BR MATHS SYNOPSIS(AREAS)

Sri Chaitanya IIT Academy

VEDAVYAS – GOSALA (VIJAYAWADA)

Sec : Sr.IPLCO(BR) BR MATHS SYNOPSIS(AREAS) Date:08-06-2021

FIND THE AREAS OF THE CURVES FOR DIFFERENT CASES

Area when curve lies above x-axis

If f  x  is continuous on a, b and f  x   0  x  a, b then the area A of the region

bounded by the curve y  f  x  , the x-axis and the ordinates x  a and x  b is given by

b b
A   f  x  dx or A   y dx
a a

Some examples are shown below

Ex:1 Evaluate area bounded by the curve y  x 2 between ordinates x  1 and x  2 and x-axis.

Sol: In the interval 1, 2 , the function y  x 2 non-negative

Therefore, by definition of area,

2
1
required area  A   x 2 dx 
1
3

Ex:2 Find are bounded by curve y  1  x 2 with x-axis.

BR MATHS SYNOPSIS(AREAS)
Sol:Here, the curve y  1  x 2 , meets x-axis at x  1 and x  1 and curve is non-negative in the interval

 1, 1

 1  x  dx  3
2 4
Required area 
1

Ex:3 Find the area of the triangle formed by the straight line 2x  y  2 and the coordinate

axes using integration.

Sol:

The given line meets the x-axis at A 1, 0  and y-axis at B  0, 2

1 1
Required area   y dx    2  3x  dy
0 0

 
1
 2 2x  x 2  2 1  1
0

Ex:4 Show that the area enclosed by one arc of y  sin x and the x-axis is 2.


Area   sin x dx    cos x 0  2

Sol:
0
BR MATHS SYNOPSIS(AREAS)
Area when curve lies below x-axis

If f  x  is continuous on a, b and f  x   0  x  a, b  then the area A of the region

bounded by the curve y  f  x  the x-axis and the lines x  a, x  b is given by

b b b
A   f  x  dx or A    f  x  dx or A   f  x  dx
a a a

Find the area between x-axis and the curve y   x  1  25

2
Ex:5

Equation of the curve is y   x  1  25 equation of x-axis is y  0 .

2
Sol:

y  0   x  1  25  0 ,  x  6  x  4   0 , x  4 or 6
2

For 4  x  b1 y  0

6
  x  13 
 x  1 
6
2
Required area     25 dx    25x 
4  3 
4

 125   125   250  500

    150      100       250 
 3   3   3  3

Ex:6 Find the area bounded by the curve y  log e x and y  0

Sol: y  log e x and y  0

BR MATHS SYNOPSIS(AREAS)

From figure, required area

 Area of the shaded region  1  1  2 sq. units.

Area when curve lies above and below x-axis

Let f  x  be continuous on a, b such that f  x   0  x  a, c  and f  x   0  x  c, b

where a  c  b . Then the area A of the region bounded by the curve y  f  x  the x-axis and the lines

x  a and x  b is given by

b  b 
A   f  x  dx     f  x  dx  or
 
a  c 

b b
A   f  x  dx   f  x  dx
a c

Ex:7 Find the area bounded by the curve y  x 3 , the x-axis and the ordinate at x  2

and x  1

Sol: The function y  x 3 is negative for x  0 and is positive for x  0 .

BR MATHS SYNOPSIS(AREAS)
1 0 1 0 1 17
2 x 2 x dx   x 3 dx  2 x dx   x 3 dx 
3 3 2
Required area  dx 
0 0 4

Ex:8 Find the area bounded by y  x 3  4x and x-axis

Sol:  
Given that y  x x 2  22 , y  x  x  2  x  2

By sign rule, we have

y  0 , for x   2, 0  2,   and y  0 , for x   ,  2  0, 2

0 2
 x4   x4 
2  x 
0 2
 Required area  3
 4x dx   3
x  4x dx    2x 2     2x 2   8
4  2  4
0
0

Ex:9 Find the area of the region bounded by y  a, y  2a, x  y 3 and x  0 . (where a  0 )

1
3
Sol:First of all, we need to draw the curve x  y  y  x3

0 2a
2a 0 2a  y4   y4  a 4 16 4 17 4
Required region  a x dy  a x dy  0 x dy         a  a
 4  a  4  0 4 4 4

Ex:10 Find the area bounded by parabola y 2  x , straight line y  4 and y-axis

4 1  3  4 64
0 y
2
Sol: dy  y 
3  0 3
BR MATHS SYNOPSIS(AREAS)
1
Ex:11 Find the area bounded by y  2x and y  n x between the ordinates x  and x  2
2

Sol: The required area is the shaded portion in following figure.

1
In the region  x  2 the curve y  2x lies above as compared to y  log e x
2

2
 2x  4 2 5
  
2 3
Hence, the required area  1
x
2  log x dx     x log x  x     log 2 
2  log 2  log 2 2 2

Ex:12 Find the area bounded by the curves y  e x , y  2x  x 2 and the lines

Sol:

2
x3 
0  e 
2 x 2 x 2 2 8 2 7
A  2x  x dx  e  x    e  4  1  e 
3 0 3 3

1
Ex:13 Show that the area enclosed between the curves y  x and y  x 3 is
2

Sol: The curves y  x and y  x 3 intersect at x  0,  1 the rough sketch of the region is

shown in the figure.

BR MATHS SYNOPSIS(AREAS)
1 1
0 1
 x2 x4 
Area   x
3

 x dx   x  x  3
 dx  2  x  x  3
dx  2    
1
1 0 0 2 4 0 2

Ex:14 Find the area of one of the curvilinear triangles formed by y  sin x, y  cos x and – x-axis.

Sol: The given curves are y  sin x, y  cos x and x-axis A rough sketch of the region is show in

the figure.

 
4 2  
 1   1 
Area   sin x dx   cos x dx    cos x 04  sin x 2     1   1   2 2
0  4  2   2 
4

Ex:15 Find the area bounded by the parabolas y  x 2  1 and y  1  x 2

Sol: Given curves are y  x 2  1, y  1  x 2

On solving these two, we get x 2  1  1  x 2  2x 2  2  x   1

Required Area  2
1
0 1  x    x
2 2

 1 dx 
8
3
or here area is symmetric about coordinate axes

therefore,
1
 x3 
  8
1
A  4  x 2
dx  4  x   
0
 3 0 3

Ex:16 Find the area bounded by the curve x 2  4y and the straight line x  4y  2

Sol:Solving x 2  4y and x  4y  2  x  x 2  2  x 2  x  2  0  x  1 or 2
BR MATHS SYNOPSIS(AREAS)

2
1 2 2 x 1 1  1 15 3 9
Required area    x  2  dx   dx  2  4    2    8   1  
  
4 1 1 4 4 2   12 8 4 8

LEARN YOUR SELF

1. Find the area of the region bounded by

i) y  x 2 and x  0, x  2 and y  0 is

ii) the hyperbola xy  1 and x  0 between y  1 and y  2

iii) y  x 2 and y  x 3

y  loge x and y  0

iv) y   x  1 x  2 x  3  lying between the ordinates x  0 and x  3

2. Find the area of the region in the first quadrant enclosed by the x-axis, the line y  x

and the circle x 2  y 2  32

a
3. Find the area of the smaller part of the circle x 2  y 2  a 2 cut off by the line x 
2

4. The area between x  y 2 and x  4 is divided into two equal parts by the line x  a

find the value of a.

5. The area of the circle x 2  y 2  16 exterior to the parabola y 2  6x , is

6. Find the area bounded by the curves y  x  1 and y   x  1

7. Area enclosed by the curves y  n x, y  n x , y  n x and y  n x is equal to

8. Find the ratios of the areas under the curves y  cos2 x and y  sin2 x between x  0

and x  
BR MATHS SYNOPSIS(AREAS)

9.The line x  divides the area of the region bounded by y  sin x, y  cos x and x-axis
4
 
 0  x   into two regions of areas A1 and A 2 then A1 : A 2 
 2

3
10.Find the area enclosed by the curve y  x2 ex between the lines x  1, x  2 and x-

axis

ANSWERS

8 1 11
1. i) ii)  n 2  iii) iv)
3 12 4

   2
 
2 4
2. 4 3. a2 4. a   4  3 5. 8  3
4 3

  e8  e 
6. 2 7. 4 8. 9. 1:1 10.  
2  3 

Evaluating Area by shifting the origin

Since area remains invariant even if the coordinates axes are shifted of origin in many cases proves to be
very convenient in computing the areas.

Ex:17 Find the area enclosed between the parabolas y 2  2y  4x  5  0 and

2
x  2x  y  2  0 .

Given curves are  y  1  4  x  1 and shift the origin to  1, 1 , then the curves becomes
2
Sol:
Y 2  4X and X 2  Y

16 16 1 4
Area  ab   1  
3 3 4 3

Ex:18 Find the Area enclosed between the ellipse 9x 2  4y 2  36x  8y  4  0 and the line

3x  2y  10  0 in the first quadrant.

BR MATHS SYNOPSIS(AREAS)
Given ellipse can be written as 9  x  2  4  y  1  36
2 2
Sol:


 x  22   y  12 1
4 9

X2 Y2
Let X  x 2 and Y  y 1. Then ellipse reduces to  1 and
4 9
3x  2y  10  0 reduces to 3X  2Y  6  0

1 1 3
Area   23  23  3
4 2 2

Determination of parameters

Sometimes curves may contain some unknown parameter which needs to be determined provided
area is given.

Ex:19 Find the area of the figure bounded by the parabola y  ax 2  12x  14 and the

straight line y  9x  32 if the tangent drawn to the parabola at the point x  3 is known to

make an angle   tan1 6 with the x-axis

dy
Sol: y  ax 2  12x  14   2ax  12
dx

dy
  6a  12
dx x 3


Hence tan   tan1 6  6a  12
6  6a  12  a  3

Hence y  3x 2  12x  14

(note that D  0, y  0  x  R )

Point of intersection of the line with parabola are x  2 or 3

BR MATHS SYNOPSIS(AREAS)

3
125
Hence A   3x
2
 12x  14   9x  32  dx 
2
2

Area bounded by inverse of a function

To find area bounded by inverse function of y  f  x  between ordinates x  c, x  d and x-axis.

Let y  f  x  be a strictly increasing and non-negative function in the interval a, b . Let

f  a   c and f  b   d . Now area bounded by y  f  x  , x-axis and ordinates x  a and x  b is

b
A1  a f  x  dx
Let A 2 be the area bounded by f  x  , y-axis and y  c and y  d .

d d
c x dy  c f  y  dy
1
Then A 2 

Let y  f  x  then dy  f '  x  dx and x  f 1  y   x  f 1  c   a and x  f 1  d   b

b
Therefore, A 2  a x f '  x  dx
By integration by parts, we get
BR MATHS SYNOPSIS(AREAS)
b b
A 2  xf  x   a   f  x  dx
a

 A2  bf  b   af  a   A1  A 2  bd  ac  A1

 A1  A2  bd  ac

 A1  A 2  Area of rectangle OBCD – Area of rectangle OAFC.

Thus, without finding inverse of given function, we can evaluate area bounded by inverse graph
and ordinates and x-axis.

Note
Let us suppose the curve is as given below:

Shaded region

 0 b
 ac   f  x  dx   f  x   bd   f  x  dx
a  0

0 b
 bd  ac   f  x  dx   f  x  dx
a 0

Ex:20 f  x   x 3  2x 2  2x  1 and g  x  is the inverse of it. Then compute the area bounded

by g  x  , x-axis and the ordinate at x  3 and x  6 .

Sol: f '  x   3x 2  4x  2  0  x  R  f is strictly increasing for all x. now f  x   3

 x 3  2x 2  2x  4  0

 x 2  x  2   2  x  2   0  x  2 and f  x   6  x  1
BR MATHS SYNOPSIS(AREAS)

x    101
0 1
Area  6   3
 2x 2  2x  1 dx  6   x 3  2x 2  2x  1 dx 
2 0 12

Ex:21 Find area bounded by the inverse function of y  f  x   x 3  1 between ordinates

x  7 and x  2 and x-axis.

Sol: Here both – 7 and 2 in range of f  x  and we need to find values of x in domain of f so

that f  x   7, 2

 x 3  1  7,  x  2 and 1

0 1
Required Area  14   f  x   2   f  x  dx
2 0

x   
0 1
 16   3
 1 dx   x 3  1 dx
2 0

0 1
 x4   x4 
 16    x    x
4  2  4 0

1 
 16   4  2    1
4 

5 13 51
 16  2   16  
4 4 4

Ex:22 Find the value of the parameter 'a ' for which the area of the figure bounded by the

abscissa axis, the graph of the function y  x 3  3x 2  x  a and the straight lines, which are

parallel to the axis of ordinates and cut the abscissa axis at the point of extremum of the function, is the
least

Sol: f  x   x 3  3x 2  x  a

6
f '  x   3x 2  6x  1  0  x  1 
3
BR MATHS SYNOPSIS(AREAS)
 6 6
f decreases in  1  , 1  
 3 3 

6 6
Therefore, a  1  , b  1 
3 3

Hence for minimum f  x  cuts the x-axis at

a  b 1  6  6 
c   1     1     1
2 2  3   3  

f  1  1  3  1  a  0

a  1

Ex:23 Find the area of the ellipse x  a cos t, y  bsin t

Sol: The ellipse is a closed curve and is completely described while t varies from 0 to 2 .

We have

x
dy
dt
y
dx
dt
 
 ab cos2 t  sin2 t  ab

Therefore, the required area

1 2  dy dx  1 2

2 0 x
 dt
y  dt  0 abdt   ab
dt  2

Area of some important Curves

S. Point of
Equation of Curves Area of shaded region Shaded region
NO. intersection

i) f  x, y  : ax 2  y  mx B  0, 0  , 1 m3
Area 
 m m2  6 a2
A  , 
 y  ax 2 , y  mx a a 
BR MATHS SYNOPSIS(AREAS)
ii) f  x, y  : y 2  4ax O  0,0  , 8a 3
Area 
 4a 4a  3m3
and y  mx A 2 , 
m m 

iii) x2 y 2 A  a,0  ,B  0,b     2

f  x, y  :  1 Area  ab
a 2 b2 4
x y
 1
a b

x2 y2
 
a 2 b2
x y
1 
a b
iv) Area of parabola A  a, 2a  , 8 2
Area  a
y 2  4ax and its B  a,  2a  3

latusrectum x  a

v) f  x, y  : x 2  y 2  2ax O  0,0  , a) For x  0, y  0

and y 2  ax A  a,a  ,B  a, a  (area of last
quadrant)Area

  2
 a2   
4 3
b) For x  0 (for last and
IVth quadrant)Area

  2
 2a 2   
 4 3
  2
 a2   
 4 3
BR MATHS SYNOPSIS(AREAS)
vi) f  x, y  : x 2  4ay and O  0,0  , 16
Area  ab
 2 1 1 2 3
y 2  4bx A  4a 3 b 3 ,4a 3 b 3 
 
 

vii) y  k cos 3x,  k

As 0  x  Area 
 6 3
0  x 
6 
0  3x 
2

viii) Area bounded by


A b  a,2 ab ,  Area 
8
ab  a  b 
3
y 2  4a  x  a 

B b  a, 2 ab 
y  4b  b  x 
2

ix) Common area bounded 1 Area  Area of PQRS  4 

xy
2 2
by the ellipse a b Area of

x2 y2 1 1 4 a
 2  2 2 and xy
2 2
OLQM  tan1  
2 ab
b a a b a b b

x2 y2 1
2
 2  2 2
a b a b
0ab
x) If ,   0,    , the No point of 
Area  p2 log  
area between the intersection 

hyperbola xy  p2 ,X-
axis and the ordinates
x  , x  
BR MATHS SYNOPSIS(AREAS)

LEARN YOUR SELF

1. Find the positive value of 'a ' for which the parabola y  x 2  1 bisects the area of the

 
rectangle with vertices  0, 0  ,  a, 0  , 0, a 2  1

2. Suppose g  x   2x  1 and h  x   4x 2  4x  5 and h  x    fog  x  . The area

enclosed by the graph of the function y  f  x  and the pair of tangents drawn to it from origin, is

3. The curve y  ax 2  bx  c passes through the point 1, 2 and its tangent at origin is
the line y  x . The area bounded by the curve, the ordinate of the curve at minima and the
tangent line, is

4. The area bounded by the curves y  xe  x , xy  0 and x  C where C is the x-

coordinate of the curves inflection point, is

5. The area of area of the region by the curve y  sin1  sin x  , x   2, 2 is

6. Area of the region bounded by the curves y y  x x  1 and y  x is

  
A) sq. unit B) sq. unit C) sq. unit D)  sq. unit
8 4 2

7. The ratio in which y  3x  1 divides the area of rectangle with vertices

1  1 
 , 0  , 1, 0  , 1, 1  , 1
2  2 

8. The area of the closed figure bounded by x  1, y  0, y  x 2  x  1 and the tangent
to the curve y  x 2  x  1 at 1, 3 

9. The graphs of f  x   x 2 and g  x   cx 3  c  0  intersect at the points  0, 0  and

1 1   1
 , 2  . If the region which lies between these graphs and over the interval  0, 
c
has the
c c  
2
area equal to then the value of 'c '
3
BR MATHS SYNOPSIS(AREAS)

ANSWERS

16 1
1. a 3 2. 3.
3 12

3 2
4. 1  3e 2 5. 6. B
2

7 1
7. 1 : 11 8. 9.
6 2
_______________________________________________________________________________________
___________

KEY NOTES

1. Symmetry about x-axis: If all powers of y in the equation of the given curve are even, then it is
symmetric about x-axis, i.e., the shape of the curve above x-axis is exactly identical to its shape below x-
axis.

e.g., y 2  4ax is symmetric about x-axis

2. Symmetric about y-axis: If all powers of x in the equation of the given curve are even, then it is
symmetric about y-axis

e.g., x 2  4ay is symmetric about y-axis

3. Symmetry in opposite quadrants: If by putting –x for x and y-for y, the equation of curve
remains same, then it is symmetric in opposite quadrants. e.g., xy  c 2

4. Symmetric about the line y  x : If the equation of a given curve remains unaltered by
interchanging x and y, then it is symmetric about the line y  x which passes through the origin and

makes an angle of 45 with positive direction of x-axis. e.g., x 2  y 2  a 2

5. The area bounded by the continuous curve y  f  x  , the axis of x and the ordinates x  a and

x  b (where b  a and f  x   0 x  a,b  ) is given by

b b
A   f  x  dx and A    f  x  dx if f  x   0
a a

6. If the curve cross the x-axis at  c,0  then the are bounded by the curve y  f  x  and the

coordinate x  a x  b  b  a and a  c  b  is given by

BR MATHS SYNOPSIS(AREAS)
b b
A   f  x  dx and A   f  x  dx if f  x   0
a a

b
7. When two curves y  f  x  and y  g  x  intersect, the bounded area A   g  x   f  x   dx
a

where and b are roots of equation f  x   g  x  where g  x   f  x  x  a,b 

8. The are bounded by the straight lines x  a, x  b  a  b  and the curves y  f  x  and

y  g  x  provided f  x  g  x  a  x  b   , is given by

b
A   g  x   f  x   dx
a

9. The area bounded by y  f  x  , and y  g  x  ,a  x  b, when they intersect x  c   a,b 

c
where f  x   g  x  x  a,c  and f  x   g  x  x  c,b is given by A   f  x   g  x   dx or
a

c b

  f  x   g  x   dx    g  x   f  x   dx
a c

Formulae:

2c2
10. The area of rhombus formed by ax  by  c  0 is sq. units.
ab

11. The area of the region bounded by x  y  a is 2a 2 sq. units.

12. The area of the triangle formed by the lines y  m1x  c1, y  m2 x  c2 , y  m3 x  c3 is

1  c1  c2 2
2
 m1  m2
sq. units.

13. The area of the parallelogram formed by

a1x  b1y  c1  0,a1x  b1 y  d1  0,

a 2 x  b2 y  c2  0,a 2 x  b2 y  d2  0 is
 c1  d1   c2  d2 
sq. units
a1b2  a 2b1

14. Area of the region bounded by y  ax 2  bx  c and x-axis is

b 2
 4ac  2
sq. units.
2
6a
BR MATHS SYNOPSIS(AREAS)
3

15. Area of the region bounded by x  ay 2  by  c and y-axis is

 b2  4ac  2
sq. units.
2
6a

3
2
16. The area of the region bounded by y  ax 2  bx  c and y  mx  k is where  is the
6a 2

discriminant of ax 2   b  m  x   c  k 

17. The area of the triangle formed by the tangent and normal at P  x1, y1  and x-axis (m is the slope

1 2 1
of tangent) is y1 m  sq. units.
2 m

18. The area of the triangle formed by the tangent and normal at P  x1, y1  and y-axis (m is the slope

1 2 1
of tangent) is x1 m  sq. units
2 m

x2 y2
19. The area of the ellipse   1 is  ab sq. units.
a 2 b2

20. Area of the region bounded by x 2  y 2  a 2 is  a 2 sq. units

8
21. Area bounded by y 2  4a  x  a  , y 2  4b  b  x  is ab  a  b  sq. units
3

16ab
22. The area between the parabola y 2  4ax and x 2  4by is sq. units
3

16a 2
23. The area between the parabolas y 2  4ax and x 2  4ay is sq. units
3

8a 2
24. The area between the parabola y 2  4ax and the line y  mx is sq. units.
3m3

8a 3
25. The area between the parabola y 2  4ax and its latusrectum is sq. units.
3

a2
26. The area bounded by x  y  a and the co-ordinate axes is sq. units.
6

27. The area enclosed between one are of the cycloid x  a    sin   , y  a 1  cos   and its base

is 3a 2 sq. units.

2 2
 x 3  y 3 3ab
28. The area enclosed by the curve       1 is sq. units.
a b 8
BR MATHS SYNOPSIS(AREAS)
2 2 2
3a 2
29. The area of the asteroid x 3  y 3  a 3 is sq. units.
8

2
30. The area of one arc of the curve y  sin ax and x-axis is square units.
a

2
31. The area of one arc of the curve y  cos ax and x-axis is square units.
a

2n
32. The area of the region bounded by y  sin ax and x-axis in 0,n is sq. units.
a

2n
33. The area of the region bounded by y  cos ax and x-axis in 0,n is sq. units
a

LEARN THE SKILLS

8a 2
1. The area enclosed by y 2  4ax and its latusrectum is sq. units
3

Sol: A rough sketch of the required region is shown in the figure.

There are two symmetric portions in the region

a
2 2
a 3
8
 Area  2 2 a x dx  4 a  x   a 2 sq. units
3  3
0  0

2. The area enclosed between the parabolas y 2  4a  x  a  and y 2  4b  b  x  where

8
0  0, b  0 is  a  b  ab sq. units.
3

Sol: The two curves are symmetric about the x-axis and intersect at P b  a, 2 ab   and


Q b  a,  2 ab 