Heavy metals present in tobacco come from the absorption from the soil and deposition from air

particulates.

Cadmium (10-250 ng) – poisonous to humans

Lead (18-83 ng) – highly poisonous; affects almost every organ and system

Cobalt (up to 48 ng) – causes respiratory problems, suspected carcinogen

Arsenic (up to 21 ng) – poisonous, classified as carcinogen

Chromium (1-2 ng) – toxic and carcinogenic

Thallium (up to 2.4 ng) – extremely toxic

Mercury (up to 6.5 ng) – extremely toxic

The elemental Iodine combines with any excess Iodide present to produce I3-, a species that
forms a Blue colored complex with Starch (a complex carbohydrate):
I2(aq) + I-(aq) → I3-(aq)

This is then titrated with thiosulfate (S2O32-) to reduce the Iodine back to an oxidation state of -1:

I3-(aq) + 2 S2O32-(aq) → 3 I-(aq) + S4O62-(aq)

(BLUE) (COLORLESS)

Tar is the resinous, partially combusted particulate matter produced from the burning of
tobacco during the act of smoking. (Up to 27 mg per stick)

Air pollution – is a mixture of solid particles and gases in the air.

In the Philippines, Air Pollution is governed by Republic Act 8749 also known as the Philippine
Clean Air Act of 1999.

Air pollutants are natural and artificial airborne substances that are introduced into the
environment in a concentration sufficient to have a measurable effect on humans, animals,
vegetation, or building materials.
1. A lower DO concentration means good water quality. FALSE

2. In DO analysis, what is being oxidized upon the addition of alkali-iodide azide solution?
Answer: Manganese (II)

3. Manganese (III) hydroxide is the identity of the precipitate formed in the DO Analysis.
Answer: TRUE

4. What is the titrant used in Experiment 4?

Answer: Sodium Thiosulfate

5. What is the indicator used in Experiment 4

Answer: Starch

6. During titration, when the color of the solution turns pale yellow, it has already reached
the equivalence point.
Answer: FALSE

7. What is the concentration of Sodium thiosulfate used in the experiment?

Answer: 0.025N

8. One (1) mL is added for each reagent used in the DO Analysis.

Answer: TRUE

9. The precipitate should at least be 3 cm below the stopper before adding 1.0 mL of
concentrated sulfuric acid.
Answer: TRUE

10. How many mL of the water sample is titrated with sodium thiosulfate for DO Analysis?
Answer: 201

11. Give at least one chemical substance emitted into the air in burning a cigarette.
Answer: Carbon monoxide

12. Mesothelioma is a chronic condition resulting from overinflation of structures in the

lungs known as air sacs, or alveoli, which occurs when the alveoli walls begin to break
down.
Answer: FALSE

13. What type of environmental pollution is caused by cigarette smoking?

Answer: Air pollution
14. One of the gases produced in burning a cigarette is carbon dioxide which competes with
oxygen in the bloodstream, reducing the amount of oxygen that is available to cells.
Answer: FALSE

15. In the experiment, the solids collected from the cigarette smoke is considered as the
___ pollutant.
Answer: Air

16. Inhalation of a second-hand or sidestream smoke is sometimes called passive smoking.

Answer: TRUE

17. In the apparatus shown in the experiment video, what is the actual inch gap between
the rims of the two funnels?
Answer: ¼
18. When the cigarette has burned down, the connection is broken between the smoker’s
flask and the aspirator and the cigarette is pulled out while collecting the ashes. The
mass of the cigarette with the ashes will then be measured.
Answer: FALSE

19. What is the apparatus used in the experiment that serves to pull air through the
cigarette and at the same time serves to pull the sidestream smoke?
Answer: Vacuum aspirator/ Vacuum pump

20. In the experiment, the filter paper marked as “1” is for second-hand smoke.
Answer: FALSE
EXPERIMENT 4

10-mL graduated cylinder

Calibration of dropper
Trial 1 – first fill a dropper with water then fill a 10 mL graduated cylinder with water up
to the 9 mL mark, bring the water level up to the 10 mL mark, make careful addition of
water from the dropper (record the number of drops. WITH TRIAL 2 AND TRIAL 3

Determine the average number of traps equivalent to 1 mL by dividing the number of

drops by the increase in volume. The average will be used as conversion factor

Titration
- Collect water sample using bod bottle, fill the bottle completely with water without
trapping any air bubbles and 1 mL of manganese sulfate solution to the sample
followed by one mL of alkali iodide azide solution well below the surface of the
liquid be sure that no air becomes entrapped cover the bottle with a stopper and
mix by inverting it several times to distribute the precipitate uniformly
- When the precipitate has settled at least three centimeters below the stopper
carefully remove the stopper and immediately add one mL of concentrated sulfuric
acid by allowing the acid to run down the neck off the bottle. Carefully stopper add
distilled water up to the brim and invert several times until the precipitate dissolves.
Allow the mixture to stand for five minutes using the calibrated dropper they trade
the solution with 0.025 normality sodium thiosulfate trapwise until the iodine color
becomes faint
- Add one mL of starch solution and continue adding the thiosulfate until the blue
color disappears
- Drops of sodium thiosulfate – color of the solution becomes colorless
EXPERIMENT 5

(PART I)
In figures one and two each apparatus is attached to a vacuum aspirator
- This serves to pull air through the cigarette allowing it to be smoked
- The second job of the vacuum aspirator is to pull the side stream smoke through the
apparate filter. This allows you to measure the side stream smoke and prevents that
smoke from entering the room and turning you into a secondhand smoker

(PART 2)
With a pencil make a horizontal mark (5 cm) from the end of the cigarette that will be lit
- This is how far you will allow the cigarette to burn
- Insert the end of the cigarette not to the lid into the funnel that will be attached to
the smoker’s flask. Adjust the clams holding the funnel so that there is about a 1 / 4
inch gap between the rims of the two funnels. A smaller gap will make it difficult for
enough air to get in to burn the cigarette and the larger gap will allow the side
stream smoke to escape into the room. You should keep the gap consistent for all
tasks
- Insert the two pieces of filer paper into the appropriate flasks and seal each flask
with a rubber stoper with the tubing attached it is important that you do not poke
any holes in the filter paper so the filter paper should be loose around the bottom of
the stopper. However, there should be a good seal around the mouth of the flash.

TRIAL 1 – Light the cigarette and turn on the aspirator.

- When the cigarette has burned down to the line break the connection between the
smoker’s flask and the aspirator and put out the cigarette. Leave the aspirator on
one minute to finish collecting the second hand smoke. Break the connection to the
second hand smoke flash and then turn off the aspirator. Carefully remove the two
pieces of filter paper and weigh each
(YOU DON’T HAVE TO COLLECT THE ASHES AND CIGARETTE)