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MARKSMANSHIP
MARKSMANSHIP
MARKSMANSHIP
I. INTRODUCTION
B. AIMING – refers to the precise alignment of the rifle sight with the
target.
The purpose of battle sight zeroing is to align the fire control system
sight with the rifle barrel, considering the ammunition ballistics. When the
rifle is zeroed the sights are adjusted so that the bullet strike is the same
as the point of aim at some given range. When a standard zeroing
procedure is followed, a rifle is properly zeroed for one soldier is close to
the zero of another soldiers.
In order to understand the principles of zeroing, one must know the
basics of ballistics, especially, the relationship between the path of the
bullet flight and the line of sight in bullet is called trajectory. The maximum
height of bullet trajectory, in relation to the line of sight, depends on the
range to the target. The greater the distance a bullet travels before impact,
the higher it must travel in its trajectory. On the other hand, the line of
sight is the straight-line distance through the rear sight aperture, across
the front sight blade to the point of aim.
WEAPON
I. GENERAL
Definition of Terms
2. BREECH – The opening at the rear portion of the barrel through which
the cartridge or round is loaded. It is loaded with a recess to fit a
locking mechanism, usually the bolt, so as to seal the chamber to
prevent the scape of gasses.
3. FIRING PIN MECHANISM – It is the device used to strike or hit the
primer hereby igniting it. The following are the different types of firing
pin mechanism:
a. Free-floating – it has no spring on the pin and is free from the
force of another body. (e.g. M16, M14)
b. Percussion – there is a spring on the rear of the pin pushing it
forward. (e.g. M60, Ultimax)
c. Inertia – there is a shorter firing pin than the recess, which it is
housed. A compressed spring is pushing the pin rearwards.
(e.g. Cal .45 pistol)
d. Fixed – the firing pin is firmly attached to the bolt. (e.g.
Thompson Sub-machinegun)
e. Electric – fire is done by electromagnet or electric current.
CLASSIFICATION OF WEAPONS
1. ACCORDING TO OPERATIONS:
a. Manually operated – the cycle of operation is manually
accomplished (e.g. Springfield)
b. Gas-Operated – firearms that have gas cylinder and piston. They
use the trapped gas to push the bolt assembly backwards to
achieve a complete cycle of operation. (e.g. M16, M14)
c. Recoil operated – firearms that used their recoil energy to
operate.
d. Blow back operated – characterized by a heavy bolt. The barrel
remains stationary during the firing. It has no locking and unlocking
mechanism. Inertia or boil and recoil spring holds the breech
closed.
2. ACCORDING TO FUNCTION:
a. Automatic – This fire continuously as long as the trigger is pulled.
(e.g. M60, Ultimax)
b. Semi-automatic – one pull of trigger will produce one round
explosion. The trigger must be released first before one can fire
another round. The cycle of operation is done automatically.
c. Single – one trigger pulls for a single round. The cycle of operation
is done manually.
d. Selective – these fore either automatic or semi-automatic by using
the selector lever.
3. ACCORDING TO USE:
a. Hand weapon – designed to be fired by at least one hand. (e.g.
Pistol)
b. Shoulder weapon – designed to fired from the shoulder. (e.g.
Rifle)
c. Crew-served weapon – designed to be operated by two or more
person. (e.g. Mortar)
TYPES OF WEAPON
1. SMALL ARMS WEAPON – are those that have bore of 30mm and
below.
2. ARTILLERY WEAPON – a general referring to five main types of
cannons: Guns, Howitzers, Mortars, Rocket Launcher, and Recoilless
Rifles.
WEAPONS
1. Cal .45 Model 1119A1 Pistol – John Browning developed this handgun.
The development begun in 1896 and perfected and enter the US service
on 1911. The pistol was used in the First World War. Some minor
defects such as: the rear edge of the butt was given a more curved
shape and chequered; a shorter groove trigger was fitted; the frame was
chamfered off behind the trigger; the grip safety was slightly lengthened
and the hammer spur was shortened. With these modifications, Model
1119A1 evolved into being.
CAL .45 M1119A1 PISTOL
a. Characteristics
Hand weapon
Recoil operated
Lightweight
Magazine-fed
Semi-automatic
Air cooled
b. General Data
Maximum Range------------------------------------------- 200 Meters
2. Cal 5.56 mm, M16A1 Rifle (Armalite) – the Basic Rifle of the Philippine
Army. Because it is proven reliability in worst condition, this weapon is
widely used in the Scout Ranger Organization. It was introduced during
the Vietnam War in the 1960’s and was found to be effective in tropical
areas like the Philippines.
a. Characteristics
Shoulder weapon
Gas operated
Lightweight
Magazine-fed
Operates in both automatic and semi-automatic
Air cooled
b. General Data
Maximum Range------------------------------------------ 2,653 Meters
Maximum Effective Range----------------------------- 460 Meters
Overall Length--------------------------------------------- 99.06 cm
Weight with Loaded Magazine (30Rnd) ------------- 3.583
Kilograms
Weight with Loaded Magazine (20Rnd) ------------ 3.447
Kilograms
c. Ammunition
Ball
Tracer
Blank
Dummy
d. Disassembly
Clear the weapon.
Remove the hand guard by pushing down the Slip Ring.
Separate the upper receiver from the lower receiver by pushing
out the pivot pin and take out the pin respectively.
Pull out the charging handle together with bolt carrier.
Remove the firing pin retaining pin.
Remove the firing pin.
Position the bolt cam pin into horizontal position and pull it out.
Remove the bolt.
Using another pin or the firing pin, push out the extractor pin so
that the extractor will be removed.
Push down the Buffer stop and pull out the buffer together with
buffer spring.