Paper 1: Tips for the Structure

Introduction Structure:
1. A short, literal description of the text. One sentence.
2. A description of the genre: "The texts falls into the genre of___" "the text has the feature of___" "the text type most descriptive of the text is ___."
3. A description of the intended audience: "The audience that the text best appeals to is___" "The text would best appeal to ___" "The demographic the text is
intended to reach could be described as ___" (Describe gender, age, class, social status)
4. A description of purpose: "The main aim of the text is___" "The text is designed to___" "The purpose of the text is to___" (persuade, advise, instruct, describe,
analyse, etc…)
5. A rephrasing of the guiding question/candidate created question: "In light of this ___" "With this in mind___" "Furthermore___" "Concurrently___" "After the
fact__" "The question of___ will be answered in light of the text in question.

PIE (PEE) Structure with sentence starters

- Point: Introduced the argument you will make.
○ Sample sentence starters: "It could be said that___" " It could be argued that.. As seen in this section___" "As seen here___" "Furthermore, in this element we
can see___" " The__ in the part of the text is____" "One thing that can be observed is___"
- Your point
- Illustration: Shows the evidence for your point in the form of a quotation or paraphrasing.
○ Sample sentence starters: "This can be seen here___" " This can be observed here___" "We can see this there_" " From this quote, we can see___" " In this
section of the image, we can see___" "This is evidence in this section of the text___" "The text says, quote: ___"
- Your illustration
- Explanation: Ties the point to the illustration and analyses them both for deeper meaning.
○ Sample sentence starters: "From this we can see___" " This shows that ___" "This means that" "This creates the effect of ___" "This appeals to an audience
by___" " This has the implied meaning of ___" "This shows that ___" "This conveys that ___" " This underpins ___" "From this illustration, it can be
inferred/observed/evaluated that ___" "The use of language in this quotation shows that___"
- Your explanation

Conclusion Structure:
1. Evaluate which of your paragraphs was strongest in answering the guiding question.
2. Write a final answer to the guiding question.
- Sample sentence structure for conclusion:
○ While the structure of the text was very important in answering the question, it was "textual features" that proved to be the most important/effective
○ The tone of the piece helped more than any other aspect to..(answer question)..
○ While the tone and structure were very important, it is clear that the use of line, shape and colour helped to answer the question the best…..
- Sample sentence structure:
○ In short the question can be answered as….
○ To conclude, the aspects of the text help to…
○ To sum things up, the text is…

Paragraph #1: Author, title of the text, publishing place and date, text type and thesis
Paragraph #2:
Paragraph #3: Content and Theme
Paragraph #4: Audience and Purpose
Paragraph #5: Stylistic or Literary Devices
Paragraph #6: Images caption, font size, hyperlinks, colour of the images
Paragraph #7:

The Big 5:
1. Audience and Purpose
a. Context of composition
i. Describe the time and place that this text was produced in
ii. What roe the txt
iii. Why was the text produced (purpose) what makes you say this?
b. Intended audience
i. Who was this text aimed at? How can you tell?
c. Context of interpretation/reception
i. What are your circumstances? (Times and place)
ii. How do these factors influence your reading the text?
2. Content and theme: Is what is in a next. Themes are more what text is about (big ideas)
a. Desire what is going on in the text (key features)
b. What is this text about?
c. What is the author's message?
d. What is the significance of the text to its audience?
e. What is the text actually saying?
3. Tone and Mood
a. Tone - refers to the implied attitude of the author of a text and the voice which shows this attitude. Mood refers more to the emotional atmosphere that is
produced for a reader when experiencing a text
i. What is the writers tone?
ii. How does the author sound?
iii. What kind of diction does the author use to create this tone?
iv. How does the text make the reader feel? (Mood)
v. How does the diction contribute to this effect?
4. Stylistic Devices: Refers to the "how" of a text - how do the writers say whatever. It is that they say? (Theoretical devices, diction, figurative language, syntax, etc…)
a. What stylistic devices the writer use? What effect do these devices have on a reader?

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 a. What stylistic devices the writer use? What effect do these devices have on a reader?
5. Structure/Layout: Refers to the form of a text.
a. What kind of text is it? What features let you know this?
b. What structural conventions for that text type are used?
c. Does this text conform to, or derivate from, the standard conventions for that particular type of text?

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Paper 1: Visual Texts - Glossary of Terms/Devices
Line:
• Horizontal lines: Can suggest rest
• Vertical lines: Can suggest height
• Diagonal lines: Can suggest movement and activity
• Curving lines: Can help to suggest energy
• Light:
○ Artificial: usually white/oversaturated - shines from above
○ Natural: warmer, more yellow - shines diagonally to suggest sunlight
• Shape:
○ Organic shapes: curved lines, suggests a natural object such as an animal or plant
○ Geometric shapes: sharp, straight lines, suggest something artificial like a car, plane or television.
○ Positive shape: foreground element, catches the eye of the viewer, usually uses bold colour.
○ Negative shape: background element, sits at the back of the image, usually uses flatter colours.
• Texture: the implied feeling of a two-dimensional object. Furry, flat, rough, leafy etc.

Tonal describing words:

• tongue in cheek: Talking or writing in a flippant and dishonest way, making fun of or not taking a subject seriously.
• Pedantic: Always correcting small errors, or assuring that no one is accurate on a subject that the person knows very well. Often seen as an annoying person.
• Biting: (of wit or criticism) harsh or cruel.
• Ironical: using or prone to irony.
• Cynical: concerned only with one's own interests and typically disregarding accepted or appropriate standards in order to achieve them. Also means overly critical
of something/someone.
• Complacent: a feeling of quiet pleasure or security, often while unaware of some potential danger, defect, or the like; self -satisfaction or smug satisfaction with
an existing situation, condition, etc.
• Accepting: Tolerant, truthful, straightforward; Believing something is correct
• Earnest: sincere, honest and intense emotion
• Demanding: Calling for intensive effort or attention; taxing
• Innocent: Gullible, naive, ignorant, unsophisticated, immature, etc.
• Insidious: proceeding in a gradual, subtle way, but with harmful effects
• Instructional: giving detailed information about how something should be done or operated
• Contemptuous: Showing contempt, distaste or scorn
• Sarcastic: using irony to mock or show contempt
• Obsequious: Quality of being overtly attending and/or flattering.
• Submissive: Showing restraint and/or extreme respect for authority.
• Compliant: complying with the opinions/statutes of another entity (group of people, organization, person, etc.), openly supporting/com plying with, these.
• Up-beat: Active and positive, optimistic and friendly, somewhat fast-paced, a varying mixture of these traits.
• Didactic: intended to teach people a moral lesson. Dictating ideals and values.
• Honest: Trying to be as truthful as possible.

SOAPSTONE
Speaker - Who is speaking? Is it a character, or a narrator? Do they have all the information (omniscient) or only some of it (limited)?
Occasion - What is literally happening? Who, What, Where and When? Where does this extract fit into the work as a whole (climax, conflict)?
Audience - Who is the piece intended to appeal to? Which parts of this extract would appeal to which readers? Does the extract use language or structural elements to
achieve this?
Purpose - What is the piece for? Is it fictional or non-fictional? What agenda/reasons does the author have for writing the piece as a whole? What is the purpose of the
extract in particular?
Subject - What is happening figuratively? What themes, symbols or motifs are present in the extract? What rhetorical features and language are used to
reinforce/create these themes?
Tone - How are diction, syntax and other techniques used in order to create a modo in the extract?

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