Steel and Market Forms Of Steel

What is steel?
Metals are widely used in construction field.
Out of the various metals iron is the most popular one.
Based on the carbon content in iron, it can be classified into 3 based on the carbon
content mentioned with it

Carbon Content in Iron Wrought iron Does not exceed 0.15%,

In Steel Below 0.25% to 1.50% maxi
In Cast-iron (pig iron) 2 to 4%
•Based on the carbon content in steel, it can be classified into 3 as

( Very low carbon steel(dead steel) < 0.1% )

Mild steel Up to 0.25 %

Medium carbon Steel 0.25 – 0.7 %

High carbon Steel (hard steel) 0.7 – 1.5 %

 Market forms of
steel
Angle sections

Channel sections
Square bars
I- sections
Corrugated sheets
T- sections
Expanded metal
Round bars
Flat bars
Square bars
Plates

Ribbed tor steel bars

Angle sections

● Angle sections have two legs

● If two legs are of equal length then they are known as equal angle section and otherwise called as
unequal angle section
● The equal angle sections are available in sizes varying from 20 mm x 20 mm x 3 mm to 200 mm x
200 mm x 25 mm.
● The unequal angle sections are available in sizes varying from 30 mm x 20 mm x 3 mm to 200 mm x
150 mm x 18 mm.
● Extensively used in the structural steelwork especially in the construction of steel roof trusses and
filler joist floors
Chanel sections
The channel sections consist of a web with equal flanges

Channel section is designated by the height of web and width of flange.

These sections are available in sizes varying from 100 mm x 45 mm to 400 mm x

100 mm.

The Bureau of Indian Standards has classified channel sections as

ISJC - Indian Standard Junior Channel

ISLC - Indian Standard Light Channel

ISMC - Indian Standard Medium Channel

ISSC - Indian Standard Special Channel

The channel sections are widely used as the structural members in steel - framed
structures, crane girders, beams & steel bridge
I-Section
Commonly known as Rolled Steel Joist (RSJ) or beams. • RSJ are economical in material and are suitable for beams,
lintels,
• An I section consist of two flanges and a connecting web
columns, grillage foundations etc.
• It is designated by
• Unequal I sections with heavy weight are used as rails
❖ overall depth
❖ width of flange and
❖ weight per meter length.

• They are available in various sizes from 75mm x 50mmx at 61

N/m

to 600mm x 210mm at 995N/m.

• The Bureau of Indian Standards has classified the I-sections

into

junior beams, light beams, medium beams, wide-flange beams

and

heavy beams and they are accordingly designated as I.S.J.B.,

I.S.L.B., I.S.M.B., I.S.W.B. and I.S.H.B. respectively.

T-sections
• The shape of the section is like that of letter T
• it consists of flange and web
• It is designated by overall dimensions and thickness.
• These sections are available in sizes varying from
– 20 mm x 20 mm x 3 mm to 150 mm x 150 mm x 10
mm.
• These sections are widely used as members of the
steel roof
trusses and to form built-up sections.
Plates
• The plate sections of steel are available in different sizes with

thickness varying from 5 mm to 50 mm.

• They are used mainly for the following purposes in the

structural steelwork:

(i) to connect steel beams for extension of the length

(ii) to serve as tensional members of steel roof truss and

(iii) to form built-up sections of steel

Round Bars
• These are available in circular cross-sections with diameters

varying from 5 mm to 25 mm.

• They are widely used as reinforcement in concrete structures,

construction of steel grillwork, etc.

• The commonly used cross sections have diameters varying

from 5 mm to 25 mm with the corresponding weights as 1.50

N/m and 38 N/m respectively.

Square Bars
• These are available in square cross-section with sides varying

from 5 mm to 25 mm.

• They are widely used in the construction of steel grillwork, for

windows, gates, etc.

• Commonly used cross-sections have sides varying from 5 mm

to 25 mm with corresponding weights per meter length as 2 N

and 49N.
Corrugated sheets

• These are formed by passing steel sheets through grooves.

• These grooves bend and press steel sheets and corrugations are

formed on the sheets.

• These corrugated sheets are usually galvanized and they are

referred to as the galvanized iron sheets or G.I sheets.

• These sheets are widely used for roof covering.

Expanded Metals
Formed by cutting and expanding either plain sheets or ribbed sheets of mild
steel.
A diamond mesh appearance is formed through out the area.
The manufactures sheets are thus known as diamond mesh or rib mesh.
Diamond mesh has sizes from 30 to 150mm across the shorter length of the mesh
and is available in length 1 to 3m and width 5m.
Expanded metal is used as roads, floors, bridges, reinforcing concrete foundations
etc. It is also used as lathing material and for partitions
Flat bars
• These are available in

– widths varying from 10 mm to 400 mm

– thickness varying from 5mm to 40 mm

• They are widely used in the

construction of steel grillwork for

windows and gates.

Ribbed tor steel bars

• The steel bars used in reinforced cement concrete are called

reinforcing bars or rebars. These are of two types.

1. Plane steel bars:

2. Tor steel bars:

Plane steel bars:

• Round sections, which are made up of mild

steel, medium
tensile steel or high tensile steel are used in
reinforced cement
concrete.
• But the present trend in India is to go for tor
steel
bars.
• Plane steel bars are available from 5mm to
32 mm for reinforcing purpose.
Ribbed-tor steel bars
• These bars are produced from the ribbed-tor steel which is a deformed high strength steel.

• These bars have ribs or projections on their surface and they are produced by controlled cold twisting
of hot-rolled bars.

• Each bar is to be twisted individually and it is tested to confirm the standard requirements.

• The ribbed-tor steel bars are available in sizes varying from 6mm 50mm diameter, with the
corresponding weights as 2.22 N/m and 154.10 N/m.

• These bars are widely used as reinforcement a concrete structures such as buildings, bridges, docks
and harbor structure, roads, irrigation works, pile foundations, pre-cast concrete works, etc.
Thank You