ASSET MANAGEMENT

Solution Brief
IEC 60076-7

Ageing rate is based

Temperature over
time.
IEC 60076-7
Temperature should take into
account of the temperature rise
of enclosure. Since Itron DTM
meter measures temperature of
the room, we do not need to
compensate.

Outdoor temperature
variation due to wind,
sunshine or rain is ignored.
This does not mean we do
not need ambient
temperature.
IEC 60076-7

The top oil

temperature is
measure as the rise
from ambient
temperature.
 DTM - THERMAL MODEL

Mathematical model Input Output information

used • Estimation of Oil
• Load factor temperature
• Standard IEC60076 • Ambiant temperature • Estimation of Hot spot
temperature
• Estimation of
transformer ageing

MV LV
 THERMAL MODEL : LOADED TRANSFORMER
Parameters of thermal model

 10 fixed parameters for

the full range of
distribution transformers
Parameters
thermal model
k11 1
Inputs thermal K21 1
model
K22 2

3 IRMS R Pfer/Pcu

Tamb x 0.8

y 1.6

Please see the Δθhr 19K

slide notes for Δθor 60 K

more τw 4 min
explanation. τo 180min
THERMAL MODEL Calibration
using actual
Parameters identification process (optional) thermo couple
in the
transformer

System

NLP
algorithm

» A Non Linear Programming (NLP) is well suited for the identification of

critical parameters (time constants), the thermal model uses a set of 10
parameters.
» This method is based on the comparison between the outputs of the real
system (transformer) and the outputs of its model (differential equations)
submitted to the same inputs ( load factor and ambient temperature)
» The NLP algorithm minimizes the error between the real outputs and the
estimated outputs, by adjusting the parameters of the model.
» Identification can be done for each transformer model and reused for other
transformers of the same type/model.
 THERMAL MODEL
Results with and without parameter identification
» Test : 100%In , 50%In , 100%In…. During 6h each time

Comparison between measured and estimated temperature

Measured temperature
Estimated temperature w/o identification
Estimated temperature with identification
Temperature in °C

Time in min

» Accuracy of +/-7°C without identification (after transient) and +/-3°C with identification of parameters.
 ELECTRICAL MODEL
Estimation of MV values & internal losses inside the transformer

» Determine the overall energy balance of the MV distribution especially with

the massive connection of renewable energy in the electricity grid
Inputs
Inputs
• Electrical informations
• Transformer nameplate
(LV voltage, LV currents)
• Test certificate of
manufacturer

MV LV

Outputs Outputs

• Estimation of MV voltage • Estimations of active

• Estimation of MV current and reactive losses of
transformer
 ELECTRICAL MODEL

 Objective is to estimate the primary currents and voltages of the transformer, with an accuracy
of 1%, based on the secondary values (LV).
 Estimation of transformer internal losses (active and reactive)
 All parameters of this electrical model are derived from the transformer nameplate and test
report of the transformer
 ELECTRICAL MODEL: LOADED TRANSFORMER
Parameters of electrical model

Calculate electrical RMS

quantities on MV side
i.e. voltages between
phases, RMS currents,
internal active losses in
the transformer
Inputs electrical Parameters
model electrical model

Upn Rated MV voltage

3 IRMS
Ipn Rated MV current
3 VRMS
Usn Rated LV voltage
3 P/phase
Isn Rated LV current
3 Q/phase
KT Transformation ratio

W Pulsation