LESSON 4:

At the end of this module, the learner shall be able to:

1. Discuss understanding of mental health and psychological well-being to identify
ways to cope with.
2. Identify causes and effects of stress in one’s life.
3. Demonstrate personal ways to cope with stress and maintain mental health.
Mental Health
a state of well-being in which the individual
realizes his/her own abilities, can work
productively and fruitfully and is able to make
contribution to his/her community.
Psychological well-being refers to an
individual’s state or condition that is free from
any mental or emotional disorders.

Psychological well-being consists of positive

relationships with others, personal mastery, Did you know that?
autonomy, a feeling of purpose and meaning in life, Mental health may boost physical
and lastly, personal growth and development. health; thus you may be free from any
body pains or sickness.
 It is our body’s reaction to pressures,
responsibilities, and threats (real or imagined).
A stressor is any event, object, or person that causes stress.
Stress means different things to different people. What causes stress in one person
may be of little concern to another, may it be a

problem with money, pressure at school, or conflict with relationship

1. EUSTRESS
A stress that challenge and motivate
you to find creative solution to your concern.
The positive type of stress
2. DISTRESS
A stress that becomes overwhelming,
bothersome and leads to a sense helplessness
and exhaustion.
The negative type of stress
PHYSICAL STRESSORS SOCIAL STRESSORS PSYCHOLOGICAL
STRESSORS
• Heat • Social economic and • These are events and stimuli
• Cold political situations that cause one to experience
• Noise • Family psychological stress.
• Fire • Job and career
• Traffic • Interpersonal and
• Violence environmental stressors
• Own Illness
• Poor classroom conditions
Cognitive Symptoms

 Memory problems
 Unable to concentrate
 Poor judgement
 Seeing only the negative
 Being anxious
 Worrying constantly
Emotional Symptoms

 Moodiness
 Irritability or short temper
 Agitation or restlessness
 Feeling of being overwhelmed
 Sense of loneliness or isolation
 Unhappiness
Physical Symptoms

 Body aches and pains

 Diarrhea or constipation
 Nausea
 Chest pain
 Rapid heartbeat
 Frequent colds
Behavioral Symptoms
 Eating more or less
 Sleeping too much or too little
 Isolating yourself from others
 Procrastinating
 Neglecting responsibilities
 Drinking alcoholic beverages, smoking cigarettes, taking illegal drugs,
playing computer for several hours
 Having nervous habits such as nail biting and pacing restlessly
Stress is part of growing up. You may feel pressure in everything you do,
both at home and school.
You experience stress when you respond to stressors that you perceive to
exceed your capabilities.
Stress at some point can be life threatening depending on how one
manages stress to escape from the harm it can cause.
 Coping involves managing difficult situations, exerting efforts to
solve your problems, and striving to master or reduce the stressful
effects of these situations. In order to cope successfully, attitude
plays a key role.
Santrock, 2012
 According to the World Health Organization (WHO), adolescence is a crucial period for
developing and maintaining social and emotional habits important for mental well-being. These
include:
1. adopting healthy sleep patterns
2. taking regular exercise
3. developing coping strategies
4. problem-solving
5. interpersonal skills

6. learning to manage emotions

Suggestions for coping with stress according to American
Psychological Association:
 Get some sleep
 Focus on strengths
 Engage in physical activity
 Do things that make you happy
 Talk to someone
 Just like our physical health, mental health is essential in our
lives. However, it is different when one has a mental illness because
this includes emotional, psychological, and social health. It can
influence one's feelings, thoughts, social and emotional well-being.
 Mental illness refers to diagnosable mental
disorders characterized by alterations in thinking, mood,
or behavior (or a combination thereof) associated with
distress and impaired functioning (Magpantay and
Danao, 2016)
 Anorexia Nervosa
Eating Bulimia Nervosa
Disorder
Binge-Eating Disorder
 According to DSM5 2013 (Diagnostic and
Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder), it is
characterized by persistent disturbance of eating that
result in altered consumption or absorption of food and
significantly impair physical or psychosocial functioning.
This disorder is common among adolescents due
to dissatisfaction of one’s body.
Anorexia Nervosa
 Intense fear of gaining weight
 Disturbed body image
 Refusal to maintain normal body weight
 Dangerous measures to lose weight
 Average onset is age 13
Bulimia Nervosa
 Over indulgence of food followed by induced
vomiting, fasting and excessive exercise
 Average onset is 16 to 19 years old.
Binge-Eating Disorder
 Characterized by over-eating but NOT
followed by efforts to induce vomiting, fasting
and exercise
 Onset usually in adolescence; often persists
into old age,
 Phobic

Obsessive- Panic
Anxiety disorder
compulsive

Separation
Anxiety
 Characterized by excessive fear,
anxiety and related behavioral
disturbance.
Phobic Disorder
 Irrational fear of specific object or situation
that negatively affects daily activities.
 Accompanied by physical symptoms such as
trembling and palpitation.
Panic Disorder
It causes panic attacks which are sudden feelings of
terror when there is no real danger. You may feel as
if you are loosing control
Abrupt surge of intense fear or discomfort
 Physical symptoms include fainting, sweating,
palpitations, chest pain, and dizziness.
Separation Anxiety Disorder
 Excessive anxiety felt by children when their
parents leave them. They may worry that
something bad might happen to their parent or to
someone else they love.
 They may also have physical symptoms like
stomach aches or even throwing up out of fear.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
 people have recurring, unwanted thoughts,
ideas or sensations (obsessions) that make
them feel driven to do something repetitively
(compulsions)
Obsessive thoughts can include:

 fear of germs or getting dirty

Need for things to be placed in an exact
order
Compulsive habits can include:
 repetitive checking on a locked door, light
switch, and other things
Putting items in an exact order, like cans
with labels facing front
Fear of touching doorknobs, using public
toilets or shaking
Need to count things, like steps or bottles
Personality Disorder
According to American Psychiatric Association it is a way of thinking, feeling, and
behaving that deviates from the expectation of culture, causes distress or problems functioning
lasts over time.
Personality disorders affect at least two of these areas :
 Way of thinking about oneself and others
 Way of responding emotionally
 Way of relating to other people
 Way of controlling one’s behavior
 Paranoid Personality Disorder
Anti-social Personality Disorder
Histrionic Personality Disorder
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
Avoidant Personality Disorder
Dependent Personality Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Paranoid Personality Disorder
 Distrust and suspiciousness on the motives of the
people around them
Thoughts of persecution causes fear
Persistently bears grudges
Anti-social Personality Disorder
Violating/ignoring the rights of others.
They do not care if their behaviors may harm
others.
Repeated lying, manipulating others
Histrionic Personality Disorder
 Shows excessive emotionality and attention
seeking behaviors. May cry for no apparent reason
just to express their feelings.
 Wants attention
 Uses physical appearance to get attention
 Uncomfortable when they are not the center of
attention
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
 Self-centered
 Exaggerated self-esteem
 Deep need for excessive attention and admiration
 Lack of empathy for others
 Envy of others or belief that others are envious of them
 Demonstration of arrogance and haughty behaviors or
attitude.
Avoidant Personality Disorder
 Pattern of extreme shyness
 Extreme sensitivity to criticism
 Prefer to be alone and avoid social activities because of
fear of being judged.
 View themselves as not good of being enough.
Dependent Personality Disorder
Submissive and clinging behavior related to excessive
need to be taken care of.
Cannot work alone
Feels helpless if not attended by someone
Demand someone to be always at their side
Obsessive-Compulsive Personality
Disorder
 Pre-occupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and
control
 Overly focused on details or schedules
 Work excessively not allowing time for leisure or friends
Ex. They frequently do not complete projects because they
get lost in details
Schizophrenia and Psychotic Disorders
According to DSM5, they are defined as abnormalities in one or more of the following:
Delusion (believing that others are watching or following you)
Hallucination (seeing people not present, hearing voices)
Disorganized speech
Abnormal motor behavior
Odd thoughts
Psychosis (loss of contact with reality)
DRUG a substance such as alcohol, caffeine, marijuana, and tobacco whose chemical actions
alter the biological and psychological functioning of an individual.
DRUG DEPENDENCY occurs when a person can no longer control his or her substance
intake.
DRUG ABUSE individual relies on drugs excessively which affects his work, life, and
family.
TOLERANCE is the individual’s capacity to use the substance repeatedly by small doses
and later larger doses to produce desired effect (Sevilla, 2000).
Adolescence like you maybe prone to any of the disorders previously described if not
aware of the possible threats that may contribute to the development of such disorders.
These includes;
Family Situations
Socioeconomic Factors
School-Related Factors
Enhancing Self-Esteem
Enhancing Resilience
Developing Self Regulation
Enhancing Social Skills
Techniques on how to enhance resilience: Techniques to strengthen your problem-
1. Establish connections solving abilities
2. Be more optimistic 1. Set realistic goals
3. Love and take care of yourself 2. Identify and list all possible
4. Strengthen your problem-solving abilities solutions
5. Accept the reality that nothing is permanent 3. Explore the consequences of
in this world suggested solutions
4. Prioritize the solutions
5. Implement solutions
Ways on how to promote positive relationships with others :
1. Promote good feelings through positive reciprocity
2. Show empathy
3. Clarify boundaries and set people limitations
4. Learn to negotiate
5. Express gratitude
6. Practice forgiveness
7. Learn to help others
8. Accept help from others
Always remember...

“It’s not the load that breaks you

down but the way you carry it.”

- Lou Holtz