Examining People’s Attitude and Effectiveness of

Government Role during Lockdown: A Survey of

Noakhali District

Submitted by Submitted to
Faiyaz Ahmad Dr. Md. Roknuzzaman Siddiky
ASH1820014M Associate Professor and Chairman
Session: 2017-18 Department of Sociology, NSTU
Department of Sociology, NSTU

Department of Sociology

Noakhali Science & Technology University

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 Table of Contents
Name of the Chapter Page No.
Abstract 04
01 Introduction 05-06
1.1 Background of the Study 05
1.2 Research Objectives 06
1.3 Research Questions 06
02 Review of the Literature 06
03 Methodology 07-08
3.1 Survey Design 07
3.2 Questionnaire Design 07
3.3 Survey Area and Population 07
3.4 Sampling 08
3.5 Data Collection 08
3.6 Data Analysis Tools 08
04 Data Analysis 09-21
4.1 Demographic Data 09
4.2 Awareness of Lockdown Rules 10
4.3 Going Outside without Emergencies 10-11
4.4 Changes in Normal Life 11-12
4.5 Panic and Sex Role 12-13
4.6 Solvency of People to Survive in this Lockdown 13-14
4.7 Impact of Lockdown on Individual Income 14
4.8 Social Impacts of Lockdown 14-15
4.9 Government Support and Social Class 15-16
4.10 Satisfaction on the Authority Regarding Prevent Covid-19 16
4.11 Family Relationship 17
4.12 Domestic Violence 17
4.13 Changes in Food Habits during Lockdown 18
4.14 Improvement of Health Consciousness among People 18-19

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 4.15 Opinion on the Appropriateness of Lockdown in Accordance with the 19-20
Living Standard
4.16 Choosing Alternative to Lockdown 20
4.17 Stay Home, Stay Safe Feeling of People 21
05 Findings 22-24
06 Conclusion 25
References 25
Questionnaire 26-28

Tables:

Table 1 Demographic Information of Respondents 09

Table 2 Frequency Distribution of Awareness of Lockdown Rules 10
Table 3 Cross Tabulation between Aware of Lockdown Rules * Going 10
Outside without Emergencies
Table 4 Cross Tabulation between Changes in Normal Life * Sex 11
Table 5 Frequency Distribution of Family Solvency 13
Table 6 Social Impacts of Lockdown 15
Table 7 Satisfaction on the Authority Regarding Prevent Covid-19 16
Table 8 Improvement in Family Bonding 17
Table 9 Increase in Domestic Violence 17
Table 10 Choosing Alternative to Lockdown 20
Table 11 Stay Home, Stay Safe Feeling of People 21

Figures:
Figure 1 Histogram of Impact of Lockdown on Individual Income 14
Figure 2 Histogram on Changes in Food Habits during Lockdown 18
Figure 3 Histogram on Improvement of Health Consciousness among People 19
during Lockdown
Figure 4 Bar Chart on People’s Opinion on Appropriateness of Lockdown 19

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 Examining People’s Attitude and Effectiveness of
Government Role during Lockdown: A Survey of

Noakhali District

Abstract

Coronavirus is a rapidly spreading infectious disease which already takes the life of
millions of people around the world. Countries have imposed lockdown to protect
their population from the attack of coronavirus. But imposing lockdown also brought
about so many positive and negative impacts with it. This study was designed to
investigate people’s attitude and the effectiveness of government role during
lockdown. This is a survey study on 100 respondents in Noakhali district. The
respondents are selected by random sampling procedure. It is a cross sectional study
using a close ended likert scale questionnaire which contains 25 questions. Imposing
lockdown is a good decision according to the current situation but lockdown causes
immense sufferings to the poor people who hardly have any savings or lives from
hand to mouth. The administrative authority is also seen reluctant to enforce people to
stay at home. The authority should take well preparation before imposing lockdown
and the administrative authority should also be very careful to receive the best output
from the lockdown. The government tried much to support the poor but that was not
enough to satisfy their needs.

Key Words: Covid-19, Lockdown, Impacts, Mass People, Attitudes, Government.

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 1. Introduction

1.1 Background of the Study

The world is facing the global health emergency that was created due to novel coronavirus and
it’s associated “coronavirus disease-2019” (COVID-19). The first case of COVID-19 was
reported in Wuhan, China, on December 2019, and there after a series of similar cases were
found in the city (Kluwer, 2020). The outbreak, nonetheless, has rapidly accelerated outside
China and was declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a global pandemic on
March 11, 2020. The transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was occurred in human-to-human through
droplets of sneeze, cough or talk, and contact with infected person. Thus, serious debates were
raised on ways to react to the transmission of this disease (Saleh, 2020). As SARS-CoV-2 spread
rapidly, the inability to control COVID-19 through contact tracing left few options to public-
health officials. The major approach has been the adoption of strict rules to decrease individual
mobility and increase social distancing, accompanied by use of personal protective measures
such as masks and gloves. When these measures were sufficiently tight, they have been
described as a ‘lockdown’. China was the first to implement a complete lockdown of Wuhan and
at least 16 other cities by the end of January to try to contain the causal virus (SARS-CoV-2),
then the world followed (Saleh, 2020). The median incubation period for COVID-19 is 5.1 days,
and can be up to 14 days. The incubation period of COVID-19 is important to understand in
establishing, monitoring, surveillance and control of the disease. The severe contagious nature of
COVID-19 has led to an unhealthy situation across the world. The worldwide population is 7.6
billion, and the major part of the population, approximately 3.9 billion people, has been under
lockdown and quarantined in their homes at some point which can now be described as the
largest quarantine in human history (Sultan Ayoub Meo, 2020).

This lockdown situation somehow reduced the spread of covid-19 virus but at the same time it
creates so many difficulties to the social life. Usual activities of people got restricted and
everyone got stuck at their homes. This is true that, lockdown helped to reduce the spread rate
but it has a lot of impacts on social life.

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1.2 Objectives

1. To find out the social impacts of lockdown situation among rural people.
2. To investigate the extent of disruption in normal life of people due to lockdown.
3. To investigate the attitude of mass people toward lockdown.
4. To explore the role of government actions during lockdown period.

1.3 Research Questions

1. What are the social impacts of lockdown among the rural people?
2. What is the extent of disruption in normal life of people due to lockdown?
3. What is the attitude and view of mass people toward lockdown?
4. What is the role of government actions during lockdown period?

2. Review of the Literature

Meo(2020) found that 15 days after the lockdown there was a trend toward a decline, but no
significant decline in the mean prevalence and mean mortality rate due to the COVID-19
pandemic compared to 15 days before, and 15 days during the lockdown in 27 countries. Vinceti
(2020) conducted on the effectiveness and timing of lockdown. He found that lockdown has
connection to the infection rate of covid-19 but for this tighter lockdown is effective.
Kharroubi(2020) and Saleh(2020) conducted a study in Lebanon to test the effectiveness of
lockdown measures in reducing lockdown cases. They found that nationwide lockdown was
effective in reducing cases and has been successful in, so far, containing the virus. Yadav(2020)
conducted a study in India. He argued that, the infection of SARS-CoV-2 reaches to several
places by international and domestic through human travelers and the decision of lockdown has
been successful in getting control of COVID-19 in India.

So, a lot of study have been conducted globally to assess the effectiveness of lockdown and
many of them found it effective. But lockdown has many other social impacts which have been
ignored in their study. In some cases, those impacts can be more severe problem than covid-19.
This study is designed to find out people’s attitude towards lockdown and to explore the impacts
of lockdown on human life.

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 3. Methodology

3.1 Survey Design

This study was conducted to find out the impacts of lockdown system in rural areas of
Bangladesh and to check the effectiveness of the lockdown process to control the spread of novel
coronavirus. The researcher also tried to understand mass people’s view on the lockdown
situation. A cross sectional study was designed to conduct this study. Quantitative data was
employed to pursue the research objectives.

Both primary and secondary data were used to get the best result in this study. Primary data was
collected from the respondents via face to face interview. Secondary data was collected from
relevant websites, journal articles and newspaper reports. The survey was conducted between
March 2021 and May 2021.

3.2 Questionnaire Design

A close ended questionnaire containing 25 questions was used in this research. Likert Scale was
used to collect data from the respondents. The questionnaire includes the demographic data of
the respondents, questions regarding current lockdown situation in Bangladesh, the positive and
negative impacts of the lockdown situation, their views on the effectiveness of lockdown to
control the spread of covid-19. The questionnaire was prepared in English and then translated
into Bengali to make it easier to understand for the respondents. It was an interviewer
administrative questionnaire as the data was collected in a face to face interview. The researcher
filled out the questionnaire according to the response of the respondents.

3.3 Survey Area and Population

The research was conducted in Noakhali, a district of Bangladesh. It is located in the Chittagong
division. The researcher mainly targeted the rural people in this study. Noakhali is a district
where a majority of the people lives in the rural areas. That’s why this area was selected to
conduct the survey. The population was aged between 18-40 years old. Both male and female
respondents were involved in this study. The population were at least secondary school graduate
who can understand the question properly and answer wisely.

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3.4 Sampling

The particular area of study in Noakhali district will be selected through cluster sampling
procedure. Then random sampling procedure was used to draw the respondents from the
population to get the best result. Total 100 respondents were employed in this survey study who
were aged between 18-40 years and at least secondary school graduate who can answer properly.

3.5 Data Collection

Both primary and secondary data was used in this research. Primary data was collected through a
face to face interview with the respondents. The researcher will fill out the questionnaire himself
according to the responses of the respondents. Each respondent was asked the same questions
and answers was recorded in the questionnaire. Secondary data was collected from relevant
websites, journals articles, newspaper reports etc.

3.6 Data Analysis Tools

Collected data from primary sources was gathered and edited very carefully. There might be
some errors and incomplete information in the collected data. This was carefully managed. After
editing and correcting, data was analyzed through MS Excel 2016 and Statistical Package for
Social Sciences (SPSS, 26 Version). The rearranging of data, collapsing of data, scaling of
variables, recoding and necessary merging the categories was also conducted to prepare data for
the final analysis. The overall processing of data was carried out with consultation of
professional experts. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were employed to analyze the
data. Descriptive approach includes tabulation, frequency distribution, mean, median, mode,
standard deviation, chart and diagram. Gamma Test, Z-test and Chi-square test was applied to
test the hypothesis.

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 4. Data Analysis
To determine the minimum and the maximum length of the 5-point Likert type scale, the range is
calculated by (5 − 1 = 4) then divided by five as it is the greatest value of the scale (4 ÷ 5 =
0.80). Afterwards, number one which is the least value in the scale was added in order to identify
the maximum of this cell. The length of the cells is determined below:

From 1 to 1.80 represents (Not at All).

From 1.81 until 2.60 represents (Slightly).

From 2.61 until 3.40 represents (Moderately).

From 3:41 until 4:20 represents (Much).

From 4:21 until 5:00 represents (Very Much). (Mohammad, 2016)

I. Demographic Data

Sex Frequency Percentage

Male 72 72%
Female 28 28%
Social Class
Upper Class 11 11%
Middle Class 55 55%
Lower Class 34 34%
Religion
Muslim 88 88%
Hindu 10 10%
Buddhist 02 2%
Table 1: Demographic Information of Respondents

Among the respondents, 72% were male and 28% were female. 11% respondents were from
upper class, 55% were from middle class and other 34% were from lower class families. 88%
respondents were Muslim by religion, 10% were Hindu and other 2% were Buddhist.

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 II. Awareness of Lockdown Rules

Following rules and regulations of lockdown is very important to make lockdown effective. The
government has taken many actions to aware people about the lockdown situation. This study
tried to find out awareness of people towards lockdown.

Awareness of Lockdown Rules

Frequency Percent
Moderately Aware 23 23.0
Much Aware 40 40.0
Very Much Aware 37 37.0
Total 100 100.0
Table 2: Frequency Distribution of Awareness of Lockdown Rules

23% respondents out of 100 have responded that, they moderately aware of the lockdown rules
in Bangladesh. But 40% respondents know much of the lockdown rules and 37% respondents are
very much confident that they know lockdown rules very well. There were no respondents who
replied that they don’t know lockdown rules at all or just slightly know about them.

III. Going Outside without Emergencies

20% people don’t go outside without any emergencies. Whereas 20% rarely go outside and 6%
sometimes go outside but 47% of the respondents often go outside and another 7% very often go
outside without any emergencies.

Aware of Lockdown Rules * Going Outside without Emergencies Cross tabulation

Going Outside without Emergencies

Never Rarely Occasionally Frequently Very Frequently Total

Aware of Lockdown Rules Moderately 4 1 0 3 7 15

Much 8 15 20 5 0 48

Very Much 8 5 17 7 0 37

Total 20 21 37 15 7 100
Table 3: Cross Tabulation between Aware of Lockdown Rules * Going Outside without Emergencies

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The researcher applied a cross-tab between people who are aware of lockdown rules and people
who go outside without any emergencies. People who knows lockdown rules very well are also
going outside without any emergencies. It came out that, 17% people who are very much aware
of lockdown rules are occasionally going outside and 20% who are much aware of lockdown
rules are going out without any emergencies.

IV. Changes in Normal Life

Changes in Normal Life * Sex Cross tabulation

Sex
Male Female Total
Changes in No Changes at All 9 (A) 23 (B) 32
Normal Life
Moderate Change 15 (C) 2 (D) 17

Very Much Change 48 (E) 3 (F) 51

Total 72 28 100
Table 4: Cross Tabulation between Changes in Normal Life * Sex

Chi-square can be applied here to find the association between sex and changes in normal life.

H0= There is no relationship between sex and changes in normal life during lockdown.

(𝑂−𝐸)2
Chi-square= ∑ , where O= Observed Value, E= Expected Value
𝐸

𝑅𝑇∗𝐶𝑇
Expected Value= , where RT= Row Total, CT= Column Total, GT= Grand Total
𝐺𝑇

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 Name of the A B C D E F
Cell >
O 9 23 15 2 48 3
E 23.04 8.96 12.24 4.76 36.72 14.28
O-E -14.04 14.04 2.76 -2.76 11.28 -11.28
(O-E)2 197.123 197.123 7.618 7.618 127.234 127.234
(O-E)2/E 8.556 22 0.622 1.600 3.465 8.910

(𝑶−𝑬)𝟐
∑ = 45.153
𝑬

So, x2= 45.153

Degree of Freedom= (2-1) (3-1) = 2

The table value of chi-square for 2 degree of freedom at 5% level of significance is 5.99.

As the calculated value is greater than the table value, H0 is rejected.

So, there is a relationship between sex and changes in normal life during lockdown.

Lockdown brought about significant changes in almost everyone’s life. The researcher have tried
to establish a relationship between males and females in terms of changes occurred in their life
during lockdown period. But this changes have mostly occurred among male members as males
in Bangladesh mostly used to work outside more than women. Women who always used to stay
at home don’t feel that much changes in their normal life.

V. Panic and Sex Role

A lot of people got panicked while the government declared nationwide lockdown. The
researcher tried to find association between sex and panic level.

Sex Mean SD Frequency

X1(Female) 3.786 0.786 28
X2(Male) 2.0 0.581 72

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Here,
H0= There is no difference between male and female in terms of getting panicked.
Ha= There is a significant difference between male and female in terms of getting panicked.

𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑋1−𝑴𝒆𝒂𝒏 𝑜𝑓 𝑋2
Z= 2
√𝑆𝐷1 +𝑆𝐷2²
𝑁1 𝑁2

3.786 − 2.0

√0.617 + 0.338
28 72
1.786
=
0.161
=11.076

The table value of Z test at 5% level of significance in 1.96. So, the calculated value is greater
than the table value. So, null hypothesis is rejected. So, there is a significant difference between
male and female in terms of getting panicked.

This analysis shows that, female are more likely to panic when the government imposed
lockdown countrywide.

VI. Solvency of People to Survive in this Lockdown

Family Solvency
Frequency Percent
Not at All 39 39.0
Slightly 13 13.0
Moderately 36 36.0
Much 7 7.0
Very Much 5 5.0
Total 100 100.0

Table 5: Frequency Distribution of Family Solvency

This study found that, only 12% people have the ability to survive well in the lockdown situation
for a long time. 39% people not at all solvent to survive at this situation. 13% people slightly

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 solvent and 36% are moderately solvent. The mean value is 2.26 which suggests that, the family
solvency of people is below moderate to survive during the lockdown.

VII. Impact of Lockdown on Individual Income

Figure 1: Histogram of Impact of Lockdown on Individual Income

As the graph shows, lockdown has a severe impact on income pattern of mass people. Most of
the rural people depends on agriculture, day labor, etc. Everything has been stopped during
lockdown. 18% people has low degree of effect on income pattern during lockdown but a
majority was affected by this. The mean value is 3.73 that suggest much impact on individual
income during lockdown.

VIII. Social Impacts of Lockdown

The respondents were asked about the social impacts of lockdown on their lives. According to
the previously stated criteria in data analysis chapter, the respondents have opined that lockdown
is creating much impacts on their income sources. The respondents also think that, lockdown has
created very much impact on the source of income of middle and lower class peoples. They also
opined that, lockdown has created much impacts on the education sector as well. Finally they

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replied that, lockdown has moderate impacts on mental health of mass people who stay at home
for a very long period of time.

Social Impacts of Lockdown

Effect on Effect on Income Mental
Individual Sources of Middle Effect on Health
Income Class People Education Issues
Mean 3.7300 4.3900 4.1700 3.4100
Median 4.0000 4.0000 4.0000 4.0000
Std. Deviation 1.27806 .52982 .82945 1.31882
Variance 1.633 .281 .688 1.739
Table 6: Social Impacts of Lockdown

IX. Government Support and Social Class

Our government tried a lot to support the insolvent families. But corruption in the regarding
sector hampers this support. This study found that, not so many people received that support
from the government. Almost half of the respondents did not get any sort of government support.
This study tested the association between social class and government support by using
GAMMA TEST as both of these are ordinal variable.

Extent of Government Support

Class No Support at All Somewhat Support Much Support

Upper 6 2 3
Middle 24 11 20
Lower 19 9 6

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 𝑁𝑐−𝑁𝑑
Gamma= 𝑁𝑐+𝑁𝑑

Nc1= 192, Nc2= 86, Nc3= 560, Nc4= 209

So, Nc= 192+86+560+209= 1047

Nd1 = 276, Nd2 = 52, Nd3 = 360, Nd4 = 66

So, Nd = 276+52+360+66= 754

𝑁𝑐−𝑁𝑑 1047−754 293

Gamma= = = = 0.162
𝑁𝑐+𝑁𝑑 1047+754 1801

So, here exists low degree of positive association between social class of people and
government support during lockdown.

X. Satisfaction on the Authority Regarding Prevent Covid-19

Statistics
Satisfaction on Satisfaction on
Gov. Action to Satisfaction on Preparation of the
Prevent Covid Administration's Job Authority
Mean 2.7800 2.6600 1.5800
Median 3.0000 3.0000 1.0000
Std. Deviation 1.29162 1.29162 .76779
Table 7: Satisfaction on the Authority Regarding Prevent Covid-19
The respondents were asked questions regarding their satisfaction with the actions taken by the
government to prevent the population from coronavirus. Respondents were moderately satisfied
with the actions taken by the government. At the same way, they were somewhat satisfied with
the job done by administrations to operate the lockdown properly. Finally, the respondents were
not at all satisfied with the preparation taken by the government before imposing countrywide
lockdown.

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XI. Family Relationship
Improvement in Family Bonding

Frequency Percent
Not at All 2 2.0
Slightly 3 3.0
Moderately 6 6.0
Much 54 54.0
Very Much 35 35.0
Total 100 100.0
Table 8: Improvement in Family Bonding
Lockdown keeps everyone inside their home for a very long time. This study found that, 54%
respondents replied that their family bonding have much increased during the lockdown
situation. Other 35% replied that it has increased very much. Mean value is 4.1700 that indicates
much increase in family bonding.

XII. Domestic Violence

Increase of Domestic Violence
Frequency Percent
Not at All 48 48.0
Slightly 19 19.0
Moderately 12 12.0
Much 16 16.0
Very Much 5 5.0
Total 100 100.0
Table 9: Increase of Domestic Violence
Lockdown situation also caused domestic violence in some families. People get mentally
unhappy while staying so many days at home. But in 48% of the cases have responded as not at
all to domestic violence. Mean value is 2.940 that indicates moderate increase of domestic
violence during lockdown period.

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XIII. Changes in Food Habits during Lockdown

Figure 2: Histogram on Changes in Food Habits during Lockdown

30% of the respondents have much changed their food habit and another 17% changed it very
much while 12% not at all changed, 22% slightly changed and 19% moderately changed their
food habits. The mean value is 3.18 that suggests moderate changes in food habits of people.

XIV. Improvement of Health Consciousness among People

The respondents were asked about the increase of their health consciousness before and after the
lockdown period. 45% respondents replied that their health consciousness have much improved
and 20% respondents replied that their health consciousness have very much improved than
before imposing lockdown. 23% of them responded that their health consciousness moderately
improved than before lockdown. 1% of the respondents not at all changed their consciousness
and 11% slightly changed. The mean value is 3.72 that suggest that there occurs much
improvement in health consciousness of people.

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 Figure 3: Histogram on Improvement of Health Consciousness among People during Lockdown

XV. Opinion on the Appropriateness of Lockdown in Accordance with the Living

Standard

Figure 4: Bar Chart on People’s Opinion on Appropriateness of Lockdown

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 Bangladesh is a middle income country. Lots of people here still living under the poverty line.
This study tried to figure out people’s opinion about appropriateness of lockdown in accordance
with the living standards of people. There were mixed opinions among people. The mean value
is 2.9200 that means there exists moderate view of appropriateness among respondents.

XVI. Choosing Alternative to Lockdown

Choosing Alternative to Lockdown

Valid Cumulative
Frequency Percent Percent Percent
Definitely Not 36 36.0 36.0 36.0
Probably Not 30 30.0 30.0 66.0
Probably 20 20.0 20.0 86.0
Very Probably 4 4.0 4.0 90.0
Definitely 10 10.0 10.0 100.0
Total 100 100.0 100.0
Table 10: Choosing Alternative to Lockdown

There were mixed responses among people regarding the appropriateness of lockdown system in
Bangladesh. The respondents were asked if they think that wearing masks, maintaining social
distance, etc. will be more effective than imposing lockdown. Very few respondents have
supported that. 36% respondents think that there is no alternative to lockdown at this
circumstance. 30% of the respondents slightly supported it whereas 20% were neutral in that
point. Other 4% much supported the alternatives to lockdown and 10% very much preferred
those alternatives over lockdown.

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XVII. Stay Home, Stay Safe Feeling of People

Feeling Safe while Staying at Home

Valid Cumulative
Frequency Percent Percent Percent
Definitely Not 5 5.0 5.0 5.0
Probably Not 14 14.0 14.0 19.0
Probably 5 5.0 5.0 24.0
Very Probably 42 42.0 42.0 66.0
Definitely 34 34.0 34.0 100.0
Total 100 100.0 100.0
Table 11: Stay Home, Stay Safe Feeling of People

42% people feel much safe while staying at home and 34% people feel very much safe. 5%
people still don’t feel safe by staying at home and 14% feel somewhat safe. Other 5% people
moderately feel safe from coronavirus pandemic by staying home. The mean value is 3.860
which indicates that, people feel much safe while staying at home during the coronavirus period.

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 5. Findings

Coronavirus disease is an infectious disease which have taken death tolls of millions of people
worldwide since December, 2019. Bangladesh identified first coronavirus case in March, 2020.
The government of Bangladesh declared nationwide lockdown on 23rd March, 2020. Despite of
the early lockdown, coronavirus cases in Bangladesh increased rapidly. There are a lot of reasons
responsible for this. This study was conducted to find out people’s attitude towards lockdown
especially in the rural areas and to find out the social impacts of lockdown due to coronavirus
situation. Total 100 respondents were asked variety of questions regarding the lockdown
situation. After the data analysis, the researcher came up with some findings as given below.

a) In this research, the respondents were asked if they were aware of the rules and
regulations of lockdown. The result was positive. The mass media played a very vital role
here to make people aware of the lockdown rules and regulations. But the respondents
were asked another question that how often they go outside without any emergencies. A
large part of the respondents replied that they often go outside without any emergencies.
Reluctance of mass people is noticeable here.

b) Lockdown caused a huge change in everyone’s life. People who used to went outside for
job, business, study, etc. everyone got stuck at home for a very long period of time. This
obviously made lots of changes among both male and female. The researcher tested a
hypothesis to find out the relationship between sex and changes in normal life during
lockdown. It is found that, there exist a relationship between sex and changes in normal
life during lockdown. The mean value suggest that, male members experienced most
changes than that of females. In Bangladesh, especially in rural areas, males are the
person who used to go out in search of livelihood, shopping or any other works. Females
are usually stays home and do domestic works such as cooking, rearing children, taking
care of older etc. But lockdown gets everyone stuck at home. But females are very used
to this situation in Bangladesh. So they felt less changes in their normal life than that of
males.

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 c) Lockdown has a lot of social impacts. The researcher tried to find out the effect of
lockdown on income, education, culture etc. Lockdown has severe Impact on income of
mass people. Bangladesh is a middle income country. According to ADB(2019), 20.5%
people in Bangladesh lives below the poverty line. Among this huge proportion of
population, a majority lives from hand to mouth, some depend on the donation of others
and some hardly gets anything to eat. When the government announced nationwide
lockdown, at first it hits to these poor peoples who have a little or no savings. Lockdown
stopped their way to livelihood at first. As the majority of the people in Bangladesh
belongs to the middle class, they also experienced immense sufferings. Middle class
people usually have very little savings for the future. Those who lost their income source
used that savings to survive in the lockdown situation. A lot of people lost their way to
livelihood permanently. During the lockdown situation, many of the middle class families
have turned into lower class. The educational institution have been closed for more than 1
year now. The respondents opined that, this lockdown situation has created a vast impact
on education sector as well. Lockdown creates mental health issues with many people.
Those who are not used to stay at home for a very long period of time, they may have
issues with their mental health.

d) In a middle income country like Bangladesh, most of the people are not solvent enough to
survive in a lockdown situation for a very long time. Middle class people in Bangladesh
usually have no or, very little savings. So, a majority of the people in Bangladesh are not
solvent enough to survive in this lockdown situation for a very long period of time.

e) Lots of people got panicked at the initial stage of lockdown due to some misinformation
and rumors. The researcher tried to establish a relationship between sex and extent of
panic by using z-test where null hypothesis was rejected and the researcher found
significant relationship between sex and getting panicked. The mean suggest that females
are more likely to get panicked during the lockdown situation. In rural areas, education
rate among women is very low. This might be one reason behind this.

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 f) It is known that Bangladesh is a middle income country. The government of Bangladesh
is not rich enough to support this large population for a long time. Although the
government tried enough to support those who needed support. This study tried to
establish an association between social class of people and government support to find
out who actually are receiving those donations from government. It is found that there is
low degree of positive association between social class and government support. But, it
was supposed to be more strong relationship between this two variable. Government are
offering donations especially for the poor peoples. But, political leaders, some culprits of
the regarding authority hampers the right of needy people here.

g) Changes in family relationship is another important impact of lockdown. Due to

lockdown, people had to stay at home for a long time with other family members. This
may resulted in 2 different ways. Either their family bonding would get stronger or, it can
be more worsen. This study found that, family bonding among peoples have very much
improved during the lockdown period. But there were also few cases of domestic
violence. Although most of the respondents have agreed that, lockdown is not creating
domestic unrest but there were few respondents who agreed that lockdown is causing
domestic violence as people get mentally unhealthy while staying at home for a long
period.

h) Changes in food habit is another important aspect of lockdown situation. People’s food
habit is changed to a certain extent during the lockdown. Many people had to change
their food habit because of losing their income source. Many have changed their regular
food habits and replaced it with healthy foods to increase their immunity against
coronavirus.
i) Though lockdown creates lots of problems, people still deny to choose the alternatives of
lockdown like wearing masks, maintaining social distancing, and work from home etc. in
this covid situation. Majority of the respondent believe that lockdown is the best solution
at this moment to prevent the spread of coronavirus.

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Limitations:
Due to the coronavirus situation, the researchers had to maintain extra safety while interacting
with the respondents. As public transports were not available during this period, the researcher
faced difficulties in moving from one place to another. Due to the coronavirus situation, people
usually don’t want to interact with unknown person.

6. Conclusion

Before the availability of effective vaccination, lockdown is the best way to prevent the
coronavirus spread. But lockdown causes lots of problems especially financial problems. People
who lives from hand to mouth have lost their jobs during lockdown. Our government is not
financially rich enough to support this large population. But the government as well as many
non-government organizations are trying to make donations among the poor. It is evident that,
our populations are reluctant to obey the lockdown rules which won’t help to get the best output
from imposing lockdown. People are not satisfied on the actions taken by the authority to operate
a successful lockdown. At the current situation, there is not actual alternative to lockdown before
vaccination. But the government have to ensure the basic needs of needy peoples before
imposing lockdown. The administration should also do their duty properly to make people stay
inside their home.

References
Kluwer, W. (2020). Impact of lockdown to control over Novel Coronavirus and COVID-19 in India. Journal
of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 5142–5147.

Marco Vinceti, T. F. (2020). Lockdown timing and efficacy in controlling COVID-19 using mobile phone
tracking. ELSEVIER, 1-8.

Mohammad, A. (2016, 12 14). Retrieved from Researchgate: http://www.researchgate.net

Saleh, S. K. (2020). Are Lockdown Measures Effective Againts Covid-19. Frontiers in Public Health Journal,
55-62.

Sultan Ayoub Meo, A. A. (2020). Impact of lockdown on COVID-19 prevalence and mortality during 2020
pandemic. European Journal, 12-19.

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Questionnaire:
Demographic Profile

1. Name:

2. Age:

3. Religion

4. Gender:

5. Occupation:

6. Address:

1. Are you aware of the rules and regulations of lockdown?

1 Not at All 2 Slightly 3 Moderately 4 Much Aware 5 Very Much

Aware Aware Aware Aware
2. To what extent you follow the rules of lockdown?

1 Not at All 2 Slightly 3 Moderately 4 Much 5 Very Much

3. Is lockdown causing any changes to your normal life?

1 No Changes at All 3 Moderate Change 5 Very Much Change

4. How often do you go outside without any emergencies during the lockdown situation?

1 Never 2 Rarely 3 Occasionally 4 Frequently 5 Very Frequently

5. Is your family solvent enough to survive in this lockdown situation?

1 Not at All 2 Somewhat 3 Moderately 4 Much Solvent 5 Very Much

Solvent Solvent Solvent Solvent
6. Is this lockdown situation affecting your income pattern?

1 Not at All 2 Slightly 3 Moderately 4 Much 5 Very Much

7. Is there any changes in your lifestyle due to lockdown?

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 1 No Changes 2 Slight 3 Moderate 4 Much Change 5 Very Much
at All Change Change Change
8. Did you get panicked when government imposed lockdown?

1 Not at All 2 Slightly 3 Moderately 4 Much 5 Very Much

9. Is there any changes is your food habits during the lockdown period?

1 No Changes 2 Slight 3 Moderate 4 Much Change 5 Very Much

at All Change Change Change
10. Do you think lockdown hampers the income source of middle and lower class peoples?

1 Not at All 2 Slightly 3 Moderately 4 Much 5 Very Much

11. Does lockdown causing any harm to your or any of your family member’s education?

1 Not at All 2 Slightly 3 Moderately 4 Much 5 Very Much

12. Is this lockdown responsible for causing any domestic unrest?

1 Not at All 2 Slightly 3 Moderately 4 Much 5 Very Much

responsible responsible responsible responsible
13. Do you think family bonding are getting stronger during the lockdown period?

1 Not at All 2 Slightly 3 Moderately 4 Much 5 Very Much

14. Do you think lockdown is causing any mental health issues?

1 Not at All 2 Slightly 3 Moderately 4 Much 5 Very Much

15. Do you think our country is financially strong to support middle and lower class people
during lockdown?

1 Not at All 2 Slightly 3 Moderately 4 Much 5 Very Much

16. Do you think lockdown rules in Bangladesh are appropriate in accordance with the living
styles of people?

1 Not at All 2 Slightly 3 Moderately 4 Much 5 Very Much

17. Did the authority in your area took enough preparation to operate a successful lockdown?

1 Not at All 2 Slightly 3 Moderately 4 Much 5 Very Much

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 18. Do you think administrative bodies are doing their job properly to operate a successful
lockdown?

1 Not at All 2 Slightly 3 Moderately 4 Much 5 Very Much

19. Are you satisfied with the actions taken by the government to control the spread of
covid?

1 Very 2 Dissatisfied 3 Neither 4 Satisfied 5 Very satisfied

dissatisfied
20. Have you received any sort of government support during the lockdown period?

1 No Support at All 2 Somewhat Support 3 Much Support

21. Is the spread of coronavirus in your locality is reduced after imposing lockdown than
before lockdown?

1 Not at All 2 Slightly 3 Moderately 4 Much 5 Very Much

22. Do you think staying at home can prevent you from coronavirus rather than going
outside?

1 Definitely 2 Probably Not 3 Probably 4 Very 5 Definitely

Not Probably
23. Is your health consciousness increased after imposing lockdown than before?

1 Not at All 2 Slightly 3 Moderately 4 Much 5 Very Much

Increased Increased Increased Increased
24. Do you think alternative ways such as wearing masks, maintaining social distance will be
more effective than imposing lockdown?

1 Definitely 2 Probably Not 3 Probably 4 Very 5 Definitely

Not Probably
25. Do you think imposing lockdown is the best solution to prevent covid-19?

1 Definitely 2 Probably Not 3 Probably 4 Very 5 Definitely

Not Probably

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