Justinian Code.

BURGUNDIAN CODE – This code introduced the concept of restitution. But punishments were specified according to
the social class of offenders. Nobles
THE LEX SALICA
• The lex salica refers to the legal customs of the ancient Germanic tribes which invaded and defeated the Roman
Empire in the Middle Ages. When the Germanic tribes codified the lex salica, they set out a schedule of monetary
compensation for wrongdoings, called botes.
• Wergild or wergeld refers to the value of monetary compensation for human life, based on his status in life. THE
BLOODY CODE
2 NOPTED
INCORPORATED INTO THE JUSTINIAN
Historical Perspective on Corrections
Important Dates and Events in the History of Corrections:
13th Century – Securing Sanctuary
In the 13th Century, a criminal could avoid punishment by claiming refugee in a church for a period of 40 days at the
end of which time he has compelled to leave the realm by a road or path assigned to him.
Historical Perspective on Corrections
1468 (England) – Torture as a form of punishment became
prevalent. 16th Century – Transportation of criminals in England, was authorized. At the end of the 16th Century,
Russia and other European Countries followed this system. It partially relieved overcrowding of prisons. 17th C to late
18th C – Death Penalty became prevalent as
a form of punishment.
Development of Criminal Law in the Philippines
CODE OF MARAGTAS – it was alledgely written and compiled by Datu Sumakwel in 1250, among the provisions in
the code were those dealing with laziness, robbery and child bearing. Thieves and robbers were punished by
mutilating off their fingers and the poor were prohibited to bear a child more than 2
CODE OF KALANTIAW
– the code was written In 1433 by Datu Kalantiaw of Panay the unwritten laws consisted of customs and traditions,
which had been passed down from generation to generation. The code has certain penal provisions, among which
are punishments given to those who have caught having sexual s
Here are the eighteen rules of Kalantiaw:
• Rule 1 - Do not kill, steal, or harm old people. Punishment is drowning or boiling;
• Rule 2 - Pay all your debts promptly. Punishment for first offense is whipping of 100 lashes. If the debt is large the
violator’s hand will be immersed in boiling water three times. Second offense will be death by beating;
• Rule 3 - Do not be too lustful. Do not marry young girls (phaedophilia) nor marry more than you can handle and
support. First offense is swimming for three hours. Second offense is laceration with thorns;
• Rule 4 - Respect the dead, do not disturb their graves and burial places. First offense is exposure to the ants while
subsequent offense is beating to death by means of thorns;
• Rule 5 - Contracts shall be faithfully fulfilled. First offense is one hour
1. The Bloody Code refers to the system of laws and punishments of England between 1688 and 1815.
• Its name was derived from the nature of the punishments imposed by said laws for so many crimes. The usual
punishment provided for many crimes during this period was death.
NOTES IN CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION 1 AND 2
whipping. Subsequent offense is one- day exposure to the ants;
• Rule 6 - Valuable trees and places that are holy should be respected. Fine for violation should be equal to one
month’s labor and paid in gold or honey. Subsequent offense is the equivalent of five years labor;
• Rule 7 - Cutting sacred trees, shooting arrows at old people treacherously, entering the Chiefs’ homes without
permission is punishable by death;
• Rule 8 - Setting fire to another’s crops, stealing the wives of Chiefs and owning dogs that bit the Chiefs is
punishable by one year slavery; Rule 9 - Those who sing at night while on the road, kill the manual bird, destroy the
Chief’s records, deceive others and mock the dead will be beaten for two days;
• Rule 10 - Mothers should educate their daughters secretly about sex hygiene to prepare them for motherhood;
Men should be kind to their wives and should not harm them if they are caught in adultery. Violators will be cut to
pieces or thrown to the crocodiles;
• Rule 11 - Those who escape and evade punishment, kill young children and steal the wives of old men will be
burned alive;
• Rule 12 - Slaves who attack their masters or the chiefs, masturbates, or destroy their anitos will be drowned;
• Rule 13 - Those who steal from the Chiefs or old men will be exposed to the ants for half a day; (October 2015
Board Exam Question)
• Rule 14 - Those who refuse to marry their
NOPTED daughters to the sons of the chiefs will be slaved for life;
• Rule 15 - Those who kill the young of the manual birds or white monkeys will be beaten;
• Rule 16 - Those who break the idols on their altars and temples, destroy the daggers used by the priestesses for
killing sacrificial pigs or break their wine vessels will have their fingers cut off;
• Rule 17 - Those who destroy the altars and temples and urinates or defecates in these sacred places will die; ad
• Rule 18 - Chiefs who disobey any of these rules will be stoned or crushed to death while old men who disobey will
be fed to the sharks or crocodiles.
SPANISH CODIGO PENAL – The code was made when the Spaniards colonized the Philippines by a royal decree
of 1870 made Codigo Penal. It was made effective in the Philippines on July 14, 1887.
Development of Criminal Law in the Philippines
THE REVISED PENAL CODE (RPC) – The code was created by virtue of Administrative Order No. 94 of DOJ, dated
October 18, 1927 to revise the Old Penal Code, taking into the consideration the existing conditions, the special laws
and the rulings of the SC. The code also adopted the code of Rafael Del Pan in terms of Prisons Laws no longer
adopting the Codigo Penal.
Development of Criminal Law in the Philippines Act No. 3815 – otherwise known as the “Revise Penal Code”
enacted by legislature on December 8, 1930 and took effect on January 1, 1932 based mainly on the Spanish Codigo
Penal.
EARLY PRISONS
3
MAMERTIME PRISON – early roman place of confinement which is built under the main sewer of ROME existed in
640 B.C., an underground prison constructed by Roman King Ancus Martius in Rome called Mamertime Prison.
Latter the offender were imprisoned inside the towers, dungeoun and cages inside the king’s castle
KING HENRY II – IN 1166 he mandated that there must be a jail in every country shire headed by its sheriff. During
said period and earlier jails were called Gaols
ERGASTULUM
It is used to confine slaves where they were attached to workbenches and forced to do hard labor in the period of
their imprisonment.
UNDERGROUN CISTERN
Use to detain offenders undergoing trial in some cases and to hold sentenced offender where they were starved to
death.
Newgate Prison – built in 1188 also by Henry II. By 1783, it had become London’s main prison. Gallows were also
installed outside but near the prison for public execution of convicted offenders. The prison was operational until it
was closed in 1902 and demolished in 1904.
Wymondham Prison – England’s first penitentiary constructed in 1785. LE STINCHE – the first ever public prison
in Europe which was constructed in 1297 in Florence, Italy.
“Act of Punishment of Roque, Vagabonds and sturdy Beggars” (1597) BRIDEWELL INSTITUTION – Law that was
enacted during the reign of King Henry VII (1509 – 1947) under his daughter Elizabeth I. it mandates that beggars
should be return to their birth place, kept in jail or house of correction until they could be put to work. These became
later the basis of transportation of criminals beyond the seas, as an alternative to corporal punishment.
The Former Royal Palace of Bridewell, London (1557) – Was the first WORK HOUSE FOR “POOR AND IDLE
PEOPLE”. 1602, Elizabeth I, proclaimed that those prisoners who are not convicted of murder, rape or burglary be
sent to the Galleys to work as slave or oarsman to row naval vessel and may even yield some profit out of their
punishment.
GALLEYS
• long, law, narrow, single decked ships propelled by sails, usually rowed by criminals.
• a type of ship used for transportation of criminals in the 16th century
TRANSPORTATION AS A PUNISHMENT
1718 – Punishment and transportation of criminals from England to America became a practice although it was
abruptly HALT IN 1778 due to American Revolution leading England to divert her convicts to Australia and new
Zealand.
Old “HULK” (Prisonship) – (Abandoned and unsuitable transport ships) – was converted as prison in order to ease
the congestion in prison. But this resulted into a more degrading life for both prisoners and guards to the point that
they call it the “Floating Hell”. This even last for 85 years and no segregation was made between youth, man and
woman. In 1703 – Pope Clement has Hospice de San Michelle in Rome. The prisoners were classified according
to their age and crime they had committed. This placed was designed for incorrigible youths under 20 years of age
and on top of their doors an inscriptions is written which reads, - “it is insufficient to restraint the wicked by
punishment unless you render them virtuous by corrective discipline” at night they pray and sleep on separate cells
for repentance but at day time work in a large central hall isolation, solitary work in the cells, bread and water diet,
NOTES IN CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION 1 AND 2
floggings and the black hole were some of the punishment, In 1735 Clement XII established an institution for woman
based on the principles as the Hospice de San Michele.
Benefits of Clergy
this originated in a compromise with the church which had maintained that a member of the clergy brought to trial in a
king’s court might be claimed from that jurisdiction by the bishop or chaplain representing him, on the ground that he,
the prisoner, was subject to the authority of the ecclesiastical courts only.
In 1773, JOHN HOWARD (1726 – 1790) (High Sheriff of BEDFORDSHIRE) – as a young man he traveled to Europe
hoping to help in the relief of Lisbon after the disastrous earthquake of 1755. he was captured by the French and was
held prisoner for two months in conditions of great barbarity. Lucky he was returned to England as exchange
prisoner. Having been influenced by Beccaria and through his own experience he wrote a book entitled “THE STATE
OF THE PRISONS IN ENGLAND AND WALES” which makes him known as ONE OF THE GREATEST PRISON
REFORMER
• Abolition of Jailers Fee;
• Regular Inspection of Prisoners;
• Provisions of clean facility;
• Emphasis of reforming inmates
He is also the one who coined the term penitentiary which came from the root word “penitence” means “feeling of
deep sadness of commit a wrong act” 18th Century – Considered to be one of the most brutal ages for punishing
criminals. This is a combination of the Old and New system.
Flogging was the most popular method of corporal punishment.
NOPTED Hanging is publicly done on a Gallows or Scaffold just like a scenario in a carnival where the phrase
gala day, gala occasion was derived from the word gallaome.
Transportation system of convicted offenders in Australia started 1878. Convicted offenders were transported to the
different islands in Australia leading also to the discovery of the land by Captain Cook in 1770 particularly, in New
South Wales, Norfolk Island and Van Diemen’s Land now known as Tasmania. The Transportation was finally
abandoned but over 135,00 felons had sent to Australia in 1867 DEVELOPMENT OF PRISON IN UNITED STATES
OF AMERICA WALNUT STREET JAIL
The Walnut Street Jail is regarded as the first jail in America. It was built in 1776 and was located in Philadelphia.
A penitentiary is supposed to be a place where inmates reformed themselves through reflection and remorse.
However, conditions worsened year after year until it was finally closed in 1835.
TWO RIVAL PRISONS IN U.S. 1.) THE PENNSYLVANIA SYSTEM
Is sometimes referred as the “Separate System” or “Solitary Confinement System” the prisoner were totally
isolated or solitary confinement and focused on the philosophy of religion and penitence. Even the guards were not
allowed to talk to them, they did not know even their names. It was built a new state prison in Pittsburgh called the
Western Penitentiary, modeled after the cellular isolated wing of Walnut Street Jail. It also adopted the system in
Eastern Penitentiary and Western Penitentiary WESTERN STATE PENITENTIARY – opened in 1826 in Pittsburgh,
however, it was agreed upon that its design was so terrible that they decided to just demolish it. It was demolished in
1833.
EASTERN STATE PENITENTIARY – constructed in Cherry Hill, Philadelphia, finished in 1829 and its design proved
to be
4
superior than the Western State Penitentiary that it became a model for many prisons in England and Europe. - Each
cell was designed intentionally for a single inmate, the cells were separated by stone partitions that were so thick to
ensure that prisoners would not be able to talk through them. 2.) THE AUBURN PRISON
In 1816 the second state prison Auburn System was erected which is patterned after the WALNUT STREET JAIL in
Philadelphia. It was designed by ARCHITECT JOHN CRAY. Confinement of the prisoners in a single cell at night and
congregate work in shops during the day. (Adopted by United States). “CONGREGATE SYSTEM” , or “NEW YORK
SYSTEM”.
SING-SING CORRECTIONAL FACILITY – It is also located in New York were the famous Sing-Sing Bath is located.
The first warden was ELAM LYNDS.
Elmira Reformatory (1876 founded by Zebulon R. Brockway) – established a link between the community- based
program and the penal institution. “THE HILL” forerunner of Modern Penology
It was opened in Elmira New York in 1876 to house youth aged 16- 30 years old who were first time offender. The
Elmira State Reformatory was focused not on the punishment but on Rehabilitation through Skills Training and
Academic Education.
Also called as “JUNIOR PRISON” SIR EVELYN RUGGLES BRISE (England) – Director/Founder of English Prison,
after visiting Elmira Reformatory, opened a Borstal Institution near Roached, in Kent which was considered as the
best reform institutions for young Offenders.
Later part of the 18th Century / 18th Century – Considered as the great transition an also known as the “Age of Reason
or Age of Enlightenment” by Baron de Montesquieu and Voltaire (CLE Board Exam)
1870 to 1880 – THE GOLDEN AGE OF PENOLOGY (CLE Board Exam)
MODERN PRISONS
ALCATRAZ PRISON “THE ROCK” – it is an Island in San Francisco bay. It is the site of infamous noted for its
inhuman treatment and tortures. The former federal Prison for military convicts was considered as escape proof
prison because of its fortress like structure and cold current in the surrounding water also considered as 1st Prison
without walls. Established 1933 and it was closed 1963 because of high maintenances. Now open as the Golden
Gate National Recreation area.
SACSHENHAUSEN PRISON – Built in 1939 outside the Berlin proper as Germany’s concentration camps for the
dreaded Nazi’s GG elite force. It became famous because of its Gas Chamber were estimated 100,000 of people was
executed mostly are Jew’s
AUSCHWITZ PRISON – Built by Germans near Cracow, Poland it was popularly known as DEATH CAMPS headed
by RUDOLF HOESS. Were more than 2 Million innocent victims was perished either by torture, mayhem or gas
chamber.
TOUL SLENG PRISON – One of the most notorious prison in Cambodia that even humbled killing field in
Battambang Province. It looks like mountain-size file of human skull and bones when King Polpot reigns in
Cambodia.
PRISON REFORMERS IN U.S.
NOTES IN CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION 1 AND 2
William Penn – “The Great Law” of the Pennsylvania Quakers, providing more human treatment of offender. He is
also responsible to the abolition of death penalty.
QUAKERS – a religious movement formed after English Civil War, also spearheaded of prison reforms.
“William Penn and Quakers in Pennsylvania – responsible for the correctional reform in United States”
William Penn’s Charters:
• All prisoners were to be bailable;
• Those wrongfully imprisoned could recover double damage;
• Prison were to be free as to fee’s food, lodging;
• The lands and goods of felons were to be liable to double restitution by injured parties; and
• All countries were to provide house to replace the stocks, pillory and the like. THOMAS EDDY – a penal reformer
in New York who repealed the criminal code of England after the American independence against England and
British. He abolished capital punishment for all offenses except murder and treason, stopped the use of corporal
punishment and instead built prison for isolation punishment also known as Penitentiary
Dr. BENJAMIN RUSH
• Leader of Quakers adopted Penn’s Code
• He also suggested that the use of Death should be limited to the cases involving murder, rape, treason and arson.
ELIZABETH FRY – (Angel of Prison) In 1813, she is one of the Quakers who attempted to bring about better
treatment for women and children in London. Fry applied the principles of John Howard and recognizes the rights of
women prisoner developed in Newgate Prison. Manifested a book “Observation on the Sitting, Superintendence and
Government of Female Prisoners” published in 1825 Fry advocate for Three reasons:
• They would prevent sexual abuse by male guards;
• They would set moral examples of true “true manhood” for their female charges; and
• They could provide a sympathetic ear for women inmates.
DOMETZ OF FRANCE (Fredric-Auguste) Established an agricultural colony for delinquent boys. The boys were
housed in cottage with housefather as in charge. The system was based on re-education rather than force . When
released, the boys were placed under the supervision of a patron.
MAISON DE FORCE – was in Belgium, the inmates were whipped and had to adhere to the rule of SILENCE.
MANUEL MONTESINOS – (Director of the Prisons of Valencia, Spain in 1835) – divided prisoners into companies
and appointed a prisoner a petty officer in charge. Academic classes of one hour a day more given to all inmates
under 20 years of age. CHARLES MONTESIQUIE (Charles Louis Secondat Baron De Montesiquie) – A French
historian and philosopher who analyzed law as an expression of justice. He was famous for his advocacy in reforming
SLAVERY as a means of punishment. He was famous for the theory “separation of powers” of the legislative,
judiciary and the executive. He published the book “On the Spirit of the Laws” in 1748, which greatly influenced the
construction of the Constitution of the United States of America. His book criticized the severity of the existing
punishment imposed upon offenders.
VOLTAIRE (Francois Marie Arqouet) – He was the most versatile of all philosophers during this period. He
believed that fear of shame was a deterrent to crime. He fought for legality sanctioned of torture
5 NOPTED
“On Crimes and Punishment, 1764” – Beccaria’s great contribution to correction/penal system. A direct result of
protest over cruelties and inequalities of the law and the courts. Its essential principles are follows:
• The basis of all social action must be the UTILITARIAN CONCEPT, with emphasis on behavior that must be
useful, purposeful and reasonable.
• CRIME MUST BE CONSIDERED AN INJURY TO THE SOCIETY and its extent should be rationally measured.
• Prevention of crime is more important than punishment of crime
• SECRET ACCUSATION AND TORTURE SHOULD BE ABOLISHED as a part of criminal procedure. SPEEDY
TRIAL SHOULD BE PROMOTED and accused should be treated humanely before trial.
• Punishment is justifiable only on the supposition that it helps deter a person from committing a crime. NO
CAPITAL PUNISHMENT. LIFE IMPRISONMENT is a better deterrent. BANISHMENT is an excellent punishment for
crimes against state. Crimes against property should be punished by fine or imprisonment when the person is
incapable of paying the fine. Capital punishment is irreparable and hence no provision for possible mistakes and the
desirability or later reflection.
• Imprisonment should be more widely employed but its mode of applications should be greatly through providing
better physical quarters and by separating and classifying the prisoners into age, sex and degree of criminality.
JEREMY BENTHAM
• GREATEST HAPPINESS PRINCIPLE
• HEDONISTIC CALCULUS (Felicific Calculus)
• UTILITARIANISM
• further developed the Classical School of Criminology/Penology,
• student of Beccaria
• the concept of Pain and Pleasure
• He also designed the Panoptican Prison
“The greatest leader in the reform of English Criminal Law. He believes that whatever punishment designed to negate
whatever pleasure or gain the criminal derives from crime, the crime rate would go down.”
- BENTHAM He saw punishment into four (4) objectives:
• To prevent all offenses, if possible
• If a person chooses to commit an offense, punishment will persuade him to commit a less rather a more serious
 one;
• When a person made up his mind to commit a particular offense, punishment will disposes him to do more
mischief than is necessary to his purposes
• To prevent the crime at as cheap a rate as possible.
1.) PROTECTION OF THE SOCIETY
2.) RETRIBUTION (Vengeance)
Literally, retribution is the act of taking revenge. In the context of corrections, the belief is that a person who harmed
or injured another person must be punished for the harm or injury he caused. (Law of Vendetta)
3.) EXPIATION or ATONEMENT
Related to the philosophy of retaliation is expiation or atonement, means reparation for an offense or injury. The
difference between the two is that retaliation is personal vengeance, while expiation is Group Vengeance.
4.) DETERRENCE
NOTES IN CORRECTIONAL the holes.
ADMINISTRATION 1 AND 2 • He had to remain in this position for a certain number of
hours, depending on the crime he committed. The crowd were
allowed and even encouraged to spit at the offender, throw
• Literally, deterrence is the act or process of rotten food, dirt, mud, and even human wastes to the offender,
discouraging actions or preventing occurrences by as part of his punishment. 2. STOCKS
instilling fear or doubt or anxiety. • Stocks is a wooden device with holes for
• As a philosophy of corrections, deterrence is the the wrists and legs, but not for the head. An
prevention of crime by the threat of punishment. The offender has to sit down in order to lock his
principle that people respond to incentives and are wrists and legs.
deterred by the threat of punishment is the philosophical • The stocks is a punishment device that is similar to the
foundation behind all systems of criminal law. pillory in terms of purpose but with slight
variation in terms of its design or appearance.
5.) • 3. Jougs, Juggs, or Joggs – an iron collar
ISOLATION fastened by a short chain to a wall, often of the
• Isolation literally means to separate. In the context of parish church, or to a tree or cross. The collar
corrections, isolation refers to the separation of offenders was placed round the offender's neck and
from the law-abiding members of society by imprisoning fastened by a padlock. Time spent in the jougs
them. was intended to shame an offender publicly.
• Isolation later evolved into another correctional philosophy
that is now called incapacitation. 6.) INCAPACITATION EARLY FORMS OF CORPORAL
PUNISHMENT
Incapacitation refers to the inability of criminals to
victimize people outside prison walls while they are locked
1.
up (Stohr and Walsh, 2012).
FLAGGELATION

7.) Flagellation or flogging is the act of methodically beating or

REHABILITATION whipping the human body. The word flagellation was derived
from the Latin word, flagellum, which means whip. It is done by
repeatedly hitting the body, usually in the back, with the use of
• Rehabilitation means to restore or return to
a whip, cane, wood, leather or other objects hard enough to
constructive or healthy activity. The rehabilitative goal is
inflict pain. 2. BRANDING
based on a medical model that used to view criminal
behavior as a moral sickness requiring treatment. N
• Today, this model views criminality in terms of “faulty OPTED 1. The penalty must be JUDICIAL or LEGAL
thinking” and criminals as in need of “programming” rather - Penalty must be imposed by the proper
than “treatment”. 8.) REINTEGRATION authority and by virtue of a judgment as prescribed by law.
• Reintegration is the process of making the offender a
productive member of the community. To reintegrate The penalty must be DEFINITE
means to make the offender become a law-abiding and Human branding or stigmatizing is the
productive member of society once he is out of prison. process in which a mark, usually a symbol
while his head and wrists are trapped in or ornamental pattern, is burned into the
 skin of a living person, with the intention
PILLORY
that the resulting scar makes it permanent. • Pillory is a wooden or metal device
- Penalty must be specified and exact mounted on a post with three holes to fit the
head and the wrists. The offender had to bend
3. The penalty must be COMMENSURATE down while standing up,
- Penalty must be proportional to the gravity or
seriousness of the crime committed.

4. The penalty must be PERSONAL • It is done by pressing a burning, hot iron to the
person’s skin or body which would result in a wound caused by
- Penalty must be imposed only to the person
the burning. 3. STONING
who actually committed the crime with no substitutes
• Stoning or lapidation involves the tossing of heavy rocks
5. The penalty must be EQUAL and stones at the victim until death.
- Penalty must be applied to all who committed
4. MUTILATION • Mutilation is the cutting off of an organ
the offense. • EARLY FORMS OF PUNISHMENT
of the body. As punishment,
• Capital Punishment – punishment of death
• mutilation is done in accordance with the law of retaliation,
carried out by hanging, immersion in boiling
water, burning and feeding to wild animals, or lex talionis. Lex talionis resembles the biblical principle of
firing squad, decapitation, quartering and “an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth.” 5. GALLEY SLAVERY
garroting. • Galley is a large medieval vessel or boat propelled by sails
• Corporal Punishment – infliction of and oars and used for war and trading. Its movement is
penalties such as mutilation, disfiguration, dependent upon the men who row the boat using the oars.
flogging and branding, stoning, slavery and the These men were usually convicted offenders whose
like. punishment was to become galley slaves. 6. Iron Maiden –
box-like structure with the front half hinged like and door so
• Public Humiliation – causes shame to the
that a person could be placed inside. When the door was shut,
offender.
protruding spikes both back and front entered the body of the
• Banishment – offender is transported to prisoner.
other territory and not permitted to re- entry to
their homeland. 7. The Rack – device that drags apart the joints in the feet and
• FORMS OF PUNISHMENT THROUGH hands. 8. Scavenger's Daughter (or Skevington's Daughter)
PUBLIC HUMILIATION - It was an A-frame shaped metal rack to which the head was
strapped to the top point of the A, the hands at the midpoint
1. and the legs at the lower spread ends; swinging
NOTES IN CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION 1 AND 2
the head down and forcing the knees up in a sitting
wooden chair with an attached metal in the shape of a position compressing the body so as to force the blood
loop for the neck. The offender was made to sit in the from the nose and ears.
chair, bounded, and the loop was fitted at the neck. 9. Scold's Bridle, sometimes called a Brank's Bridle or
Execution is done by tightening the metal loop in the neck simply Branks – an instrument of punishment used
primarily
by turning a crank or a wheel attached to it, until the on women, as a form of torture and public humiliation. The
person could no longer breath, which would result in his device was an iron muzzle in an iron framework that
death. enclosed the head. A bridle-bit or (curb-plate), about 2 inches long and 1 inch broad, projected into the mouth
5. DRAWING AND QUARTERING and pressed down on top of the tongue. The curb-plate
• This is one the most brutal methods of was frequently studded with spikes, so that if the offender
execution. An offender sentenced to moved her tongue, it inflicted pain and made speaking
this death was first hanged until near impossible.
death, taken down, their limbs tied to 10. Foot Whipping or Bastinado – The undergoing person is
horses, and then pulled apart as the required to be barefoot. The beating is typically inflicted
horses ran in different directions. with an object in the type of a cane or a crop and
Disembowelment, or the ripping out of repeated over a varying number of times. It is usually
internal organs, and the removal of targeted at the vaults or arches of the foot but sometimes
genitals often occurred while the the heels and balls of the feet can be targeted also.
accused was still alive 11. Iron Boot – designed to cause crushing injuries to the foot and/or leg.
6. Breaking wheel, also known as the Catherine wheel or 12. MILK & HONEY – the person was encased in a box
from
simply the wheel, was a torture device used for capital which his head, hands & feet protrude, forcibly feed with
punishment from antiquity into early modern times for milk and honey which was also smeared in his face and
public execution by breaking the criminal's then exposed to the sun seventeen (17) days, he lingered
bones/bludgeoning him to death. on this horrible condition until he had been devoured alive by insect and vermin.
7. DEATH BY MUSKETRY OR FIRING SQUAD 13. FURCA – a V shape yolk worn around the neck and the
• Firing Squad – refers to a group of outstretched arms of convict are tied also
soldiers. Usually, all members of the 14. ERGASTULUM – convicts are attached to work benches
group are instructed to fire and forced to do hard labor.
simultaneously, thus preventing both 15. SHOT-DRILL – carrying heavy loads for one place to
disruption of the process by a single another
member and identification of the 16. CHAIN GANGS – prisons are chained together and
member who fired the lethal shot. The work in public projects.
prisoner is typically blindfolded or 17. TREADMILL – prisoner is continually made to constantly
hooded, as well as restrained. climb stairs up to 14,000 feet. JAIL EARLY FORMS OF CAPITAL PUNISHMENT
NOPTED
it is the place for locking – up of persons who are convicted of minor offenses or felonies who are to 1. BEHEADING
or DECAPITATION
serve a short sentence imposed upon them by a
• Beheading or decapitation is the
competent court, or for confinement of persons who cutting off of the head from the body
are awaiting trial or investigation of their cases. by using an Ax or sword. This was
Institutions for confinement of convicted offenders regarded as the most honorable form
sentenced to imprisonment of three (3) years or less. of capital punishment because a sword
• institutions for the confinement of those was a symbol that was both noble and
still undergoing trial or awaiting aristocratic
judgement.
2. BEHEADING THROUGH THE USE OF
• Derived from the Spanish word “JAULA” GUILLOTINE
and “CAULA”
• Guillotine is a device designed for carrying out executions by
• and from the (Old) French word decapitation. It consists of a tall upright
“GAOL” frame in which a weighted and angled
THE BUREAU OF JAIL MANAGEMENT AND PENOLOGY blade is raised to the top and suspended. The
condemned person is
The Bureau of Jail Management and Penology, or BJMP, secured at the bottom of the frame,
was created by virtue of RA 6975, otherwise known as the with his or her neck held directly below
Department of the Interior and Local Government Act of the blade. The blade is then released,
1990, which took effect on January 2, 1991. to fall swiftly and sever the head from the body.
Republic Act No. 9263, otherwise known as the Bureau of
• The name guillotine was derived from
Fire Protection and Bureau of Jail Management and the name of the person who designed
Penology Professionalization Act of 2004, was enacted on this device, Dr. Joseph Ignace
March 10, 2004, amending pertinent provisions of RA 6975 Guillotine.
regarding the BJMP. RA 9592, another amendatory law, 3. STRANGULATION THROUGH HANGING
was enacted on May 8, 2009, amending the provisions on
• Hanging is the strangulation by use of a
educational qualifications of BJMP personnel, among rope while the body is suspended in the
others. air. As opposed to decapitation,
• LOCK-UP JAIL – is a security facility, hanging was the standard non-
common to police stations, used to honorable form of the death penalty
police stations, used for temporary confinement of an individual held for
• Gallows - refers to a frame usually of two
investigations upright posts and a traverse beam from
• ORDINARY JAIL – is the type of jail which criminals are hanged. Usually
commonly used to detain a convicted used in England
criminal offender to serve less than 4. STRANGULATION THROUGH THE USE OF GARROTE
three (3) years. Garroting is the strangulation through the use of a
• WORK HOUSE or JAIL CAMP – a facility metal collar. It is done through the use of a garrote, a
that houses minimum custody offenders 7
NOTES IN CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION 1 AND 2
who are serving short sentence or those who are undergoing constructive work program. It provides full employment
of prisoners, remedial services and constructive leisure time activities
MUNICIPAL JAIL – Punishable with duration of 1 day to 6 month CITY JAIL – Punishable with duration of 1 Day to 3
years DISTRICT JAIL – Punishable with duration of 6 months and 1 day to 3 years PROVINCIAL JAIL – Punishable
with duration of 6 months – 1 day to 3 years
IMPORTANCE OF JAIL
• it serves as a deterrent to would be criminal offender
• it enables the wrong doer to be reformed and rehabilitated
• to avoid influence of hardened criminal
• to separate offender according to their duration of imprisonment
• to determine the separation of jurisdiction between two or more cities
• help the government economically ESCORT PROCEDURES (BJMP) The BJMP observes the same escort
procedures being observed by the BuCor. In addition, the BJMP follows the ratio 1:1+1 verbally interpreted as for
every one (1) inmate, there must be 2 escort guards.
CUSTODIAL RATIO (BJMP) The custodial ratio of jail personnel to inmates must be 1:7, which means that there
must be one (1) jail guard for every seven (7) inmates.
BJMP RANK CLASSIFICAITON
COMMSSIONED OFFICERS:
DIIRECTOR Chief of Jail Bureau CHIEF SUPT Deputy, Chief of Jail Bureau SSUPT Assistant Regional Director
SUPT Provincial Warden CINSP District Jail Warden SINSP City or Municipal Jail Warden JINSP
NON- COMMSSIONED OFFICERS:
SENIOR JAIL OFFICER IV SENIOR JAIL OFFICER III SENIOR JAIL OFFICER II SENIOR JAIL OFFICER I JAIL
OFFICER III JAIL OFFICER II JAIL OFFICER 1
PRISON Institutions for confinement of convicted offenders sentenced to more than three (3) years of imprisonment.
• derived from the Greco-Roman word “PRESIDIO”
• Administered by the National Government under the Bureau of Corrections.
• Also called national prisons and also includes the penal colonies and penal forms.
• BUREAU OF CORRECTIONS
• The Bureau of Corrections, or BuCor, is an attached agency to the Department of Justice. It is the only primary
institution in the corrections pillar that provides full custody and rehabilitation programs for the transformation of
insular prisoners, those sentenced to more than three (3) years to life imprisonment.
• TWIN OBJECTIVES OF BUCOR
8 NOPTED
• 1. effective rehabilitation
• 2. safekeeping of national prisoners
HISTORY OF PHILIPPINE FACILITY (PRISON) Articles 1706 – 1727 of the Revised Administrative Code as
amended “Prison Law” or also known “Correctional System”
DIRECTOR CHARLES MONDEJAR – The first Chief of the BJMP upon its creation who took his oath of office on
July 1 1991.
Note: The Bureau of Prisons was renamed BUREAU OF CORRECTIONS under the New Administrative Code of
1987 (EO 292) and Proclamation No. 495 Issued on November 22, 1989.
• REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10575, THE BUREAU OF CORRECTIONS ACT OF 2013

• • Republic Act No. 10575, otherwise known as the Bureau of Corrections Act of 2013, was approved on 24 May
2013. It aims to strengthen, modernize, professionalize and restructure the BuCor by upgrading its facilities,
increasing the number of its personnel, upgrading the level of qualifications of its personnel and standardizing their
salaries, retirement and other benefits.
PHILIPINE PRISON/ 7 PENAL COLONY
• BILIBID PRISON
• SAN RAMON PRISON AND PENAL FARM
• IWAHIG PRISON AND PENAL FARM (SIMC)
• NEW/NATIONAL BILID PRISON
• DAVAO PENAL COLONY
• SABLAYAN PENAL COLONY AND FARM (CPPY)
• LEYTE REGIONAL PRISON
• CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION FOR WOMEN
BILIBID PRISON 1874 – On OROQUIETA STREET IN MANILA. It was formally opened on April 10 1866 by a Royal
Decree. It was formerly known as MAYHALIQUE ESTATE, and intentively for boys town but now it is currently known
as MANILA CITY JAIL, “CARCEL y PRESIDIO CORRECTIONAL” SAN RAMON PRISON AND PENAL FARM
On August 21, 1870, it was established to confine MUSLIM REBELS and intractable POLITICAL PRISONERS
OPPOSED TO THE SPANISH RULE. The Facility, which faced the Jolo sea, had Spanish-inspired dormitories and
was originally set on a 1,414-hectare sprawling estate.
Copra (dried coconut kernel) Capt. Ramon Blanco Zamboanga Del sur
IWAHIG PRISON AND PENAL FARM
Americans established in Nov. 04 1904, the IUHIT PENAL SETTLEMENT (now Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm) on a
vast reservation of 28,072 hectares. It would reach a total land area of 40,000 hectares in the late 1950’s. it was
located on the westernmost part of the archipelago far from the main town to confine incorrigibles with little hope of
rehabilitation. PALAWAN PUERTO PRINSESA
• Gov. Luke Wright (suggests)
• Order of Gov. Forbes (Ordered)
• Reorganization Act 1407
• 1,000 Hectares
• TAGUMPAY SETTLEMENT
• (6 Hectares farm lots) homestead distributed to each released prisoners who no longer wish to return to their
original home
• Lt. George Wolfe who became its 1st Superintendent
NOTES IN CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION 1 AND 2
The area was expanded to 41,007 hectares by virtue of E.O 67 issued by Governor Newton Gilbert on October 15,
1912. (SIMC)
• Sta. Lucia Sub – Colony
• Inagawan Sub – Colony
• Montible Sub – Colony
• Central Sub – Colony
NEW BILIBID PRISON – on January 22, 1941. The prison reservation had an area of 587 HECTARES, part of which
was arable. The prison compound proper had an area of 300 x 300 meters or a total of nine hectares. It was
surrounded by three layers of barbed wire.
Note: • President Fidel V. Ramos signed in to law the imposition of Death Penalty on Heinous Crime (R.A 7659)
Dec. 13 1993,
• Lethal injection (R.A 8177) March 20, 1996
• Feb. 5 1999, Leo Echegaray was first death convict executed thru Lethal Injection.
Chemicals Compound of Lethal Injection
SODIUM THIOPENTAL / SODIUM PENTOTHAL put convict to Sleep
PANCURONIUM BROMIDE Paralyze the muscles
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE Stop the heart beat
Death Convict = those sentenced for death (lethal injection)
• Within 24 days – all letters are documented
• Privilege for visit with priest/family every week and others.
At least four (4) members of the family except minor, two lawyers, personnel of PPA, two media from tabloid and
broad sheet, news TV, Radio and Foreign --- only to serve
ELECTRIC CHAIR IN 1924 – Execution by electrocution (referred to as the Electric Chair) is an execution method
originating in the United States in which the person being put to death is strapped to a specially built wooden chair
and electrocuted through electrodes placed on the body. MAXIMUM SECURITY COMPOUND – at NBP main
Building
• death convicts
• inmates sentenced to life term
• numerous pending cases
• multiple convictions and
• Sentences of more than 20 years MEDIUM SECURITY CAMP – 2.5 Kilometers from the main building. This
became known as Camp Sampaguita ALSO WHERE THE RDC LOCATED, “YOUTH DETENTION CENTER”
• RECEPTION AND DIAGNOSTIC CENTER MINIMUM SECURITY CAMP – at Bukang Liwayway
HALF WAY HOUSE – for those who will be released
JUVENILE TRAINING CENTER – Both projects are supported by funds from Japan through the representation of the
interdisciplinary Committee of National Police Commission (NAPOLCOM)
The Muntinlupa Juvenile Training Center – caters to juvenile offenders. This was a project spearheaded by the
BuCor in Cooperation with Japan International Cooperative Agency (JICA)
9 NOPTED
•
•
Muntinlupa City
Lethal Injection is located
DAVAO PRISON AND PENAL FARM
• Tagum, Davao del Norte
• Approximate Land Area is 30,000 hectares
• First penal settlement organized under Filipino Administration
• Jan. 21 1932 (Act 3732 and Proclamation 414 series 1931) signed by GOV DWIGHT DAVIS
• Tagum Development Company (TADECO)
• TANGLAW SETTLEMENT
• Banana (3000 Hectares)
• Tagum Settlement Two Sub – Colony (PK)
• Panabo Sub – Colony
• Kapalong Sub – Colony
*Davao Prison and Penal Farm is now the biggest abaca
plantation in the country. SABLAYAN PRISON AND PENAL FARM
• Sablayan Occidental, Mindoro
• It was established on September 27, 1954 by virtue of Proclamation no. 72
• It has a total land area of 16,190 hectares and it becomes 16,408.5 hectares.
• Agriculture is the principal activity and rice is the main product.
• It has 4 sub-colonies, Central, Pusog, Pasugui, Yapang. (CPPY)
LEYTE REGIONAL PRISON
• Abuyog Leyte
• Established Jan. 16, 1973, by Ferdinand E. Marcos
• Considered as the Youngest Prison
• Note: “National Correctional Consciousness week” Every Last week of October CORRECTION INSTITUTION
FOR WOMEN (CIW)
• Nov. 27, 1929
• Establishment of the Correctional Institution for Women in MANDALUYONG City under Act No. 3579 and also in
DAVAO City
• Its old name was “WOMEN’S PRISON”
• Total land area is 18 HECTARES
• In 1934, the position of FEMALE SUPERINTENDENT was made for the operation of this penal facility
• The oldest prison in the Philippines is the Fort Santiago in Manila.
• Only the New Bilibid Prison and CIW confine death convicts.
• all the prison and penal farms have minimum, medium and maximum security facilities
BUCOR PERSONNEL TO INMATE RATIO
The good conduct or behaviour of an inmate shall entire him to the following deductions of prison from the period of
his sentence. ART. 98 Special time allowance for loyalty. – a DEDUCTION OF ONE FIFTH OF THE PERIOD OF
HIS SENTENCE shall be granted to any prisoner who, having evaded his preventive imprisonment or the service
of his sentence under the circumstances mentioned in Article 158 of the RPC. GIVES HIMSELF UP TO THE
AUTHORITIES WITHIN 48 HOURS FOLLOWING THE ISSUANCE OF A PROCLAMATION ANNOUNCING THE
PASSING AWAY OF THE CALAMITY OR CATASTROPHE referred to in said article. A DEDUCTION OF TWO-
FIFTHS OF THE PERIOD OF HIS SENTENCE shall be granted in case said prisoner CHOSE TO STAY in the place
of his confinement notwithstanding the existence of a calamity or catastrophe enumerated. Art. 158. Evasion of
service of sentence on the occasion of disorder, conflagrations, earthquakes, or other calamities. — A convict
who shall evade the service of his sentence, by leaving the penal institution where he shall
NOTES IN CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION 1 AND 2
have been confined, on the occasion of disorder resulting from a conflagration, earthquake, explosion, or similar
catastrophe, or during a mutiny in which he has not participated, shall suffer an increase of 1/5 of the time still
remaining to be served under the original sentence, which in no case shall exceed six months, if he shall fail to give
himself up to the authorities within forty-eight hours following the issuance of a proclamation by the Chief Executive
announcing the passing away of such calamity. LEAVES FROM PRISON
• 60 days before election and 30 days after election no release of prisoners
• Death – leave should only be allowed for medium and minimum risk prisoner (Immediate relative/legitimate
spouse) apply two days before and allowed within 30 kilometers radius by land.
• Before the actual date of interview of minimum and medium prisoner, the media shall file request within 3 DAYS
Note: Waiver and Liability signed by/reported when requesting for interview.
The HALF WAY HOUSE provides 24 HOURS of caring institution for those who are about to be release.
• RIOT OR DISTURBANCE 1ST GROUP – Anti Riot Contingency Group, whose main objectives shall disperse the
rioters and get the leaders and shall be armed with wicker shields, protective headgears, gas masks and night stick
or batons.
• RIOT OR DISTURBANCE 2ND GROUP – to serve as backup force to support the first group and for this purpose
shall be equipped with tear gas, guns and grenades.
• RIOT OR DISTURBANCE 3RD GROUP – to be composed of guards trained on proper handling and use of
firearms who shall be ready to fire when the lives of the guards are in peril on orders of the Command officer.
NOPTED
• Command Group
• Chief
• Deputy Chief
• Chief of Staff
• Disciplinary Actions
• BJMP – Disciplinary Board (resolves issues within 48 hours)
• BUCOR – Board of Discipline (resolves issues within 5 working days)
• Reprimand – lowest penalty for violation in prison
• Segregation Cell or Bartolina
• 1 – 7 Days serve punishments in BJMP
• 1 – 2 Months serve punishments in BuCor
• Note:
• 60 YEARS OLD - exempt from work
• 8 hours – minimum work time
• At least 4 times/ day check of attendance
• Mail allowed expenses should be shoulder by the prisoner subject to censorship.
• Within 24 hours posted, if not taken, it will be taken and turnover to your dormitory.
• PREGNANT WOMAN - can stay within one year if nowhere to place the baby, the baby will be given to DSWD.
PRISONER ACCORDING TO SECURITY RISK
Maximum Security
• highly dangerous or high security risk inmates
• those sentenced to death
• those whose minimum sentence is twenty (20) years imprisonment Medium Security
• Those who cannot be trusted in less- secured areas and those whose
10
conduct or behavior require minimum supervision.
• those whose minimum sentence is less than twenty (20) years imprisonment Minimum Security
• Those who can be reasonably trusted to serve their sentence under less restricted conditions.
• Have only six months more to serve before the expiration of their maximum sentence.
COLOR OF UNIFORM BASED ON SECURITY CLASSIFICATION (BUCOR)
• Maximum security – Orange/Tangerine
• Medium security – Blue
• Minimum security – brown
• Detainee – gray
• BJMP – all are in yellow
PRISONER ACCORDING TO PRIVILEGE COLONIES 1ST CLASS 2ND CLASS 3RD CLASS
Colonies – they came form the first class which was given privilege. They can wear civilian cloth during program,
received the regular GCTA plus 10 days. (You can even request your wife from CIW to transfer in the colony or even
with the entire family)
RIGHTS AND PRIVILEGE OF INMATES
RIGHTS OF AN INMATE
• to receive compensation for labor he performs;
• to be credited with time allowances for good conduct and loyalty;
• to send and receive mail matter;
• to practice his religion or observe his faith;
• to receive authorized visitors;
• to ventilate his grievances trough proper channels; and
• to receive death benefits and pecuniary aid for injuries. PRISON LABOR A finally convicted able-bodied inmate
may be required to work at least eight (8) hours a day, except on Sundays and legal holidays, in and about the
prison. Collection and Delivery of Mail
• The mail officer shall collect and deliver mail matters on a daily basis, Monday through Friday.
• An inmate shall be advised to claim his letter if he fails to get it within twenty- four (24) hours after it is received in
prison. Mail Censorship All letters sent or received by an inmate, as well as magazines, books, periodicals, and all
reading matters, shall be subject to censorship to prevent the entry of contraband and the entry or exit of information
that may adversely affect the security of the prison.
Visiting Rights
• An inmate shall have the right to be visited by his family and reputable friends.
• They may be visited from Sundays to Thursdays from 9:00 am to 3:00 pm. There shall be no visits on Fridays and
Saturdays.
• Visitors shall not be allowed to stay overnight in prison. Use of Telephone
• All offenders who demonstrate good behavior shall earn one telephone call to an authorized individual every ninety
(90) days.
NOTES IN CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION 1 AND 2
• The telephone call shall be monitored and shall have a duration not exceeding five (5) minutes. PRIVILEGES OF
AN INMATE
• Attend or participate in any entertainment or athletic activity within the prison reservation;
• Read books in the library;
• Smoke cigar and cigarettes, except in prohibited places;
• Participate in civic, religious and other activities authorized by prison authorities; and
• Receive gifts and prepared food from visitors subject to inspection. CLASSIFICATION OF PRISONER
According to Status:
DETENTION PRISONERS – those held for security reasons; held for investigation; those awaiting final judgment;
those awaiting trial. Person detained for the violation of law or ordinances and not yet convicted.
SENTENCED PRISONER – those convicted by final judgment
According to PD 29
Insular or National Prisoner = those who sentence is 3 years and one day to death or whose fine is more than six
thousand pesos (P6,000.00), or both
City/ Provincial Prisoner = those whose sentence is less than 3 years or whose fine is less than six thousand pesos
(P6,000.00) but more than two hundred pesos (P200.00) or both
ADMISSION PROCEDURES IN PRISON:
• Receiving;
• Checking commitment papers;
• Establishing identity of the prisoner;
• Searching the prisoner;
• Assignment to quarters DIVERSIFICATION
Is an administrative device of correctional institutions of providing varied and flexible types of physical plants for the
effective control of the treatment programs of its diversified population.
FACTORS CONSIDERED IN DIVERSIFICATION
• AGE
• SEX
• MEDICAL OR MENTAL CONDITIONS
• DEGREE OF CUSTODY – the most common used factor in diversification
Classification – The assigning or grouping of inmates according to their sentence, gender, age, nationality, health,
criminal records, dangerousness, etc.
1. DIAGNOSIS – the prisoners’ case history is taken and his personality studied. Through examination and
observations, the RDC’s staff determines the nature and extent of the person’s criminality and the extent to which he
may be rehabilitated.
2. TREATMENT PLANNING – this is the formulation of a tentative treatment program best suited to the needs and
interest of an individual prisoner, based on the findings of the RDC’s staff.
3. EXECUTION OF TREATMENT PROGRAM – this is in the application of the treatment program and policies by the
classification committee.
11 NOPTED
4. RE-CLASIFICATION – the treatment program is kept current with the inmates changing needs and with new
analysis, based on any information not available at the time of the initial classification committee meeting of the
inmate’s case, which continues from the time of the first classification until the inmates is released.
MITTIMUS vs COMMITMENT ORDER
Mittimus – a warrant issued by the court bearing its seal and the signature of the judge directing the jail or prison
authorities to receive inmates for service of sentence or detention.
Commitment – means the entrusting for confinement of an inmate to a jail by competent court or authority for
investigation, trial and/or service of sentence.
Commitment Order – a written order of the court or any other competent authority consigning an offender to a jail or
prison for confinement. CARPETA – the institutional record of an inmate which consist of his commitment order, the
prosecutors’ information and the decisions of the trial court.
PRISON JACKET (Inmate Record) – for those who are convicted from Municipal Jail, city jail, provincial jail will have
their envelope of their records called prison jacket.
PRISON RECORD – refers to information concerning an inmate's personal circumstances, the offense he committed,
the sentence imposed, the criminal case number in the trial and appellate courts, the date he commenced serving his
sentence, the date he was received for confinement, the place of confinement, the date of expiration of the sentence,
the number of previous convictions, if any, and his behavior or conduct while in prison;
PUNISHABLE ACTS
An inmate is strictly prohibited from committing any of the following acts: