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PISAY Math Lecture 1C - PPT (Encrypted)
PISAY Math Lecture 1C - PPT (Encrypted)
PISAY Math Lecture 1C - PPT (Encrypted)
LECTURE 1C:
Basic Algebra
LECTURE 1: Basic Algebra
TOPICS COVERED
• Algebra - p. 12
• Evaluating Algebraic Expressions - p. 12
• Solving First-Degree Equations - p. 13
LECTURE 1: Basic Algebra
ALGEBRA
The Language of Algebra
Algebra, an extension of arithmetic, is
an organized system of rules that
help to solve problems.
Uses letters or symbols to represent
unknown quantities. These
letters/symbols are called variables.
These letters are variables because
they change or vary value/s from
problem to problem.
LECTURE 1: Basic Algebra
ALGEBRA
The Language of Algebra
Constants are fixed values. The
value of a constant is known and
its value never changes.
Whenever a number and a variable
are multiplied together, the number
part is called the coefficient. In the
expression 7𝑥, the coefficient of 𝒙 is
𝟕. The variable 𝒙 is multiplied to 𝟕.
LECTURE 1: Basic Algebra
ALGEBRA
Algebraic Expressions
An algebraic term can be a
constant, a variable, or the product
or quotient of numbers with
variables.
2𝑥 4
Examples: 4, 𝑦, 3𝑛, , 𝑎
3 5
LECTURE 1: Basic Algebra
ALGEBRA
Algebraic Expressions
An algebraic expression is any
combination of numbers, variables,
grouping symbols, and operations.
LECTURE 1: Basic Algebra
ALGEBRA
Algebraic Expressions
In an algebraic expression, terms
are separated by + and − signs.
The sign before them belongs to
the term.
𝒎
For example, 𝟓 − 𝟑𝒚, 𝒂 + 𝟒, + 𝟐
𝟒
are algebraic expressions.
LECTURE 1: Basic Algebra
ALGEBRA
Evaluation Algebraic Expressions
To evaluate an algebraic
expression, plug in the given
or corresponding values for
the variables and compute
according to GEMDAS
procedure.
LECTURE 1: Basic Algebra
ALGEBRA
Evaluation Algebraic Expressions
Example 1:
2
Evaluate 𝑡 − 𝑡 + 3 when 𝑡 = 4.
ANSWER: 𝟏𝟓
LECTURE 1: Basic Algebra
ALGEBRA
Evaluation Algebraic Expressions
Example 2:
Evaluate 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 5 when 𝑥 = −1.
ANSWER: −𝟔
LECTURE 1: Basic Algebra
ALGEBRA
Evaluation Algebraic Expressions
Example 3:
2 3
Evaluate 2𝑎 − 5𝑏𝑐 + 3𝑐 if
𝑎 = −1, 𝑏 = 3, and 𝑐 = −2.
ANSWER: 𝟖
LECTURE 1: Basic Algebra
ALGEBRA
Equations
An equation states that one
expression is equal to another
expression. For example, the
equation 𝑥 + 7 = 10 sets the
expression 𝑥 + 7 equal to the
expression 10.
LECTURE 1: Basic Algebra
ALGEBRA
Equations
It is important to recognize
the difference between an
expression and an equation.
An equation always has an
equal sign.
LECTURE 1: Basic Algebra
ALGEBRA
Equations
An equation may be true or false
depending on the replacement
value for the variables. The
equation 𝑥 + 7 = 10 says that
some number 𝒙 added to 7
equals 10, so you know that 𝒙 = 𝟑
is the solution of the equation.
LECTURE 1: Basic Algebra
ALGEBRA
Equations
The solution is the value of the
variable that makes the
statement true. You solve an
equation when you find the
solution of the variable.
LECTURE 1: Basic Algebra
ALGEBRA
Isolating the Desired Variable in
an Equation
Transposition is a method to
isolate the desired
variable to one side of
the equation (usually left side)
and everything else to the
other side so that you can
solve the equation.
LECTURE 1: Basic Algebra
ALGEBRA
Isolating the Desired Variable in
an Equation
Transposition uses the
principle wherein when a term
is moved from one side of
the equation to the other
side of the equation, the sign
of that term changes.
LECTURE 1: Basic Algebra
ALGEBRA
Isolating the Desired Variable in
an Equation
Algebraic equations can be
solved using the Law of
equations.
The Law of equations states
that whatever you do on one
side of an equation, you must
do it on the other side as well.
LECTURE 1: Basic Algebra
ALGEBRA
Additive Inverse (aka
opposite)
𝐛 + −𝐛 = −𝐛 + 𝐛 = 𝟎
ALGEBRA
Identity Property
𝐚+𝟎=𝟎+𝐚=𝐚
[𝐚𝐝𝐝𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧: 𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐞𝐥𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐧𝐭
𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐚𝐝𝐝𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐢𝐬 𝟎]
𝐚⋅𝟏=𝟏⋅𝐚=𝐚
[multiplication: identity element
for multiplication is 1]
LECTURE 1: Basic Algebra
𝟑𝒙 + 𝟒 = 𝟏𝟔
ANSWER: 𝒙 = 𝟒
LECTURE 1: Basic Algebra
𝟓𝒙 + 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟒𝟕
ANSWER: 𝒙 = 𝟕
LECTURE 1: Basic Algebra
−4 = 2𝑥 − 6
ANSWER: 𝒙 = 𝟏
LECTURE 1: Basic Algebra
5𝑥 + 3 − 2𝑥 = 𝑥 − 15
ANSWER: 𝒙 = −𝟗
LECTURE 1: Basic Algebra
5 2𝑥 + 1 = 4 3𝑥 − 7
𝟑𝟑 𝟏
ANSWER: 𝒙 = or 𝟏𝟔
𝟐 𝟐
LECTURE 1: Basic Algebra
3 𝑥 − 2 + 18 = 6 + 2 𝑥 + 6
ANSWER: 𝒙 = 𝟔
LECTURE 1: Basic Algebra
3𝑥 + 9 = 15
ANSWER: 𝒙 = 𝟐
LECTURE 1: Basic Algebra
2 5𝑥 − 11 + 12𝑥 = 0
ANSWER: 𝒙 = 𝟏
LECTURE 1: Basic Algebra
𝟓𝒚 − 𝟖 − 𝒚 = 𝟐 −𝟒 − 𝟑 + 𝟓𝒚 − 𝟏𝟑
ANSWER: 𝒚 = −𝟐
LECTURE 1: Basic Algebra
− 𝒛 − 𝟒𝒛 + 𝟐 = 𝟐 + 𝟐𝒛 + 𝟕
ANSWER: 𝒛 = 𝟕