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‫ﺍﻹﳊﺎﺩ ﻳﺴﻤﻢ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻲء‬
Atheism Poisons
Everything

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i1g http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/183374/electron.
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i1g C.S. Lewis ,Surprised by Joy: The Shape of My Early Life.


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i1gThe universe we observe has precisely the properties we should expect if there is, at
bottom no design, no purpose, no evil and no good, nothing but blind, pitiless
indifference River out of Eden, p.131-132.

i2gVideo Source: The Shores of the Cosmic Ocean [Episode 1©

Some part of our being knows this is where we came from. We long to return.
And we can. Because the cosmos is also within us. We're made of star-stuff. We
are a way for the cosmos to know itself. 06 min 04 sec.
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i1gIt is pretty hard to defend absolute morals on grounds other than religious ones* The
god Delusion, p.232.
i2g What's to prevent us from saying Hitler wasn’t right? I mean that is a genuinely
difficult question.
http://byfaithonline.com/richard-dawkins-the-atheist-evangelist®
i3g Your belief that rape is wrong is an arbitrary conclusion* From an interview with
Justin Brierley of "unbelievable"

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i1g Free Will. P.5.

i2g DNA neither cares nor knows. DNA just is. And we dance to its music* River out

Of Eden, p.133.

* : ,


  iªg

i4g there is today no way of ‘proving’ that napalming babies is bad Economic Analysis

of Law: Some Realism about Nominalism (1974), p.454.


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i1g Michael Friedman, Reconsidering Logical Positivism (New York: Cambridge


University Press, 1999) P.xiv.

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i1g "I saw a Divine Being. I'm afraid I'm going to have to revise all my books and
opinions"*
http://variousenthusiasms.wordpress.com/2009/04/28/did-atheist-philosopher-see-
god-when-he-died-by-william-cash®
*i½¾−h½g :Q” ,Q#P  A7O iŸg
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i1g http://www.princeton.edu/ ~achaney/tmve/ wiki100k/ docs/ Post -


structuralism.html.
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i1g Commenting on this quotation, Denis Duveen, an English expert on Lavoiser and a
collector of his works, wrote that "it is pretty certain that it was never uttered". For
Duveen's evidence, see the following: Duveen, Denis I. (February 1954).
"Antoine Laurent Lavoisier and the French Revolution". Journal of Chemical
Education 31 (2): 60–65.
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i1g Loren R. Graham (1993). Science in Russia and the Soviet Union: A Short History.
Cambridge University Press. p. 130*
i2g died imprisoned and suffering from dystrophia (faulty nutrition of muscles, leading to
paralysis), in the Saratov prison*
http://www.splendidtable.org/story/how-nikolay-vavilov-the-seed-collector-who-tried-
to-end-famine-died-of-starvation
i3g http://biodiversity.ucoz.ru/index/genetic_ resources _of_ leguminous _plants
_in_the_n_i_vavilov _institute _of_ plant _industry /0-10

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i1g Free Will. P.5 .


i2g hps.elte.hu/~szegedi/cikkek/coldw.doc*
i3g Feigon, Lee (2002). Mao: A Reinterpretation. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee*
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i1g http://necrometrics.com/20c5m.htm#Mao *
i2g "People who try to commit suicide — don't attempt to save them! . . . China is such a
populous nation, it is not as if we cannot do without a few people"* MacFarquhar
2006, p. 110*
i3g "Don't say it is wrong of them to beat up bad persons: if in anger they beat someone
to death, then so be it"*
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xie_Fuzhi
MacFarquhar 2006, p. 125.

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i1g During a speech to party cadre in 1958, Mao said he had far outdone Qin Shi Huang
in his policy against intellectuals: "He buried 460 scholars alive; we have buried
forty-six thousand scholars alive ... You [intellectuals] revile us for being Qin Shi
Huangs. You are wrong. We have surpassed Qin Shi Huang a hundredfold*
Mao Zedong sixiang wan sui! (1969), p. 195. Referenced in Governing China: From
Revolution to Reform (Second Edition) by Kenneth Lieberthal. W.W. Norton & Co., 2003.
p. 71*
i2g MacFarquhar 2006, p. 124.
i3g "People who they perceived as intellectuals or even those who had stereotypical
signs of learning, such as glasses, would also be killed".
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khmer_Rouge#Life_under_the_Khmer_Rouge.
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i1g www.paulbogdanor.com/left/cambodia/locard.pdf.
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i1g Craig Etcheson, After the Killing Fields (Praeger, 2005), p. 119.
i2g www.paulbogdanor.com/left/cambodia/locard.pdf.
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i1g "To keep you is no benefit, to destroy you is no loss".


Children of Cambodia's Killing Fields, Worms from Our Skin. Teeda Butt Mam.
Memoirs compiled by Dith Pran. 1997.
i2g http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_Fields.
i3g UNICEF estimated 3 million had been killed*
William Shawcross, The Quality of Mercy: Cambodia, Holocaust, and Modern
Conscience (Touchstone, 1985), pp. 115–116.
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i1g http://www.edwebproject.org/sideshow/ khmeryears/fall. html*


i2g http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phnom_Malai*
i3g In Shanghai, suicide by jumping from tall buildings became so commonplace that
residents avoided walking on the pavement near skyscrapers for fear that suicides
might land on them Time. March 5, 1956.
i4g http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/NOTE2.HTM.
Modern China: The Fall and Rise of a Great Power, 1850 to the Present. Ecco Press.
p. 351.
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i1g Spence, Jonathan (1999). Mao Zedong. Penguin Lives.


i2g http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Chinese_Famine.
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i1g "When there is not enough to eat, people starve to death. It is better to let half of the
people die so that the other half can eat their fill.
Becker, Jasper (1998). Hungry Ghosts: Mao's Secret Famine
i2g Becker, Jasper (1998). Hungry Ghosts: Mao's Secret Famine, p.81.
i3g Becker, Jasper (1998). Hungry Ghosts: Mao's Secret Famine, p.93.
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i1g http://www.unitedhumanrights.org/genocide/ukraine_famine.htm.
i2g http://eng.maidanua.org/node/792.
http://www.paulbogdanor.com/left/soviet/famine/ellman1933.pdf.
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i1ghttp://www.kyivpost.com/content/kyiv/kyiv-court-accuses-stalin-leadership-of-
organizing-56954.html.
i2gConquest, Robert (1991) the Great Terror: A Reassessment, Oxford University
Press.
*iʽg Q” :A"> A7O iªg
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i1g Wayne C. Thompson (2007). Nordic, Central, and Southeastern Europe. Stryker-Post
Publications.
i2g Lenin said: "we must precisely now smash the Black Hundreds clergy most
decisively and ruthlessly and put down all resistance with such brutality that they
will not forget it for several decades".
=

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He also said: "At this meeting pass a secret resolution of the congress that the
removal of property of value, especially from the very richest lauras, monasteries,
and churches, must be carried out with ruthless resolution, leaving nothing in
doubt, and in the very shortest time. The greater the number of representatives of
the reactionary clergy and the reactionary bourgeoisie that we succeed in shooting
on this occasion, the better".
Source: letters from Lenin.
http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/archives/ae2bkhun.html.
i1g Donald Rayfield, Stalin and His Hangmen: The Tyrant and Those Who Killed for
Him. Random House, 2004.
i2g Stewart-Smith, D. G. The Defeat Of Communism. London: Ludgate Press Limited,
1964.
http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/USSR.TAB2A.GIF.
i3g Pipes, Richard (2001). Communism: A History. Modern Library Chronicles. p. 66.
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i1g http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/League_of_Militant_Atheists.
i2g China and Charles Darwin, James Revee Rusey p.456.
i3g Some propositions are so dangerous that it may even be ethical to kill people for
believing them. The End of Faith, p.52
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i1g Montefiore 2007, p. 77. Jughashvili's complicity is implied in the memoirs of Constantine
Kandelaki, a Social-Democrat and colleague of Jughashvili in Batumi at the time.
i2g The murder weapon was a hidden cut-down ice axe, not an ice pick Many history
and reference books have confused the two Robert Conquest, The Great Terror: A
Reassessment, Oxford University Press, 1991, p. 418.
i3g http://www.archontology.org/nations/rus/rus_govt1/rykov.php.
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i1g The Unknown Stalin, I.B. Tauris, 2006, chapter 14, p. 296.
i2g http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Bukharin.
i3g http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grigory_Zinoviev.
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i2g The snake said he was dedicated to the Motherland and Comrade Stalin. He asked
for clemency.
Stalin: Court of the Red Tsar, page 225
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i1g When carefully examined the point of conflict between the Stalin and Trotsky
groups turns on the theoretical question of whether Theory can be built
completely in one land, and that a backward one like Russia, without any help
from revolution in other countries. The older view, still held by Trotsky,
maintains that more than Russia must be won for the revolution it Socialism is to
be a complete success. The newer view, now held by the vast majority of Russian
Communists, is that they can do the whole job alone—if they have no foreign war
in the meantime.
https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/strong-anna-
louise/1925/12/stalin_vs_trotsky.htm.
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i1g http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trotskyism.
i2g http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/NOTE2.HTM.
Modern China: The Fall and Rise of a Great Power, 1850 to the Present. Ecco
Press. p. 351.
i3g Ion Mihai Pacepa (November 28, 2006). "The Kremlin's Killing Ways".
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i1g it would not matter if China lost 300 million people in a nuclear war: the other half
of the population would survive to ensure victory".
Jasper Becker (2002). The Chinese. Oxford UP. p. 271
i2g http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gang_of_Four.
i3g Michael Lynch. Mao (Routledge Historical Biographies). Routledge, 2004. p. 230.
i4g Richard Weikart, from Darwin to Hitler, p.215.

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without trial who executed Q<e² I # b85 4M !@ 3x "man
*i´g idozens)

i1g I ended the problem giving him a shot with a .32 pistol in the right side of the brain,
with exit orifice in the right temporal [lobe].
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eutimio_Guerra
Anderson, Jon Lee (1997). Che Guevara: A Revolutionary Life. New York: Grove
Press, p.273.
i2g "The executions by firing squads are not only a necessity for the people of Cuba, but also an
imposition of the people".
Anderson, Jon Lee (1997). Che Guevara: A Revolutionary Life. New York: Grove
Press, p.375.
i3g Behind Che Guevara's mask, the cold executioner
Times Online, September 16, 2007.
i4g The Legacy of Che Guevara – a PBS online forum with author Jon Lee Anderson,
November 20, 1997.
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i1g http://www. freedomcollection .org/interviews /carlos _alberto_ montaner /?vidid=343.


Short interview on Che Guevara with Carlos Alberto Montaner for the Freedom
Collection
i2g http://www.independent.org/newsroom/article.asp?id=1535.
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i1g http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrarian_Reform_Laws_of_Cuba.
i2g" we can't liberate by ourselves a country that does not want to fight". "This is the
history of a failure".
http://www.theguardian.com/books/2000/aug/12/cuba.artsandhumanities.
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i1g There were no clergy at the ceremony because Milosevic was an avowed atheist*
http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/milosevic-buried-in-quiet-ceremony-in-his-hometown-
1.571728* CBC. 18 March 2006.
i2g http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/1672414.stm*
i3ghttp://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,983190-2,00.html.
"Bosnia and Herzegovina was illegally proclaimed as an independent state and
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appointed his horse as a Senator".
i1g Ramet, Sabrina P. (2006). The Three Yugoslavias: State-Building and Legitimation,
1918–2005. p. 351.
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i3g LeBor, Adam (2004). Milosevic: A Biography. p.138*
i4g http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srebrenica_Children_Massacre*
http://www.icty.org/x/cases/oric/trans/en/050713ED.htm*
i5ghttp://www.lifesitenews.com/news/princeton-professor-singer-and-i-repeat-i-would-
kill-disabled-infants*
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i1g http://biography.yourdictionary.com/ratko-mladic.
i2g http://www.potocarimc.ba/_ba/liste/nestali_a.php*
i3g http://www.icty.org/#IIA6.

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i1ghttp://www.icty.org/x/cases/krstic/acjug/en/krs-aj040419e.pdf.
i2g www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2005/sgsm9993.doc.htm*
i3ghttp://www.un.org/press/en/2005/sgsm9993.doc.htm*
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i1ghttp://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/jul/01/warcrimes.balkans*
i2g"Power Through Hatred: Slobodan Milosevic". LIFE. 5 December 2010.
i3g”Milošević organized everything. We gathered the volunteers and he gaves us a
special barracks, Bubanj Potok, all our uniforms, arms, military technology and
buses. All our units were always under the command of the Krajina [Serb army]
or [Bosnian] Republika Srpska Army or the JNA. Of course I don't believe he
signed anything, these were verbal orders. None of our talks was taped and I never
took a paper and pencil when I talked with him. His key people were the
commanders. Nothing could happen on the Serbian side without Milošević's order
or his knowledge”.
LeBor, Adam (2004). Milosevic: A Biography. p.191*
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i2g Sloan, D. (2012) Atheism as a Stealth Religion; Hoff-post, Posted 12/14/07.
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i1g https://www.justgiving.com/atheistbus®.
i2g ibid,.
i3g http://www.abc.net.au/news/2008-11-26/atheists-snubbed-in-ad-knock-
back/220036.
i4g Colleagues come back at me. Why are you so hostile? Isn't it all just harmless
nonsense? P.281.
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i1g Richard Dawkins is absolute disaster, we are losing this battle, it is just plain silly
and grotesquely immoral to claim that Christianity is simply a force for evil.
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i2g The god Delusion made me ashamed to be an atheist. Thus, like a first-year
undergraduate, he can happily go around asking loudly, "what caused god?" as
though he had made some momentous philosoohical discovery Dawkins et al
bring us into disrepute.
i3g http://fritanke.no/index.php?page=vis_nyhet&NyhetID=8484.
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i2g The Unity of the Universe, N.Y., Doubleday, Dennis William Sciama, introduction.
i3g Henry Margentau, Roy A. Vargesse. Cosmos, Bios, Theos. La Salle Il: Open Court
Publishing, 1992, 241.

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i1g The universe we observe has ... no evil and no good River out of Eden, p.131-132.
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i1g Today as we leave the 20th century, we still face the BIGGEST PROBLEM that we
had when we entered the 20th century : how did life originate on earth source: Jeffrey
Bada, Earth, February 1998, p.40.
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Is evidently nonsense of a high orderi2g.
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i1g the chance of obtaining the required set of enzymes for even the simplest living cell
without panspermia was one in 1040,000. Since the number of atoms in the known
universe is infinitesimally tiny by comparison (1080).
i2g The notion that not only the biopolymer but the operating program of a living cell could
be arrived at by chance in a primordial organic soup here on the Earth is evidently nonsense
of a high order*Sir Fredrick Hoyle and Chandra Wickramasinghe, Evolution from Space
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 1984), p. 148.
i3ghttp://www.uncommondescent.com/intelligent-design/fred-hoyle-an-atheist-for-id®.
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i1g Hoyle, Fred, Evolution from Space, Omni Lecture, Royal Institution, London, 12
January 1982; Evolution from Space (1982) pp. 27–28.
i2ghttps://web.archive.org/web/20080420082802/http://www.slate.com/id/2189178/entr
y/2189179/.
i3ghttp://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/2024776?uid=3737928&uid=2&uid=4&sid=
21104849695011.
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iLife Itself: Its Origin and Nature Ü 3# >o šŒ{1 3?1 A ) Û)i1g.

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i1g Crick, F. H. C. and Orgel, L. E., 1973, Icarus, 19, 341.


i2g Habermas, Gary R. (9 December 2004), "My Pilgrimage from Atheism to Theism:
An Exclusive Interview with Former British Atheist Professor Antony Flew".
i3g The philosophical question that has not been answered in origin-of-life studies is
this: How can a universe of mindless matter produce beings with intrinsic ends,
self-replication capabilities, and 'coded chemistry'? Here we are not dealing with
biology, but an entirely different category of problem".
There is a God: How the World's Most Notorious Atheist Changed His Mind,
New York: Harper One, p. 124.

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i1g "If a particular amino acid sequence was selected by chance, how rare an event
would this be?
"This is an easy exercise in combinatorials. Suppose the chain is about two hundred
amino acids long; this is, if anything rather less than the average length of proteins of all
types. Since we have just twenty possibilities at each place, the number of possibilities
is twenty multiplied by itself some two hundred times. This is conveniently written
20200 and is approximately equal to 10260, that is, a one followed by 260 zeros *
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we considered longer ones as well, the figure would have been even more immense. The
great majority of sequences can never have been synthesized at all, at any time." pp. 51-
52 *
"An honest man, armed with all the knowledge available to us now, could only state that
in some sense, the origin of life appears at the moment to be almost a miracle, so many
are the conditions which would have had to have been satisfied to get it going"* Life
Itself: Its Origin and Nature, P.88.
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i1g http://www.ideacenter.org/contentmgr/showdetails.php/id/849.
i2g http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9M_ZF8r5e7w.
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i1g Crick, F. H. C. and Orgel, L. E., 1973, Icarus, 19, 341.


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i1g Denton describes himself as an agnostic, and his book was released by a secular
publishing house.
Evolution in the Antipodes: Charles Darwin and Australia, Tom Frame, p.291*
i2g Denton, M. (1985) Evolution: A Theory in Crisis, Adler & Adler
iÅÄ ,S_L 7  ,A ) G <k_ Ke Q8" g
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i4g Theory in Crisis, p.290-291.
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i2g Berkeley’s Radical: An Interview with Phillip E. Johnson, Touchstone Magazine,
2002.
i3gThe Evolution of a Skeptic: An Interview with Dr. Michael Behe, biochemist and
author of recent best-seller, Darwin's Black Box, 1996.
i4ghttp://www.amazon.com/Darwins-Black-Box-Biochemical-
Challenge/dp/0743290313.
i5g Wiley, E.O. (1992) the Evolutionary Species Concept Reconsidered, p.79
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i1g Provine, W.B. (2001) the Origins of Theoretical Population Genetics, p.199.
i2g Fodor, J. & Piattelli Palmarini, M. (2011) What Darwin Got Wrong, p.15 i Q8" 
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i3g http://www.evolutionnews.org/2012/02/intelligent_des056221.html*
i4g http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v431/n7005/full/431114a.html*
i5g www.biologicinstitute.org*

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i1g www.evoinfo.org*
i2ghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligent_Design_and_Evolution_Awareness_Center*
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i1g W. R. Bird, the Origin of Species, p.305*


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i1g http://www.brooklyn.cuny.edu/bc/ahp/BioInfo/MUT/Mut.Definition.html*
i2g Michael J. Behe, Darwin’s Black Box.
i3g ibid,*
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i1ghttp://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/dna-replication-and-causes-of-mutation-
409*
i2ghttp://www.exploratorium.edu/exhibits/mutant_flies/mutant_flies.html*
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i1ghttp://www.darwinismrefuted.com/natural_history_2_12.html*


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i1g Everybody is by now familiar with the fossil gaps. Contrary to a great number of
biologists’ expectations starting with Darwin, the fossil gaps have never filled up
with the thousands upon thousands of predicted intermediates. The vast majority
of the gaps are real; about this there is no doubt. So what do they signify? What
do they prove*
Neo-Darwinists, and the majority of biologists, fall into a dogmatic worldview
insisting that the fossil gaps mean nothing. They are sold on a promissory
evolutionism—faithfully believing that eventually the gaps will fill up*
http://www.amitgoswami.org/2014/11/05/darwins-mistake®
i2g "I fully agree with your comments on the lack of direct illustration of evolutionary
transitions in my book. If I knew of any, fossil or living, I would certainly have included
them. . .I will lay it on the line, There is not one such fossil for which one might make a
watertight argument."
—Colin Patterson, (Creation Science Foundation, Revised Quote Book, 1990)*
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i1g http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OMw3OzQfVvI*
*١١٦‫ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﺹ‬،‫ﻣﺆﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ‬.‫ ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﺩ‬،‫ﺟﻮﻧﺎﺛﺎﻥ ﻭﻳﻠﺰ‬.‫ﻭﻳﻠﻴﺎﻡ ﺩﳝﺒﺴﻜﻲ ﻭﺩ‬.‫ ﺩ‬،‫ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ‬iŸg

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i1g Henry Gee, In Search of Deep Time, p.116 i١٣٥‫ ﺹ‬.‫ ﺱ‬.‫ﻡ‬g*
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i1ghttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/10/061013104633.htm*

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i2g C. Pellicciari, D. Formenti, e. A. Redi, and M. G. Mandfredi Romanini, DNA
Content Variability in Primates, Journal of Human Evolution 11, p.131-141*
.٣٢‫ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﺹ‬،‫ﻣﺆﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ‬.‫ ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﺩ‬،‫ﺟﻮﻧﺎﺛﺎﻥ ﻭﻳﻠﺰ‬.‫ﻭﻳﻠﻴﺎﻡ ﺩﳝﺒﺴﻜﻲ ﻭﺩ‬.‫ ﺩ‬،‫ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ‬iªg
i4g Sibley and Ahlquist, Journal of Molecular Evolution, vol. 26, pp. 99-121*
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‫ ﲢﺖ ﻗﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﺎﱂ‬٢٠٠١ ‫ ﻭﰎ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻋﺎﻡ‬١٩٩٠ ‫ ﻋﺎﻡ‬Human Genome Project ‫ ﺑﺪﺃ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﳉﻴﻨﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ‬ihg
‫ ﻭﰲ ﺃﺛﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺗﺮﻙ ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻴﺲ ﻛﻮﻟﻴﱰ ﺍﻹﳊﺎﺩ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺄﻣﻞ‬،Francis Collins ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﲑ ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻴﺲ ﻛﻮﻟﻴﱰ‬
.‫ﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻳﻌﻪ ﻭﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﺸﻔﲑ ﺍﻟﻮﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﺍﳊﻴﻮﻳﺔ ﲟﻨﺘﻬﻰ ﺍﻟﻀﺒﻂ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻗﺔ‬‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﳋﻠﻖ ﺍﻹﳍﻲ ﰲ ﲡﻠﹼﻴﺎ‬
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Genome_Project
.The Language of God ‫ﺔ ﻻﺣﻘﺔ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻴﺲ ﻛﻮﻟﻴﱰ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﻟﻐﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻭﰲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠ‬
‫ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺃﻥ ﰎ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﳉﻴﻨﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻱ ﻭﲢﺪﺙ ﻋﻦ‬٢٠٠١ ‫ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﻋﺎﻡ‬Gene Myers ‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﺧﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﲑ ﻣﺎﻳﺮﺯ‬
San Francisco ‫ﻞ‬‫ـﺎ ﻭﻧﺸﺮﺕ ﺟﺮﻳﺪﺓ ﺳﺎﻥ ﻓﺮﻧﺴﻴﺴﻜﻮ ﻛﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜ‬ ً ‫ﺍﳌﻴﺘﺎﻓﻴﺰﻳﻘﻴـﺎ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲣﺘﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﻋﻦ ﲦﺔ ﺧﺎﻟﻖ ﻻﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﻩ ﺣﺘﻤ‬
: ‫ﺻﺒﻴﺤﺔ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﲢﺖ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬Chronicle
Human Genome Map Has Scientists Talking About the Divine
!!.. ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﺍﳉﻴﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﻳﺘﺤﺪﺛﻮﻥ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳋﺎﻟﻖ‬
http://www.sfgate.com/business/article/Human-Genome-Map-Has-Scientists-Talking-
About-the-2950445.php

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i2g Comparing the human and chimpanzee genomes: Searching for needles in a
haystack
http://genome.cshlp.org/content/15/12/1746.full*
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i1g New Scientist, v. 103, 16 August 1984, p. 19*


i2g Hürriyet daily, 24 February 2000*
i3g http://www.nature.com /nature /journal/ v420/ n6915/ full/ 420509 a.html.
i4g http://seriousfacts.com/50-of-human-dna-is-the-same-as-a-bananas/*

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i2g Henry Gee, In Search of Deep Time, New York, The Free Press, 1999, p.116-117*
i3g John R. Durant, "The Myth of Human Evolution", New Universities Quarterly 35*
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.‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻫﻮ ﻛﺎﺋﻦ ﺣﻲ ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻟﻠﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻷﻭﻝ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻛﻞ ﺑﻀﻌﺔ ﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ‬
i2g CAlan Linton, Scant Search for the Marker, the Timer Higher Supplement (April
20.2001) Book Section 29*
.(١٥٢-١٥١‫ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﺹ‬،‫ﻣﺆﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ‬.‫ ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﺩ‬،‫ﺟﻮﻧﺎﺛﺎﻥ ﻭﻳﻠﺰ‬.‫ﻭﻳﻠﻴﺎﻡ ﺩﳝﺒﺴﻜﻲ ﻭﺩ‬.‫ ﺩ‬،‫)ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ‬

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i1g Lynn Margulis and Dorion Sagan, Acquiring Genomes: A Theory of the Origins of
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.‫ ﺑﺘﺼﺮﻑ‬١٥٦-١٥٥‫ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﺹ‬،‫ﻣﺆﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ‬.‫ ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﺩ‬،‫ﺟﻮﻧﺎﺛﺎﻥ ﻭﻳﻠﺰ‬.‫ﻭﻳﻠﻴﺎﻡ ﺩﳝﺒﺴﻜﻲ ﻭﺩ‬.‫ ﺩ‬،‫ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ‬iŸg
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i1g Bjِrkholm, B., I. Nagaev, O.G. Berg, D. Hughes, and D.I. Andersson. 2000. Effects
of environment on compensatory mutations to ameliorate costs of antibiotic
resistance. Science 287:1479-1482*
(‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻨﺘﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺣﻴﺪ‬-‫ﺃﺧﺼﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺪﻳﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﺓ ﲟﻌﻬﺪ ﻧﺎﺻﺮ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﻮﺙ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻼﺝ‬- ‫)ﻣﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻝ ﻟﻠﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﻫﺸﺎﻡ ﻋﺰﻣﻲ‬

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i1g http://jid.oxfordjournals.org/content/184/6/770.long *
(2) Michael J. Behe, Darwin’s Black Box.
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i1g Scott F. Gilbert, John M. Opitz, Rudolf A. Raff, Resynthesizing Evolutionary and
Developmental Biology , Developmental Biology Magazine, Vol173, P.357-372*
i2g http://www.sciencemag.org/content/210/4472/883.extract*

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i1g http://en .wikipedia. org/wiki/Newton%27s _law_of_ universal_ gravitation*


i2g http://www.space.com/17661-theory-general-relativity.html*
i3g http://www.stat.berkeley.edu/~peres/bmbook.pdf*
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i1g From a presentation by Gareth Nelson in 1969 to the American Museum of Natural
History, quoted in David M. Williams and Maire C. Ebach, "The Reform of
Palaeontology and the Rise of Biogeography- 25 Years after 'Omogeny, Phylogeny,
Palaeontology and the Biogenetic Law' (Nelson, 1978)," Journal of Biogeography31
(2004): 709*
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i1g http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC509264/*

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i1g http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_echolocation*
i2ghttp://www.thehatchreport.com/information/african-north-american-
porcupines.html*
.١٧٤‫ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﺹ‬،‫ﻣﺆﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺴﻦ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ‬.‫ ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﺩ‬،‫ﺟﻮﻧﺎﺛﺎﻥ ﻭﻳﻠﺰ‬.‫ﻭﻳﻠﻴﺎﻡ ﺩﳝﺒﺴﻜﻲ ﻭﺩ‬.‫ ﺩ‬،‫ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ‬iªg
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i1g Carl Woese, "On the Evolution of Cells," Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences USA 99 (2002): 8742-8747*
i2g Carl R. Woese, "A New Biology for a New Century," Microbiology and Molecular
Biology Reviews 68 (2004): 173-186 i١٨٦‫ ﺹ‬.‫ﺱ‬.‫ﻡ‬g*


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i1g http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/03/4/l_034 _ 02 .html*


i2g Gerald Schroeder, "Evolution: Rationality vs. Randomness
http://www.geraldschroeder.com/evolution.htm *
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i1g Trends in Genetics magazine, Volume Feb, 1999*


i2ghttp://www.bbc.co.uk/science/earth/earth_timeline /cambrian _explosion*
.٥٨-٥٧‫ ﺹ‬،‫ ﻭﻝ ﺳﺘﺮﻭﺑﻞ‬،‫ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﻟﻖ‬iªg

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i1g Denton, M. (1985) Evolution: A Theory in Crisis, p.191*


i2g If numerous species, belonging to the same genera or families, have really started
into life all at once, the fact would be fatal to the theory of descent with slow
modification through natural selection*
On the Origin of Species, chapter9, p.302
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i1g With out gradualness, we are back to a miracle River out of Eden (1995) p.83 *

.‫ ﻃﺒﻘﹰﺎ ﳊﺴﺎﺏ ﻋﺎﱂ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟﻴﺎ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻲ ﺟﻮﻧﺎﺛﺎﻥ ﻭﻳﻠﺰ‬iŸg


Video source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E10JwiELDo0
i3g Nature takes no sudden leaps On the Origin of Species, p.156*
i4g Darwin’s tree is a reverse cone shape. Very unexpectedly, our research is
convincing us that major phyla is starting down below at the beginning of the
Cambrian. The base is wide and gradually narrows. This is almost turned a
different way*
http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/news/854288/posts.

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!‫داوﻛﻴﻨﺰ ذﻟﻚ‬
‫ أو ﻟﻨﺘﺮك اﻟﺴﺠﻼت‬،-‫إذن ﻓﻠﻨﻌﺘﺮف ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻌﺠﺰة –اﻟﺨﻠﻖ اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬
.‫اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﺑﺪ‬

i1g Zhou Qui Gin, a senior research fellow at the site, says (translated), “I do not
believe that animals developed gradually from the bottom up. I think the animals
suddenly appeared. Among the Chengyiang animals we have found 136 different
kinds of animals. And they represent diversity in the level of phyla and classes. So
they sudden appearance makes them very special.”
Ibid, *
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.٤٢ ‫ ﺍﻟﻠﻘﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺟﺮﺗﻪ ﻗﻨﺎﺓ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﺮﺓ ﺍﳒﻠﻴﺰﻱ ﻣﻊ ﺭﻳﺘﺸﺎﺭﺩ ﺩﺍﻭﻛﻴﱰ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ‬ihg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PAe8DePq-48*
i2g Selfish Gene, p.2, 3*
i3g It is pretty hard to defend absolute morals on grounds other than religious ones.

The god Delusion, p.232*



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i1g Proctor, Robert N. (1988)

Racial Hygiene: Medicine under the Nazis, p.191*


i2g http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_T4*

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i1g Bullock wrote that Hitler was a rationalist and materialist, who saw Christianity as a
religion "fit for slaves", and against the natural law of selection and survival of the
fittest.

Alan Bullock; Hitler, a Study in Tyranny; HarperPerennial Edition 1991; p219*


i2g Richard J. Evans; the Third Reich at War; Penguin Press; New York 2009, p. 547*
i3g Martin, James J. Hill, pp 414*
i4g Williams, Raymond. 2000. Social Darwinism. In Herbert Spencer's Critical
Assessment. John Offer*
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i1g Social Status, p.414-415*


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‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴـﺎﻧﻴـﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﲑ ﺻﻤﻮﺋﻴﻞ ﻣﻮﺭﺗﻦ ‪ Samuel Morton‬ﻭﺃﲝﺎﺙ ﻟﻮﻳﺲ ﺃﺟﺎﺳﻲ ‪ Louis Agassiz‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺾ ﻟﻴﺴﻮﺍ ﺳﻔﺎﺣﲔ ﺣﲔ ﺃﺑﺎﺩﻭﺍ ﺍﳍﻨﻮﺩ ﺍﳊﻤﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻬﻢ ﻳﺘﺒﻌﻮﻥ ﻗﻀﻴﺔ ﺣﺘﻤﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺗﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻷﻋﺮﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﺬﻩ ﻫﻲ ﺣﺘﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺣﺪﻳﺜﺎ ﻇﻬﺮ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻗﻮﺱ ﺍﳉﺮﺱ ‪ Bell Curve‬ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﻣﺒﻴ ‪‬ﻌﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﻌﻴﻨـﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﺤﺪﺙ ﻋﻦ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻻ ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺓ‬
‫ـﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺾ ﻭﻻﺑﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺇﻧﻔﺎﻕ ﺍﳌـﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺃﹸﻣـﻮﺭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫ﻼ ﻭﺃﻓﻘﺮ ﺫﻫﻨ ً‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩ ﺃﻭ ﲢﺼﻴﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﺍﺽ‪ ،‬ﻷ‪‬ﻢ ﺃﺿﻌﻒ ﻋﻘ ﹰ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺓ ‪.‬‬

‫‪http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bell_Curve‬‬
‫‪ iŸg‬ﻧﻮﻗﺸﺖ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ ﰲ ﻣﻘﺎ ﹴﻝ ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ "ﺣﺪﺍﺋﻖ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ" ﻭﳌﻦ ﺃﺭﺍﺩ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺰﺍﺩﺓ‪:‬‬
‫‪https://www.popularresistance.org/deep-racism-the-forgotten-history-of-human-zoos/‬‬
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http://www.rae.org/pdf/dsod_apb.pdf
Love, R., Darwinism and feminism: “The ‘women question’ in The Life and Work
of Olive Schreinr and Charlotte Perkins Gilman,” in Oldroyd and Langham, Eds.,
The Wider Domain of Evolutionary Thought, D:Reidel, Holland, pp. 113–131,
1983.
i2g Gould, The Mismeasure of Man, p.105*
i3g Gilmore, D., Misogyny: The Male Malady, University of Pennsylvania Press,
Philadelphia, p. 125, 2001.*
i4g an object to be beloved and played with, better than a dog anyhow.

Charles Darwin, The Autobiography of Charles Darwin 1809-1882, New York


pp. 232-233*

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‫ ﻋﻠﻴﻨـﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻧﻨﺴﻰ ﻗﻠﻴ ﹰ‬... ‫ "ﺍﳊﺮﺏ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﺔ‬:‫ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‬
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‫ "ﺍﳊﺮﺏ‬:‫ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺟﻨﺮﺍﻻﺕ ﺍﳊﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻓﻘﺪ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻳﻘﻮﻝ‬Frederick Vorbernard ‫ﺃﻣﺎ ﻓﺮﻳﺪﺭﻳﻚ ﻓﻮﺭﺑﺮﻧﺎﺭﺩ‬
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i1g http://www.nhm.ac.uk/nature-online/life/plants-fungi/bee-orchids/*
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#9 I?1 !#¹ l MB" :Nick Herbert 9B w1 ^3{ Y(;  "
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- the Grand Design G W# G <k 3ul 9e - › eB  O Se 8P
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The idea that the universe does not have a unique observer-
independent history might seem to conflict with certain facts we
know, that might sound like science fiction, but it isn’t*
"* # k 4M B ¸7 R  ,8z | ¸7 … k1 Ç t1" :U5
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creating us “*
*"" " - Í  R  m8z1   S?tx ¸7 8<#" :P
” The histories that contribute to the Feynman sum don’t have
an independent existence, but depend on what is being measured.
We create history by our observation, rather than history creating
us. The idea that the universe does not have a unique observer-

i1g Nick Herbert, "How Large is Starlight? A Brief Look at Quantum Reality,"
Revision 10, no. 1 (Summer 1987), pp. 31-35*
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independent history might seem to conflict with certain facts we


know "*
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the geometry of the universe is flat, like a sheet of paperOi2g
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i2g http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/universe/uni_shape.html.
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i1g Because there is a law such as gravity, the universe can and will create itself from
nothing.
=

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Stephen Hawking and Leonard Mlodinow, The Grand Design, 2010.
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[k  c - …<¥ I1P" :C.S. Lewis R [ +e 48 l LV "
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"laws of nature produce no events: they state the pattern to
which every event - if only it can be induced to happen - must
conform, just as the rules of arithmetic state the pattern to which
all transactions with money must conform - if only you can get
hold of any money. Thus in one sense the laws of Nature cover
the whole field of space and time; in another, what they leave out
is precisely the whole real universe - the incessant torrent of
actual events which makes up true history. That must come from
somewhere else. To think the laws can produce it is like thinking
that you can create real money by simply doing sums. For every
law, in the last resort, says: If you have A, then you will get B."
But first catch your A: the laws won't do it for you"i1g.
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i1g C.S. Lewis, Miracles, p.42.




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i1g Randall Price, The Stones Cry Out, Notes, harvest house publishers, 1997, p.412*
i2g Paul Backholer, the Exodus Evidence, byfaith books, 2010, p.72*
Isreal Finkelstein & Neil Asher Silberman, the Bible Unearthed, chapter2, Touchstone
Rockfeller Center, 2002, p.57*

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i1g Paul Backholer, the Exodus Evidence, byfaith books, 2010, p.17*
Isreal Finkelstein & Neil Asher Silberman, the Bible Unearthed, chapter2, Touchstone
Rockfeller Center, 2002, p.54*
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i1g Randall Price, The Stones Cry Out, Chapter5, harvest house publishers, 1997, p.98*
i2g Randall Price, The Stones Cry Out, Chapter9, harvest house publishers, 1997,
p.167-170*

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i2g The Report: Egypt, 2011, Oxford Business Group, p.230.
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i1g http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/League_of_Militant_Atheists.
i2g http://www.rae.org/pdf/dsod_apb.pdf.
Love, R., Darwinism and feminism: “The ‘women question’ in The Life and Work
of Olive Schreinr and Charlotte Perkins Gilman,” in Oldroyd and Langham, Eds.,
The Wider Domain of Evolutionary Thought, D:Reidel, Holland, pp. 113–131,
1983
i3g Gould, The Mismeasure of Man, p.105.
i4g Gilmore, D., Misogyny: The Male Malady, University of Pennsylvania Press,
Philadelphia, p. 125, 2001.
i5g an object to be beloved and played with, better than a dog anyhow.
Charles Darwin, The Autobiography of Charles Darwin 1809-1882, New York
pp. 232-233.
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i1g http://www.scientificamerican.com/article /in -atheists- we -distrust®

i2g http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/why-do-americans-

still-dislike-atheists/2011/02/18/AFqgnwGF_story_1.html.
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Provisions

i1g http://newsjunkiepost.com/2009/09/19/research-finds-that- atheists-are-most-hated-

and-distrusted-minority®.

i2g http://www.paulopes.com.br/2009/05/ateus-e-usuarios-de-.

drogas-sao-os-mais.html#.VCNTNBYZQQs

i3g http://www.irishtimes.com/premium/loginpage?destination=h.

ttp://www.irishtimes.com/debate/why-must-agnostics-be-obliged-to-teach-faith-

1.616580.

i4g http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elder_Pastitsios.
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No person who denies the being of a God shall hold any office
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During a speech to party cadre in 1958, Mao said he had far
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scholars alive ... You [intellectuals] revile us for being Qin Shi
Huangs. You are wrong. We have surpassed Qin Shi Huang a


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i1 gMao Zedong sixiang wan sui! (1969), p. 195. Referenced in Governing China: From

Revolution to Reform (Second Edition) by Kenneth Lieberthal. W.W. Norton &

Co., 2003. p. 71.

i2ghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khmer_Rouge#Life_under_the_Khmer_Rouge.

i3g http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kal%C4%81m_cosmological_ argument.


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i1g Source: 100 Years of Nobel Prize, Baruch A. Shalev, p.57.

i2g Doctors Say They're Spiritual.

http://www.cbsnews.com/news/doctors-say-theyre-spiritual

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i1g http://www.loc.gov/loc/walls/jeff1.html#mrr.
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York: Simon & Schuster, 1984), p. 148.


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i1g Rossi A.S., Gender and Parenthood , Gender and Lifecourse , aldine, New York.
i2g Tannen D., you just don’t understand: women and men in conversation . William
Morrow.
i3g Moir A., (1992) Brain Sex, chapter 11, Dell publishing New York.
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‫ﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ!‬


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i1g space.mit.edu/home/tegmark/multiverse.pdf.
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i1g http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/smolin_susskind04/smolin _ susskind.html.



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i2g Hoyle, Fred, Evolution from Space, Omni Lecture, Royal Institution, London, 12
January 1982; Evolution from Space (1982) pp. 27–28.
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the chance of obtaining the required set of enzymes for even
the simplest living cell without panspermia was one in 1040,000.
Since the number of atoms in the known universe is
infinitesimally tiny by comparison (1080).
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The notion that not only the biopolymer but the operating
program of a living cell could be arrived at by chance in a
primordial organic soup here on the Earth is evidently nonsense
of a high orderi1g.
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Life Itself: Its Origin and 3# >o šŒ{1 3?1 A ) " :9e - Francis
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i1g Sir Fredrick Hoyle and Chandra Wickramasinghe, Evolution from Space (New
York: Simon & Schuster, 1984), p. 148.
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how rare an event would this be ‫؟‬


"This is an easy exercise in combinatorials. Suppose the chain
is about two hundred amino acids long; this is, if anything rather
less than the average length of proteins of all types. Since we have
just twenty possibilities at each place, the number of possibilities
is twenty multiplied by itself some two hundred times. This is
conveniently written 20200 and is approximately equal to 10260,
that is, a one followed by 260 zeros *
"Moreover, we have only considered a polypeptide chain of
rather modest length. Had we considered longer ones as well, the
figure would have been even more immense. The great majority
of sequences can never have been synthesized at all, at any
time"i1g.
"An honest man, armed with all the knowledge available to us
now, could only state that in some sense, the origin of life appears
at the moment to be almost a miracle, so many are the conditions
which would have had to have been satisfied to get it going"i2g.
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i1g p. 51-52.
i2g p. 88.
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i1g P.242 Theory in Crisis.


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The Sanskrit text and translation of Verse 5 of Bhavishya
Puran, Prati Sarg Parv III: 3, 3 are given below. (The boxed area
in the Sanskrit text identifies the word Mahamad or Mohammad).
A malechha (belonging to a foreign country and speaking
foreign language) spiritual teacher will appear with his
companions. His name will be Mahamad...
The translation of Verses 5-27 (Sanskrit text of the Puranas,
Prati Sarg Parv III: 3, 3) is presented below from the work of Dr.
Vidyarthi.
“A malechha (belonging to a foreign country and speaking
foreign language) spiritual teacher will appear with his
companions. His name will be Mahamad. Raja (Bhoj) after giving
this Mahadev Arab (of angelic disposition) a bath in the
'Panchgavya' and the Ganges water, (i.e. purging him of all sins)

i1g Bhavishya puran: prati sarg, part lll: 3, 3, 5*


PROPHET MUHAMMAD IN HINDU SCRIPTURES.
http://www.cyberistan.org/islamic/prophhs.html*

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offered him the presents of his sincere devotion and showing him
all reverence said, 'I make obeisance to thee.' 'O Ye! the pride of
mankind, the dweller in Arabia, Ye have collected a great force to
kill the Devil and you yourself have been protected from the
malechha opponents (idol worshipers, pagans).' ‘O Ye! the image
of the Most Pious God the biggest Lord, I am a slave to thee, take
me as one lying on thy feet.'
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SP@NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN@´äí†n8½a@áàŽŽí@…b§⁄a
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VP@@NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN@‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﻓﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻲ ﻳﻨﻘﺾ اﻹﻟﺤﺎد‬
VR@@NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN@@:‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻟﻠﺪﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﺎ ﺍﳊﺮﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻳﺴﻘﻂ ﺍﻟﻮﺛﻨﻴﺔ‬
VV@NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN@@‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮن رﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻳﻨﻘﺾ اﻹﻟﺤﺎد‬
VW@ NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN@@‫@ﻤﻲ ﻳﻨﻘﺾ اﻹﻟﺤﺎد‬A‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﻗﻴ‬
VX@ NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN@@‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻲ ﻳﻨﻘﺾ اﻹﻟﺤﺎد‬
VY@@NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN@@‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮن أﺧﻼﻗﻲ ﻳﻨﻘﺾ اﻹﻟﺤﺎد‬
WS@@NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN@@‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﺑﺪﻳﻬﻲ ﻳﻨﻘﺾ اﻹﻟﺤﺎد‬

WV@ NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN@@‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬


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XR@@NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN@@PANSPERMIA@bîߎãbjÛa@òîvyc
XV@ NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN@òîÔîÔ§a@„‹aÛaë@‰ìĐnÛa
YP@NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN@åÔn½a@Éä–Ûa
YU@NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN@ paŠÐĐÛa
YY@@NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN@@ñ‰ìÐyþa@oãb×@õ†jÛa@¿
QPT@ NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN@@ðŒãbjà’Ûaë@æbŽã⁄a@´i@î¦a@éib’nÛa
QQP@ NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN@…ìÔнa@Ì–Ûa@‰ìĐnÛa
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QRQ@NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN@ ðßbØÛa@‰bvÐãa
QRV@@NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN@ _‰ìĐnÛa@‰ìèÄi@bÈÛa@ŠŽ@a‡bß
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QSV@@NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN@ï⁄a@Õܨa
QTQ@ NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN@ï⁄a@Õܨa

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QUR@NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN@@òîöbíŒîÏ@pübØ‘g
QVQ@@NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN@@AæbŽã⁄a@ávyë@æìØÛa@òßb‚™
QVS@@NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN@òbm@pübØ‘g
QWR@@NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN@AÝîöaŠg@i@ƒí‰bm
QWW@@NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN@@òîÔĐäß@pübØ‘g
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QYR@NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN@@ñŠÏbØÛa@Þë†Ûa@â†Ônm@a‡b½
QYT@NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN@ _“Ça…@ìç@âý⁄a@Ýç
RPV@@NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN@ AáènÛ…cë@´îiŠÌÛa@wvy@ÝÔäí@á܎½a
RQT@NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN@òîÏŠÈß@pübØ‘g
RRR@@NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN@òîÛbŠÛa@òv§a
RRU@@NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN@òîèÔÏ@pübØ‘g
RRW@@NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN@òí…ìjÈÛaMÖŠÛa–@ŽÛa
RSX@@NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN@kÜĐÛa@…bèu
RUP@NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN@áuŠÛa@†y
RUR@@NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN@AñaŠ½a@Þìy@pübØ‘g

RVT@@NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN@‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‬
RVV@NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN@éãbzj@ÕÛb¨a@…ìuë@òÛ…c
RVX@NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN@ æìØÜÛ@òÔîÓ†Ûa@ñŠíbȽa
RWR@@NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNòîäî¦a@òĐ튨a
RXP@@NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN@ á܍ë@éîÜÇ@a@óÜ•@âbãþa@@ñ@åß@pb
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