting. This ordered listing is called the spectrochemical series.

    NCERT
    Spectrochemical Series

    Sharpe

    Shriver, Atkins
    Crystal field stabilization energy : Octahedral
    Crystal field stabilization energy : Octahedral
    Crystal field stabilization energy : Octahedral
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