RESTORATION AND REHABILITATION OF OLD PAGARA.

(A Case Study)
&
RECENT ADVANCE DEVELOPMENT IN DAM
REHABILITATION & RESTORATION
- 3 DAMS -

By
Dr. Mahavir Bidasaria
Er. Anupam Bidasaria
Ferro Concrete Const. (India) Pvt. Ltd.,
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 INTRODUCTION
PAGARA MASONRY DAM
 Salient features of Pagara Dam
100 Years Old
a. Location :
It is situated near village Joura
nearly 39 Km from Morena town
in North M.P.
Joura is a Famous place, where
not only this dam is situated but
it is the place of famous dacoit
MAN SINGH who had lived at this
place for more than 30 years.
b. It is a composite dam built on
Asan River.
c. It consists of 244 m long
masonry non overflow section, 73
m long masonry waste weir,
1439 m long earthen dam on left
flank.
d. The Max. height of this dam is 27
m.
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1.0. CAUSES OF DISTRESS IDENTIFIED I.E. BEFORE REHABILITATION (YEAR 1994).

Causes of distress were Identified based on

the Investigations carried out by Geological
Survey of India and CSMRS, and few
conclusions were drawn.
1.1.Existence of geological fault zone at the
junction of masonry and earth dam, which
was not treated at the time of construction.
1.2.The masonry dam was resting on sand
stone formation which had open joints. These
joints had not been treated and there existed
high permeability in the upper layer of
foundation rock.
1.3.Distress due to ageing i.e. cracking
erosion of mortar due to weathering action
1.4. On D/s face, lime mortar from joints had
washed out & voids have been created &
body of Dam become porous.
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2.0 Remedial Measures were suggested Steps
in two parts • To prepare u/s face by cleaning with help of air and water jet.
Part - 1. • To Drill holes for anchor fixing on masonry face in Grid of 1
m.
• To fix 20 mm anchor bolts in drilled holes.
• Fix hard drawn wire mesh of 100 x 100 mm. on Anchors and
A. To gunite the entire tighten the mesh with washer of steel plates and nuts on the
anchors.
up stream face of • Apply 50 mm thick Gunite on the surface with mortar of 1:3
dam alongwith wire proportion cement to sand.
mesh reinforcement.
It was recommended
that the reservoir be
emptied and dam
face thoroughly
cleaned and the gunite
applied in one
continuous operation
to ensure proper
bonding.
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Part – 2.
Grouting the body of the dam and
upper layers of rock foundation
to fill in all the voids created by
leaching etc. with cement grout.

The test grout pattern is proposed in

two rows one meter apart and holes
being spaced at 3 m. c/c in staggered
manner.
The first row of grout holes being one
meter from the u/s. face of dam.
After test section, different reaches of
masonry dam was proposed to be
grouted accordingly.
It was important to drill holes
atleast 3 to 6 m in base rock, to
grout the upper permeable layer of
sand stone foundation. 5
2.1. DRILLING OPERATION :-

a) Drilling in two rows, holes at 3 m c/c were performed by using

Rotary cum percussive drilling Rigs.

b) Drilling in masonry has been performed in descending order

method, where holes were drilled at 3 m c/c. in stages of 6 to
9 meters. The first stage so drilled is washed with jet of air
and water till all the drill cutting comes out.

2.2. WATER TEST / PERMEABILITY TEST :-

Water test (cyclic) were taken in every stage. Permeability of

strata is measured in terms of Lugeon. Lugeon is a unit of water
loss measured in litres, per meter, per minutes at a water
pressure of 10 Kg./cm2

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2.3. Grouting Operation.
Grouting has been executed as per IS 6066 by starting with thin mix of
1:10 cement to water and thickening the same as the grouts intake
increases and ending with 1:1 by weight.
Typical arrangement of grouting plan set up
s
tc h e
ba
in
to r

D o u b le D r u m G ro u t R e c o rd e r
R e t u r n S e c t i o n o f C i r c u l a t i o n L in e
g it a

A g it a t o r
m ix e r t o A

B ypass
ro m

P re s s u re G a u g e T h e s e v a lv e s c o n t r o l
ed f

G ro u t at P um p t h e q u a n t it y o f g r o u t f e d
i n t o t h e c ir c u la t i o n l in e
rg
cha is
td
ou
Gr

t io t
g it a
G ro u t P u m p of
t io n

a
y
s e c in e

n b

d to
r d
wa n L
F o r u la tio

a ke

rn e
r c

ot t
C i

re tu
ut n

e is
C o lc r e t e M ix e r

G ro

not
S t a n d p ip e
B le e d e r V a l v e F it t i n g s

g ro u t
W a te r M e te r H o le
( f o r m e a s u r in g w a t e r
t o t h e m ix e r ) G ro u t
W a te r
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3.0. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION.
3.1. With the use of cement grout, a very badly leaking masonry dam, having
voids and high porosity was completely made water tight and structurally
sound.
3.2. It is essential to provide pointing on the u/s and d/s surface of dam before
starting of grouting.
3.3. For grouting a badly leaking masonry dam, cement grout is sufficient. At few
places wherever porosity is very high, colloidal grout of sand and cement
can be used.

3.4. It is essential to provide inclined pressure

release holes in the masonry portion from
d/s. face of dam, to release the pore pressure
because there is no foundation gallery.

The holes must penetrate through body of the

dam, and minimum 1 m into the foundation
rock, at about 5m from the u/s toe of the
dam. Spacing of hole be 15 m centre to centre.

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 AFTER GUNITING &
GROUTING TREATMENT
BEFORE GUNITING & GROUTING
TREATMENT (Full dam view from D/s)

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RECENT ADVANCEMENTS IN DAM REHABILITATIONS.
Pagara dam was constructed about 100 years back and
rehabilitation took place in 1995. Now a days many more
advance technological changes are taking place.

Recently three old dams (Up to 90 years old) are under

rehabilitation in Karnataka State by FCCI. These are heavily
leaking masonry and concrete dams:-
1) Krishnaraja Sagara Dam on Cauvery River , Near Mysore
in Karnataka.
This world famous hydraulic structure, designed and
constructed under the guidance and supervision of father
of Indian Civil Engineering Sir Vishveshwaraiah.

2) Almatti Dam near Bijapur on River Krishna, in Karnataka.

3) Bhadra Dam near Shimoga on River Bhadra, in Karnataka.
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Methodology adopted, to stop this seepage is to carry out :

1) Upstream face pointing, using

UV resistant high strength
shrinkage compensating polymer
modified cementitious mortar.

2) Drilling & Grouting from top

of dam, using Cement with
chemicals.
3) Grouting of upstream face by
inserting pipe on upstream face
for Horizontal grouting

4) Use of Hydrophobic
Polyurethane grout to stop large
seepages.
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KRISHNARAJA SAGARA DAM
Main dam view

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Downstream face of K.R.S. Dam showing prominent leaking spots.

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Upstream face treatment being done by raking out old mortar and
providing new pointing of UV resistance high strength
Cementitious mortar.

Cradle Cradle

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Drilling and Grouting works in progress from top of KRS Dam by
Rotary drilling method and grouting with OPC 53 Grade cement
alongwith non-shrink admixture.

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Panoramic view of dam

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Downstream face of Almatti Dam showing prominent leaking spots.

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Drilling and Grouting works in progress from top of Almatti Dam
by Rotary drilling method and cement grouting with admixtures.

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 Downstream face of Bhadra Dam
showing prominent leaking spots.

Panoramic view Main Bhadra Dam

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Drilling and Grouting works in progress from top of Bhadra Dam.

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Material and Chemical used in these Three Old Dams for
Upstream Pointing and Grouting are abstracted as below.
Name of
Pointing Material Body Grouting Material
Dam
KRS Steripure 100, Kelox R-101, Cement OPC53 + Cebex100
Dam Kelox R-404, Nicomix 100 (Admixture non Shrink /
Mysore with OPC 53 grade cement, super Plasticizer)
Kelmer A-80, Nicocoat PC
with cement
Almatti Reebaklens, Nitobond EP Cement OPC43 + Silica +
Dam (Hardner + Base), Rendroc Tam Seal Crystalline.
Bijapur HS Xtra, Nitocote SN-522 Proportion 1:3:½

Bhadra Reebaklens, Nitobond EP Cement OPC43 + Cebex100

Dam (Hardner + Base), Rendroc (Admixture non Shrink /
Shimoga HS Xtra, Nitocote SN-522 super Plasticizer)

Treatment work ON ALL THESE DAMS ARE IN PROGRESS.

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THANK YOU

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