“introduction to gen chem 1”

“General Chemistry 1”

Chemistry
 A branch of science that studies the composition of matter and the changes that matter undergoes
 Seeks to explain the submicroscopic events that lead to macroscopic observations

Key Words to Remember

Atoms Intensive properties
Chemical properties Ions
Compounds Liquid
Distillation Magnetic separation
Elements Mixtures
Extensive properties Molecules
Filtration Physical properties
Gas Pure substances
Heterogeneous mixture Solid
Homogeneous mixture

Matter
 = mass + volume
Example:
 It is anything that has mass and volume
Food
Human
Water
Mass
 Is amount of matter or material in particular thing

Weight
 Is a measure not only of the amount of matter but also of the effect of Earth’s gravitational pull on
that matter

Volume
 Is amount of space that matter takes place

Compressibility Test
What is easier to compress, a block of wood or a balloon filled with gas?

A particulate model for matter is very useful in explaining the properties of matter.
Some basic concepts on matter that have been introduced in junior high school will be reviewed in this lesson.

Answer:

 A gas is made up of particles that are far apart from each other, which can be push these particles
closer to each other.
 A solid is made up of particles which are compact, so that it is no longer possible to push these
particles closer to each other.
 Therefore, a balloon is much easier to compress than a block of wood.

Particles Composing Matter

1. Atoms – the smallest particle
 All the elements found in the periodic table are different kinds of atoms
 (K, O, Mg, Au, Ag, etc.)
2. Molecules – composed of atoms
  It is more of a combination of two or more atoms of the same or different kind.
 (CO2, H2O, NaCl, etc.)
3. Ions – particles with changes (positive or negative)
 K+, O2

States of Matter
 Solid, Liquid and Gas

Matter

Pure Substance Mixture

Element Compound Homogeneous Homogeneous

Mixture Mixture

Classification of Matter
1. Pure Substance
a) Element
 Cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical or chemical
 Metals, nonmetals, and metalloids
 Periodic table
b) Compound
 Made up of two or more different elements that are combines chemically
 Most matter in the universe exists in the form of compounds

Examples:
Carbon Bromine Sodium/ other metals
Hydrogen Iodine Gold
Oxygen Sulfur Copper
Nitrogen Phosphorus
Chlorine Silicon
Fluorine Helium

Properties of Matter

Properties of Matter

According to change involved According to dependence on the

during measurements of the amount of matter
 Physical Chemical Extensive Intensive
Property Property Property Property

1. Intensive Property
 Does not depend on the amount of material
 Density, color, and odor
2. Extensive Property
 Depends on the mass or on the amount of material;
 When the mass will change this will also change
 Length and volume

Changes of Matter
1. Physical Change
 Does not change the identity of substance
 Change in the state of matter.
2. Chemical Change
 Produces news compounds with a different chemical compositions with a different set of
properties
 This is relevant in determining the chemical properties of a substance
 Visible changes
i. Evolution of gas
ii. Solid formation precipitate
iii. Change in color
iv. Change in temperature

Mixtures
 combination of two or more pure substances in which each pure substance retains its individual
chemical properties
 physical combination of substances
 heterogeneous mixture
 a mixture that does not blend smoothly throughout and in which the individual
substances remain distinct
 suspensions and colloids
  homogeneous mixture
 a mixture that has constant composition throughout; it always has a single phase
 solutions

Separation Techniques
1. Filtration
 a technique that uses a porous barrier to separate a solid from a liquid
 Filtrate - the remaining liquid
 It is collected in the beaker.
2. Decantation
3. Magnetic Separation
4. Sublimation
5. Distillation
6. Chromatography
7. Evaporation

Consumers Products
 These are items or goods commonly bought for private consumption.
 They help us for…
 cleaning the house
 washing our body
 treating wounds
 repairing broken objects
 etc.
 Thus, it is important to know what are their components, how to properly use them, and the risk they
may pose on us.
 It is therefore important to read labels and instructions before using them.