JMJ Marist Brothers

NOTRE DAME OF MARBEL UNIVERSITY

College of Arts and Sciences
Department of Psychology
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato 9506
Bernie E. Cepillo Jr. Fil Psy (10:30-11:30, Fri) May 02, 2021
AB-PSYC 3

CRITIQUE PAPER
Due: Friday, April 30, 2021 @ 11:59 PM
*Make a three (3) page critique paper on the article I provided for you in this folder. Make sure
you highlight the important points present in the article.

This article expatiated the extent in which the Psychology of the Philippines has been
reflected of the goals of the Sikolohiyang Pilipino. An article devised numerous objectives in
hope to shed light the following: (1) To describe the topography of the research area of
Sikolohiya sa Pilipinas in general, Sikolohiyang Pilipino in particular. Further, this objective
focuses solely on methodological information and routes of indigenization. (2) To identify which
research articles have been published under the banner of Psychology publication which can be
tagged as SP. (3) To describe the trends in Sikolohiyang Pilipino research. (4) Suggest
recommendations and direction for research agenda in Sikolohiyang Pilipino.
First, the Sikolohiyang Pilipino published researches can be can be found in the class of
Sikolohiya sa Pilipinas, beneath this class, a subclasses of a Sikolohiyang may kinalaman sa mga
Pilipino (published research article/journal which incorporates psychological knowledge of
something to do with Filipino), another beneath this subclass are the categories of Sikolohiya ng
mga Pilipino and Sikolohiyang Pilipino, and Sikolohiyang walang kinalaman sa mga Pilipino
(published research article/journal may not have something to do with Pilipino).
A major drawback of Sikolohiyang Pilipino before until in present is “indigenization
crisis”. It cannot deny the fact that SP was delineate antecedent of Western discipline. Western
concepts, frameworks, theories, and methods are being adopted well into SP. According to
Enriquez, indulgence of latter Western discipline in research provokes inaccuracies and
distortions of Filipino images. He also noticed that majority of the studies has been dyed with
business-as-usual-investigation “angat-patong” which mindless usage of Western frameworks,
theories and methods in analyzing Filipino behaviors. Further, he encourages that developing

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 JMJ Marist Brothers
NOTRE DAME OF MARBEL UNIVERSITY
College of Arts and Sciences
Department of Psychology
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato 9506
an indigenous psychology analysis or investigate Filipino social problems that would rely less in
Western perspectives and look into local lenses.
SP research aims to reflect local behaviors and yield results that are locally relevant,
geared toward developing culturally valid theories but culturally valid tools. The following are
the field which highlighted as an area on SP indigenous research, Enriquez proposed;
kamalayan, ulirat, isip, diwa, kalooban, and kaluluwa. Later broadened research goals such as;
emphases on identity and national consciousness, social awareness and involvement,
psychology of language and culture, and applications and bases in fields like health practices,
agriculture, art, mass media, and religion. At the same time, another element has been added
(resolution of national social problems) because of robust and explicit sociopolitical thrust.
The goals of Sikolohiyang Pilipino research is to develop a psychology based on the
experience, ideas, and orientation of both elite and non-elite Filipinos, using methods of
investigation that are culturally sensitive.
This section focuses solely in two analytic frames utilized in assessing the status of SP
research. This are routes in indigenization proposed by Enriquez, and Church & Katigbak an
aspect of indigenization. Enriquez placed more attention from both indigenization from within
and indigenization from without. Indigenization from without or Pagsasakatutubo mula sa
labas, making something banyaga or foreign (framework and method) more meaningful into
local context. Is the process of modifying modifying or contextualizing psychological test into
Philippine Type Version. However, it should be more cautious in case of adoption of foreign
theoretical framework, theories, and methods. Thus, indigenization from within or
pagpapalitaw ng nasa loob, uses the culture as a source in searching for concepts and methods
believed to be more significant to the Filipino and more appropriate in explaining Filipino
behavior and experiences. It involves identification of key concepts, methods and theories.
Further, cultural revalidation of local concepts are subject for katibayan (evidence),
pagpapaibay (confirmation), pagpapatotoo (validation)
Four aspect of indigenization; theoretical and conceptual (development of indigenous
concepts and theoretical concepts), methodological (adaptation or development of instruments

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 JMJ Marist Brothers
NOTRE DAME OF MARBEL UNIVERSITY
College of Arts and Sciences
Department of Psychology
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato 9506
and methods that are culturally appropriate), topical (the extent to which the topics under
study are relevant to the concerns of the society and people), and institutional.
Following the inclusion criteria for selection studies in the research.
Explicitly mentioned its attempt to develop indigenous frameworks, develop indigenous
methods, and address societal needs and problems. According to Bernardo, a careful,
systematic, patient study and investigation of some psychological phenomenon with aims to
understanding, explaining, predicting, and controlling behavior for society benefit. Non-
empirical work such as; commentaries, reactions, reflections, short notes, keynotes addresses,
and introductory text are not included in the analysis. Second, researches made published in
the Philippine Journal of Psychology (PJP) is under the flagship of Psychological studies of the
Filipino people. Third articles should been published in the year between 1977-2008. Last
criteria is that only local psychology researches were taken into consideration.
In identifying researches with SP, 276 articles are there for the past three decades. 9 of
which are SP. Statistics had shown that 96% of the articles (N=264) had may kinalaman sa
Pilipino, 80% (N=219) subjected for cross-tabulations, 16% (N=45) did not meet the criteria.
According to the findings some field are needed for further investigation that could may
appeal as culturally-inappropriate and insensitive. Areas such as Filipino family, developmental
psychology, experimental psychology, educational psychology, industrial/organizational
psychology, and motivation and cognition. In contrast, a popular paradigm is quantitative (73%,
N=63), employed methods such as experimentation, quasi-experimentation, and used of
questionnaires and scales.
This section proposes limitations of the study. First, differentiated studies from SP
articles that those were not Sikolohiya ng mga Pilipino, furtherly suggested that subsequent
investigation to the extent of the framework and utility of reliability. Second, there are non-
inclusion period addressed by PJP which might offer a substantial momentum to the rise of a
movement. Third, research abstracts comprise of dataset’s, however, abstract has put into
limitation when missing information cannot be encoded into the reference. Lastly, only articles
founded in the flagship journal were analyzed.

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 JMJ Marist Brothers
NOTRE DAME OF MARBEL UNIVERSITY
College of Arts and Sciences
Department of Psychology
City of Koronadal, South Cotabato 9506

This paper furtherly expounded some recommendations for future guidelines. First,
localized Western frameworks, theories, and methods to make more meaningful to the Filipino
context. Second, identified and elaborate local and relevant concepts while attempting to
address social issues.
Trends in SP studies includes, preference for recruiting participants outside the
university. Second, inclination of using a local frame of reference, and yield results that are
locally relevant.
The research agenda are indigenous theory building, specifically the Kapwa model of
values are much more in need of revisiting, reviewing, and rebuilding. Develop indigenous
instrument and indigenous research methods.
Trends and Impact of SP research suggested are; searches into the influences across
areas of indigenization, later it could be as used in systematically programming to steps to
further development. Second, more contextualized approach in studying trends should also be
encourage. Lastly, observations and trends noted in this study would be supported or refunded
with a broader sample of studies.

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