Analysis of Column Loads ina Building By Considering Beam Support Reactions BoE2008 ® BS 6000 T 6000 Introduction In the manual design of reinforced concrete structures, column loads are usually assessed by considering the support reactions from beams they are supporting, or by the tributary area method. The later is more populer due to its simplicity and speed, but usually fails to capture all loads that are imposed directly on the columns, while the former is more complex and time consurning, but very representative of all the possible loads that are imposed on the column. Steps on how to load a column from beam support reaction (1) Load the floor slab adequately, and factor the loads at ultimate limit state, considering the appropriate load combination. (2) Transfer the loads from slab to the beam using the appropriate relationship. Based on yield linas, the loads are usually triangular or trapezoidal, but this is cumbersome to analyse manually. An equivalent UDL (reasonably accurate) can be used to transfer slab loads by employing the formulas below; One way slabs Long span q = nlx/2Short span q = nlx/5 Two way slabs Long span q = nix/2(1 ~ 1/3k*) Short span q = nlx/3 Where; = Load transferred from slab to the beam. n= load at ultimate limit state L4gk + 1.6qk (BS 6110) 1.350k + 1.5qk (Eurocode 2) Ly = Length of long span of slab Le = Length of short span of the slab k= yikx (3) Analyse the floor beams completely using any suitable method of your cheice, while also considering any additional load that may be on the beam such as wall load and finishes. (4) Obtain the support reactions of the beam, which represents the load that is transferred from the floor to the column.Design Example tn this post, the lor plan shown below i fora shopping complex, and i desired to abtain the column axial loads at ultimate lent state PANEL 1 PANEL 2 PANEL 1 P3750 -h+3700 G32790 PANEL 1 PANEL 2 PANEL 1 pare dorm aa 6000 6000 6000 Design Data ‘ie ofall columns = 230 x 230mm Sze of all beams ~ 450 x 220mm Thknese of ab = 200mm Unit weight of conerete = 25 kim? Unt weight of sandrete block = 3.47 kin? fee = 25 mica? fk = 500 Njmer? Loed combination = 1.359 + 15k Design variable load (gh) = 4 ken? k= Lyx = 6/5 = 1.2 (in all eases) Only external beam are carrying block work leadLoad Analysis Roof beam Permanent load on roof beams gk = 6 kN/m Variable load on roof beam qk = 1.5 kN/m (These values are assumed) At ultimate limit state, n = 1.35(6) + 1.5(1.5) = 10.35 kW/m Slab Load Analysis Concrete awn weight = 25 kN/m? x 0.2m = Screeding and Finishes (say) = 4.35. kN/m? Partition allowance = 1.5 kN/m? Total (gk) = 7.85 kN/m? Variable action (qk) = 4 kN/m? 0 kN/m? n= 4.350k + 1.5qk = 1.35(7.85) + 1.5(4) = 6.6 KN/m? Wall load on beam Unit weight of sanderete block = 3.47 kN/m? Height of wall = 3.5m Wall load on beam = 3.47 kN/m? x 3.5m = 12.145 kN/m Load on Beams External Longitudinal beains (Axis 1:A-D and Axis 2:A-D) Self weight of beam (factored) = 1.35 x 0.23m x 0.25m x 25 = 1.94 kN/m Load from slab = nbx/2(1 ~ 1/3k*) = [(16.6 x 5/2] x (1 ~ 1/(3 x1.22)) = 31,893 kW/m Load from block work = 12.145 kN/m Total load = 45.978 KIN/m External Transverse beams (Axis A:1-3 and Axis D:1-3) Self weight of beam (factored) = 1.35 x 0.23m x 0.25m x 25 = 1.94 kN/m Load from slab = nlx/3 = (16.6 x 5)/3 = 27.667 kN/m Load from block work = 12.145 kN/m. Total load = 41.752 KN/m Internal Longitudinal Beam (Axis 2:4-D) Self weight of beam (factored) = 1.35 x 0.23m x 0.25m x 25 = 1.94 kN/m Load from slab = nbx/2(1 ~ 1/3k*) = [(16.6 x 5)/2] x (1 ~ 1/(3 1.2%) = 2 x 31.893 N/m = 63.786 kN/m (we multiplied by two because this beam is receiving slab load from two directions.) Load from block work = 0 (there are no block works inside the building) ‘Total load = 65.726 KN/mInternal Transverse beams (Axis B:1-3 and Axis C:1-3) Self weight of beam (factored) = 1.35 x 0.23m x 0.25m x 25 = 1.94 kN/m Load from slab = nlx/3 = (16.6 x 5)/3 = 2 x 27.667 kN/m = 55.334 kN/m (slab load is, ‘coming from two directions) Load from block work Total load = 57.274 KN/m Self weight of Colurnns Self weight of column (factored) = 1.35 x 0.23m x 0.23m x 3.75m x 25 kN/m? = 6.695 kN ‘Structural Analysis ‘A little consideration will show that the support reactions for the floor beams (equal spans) can be obtained by considering the shear force coefficients given below; akN/m FRESE Eee eee eet eee eee eee eee sees esse ess sss ssy —————————————————— Um) Um) 0.625q1 0.375ql f °| 0.375ql 0.625ql Fig 3: Shear force coefficient (2 ~ span bear) a kN/m pede be bees el eee ee ieee eile b esse bees ee essere eeedy ——e—————————EEEEE Um) um) im) 0.500q1 0.60041 0.600q! ‘9.50081 Fig 4: Shear force coefficient (3 span beam)Analysis of the column axial loads Load Analysis of Column AL 18 Floor Load rom longitudinal roof beam (1:A-0) = 0.4 10.35 kW x 6m = 24.84 Kt Load from transverse roof beam (1-3) = 0.375 x 10.35 ktm x Sm = 19.41 RN ‘Self weight of column = 6.595 4X Total = 50.945 4 ‘Ground Foor ood from above = 50.945 KN Load from longitudinal for beam (438-0) = 0.4 = 45,978 kW/m « én = 110.347 ka Load from transverse flor beam (A:1-3) = 0.375 x 41.752 kN/m x 5m = 78.285 kN Salf weight of column ~ 6.695 KN Total = 246,272 KN Load Analysis of Column A2 452 Floor Lead from longitudinal rf beam (2:A-0) = 0.4 10.35 Kym 6m = 24.84 kN Load from transverse rof beam (:1-3) = 2(0.625 = 10.35 kim x Sm) = 64.587 KN Salt weight of column ~ 6.695 KN Total = 96.222 kN ‘Ground Foor Load from above = 96.222 KN Load from longitudinal for beam (2:80) = 0:4 x 65,726 kW/m x 6m = 157.742 kN Load from transverse flor beam (2:1-3) = 2(0.375 x 41.752 km x Sm) = 156.57 KN Self weight of column = 6.695 KN 137.229 40 Load Analysis of Column BL It Floor Load rom longitudinal roof beam (1:A-D) = (0.5 x 10.35 KN/m x 6m) + (0.6 x 10.35 kW/m 6m) = 68.34 kN Load from transverse raf beam (B:1-3) = 0.375 x £0.35 kan x Sm = 19.41 RN ‘Self eight of column = 6.695 KN Total = 94.415 kN ‘Ground Foor Leas from above = 98.415 0 Load from longitudinal lor beam (18-0) = (0.5 x 45.979 kfm 6m) + (0.6 « 45.978 Kivin « 6m). = 302.455 Kt Load from transverse flor beam (6: ‘Self weight of column ~ 6.595 kX Total = 511.953 &N 375 57.274 kN x Sm = 107-388 kN 2 Load Analysis of Column 02 et Floor Load rom longitudinal raf beam (224-0) Vem im) = 68.31 KN Load from transverse roof beam (1-3) = 2(0.625 x 10.35 kW/m = Sm) = 64.687 KN Salf weight of column ~ 6.695 KN 38.692 kN (055 «10.35 kNVm x 6m) + (0.6 « 10.5 Lead from above = 139.692 KN Load from longitudinal for beam (232-0) = (0.5 x 65.726 k/m x 6m) + (0.8 x 165.726 ke « 6m) = 433.7916 KN Load from transverse flor beam (A: “Self weight of column ~ 6.695 KN 357.9825 ka