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Science: Third Quarter - Module 1 Describing Motion
Science: Third Quarter - Module 1 Describing Motion
SCIENCE
Third Quarter – Module 1
Describing Motion
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Science – Grade 7
Alternative Delivery Mode
Third Quarter – Module 1: Describing Motion
First Edition, 2020
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7
Science
Third Quarter – Module 1
Describing Motion
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Introductory Message
The hand is one of the most symbolized parts of the human body. It is
often used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn,
create and accomplish great or new things. Hence, the hand in this learning
resource signifies that you as a learner is capable and empowered to
successfully achieve the relevant competencies and skills at your own pace and
time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time.
You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being
an active learner.
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a story, a song, a poem, a problem
opener, an activity or a situation.
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At the end of this module you will also find:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part
of the module. Use your Science activity notebook in answering the
exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other
activities included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with
it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful
learning and gain a deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can
do it!
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Table of Contents
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What I Need to Know
Many of the things around us move. Some move slowly like turtles and
clouds, others move more quickly like the satellites. Motion is so common and
it seems to be very simple. Describing motion actually requires careful use of
scientific definitions.
This module provides you with scientific knowledge and skills necessary
to describe motion along a straight path. You will learn to describe the motion
of objects in terms of position and distance travelled with respect to time. You
will also learn to interpret the motion of objects using illustrations.
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What I Know
Directions: Choose the letter of your answer and write it in your Science activity
notebook.
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7. From home, Dong walked 300 m East to visit Inday. Both Dong and
Inday walked another 400 m North and 300 m West. Which of the
following statements is NOT TRUE?
A. Dong went home.
B. Dong travelled a total distance of 1,000 m.
C. Dong’s displacement is zero if they continue to travel 400 m South.
D. Dong’s displacement is shorter than the total distance he has
travelled.
8. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
I. The distance travelled by an object can be equaled to its
displacement.
II. The displacement of a moving object can be greater than its
distance travelled.
III. The displacement of a moving object is lesser than its distance
travelled.
A. I and II B. II and III C. I and III D. I, II and III
9. This refers to the rate of change in velocity of an object.
A. Acceleration B. Motion C. Speed D. Velocity
10. Two boys walked a 200-meter distance path. It takes 5 minutes for Boy
A to finish while 10 minutes for Boy B. How do you compare their speed?
A. Boy B is faster than Boy A C. They have the same speed
B. Boy A is slower than Boy B D. Boy A is twice faster than Boy B
11. Which of the following statements is correct about an object moving in a
constant motion?
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13. Which of the following situations show that the object is accelerating?
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Lesson
Distance and Displacement
1
About two centuries ago, people used animals like horses and donkeys
to transport people and goods. In 1860, the internal combustion engine was
developed by Nicolaus Otto that led the way to the invention of motor cars,
trains, ships, airplanes and jets which enabled people to travel faster. All of
these involved motion.
What’s In
Activity 1: Sketch It
Directions: Copy figure 1 completely in a graphing paper. Consider the center
of your graphing paper as the reference point. Sketch the four vector
quantities in one graphing paper following the given example. Paste
your graphing paper in your Science activity notebook.
North
Example:
6 meters East
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
South
Figure 1. Graph
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What’s New
SCHOOL
HOME
What Is It
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An object may be moving with respect to another reference. For
example, when you are inside a bus, you are not moving with respect to the
other passengers, but you are moving with respect to the ground.
Motion can be described by measuring the total length of the path
travelled by the object, and by measuring the distance between the initial
position and final position of the
object.
Example:
A car ran 100 meters from
point A to point B, then 50 meters
from point B to point C, and
another 100 meters from point C
Figure 3: Distance travelled
to point D. See Figure 3 and 4.
To solve the total length of path travelled you can simply add the length
of path from point A to B, B to C and C to D.
Total length of path = length A to B + length B to C + length C to D.
= 100 meters + 50 meters + 100 meters
Total length of path = 250 meters
The length of the entire path that the object travelled is referred to as
distance. Based on the example above, the total length of path is equal to 250
meters. This means that the distance travelled by the car is equal to 250 meters.
Displacement is the shortest
distance between the object’s initial
and final positions as shown in
Figure 4.
To solve the displacement of
the car, simply subtract the final
position by the initial position.
Figure 4. Displacement
Displacement = Final position – Initial position
= 50 meters – 0
Displacement = 50 meters
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What’s More
Activity 3: My Travel
Directions: Trace the distance and displacement using the figure below.
Answer the following questions in your Science activity notebook.
Situation:
You are told to buy some foods in the market. You walked 12 m East
from home, 12 m North, 6 m West, 6 m South, 6 m West, and finally, 8 m
North to reach the market.
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Lesson
Speed and Velocity
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What’s In
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What’s New
200 m
400 m
Figure 6. Distance from Home to School
What is it?
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑑
𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 = ; in symbols, 𝑣=
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡
We can express speed in terms of miles per hour (mi/h), kilometers per
hour (km/h), or meters per second (m/s).
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Examples:
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑑⃑
𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 = ; in symbols, 𝑣⃑ =
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡
As shown in Figure 7a, the total distance from home to school is 3.0 km
while the displacement is 2.0 km, East as shown in Figure 7b.
Suppose you take 0.5 hour to travel from home to school, use the
information in Figure 7a and 7b to solve for your average speed and velocity.
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Solving for average speed: Solving for average velocity:
Given: Given:
d = 3.0 km 𝑑⃑ = 2.0 km
t = 0.5 h t = 0.5 h
Asked: Asked:
𝑣 =? 𝑣⃑ = ?
Formula: Formula:
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 =
𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 = 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
Solution: Solution:
𝑑
𝑣= 𝑑⃑
𝑡 𝑣⃑ =
𝑡
3.0 𝑘𝑚
𝑣= 2.0 𝑘𝑚, 𝐸𝑎𝑠𝑡
0.5 ℎ 𝑣⃑ =
0.5 ℎ
𝒗 = 𝟔. 𝟎 𝒌𝒎/𝒉
⃑⃑ = 𝟒. 𝟎 𝒌𝒎/𝒉, East
𝒗
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speed to 65 km/h as it passes an open free highway and zero when it stops.
During the entire trip, the vehicle travels at different speed.
What’s More
You decided to have a morning jog to keep your body fit. You jog 100 m
East in 150 s, made a left turn and jog 150 m in 180 s, and finally made another
left turn for 100 m in 90 s.
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Lesson
Acceleration
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In this lesson, you will learn to describe the motion of an object in which
velocity changes in magnitude, direction, or both.
What’s In
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What’s New
00:00 00:01 s
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What Is It
⃑⃑𝒇 − 𝒗
𝒗 ⃑⃑𝒊
⃑⃑ =
𝒂
𝒕𝒇 − 𝒕𝒊
Change in velocity is the difference between the final velocity (vf) and
the initial velocity (vi). Change in time is the difference between the final time
(tf) and the initial time (ti).
Average acceleration refers to the total change in velocity divided by
the total time taken for the change. Since the unit of velocity is meter per second
(m/s), acceleration is expressed in meter per second per second (m/s/s).
Oftentimes, the unit of acceleration is written as m/s 2.
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Based on Figure 10, the car’s average acceleration is
𝑣⃑𝑓 − 𝑣⃑𝑖
𝑎⃑ =
𝑡𝑓 − 𝑡𝑖
50 𝑘𝑚⁄ℎ−0 𝑘𝑚⁄ℎ
𝑎⃑ = 4 𝑠−0 𝑠
50𝑘𝑚⁄ℎ
𝑎⃑ = 4𝑠
1000 𝑚 1ℎ
(50𝑘𝑚⁄ℎ)( )( )
1 𝑘𝑚 3600 𝑠
𝑎⃑ = 4𝑠
13.9 𝑚/𝑠
𝑎⃑ = 4𝑠
⃑⃑ = 𝟑. 𝟒𝟕 𝒎/𝒔𝟐
𝒂
Example:
A passenger vehicle with a speed of 20 m/s slowed down to 10 m/s in
10 seconds. What is its acceleration?
Given: vi = 20 m/s vf = 10 m/s ∆t = 10 s
Solutions:
∆𝑣⃑ 𝑣⃑𝑓 − 𝑣⃑𝑖
𝑎⃑ = =
∆𝑡 𝑡𝑓 − 𝑡𝑖
10 𝑚⁄𝑠 − 20 𝑚⁄𝑠
𝑎⃑ =
10 𝑠
𝑚
−10 ⁄𝑠
𝑎⃑ =
10 𝑠
⃑⃑ = −𝟏 𝒎/𝒔𝟐
𝒂
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What’s More
Problem: A racehorse coming out from the gate accelerates from rest to a
velocity of 15 m/s West in 3 seconds. What is its acceleration?
Directions: Complete the paragraph by filling in the blanks using the correct
word/s from the box. Write your answers in your Science activity
notebook.
acceleration displacement position
average distance scalar
constant deceleration speedometer
direction motion velocity
Motion is a change in (1.) __________ with respect to a reference point.
Distance and displacement, speed and velocity, and acceleration are ways to
describe motion. Distance is a (2.) ________ quantity having magnitude but no
direction while (3.) __________ is a vector quantity having both magnitude and
direction. (4.) __________ speed refers to the total distance travelled divided
by the total time and (5.) __________ is displacement divided by total time of
travel. A (6.)__________ measures instantaneous speed/velocity.
(7.)________ motion refers to an object moving with constant speed or constant
velocity. (8.) __________ is defined as the change in velocity in a time interval.
Acceleration may change in any of the following conditions: when the velocity
changes, when the (9.)__________ of motion changes, or when both velocity
and direction of motion changes. (10.) __________ is the opposite of
acceleration where the velocity of an object decreases.
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.
What I Can Do
Directions: Copy and complete the table by solving the missing values of the
quantities. Write your answers in your Science activity notebook.
1 10 20 2
2 20 70 5
3 50 30 10
4 15 30 3
5 12 12 2
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Assessment
Directions: Choose the letter of your answer and write it in your Science
activity notebook.
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7. From home, Dong walked 300 m East to visit Inday. Both Dong and
Inday walked another 400 m North and 300 m West. Which of the
following statements is NOT TRUE?
A. Dong went home.
B. Dong travelled a total distance of 1,000 m.
C. Dong’s displacement is zero if they continue to travel 400 m South.
D. Dong’s displacement is shorter than the total distance he has
travelled.
8. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
I. The distance travelled by an object can be equaled to its
displacement.
II. The displacement of a moving object can be greater than its
distance travelled.
III. The displacement of a moving object is lesser than its distance
travelled.
A. I and II B. II and III C. I and III D. I, II and III
9. This refers to the rate of change in velocity of an object.
A. Acceleration B. Motion C. Speed D. Velocity
10. Two boys walked a 200-meter distance path. It takes 5 minutes for Boy
A to finish while 10 minutes for Boy B. How do you compare their speed?
A. Boy B is faster than Boy A C. They have the same speed
B. Boy A is slower than Boy B D. Boy A is twice faster than Boy B
11. Which of the following statements is correct about an object moving in a
constant motion?
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13. Which of the following situations show that the object is accelerating?
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Additional Activity
Initial Position
A B
C
D Final Position
Figure 11. Diagram of the Skateboarder
100 m 3 min
A D 3 min
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Lesson 3: What’s New Lesson 3: What’s In
00:00 - Zero 1. Speed 6. Velocity
00:01 s - 5 km/h 2. Speed 7. Speed
00:02 s - 15 km/h 3. Speed 8. Velocity
00:03 s - 30 km/h 4. Speed 9. Velocity
00:04 s - 50 km/h 5. Speed 10. Velocity
Lesson 2: What’s New Lesson 2: What’s In
1. John is as fast as Mary. 1. F 6. T
2. Dividing the distance from their 2. T 7. T
home to school by the time 3. F 8. T
they took to arrive school. 4. F 9. T
5. T 10. F
Lesson 1: What’s New Lesson 1: What’s More
1. 50 m
Answers may vary 2. Yes
3. 14 m, N
4. Distance = A + B + C + D + E
Displacement = Final position -
Initial Position
Lesson 1: What’s In What I Know
1. C 6. B 11. C
2. C 7. A 12. D
3. C 8. C 13. C
4. C 9. A 14. A
5. C 10. D 15. C
Answer Key
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Lesson 2: What’s More
Assessment
6. C 6. B 11. C
7. C 7. A 12. D
8. C 8. C 13. C
9. C 9. A 14. A
10. C 10. D 15. C
What I Can Do 2. Given: d =100 m + 150 m + 100 m
1. 5 m/s2 t = 150 s + 180 s + 90 s
2. 10 m/s2
3. -2 m/s2 Find: v
4. 5 m/s2 Solution: v = d / t
5. 0
v = 350 m / 420 s
What I Have Learned v = 0.83 m/s
1. Position 6. Speedometer
2. Distance 7. Constant 3. v = d = 150 m, North
t 420 s
3. Displacement 8. Acceleration v = 0.36 m/s, North
4. Average 9. Direction 4. The average speed is greater than
5. Velocity 10. Deceleration the average velocity.
Lesson 3: What’s More
5 m/s2, W
References
Books
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Asuncion, Alvie J. et. al. Science- Grade 7 Learner’s Material. FEP Printing
Corporation. Pasig City, 2017.
Bentillo, Eulalia N., et. al, National Institute for Science and Mathematics
Padua, Alicia L., and Ricardo M. Crisostomo. Science and Technology Series:
Practical and Explorational Physics Modular Approach. Vibal Publishing
House, Inc.: Metro Manila, 2003.
Links/Websites
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“Average Speed & Velocity: Lesson for Kids.” Study.com. n.d.
https://study.com/academy/practice/average-speed-velocity-quiz-
worksheet-for-kids.html. Accessed June 3, 2020.
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Elert, Gleen, The Physics Hypertextbook,
http:///www.physics.info/displacement, 1998
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