Stylommatophora

Stylommatophora is an order[3] of air-breathing land snails and slugs, terrestrial pulmonate

gastropod molluscs. This taxon includes most land snails and slugs.
 Stylommatophora

Temporal range: Cretaceous–Recent

PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K PN
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Scientific classification

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Gastropoda

Subclass: Heterobranchia

Superorder: Eupulmonata

Order: Stylommatophora

A. Schmidt, 1855

Diversity[1][2]

about 20,500 species

Cornu aspersum (Common Garden Snail)

The two strong synapomorphies of Stylommatophora are a long pedal gland placed beneath a
membrane and two pairs of retractile tentacles (Dayrat & Tillier).

Several families in this group contain species of snails and slugs that create love darts.

Stylommatophora are known from the Cretaceous period up to the present day.[4]

2005 taxonomy

According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) based on evolutionary
ancestry is the clade Stylommatophora in clade Eupulmonata within informal group Pulmonata.
It uses unranked clades for taxa above the rank of superfamily (replacing the ranks suborder,
order, superorder and subclass) and the traditional Linnaean approach for all taxa below the rank
of superfamily.

The clade Stylommatophora contains the subclades Elasmognatha, Orthurethra and the informal
group Sigmurethra. The term "informal group" has been used to indicate whenever monophyly
has not been tested, or where a traditional taxon of gastropods has now been discovered to be
paraphyletic or polyphyletic.

clade Elasmognatha

Superfamily Succineoidea

Superfamily Athoracophoroidea

clade Orthurethra

Superfamily Partuloidea

Superfamily Achatinelloidea

Superfamily Cochlicopoidea

Superfamily Pupilloidea

Superfamily Enoidea

informal group Sigmurethra

Superfamily Clausilioidea
Superfamily Orthalicoidea

Superfamily Achatinoidea

Superfamily Aillyoidea

Superfamily Testacelloidea

Superfamily Papillodermatoidea

Superfamily Streptaxoidea

Superfamily Rhytidoidea

Superfamily Acavoidea

Cepaea hortensis, within the Helicoidea.

 An individual of Trochulus hispidus, a stylommatophoran land snail in the family Hygromiidae within the Helicoidea.

Superfamily Punctoidea

Superfamily Sagdoidea

"limacoid clade" (within the Sigmurethra)

Superfamily Staffordioidea

Superfamily Dyakioidea

Superfamily Gastrodontoidea

Superfamily Parmacelloidea

Superfamily Zonitoidea

Superfamily Helicarionoidea

Superfamily Limacoidea

(not in limacoid clade, but is within the Sigmurethra)

Superfamily Arionoidea

Superfamily Helicoidea

Previous taxonomy

Subinfraorder Orthurethra
Superfamily Achatinelloidea Gulick, 1873

Superfamily Cochlicopoidea Pilsbry, 1900

Superfamily Partuloidea Pilsbry, 1900

Superfamily Pupilloidea Turton, 1831

Subinfraorder Sigmurethra
Superfamily Acavoidea Pilsbry, 1895

Superfamily Achatinoidea Swainson, 1840

Superfamily Aillyoidea Baker, 1960

 Superfamily Arionoidea J.E. Gray in Turnton, 1840

Superfamily Buliminoidea Clessin, 1879

Superfamily Camaenoidea Pilsbry, 1895

Superfamily Clausilioidea Mörch, 1864

Superfamily Dyakioidea Gude & Woodward, 1921

Superfamily Gastrodontoidea Tryon, 1866

Superfamily Helicoidea Rafinesque, 1815

Superfamily Helixarionoidea Bourguignat, 1877

Superfamily Limacoidea Rafinesque, 1815

Superfamily Oleacinoidea H. & A. Adams, 1855

Superfamily Orthalicoidea Albers-Martens, 1860

Superfamily Plectopylidoidea Moellendorf, 1900

Superfamily Polygyroidea Pilsbry, 1894

Superfamily Punctoidea Morse, 1864

Superfamily Rhytidoidea Pilsbry, 1893

Superfamily Sagdidoidera Pilsbry, 1895

Superfamily Staffordioidea Thiele, 1931

Superfamily Streptaxoidea J.E. Gray, 1806

Superfamily Strophocheiloidea Thiele, 1926

Superfamily Trigonochlamydoidea Hese, 1882

Superfamily Zonitoidea Mörch, 1864

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Stylommatophora.

Wikispecies has information related to Stylommatophora.

 1. Solem A. (1978). Classification of the land Mollusca. In: Fretter V. & Peake J. (eds). Pulmonates, Vol. 2A.
London, Academic Press, 49–97.

2. Sutcharit C., Naggs F., Wade C. M., Fontanilla I. & Panha S. (2010). "The new family Diapheridae, a new
species of Diaphera Albers from Thailand, and the position of the Diapheridae within a molecular
phylogeny of the Streptaxoidea (Pulmonata: Stylommatophora)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean
Society 160: 1-16. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00598.x (https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1096-3642.2009.
00598.x) .

3. Philippe Bouchet, Jean-Pierre Rocroi, Bernhard Hausdorf, Andrzej Kaim, Yasunori Kano, Alexander Nützel,
Pavel Parkhaev, Michael Schrödl and Ellen E. Strong. 2017. Revised Classification, Nomenclator and
Typification of Gastropod and Monoplacophoran Families (http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.4002/040.
061.0201?journalCode=mala) . Malacologia, 61(1-2): 1-526.

4. (in Czech) Pek I., Vašíček Z., Roček Z., Hajn. V. & Mikuláš R. (1996). Základy zoopaleontologie. Olomouc,
264 pp., ISBN 80-7067-599-3.

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