QUIZ-1#SET-1

Advanced composites are

A ) those that are found naturally.
B ) those used traditionally in aerospace industries.
C ) those that have low performance.

What fiber factors contribute to the mechanical performance of a composite?

A) Length.
B) Orientation.
C) Shape.
D) All of the above.

The most common advanced composites are

A ) Metal Matrix Composites.
B ) Polymer Matrix Composites.
C ) Ceramic Matrix Composites.

E-glass type of fiber is used for

A ) electrical applications.
B ) environmental applications.
C ) emmision applications.

The most common fibers used in advanced polymer composites are

A ) glass, steel, and aluminum.
B ) glass, graphite, and kelvar.
C ) glass, steel, and kelvar

Composites are easy to repair.

A ) True.
B ) False.

The acronym SMC stands for

A ) Structural Metal Composite.
B ) Strong Metal Composite.
C ) Sheet Molding Compound.

What is a composite?
A) Recycled waste.
B) A chemical reaction.
C) A monolithic material
D) A structural material consisting of two or more constituents.

One of the major drawbacks of adavanced composite materials is

A) their high cost of fabrication.
B) their low specific elastic modulus
C) that they are extremely heavy.
D) their low specific strength.
The acronym PMC stands for
A ) Polymer Metal Composition.
B ) Polymer Matrix Composite.
C ) Polyethylene Metal Composition.

SET-2

A typical range of carbon content in carbon fiber is

A) 93-95%.
B) 92-95%.
C) 93-94%.
D) 90-95%

he most common fiber shape is

A ) Rectangular.
B ) Triangular.
C ) Circular.

Annual growth of composites is at a steady rate of

A) 5 percent.
B) 10 percent.
C) 15 percent.
D) -15 percent.

Graphite fibers have one of the following carbon content

A) 99%.
B) less than 99%.
C) more than 99%.
D) 98%.

Thermoset plastic polymers have the following type of bonding

A) Covalent bond.
B) Vanderwaals bond.
C) Atomic bond.
D) none of the above

Current service temperature limits for polymers reach

A) 750 degrees Fahrenheit.
B) 1750 degrees Fahrenheit.
C) 450 degrees Fahrenheit.
D) 350 degrees Fahrenheit

The material of the fiber directly influences the mechanical performance of a composite
A ) True.
B ) False.
The units of fracture toughness are
A ) MPa-m.
B ) MPa^0.5-m.
C ) MPa-m^0.5.

Reducing one pound of mass in a commercial aircraft can save up to how many gallons per year?
A) 50.
B) 350.
C) 3500.
D) 30000

SET-3

1:Bullet resistant vests mainly use the following fibre.

A) Boron
B) Glass
C) Graphite
D) Kevlar

2: An isotropic material is one with

A) different properties in all directions.
B) same properties in all directions.
C) different properties at different locations
D) same properties in all locations.

Which of the following is a drawback for phenolic resin systems?

A) high cost.
B) low mechanical strength
C) high void content.
D) brittleness.

Composite materials are

A) isotropic but not homogeneous.
B) homogeneous but not isotropic.
C) both homogeneous and isotropic.
D) neither homogeneous or isotropic.

Aramid fibers are made up of the following elements

A) Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen.
B) Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen.
C) Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen
D) Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen.

A typical example of thermoplastics include

A ) polyethylene.
B ) polyesters.
C ) phenolics.
Which of the following composites are replacing metals in golf club shafts?
A ) Carbon-Carbon.
B ) Graphite/Epoxy.
C ) Boron/Epoxy

Anisotropic materials are materials with

A) different properties in all directions.
B) same properties in all directions.
C) different properties at different locations
D) same properties at different locations.

In the automotive industry where short production runs are necessary, polymer matrix composites
are manufactured by the process called _____________.
A) filament winding.
B) autoclave forming.
C) resin transfer molding.
D) none of the above.

Inter-ply hybrid composites consist of

A) two or more different composite systems.
B) two or more different fibers used in the same ply.
C) both a and b.
D) none of the above.

SET-4

Out of these polymers, which one has the maximum strength?

A ) Phenolic
B ) Epoxy
C ) Polyester
D ) Polymide

Amongst the choices given below, high performance applications in the aerospace industry use
A ) Kelvar 49.
B ) Kelvar 29.

Nanocomposites consist of particles or fibers that are of at most this dimension or less?
A) 0.0000001 m
B) 0.000001 m
C) 0.00001 m
D) 0.0001 m

The performance indicator for buckling of a rod under a compressive load is

A ) Young's modulus / density.
B ) (Young's modulus ^ 0.5) / density.
C ) (Young's modulus ^ 0.3333) / density.
Bullet proof vests use ___________ fibers.
A) Kelvar.
B) Graphite.
C) Boron.
D) Glass.

hermoset polymers show which of the following traits.

A) Decompose on heating.
B) Soften on heating.
C) Harden on heating.
D) none of the above

Out of the following, which polymer has the highest service temperature?
A) Phenolic
B) Epoxy
C) Polyester
D) Polymide

Which of these polymer is least desirable for smoke emission?

A) Phenolic.
B) Epoxy.
C) Silicone
D) Polymide

Glass fibers are made from

A ) slice glass.
B ) vapor deposition method.
C ) graphite.

Specific modulus is given by

A) Square root of Young's modulus / density.
B) Strength / density.
C) Young's modulus / density.
D) Square root of strength / density.

QUIZ-2#SET-1

Macro-mechanical analysis of a lamina is based on average properties and by considering the

lamina to be:
A) Isotropic.
B) Homogeneous.
C) Non-homogeneous.
D) Non-linear
The stiffness of a unidirectional lamina is usually much larger in the direction:
A) of the fibers.
B) perpendicular to the fibers.
C) at a 45 degree angle to the fibers.
D) none of the above.

Considering a body in equilibrium under various loads. The component of the stress normal to the
surface is called the normal stress and the stress parallel to the surface is called the :
A) Von Mises Stress.
B) Maximum Normal Stress.
C) Shear Stress.
D) Contact Stress.

A general working definition of strain can be given as:

A) Final length divided by the initial length.
B) The change in length of a specimen.
C) The change in length divided by the final length.
D) The change in length divided by the initial length.

If a part will not break due to stresses it experiences, do strains even need to be considered in the
design process?
A ) Yes
B ) No

For a linearly elastic isotropic material undergoing small deformations the elastic modulus can be
used to relate:
A ) Stress and Strain.
B ) transform stresses to another co-ordinate system
C ) transform strains to another co-ordinate system

How many independent constants are there in general stiffness and compliance matrices for an
anisotropic material?
A) 9
B) 13
C) 21
D) 36

It is incorrect to assume a composite material to be isotropic, so can you assume a composite to

behave linearly and elastic?
A ) Yes
B ) No

An example of a monoclinic material is:

A) Steel
B) Feldspar
C) Fiberglass
D) Brass
Which of the following definitions describe an orthotropic material?
A) A material with one plane of material symmetry.
B) A material with three mutually perpendicular planes of material symmetry
C) A material with an infinite number of planes of material symmetry
D) A material with no plane symmetry.

SET-2

The unit of thermal expansion in SI system of units is

A ) m/m
B ) m/m/C
C ) m/C

The Tsai-Hill failure theory is a

A) Unanimous theory
B) United theory
C) Unified theory
D) None of the above

The definition of stress is

A ) load on a body.
B ) load per unit area.
C ) load per unit length.

The compliance matrix of a material is

A ) inverse of the stiffness matrix
B ) same as stiffness matrix
C ) inverse of the elements of the stiffness matrix

To apply the Tsai Hill failure theory you must know

A ) Global Stresses
B ) Local Stresses
C ) Compressive Strengths in Local Axes

Transformation of stresses at a point in a coordinate system to another coordinate system is

dependent on
A ) elastic properties of the material.
B ) elastic properties of the material and the angle of rotation.
C ) the angle of rotation between the coordinate systems

The unit of moisture concentration in SI system of units is

A) m/m
B) kg/kg
C) m/m/kg/kg
D) kg/m
If the transverse Young's modulus of a unidirectional lamina is less than its longitudinal Young's
modulus, the major Poisson's ratio
A) is equal to the minor Poisson's ratio
B) is greater than the minor Poisson's ratio.
C) is less than the minor Poisson's ratio.
D) is zero

The mode of failure cannot be found by using the

A) Maximum stress theory
B) Maximum strain theory
C) Tsai-Hill theory
D) None of the above

The units of coefficient of moisture expansion are

A ) m/m/kg/kg
B ) m/m/kg
C ) m/m

SET-3

An example of an isotropic material is:

A) Graphite/Epoxy lamina.
B) A wooden bar.
C) Feldspar.
D) Aluminum.

If the strength ratio is greater than one, a lamina is considered to:

A ) be safe
B ) have failed
C ) may fail

Failure in a material, according to the Tsai-Hill theory, is based on

A ) distortion part of the strain energy
B ) dilational part of the strain energy
C ) total strain energy

The concept of strength ratio applies to

A) Maximum strain theory
B) Tsai-Hill theory only
C) Tsai-Wu theory
D) All of the above failure theories

A unidirectional lamina falls best under which of the following material categories?
A) Isotropic Material
B) Anisotropic Material.
C) Monoclinic Material.
D) Orthotropic Material
The maximum stress and maximum strain failure theories give
A ) same strength ratio for every case
B ) different strength ratios for every case
C ) same strength ratios if the mode of failure is shear in both theories.
D ) same strength ratio if the mode of failure is shear in both theories or if the major Poisson's ratio is zero

The number of independent elastic constants in a 3-D orthotropic material are

A) 2
B) 5
C) 9
D) 13

Which failure theory is based on the total strain energy failure theory of Beltrami?
A) Maximum Strain Theory
B) Wang-Chung Theory
C) Tsai-Wu Theory
D) Tsai-Hill Theory

The stiffness and compliance matrix for an isotropic material can be calculated from knowing
which two material properties?
A) Modulus of Elasticity and Poisson Ratio.
B) Modulus of Elasticity and Thermal Expansion Coefficient.
C) Shear Modulus and Thermal Expansion Coefficient.
D) Shear Modulus and Ultimate Tensile Strength.

An assumption that must be made when using Hooke's Law for a two-dimensional unidirectional
lamina is:
A) All loads are axial
B) Only shear loads are applied.
C) There are no out-of-plane loads.
D) There is no loading.

SET-4
The number of constants in an orthotropic material is _______
A) 2
B) 5
C) 9
D) 13
E) 21

The number of independent elastic constants in an anisotropic material is ________.

A) 2
B) 5
C) 9
D) 21
An isotropic material has _____________ principal directions of symmetry.
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) infinite

The number of independent constants in an isotropic material is __________.

A) 2
B) 5
C) 9
D) 13
E) 21

A unidirectional lamina with a random, hexagonal or square arrangement best falls under the
category of _______ material..
A) transversely isotropic
B) orthotropic
C) monoclinic
D) anisotropic

The number of independent elastic constants in an monoclinic material is ___________.

A) 2
B) 5
C) 9
D ) 13
E ) 21

Major Poisson's ratio is defined as

A ) transverse normal strain divided by longitudinal normal strain with only longitudinal load applied.
B ) longitudinal normal strain divided by transverse normal strain with only longitudinal load applied.
C ) negative of longitudinal normal strain divided by transverse normal strain with only longitudinal load
applied.
D ) negative of transverse normal strain divided by longitudinal normal strain with only longitudinal load
applied.

Out of the unidirectional laminas below and for the same fiber volume fraction, which one generally has the
lowest shear modulus?
A ) glass/epoxy.
B ) boron/epoxy.
C ) graphite/epoxy.

The number of independent elastic constants in a transversely isotropic material is __________.

A) 2
B) 5
C) 9
D) 13
E) 21
Out of the unidirectional laminas below and for the same fiber volume fraction, which one
generally has the largest longitudinal Young's modulus?
A ) glass/epoxy.
B ) boron/epoxy.
C ) graphite/epoxy.

QUIZ-3-SET-1

The change in matrix dominated properties for a corresponding 1% increase in void content is in
the range of
A) <2%
B) 2%-10%
C) 11-20%
D) >20%

Fiber volume fraction is defined as

A) Volume of Fibers/Volume of Matrix.
B) Volume of Fibers/Volume of Composite.
C) Volume of Composite/Volume of Matrix
D) Volume of Composite/Volume of Fibers

The maximum fiber volume fraction for the packing geometry of circular fibers in a hexagonal
array is nearly ________ %
A) 70
B) 79
C) 85
D) 91

Volume fraction of voids is given by

A) (theoretical minus experimental composite density)/theoretical composite density.
B) (theoretical minus experimental composite density)/experimental composite density.
C) (experimental minus theoretical composite density)/theoretical composite density.
D) (experimental minus theoretical composite density)/theoretical composite density.

Longitudinal modulus of a unidirectional lamina is greater than

A ) matrix Young's modulus if it is less than the fiber Young's modulus.
B ) fiber Young's modulus if it is greater than the matrix Young's modulus.

Experimentally, the volume fraction of voids is generally determined by

A) burn or acid digestion tests.
B) tension tests.
C) impact tests.
D) visual inspection.

The reinforcing factor used in Halpin-Tsai equation for transverse elastic moduli is dependent on
A) Young's modulus of fiber
B) Young's modulus of matrix
C) packing geometry of fibers
D) volume fraction of fibers
In a unidirectional ceramic matrix composite under axial load along the fibers, matrix breaks
generally precede fiber breaks
A ) True.
B ) False.

The longitudinal modulus of a lamina is dependent on

A) fiber Young's modulus.
B) matrix Young's modulus.
C) fiber volume fraction.
D) all of the above.

The maximum fiber volume fraction for the packing geometry of circular fibers in a square array is
nearly __ %
A) 70
B) 79
C) 85
D) 91

SET-2

Poor bonding between the fiber and matrix results in __________ in the transverse tensile
strength of the composite.
A ) a decrease
B ) an increase
C ) no change

he three most common types of fibers used in composites are glass, aramids, and graphite. Of
these, which are transversely isotropic?
A ) glass and graphite.
B ) glass and aramids.
C ) aramids and graphite.

Unidirectional laminas are preferred to be tested over angle ply laminas because
A ) they are easy to manufacture.
B ) they are used in most applications.
C ) the results can be directly used to predict behaviour of angle ply lamina.

For polymeric composites exposed to a change in moisture, the moisture concentration in the
fibers is generally
A ) more than that in the matrix
B ) close to zero
C ) same as that of the matrix

For a lamina exposed to changes in temperature, it is generally assumed that

A ) the change in temperature is the same for the fiber and the matrix.
B ) the change in temperature is greater in the matrix than in the fiber.
C ) the change in temperature is greater in the fiber than in the matrix.
Generally for polymer matrix composites, the maximum strain to failure is larger for
A ) the fiber.
B ) the matrix.

For composites with high fiber to matrix longitudinal Young's moduli ratios, the longitudinal
coefficient of moisture expansion is
A) greater than the transverse coefficient of moisture expansion.
B) less than the transverse coefficient of moisture expansion.
C) equal to the transverse coefficient of moisture expansion.
D) almost zero.

If the applied stress is greater than the longitudinal tensile strength, for which volume fraction of fibers is it
possible for the composite to take a greater load?
A ) critical fiber volume fraction.
B ) minimum fiber volume fraction.
C ) maximum fiber volume fraction.

A weak fiber-matrix bond

A ) may decrease the longitudinal tensile strength.
B ) may increase the longitudinal tensile strength.
C ) has no effect on the longitudinal tensile strength.

The component in a unidirectional polymeric matrix composite which carries the largest
percentage of a uniaxial applied load along the fibers is
A ) the fibers.
B ) the matrix.
C ) Neither, the fiber and matrix share the load equally.

QUIZ-4-SET-1

Which one of the following assumptions does not relate to the classical lamination theory?
A) Each lamina is orthotropic.
B) The lamina is thin with only in-plane loads.
C) Each lamina is elastic.
D) Slip may occur between lamina interfaces.

The Laminate [0/5/8] consist of _______ plies.

A) 3
B) 5
C) 6

0/90/90/90/0] is an example of
A ) an angle ply laminate.
B ) an unsymmetric laminate.
C ) a cross-ply laminate.
Each stress component in a laminate ___________ from the top of the laminate to the bottom of
the laminate.
A ) varies linearly
B ) varies as piecewise discontinuous linear function
C ) is constant

Each strain component in a laminate ___________ from the top of the laminate to the bottom of
the laminate.
A ) varies linearly
B ) varies quadratically
C ) is constant

The matrices [A], [B] and [D] are called

A) Extensional, coupling, and bending stiffness matrices, respectively.
B) extensional, decoupling, and bending stiffness matrices, respectively.
C) coupling, bending, and extensional stiffness matrices, respectively.
D) None of the above.

typical graphite/epoxy lamina with a fiber volume fraction of 70% and 0.005 inch thickness and 1
in width will fail at about an extensional load of the order of ________ pounds/inch when applied
in the direction parallel to the fibers.
A) 10
B) 100
C) 1000
D) 10000

The unit of curvature in the SI system is

A ) m/m
B ) 1/m
C) m

The [B] matrix is equal to zero for which of the following laminates?
A) [0,90].
B) [0,45].
C) [0,45,45,0].
D) [0,45,-45].

The laminate [0/45/90] consist of __________ plies.

A) 3
B) 5
C) 6

SET-2

Which of the following laminates will not undergo bending from thermal loads?
A) [0,45,-45].
B) [0,45,90,90,45,0].
C) [0,30,-45].
D) [0,45,90,45,-45].
The extensional stiffness matrix [A] for a laminate will not change if
A ) stacking sequence is changed.
B ) angle of plies is changed.
C ) elastic properties of the lamina are changed.

If a hygrothermal load is the only load applied to a lamina, the magnitude of the overall
mechanical load is
A) the same as the magnitude of the hygrothermal load.
B) less than the magnitude of the hygrothermal load.
C) more than the magnitude of the hygrothermal load.
D) zero.

Hygrothermal stresses and strains are caused by

A ) water pressure.
B ) changes in humidity and temperature.
C ) mechanical loads

Matrix [A*] is known as the

A) Transformation matrix.
B) Extensional compliance matrix.
C) Bending stiffness matrix.
D) Extensional stiffness matrix.

Mid-plane curvatures for a laminate are zero in the classical lamination theory if the
A ) laminate is symmetric
B ) laminate is symmetric and only in-plane forces are applied
C ) laminate is symmetric and no in-plane bending loads are applied

The [B] matrix for asymmetric laminate is

A ) zero.
B ) non-zero.

Non-symmetric laminates undergo ________ when hygrothermal loads are applied.

A ) warpage.
B ) no warpage
C ) failure

Which of the following laminates will not undergo warpage due to hygrothermal loads?
A ) [0,90].
B ) [0,90,45].
C ) [0,45,45,0].
D ) [45.90].

QUIZ-5#SET-1

If one ply fails in a laminate, does the entire laminate fail?

A ) No
B ) Yes
C ) Maybe
A [0/90] laminate is
A ) quasi-isotropic.
B ) not quasi-isotropic.
C ) may or may not be quasi-isotropic

What angle plies are used to make a cross-ply laminate?

A) 0,80
B) 0,45,-45,90
C) 0,90
D) 45,-45

In a spherical pressure vessel under uniform internal pressure the

A ) hoop stress is the same as the longitudinal stress.
B ) hoop stress is twice the longitudinal stress.
C ) hoop stress is half the longitudinal stress.

What is the minimum number of plies to make a quasi-isotropic laminate?

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4

Choose the example of a symmetric laminate:

A ) [0/30/30/0/30]
B ) [0/45/45]
C ) [0/30/0]

What does a quasi-isotropic laminate simulate?

A ) an isotropic metal in extension
B ) an isotropic material in bending
C ) an isotropic material in both bending and extension

In a cylindrical pressure vessel under uniform internal pressure the

A ) hoop stress is the same as the longitudinal stress.
B ) hoop stress is twice the longitudinal stress.
C ) hoop stress is half the longitudinal stress.

Give an example of a balance laminate:

A ) [30/-30]
B ) [45/30]
C ) [60/30]

Which matrix has to equal zero in order to avoid warpage due to thermal loading in a laminate?
A ) Extensional Stiffness Matrix.
B ) Coupling Matrix.
C ) Bending Stiffness Matrix.