Page No ...

1
I NEW SCHEME I EC51

USN
Fifth Semester B.E. Degree Examination, January/February 2005
EC/TE/BM/ML
Analog Communication
Time:3 hrs.] [Max.Marks: 100

Note: Answer any FIVE full questions.

1. (a) Define standard form of amplitude modulation and explain each term.
(4 Marks)

(b) Explain with the help of a neat sketch, how square law modulator is used to
generate AM. (6 Marks)

(c) An audio frequency signal 5 sin 211" (1000)t is used to amplitude modulate a
carrier of 100 sin 211" (106)t. Assume modulation index as 0.4. Find
i) Sideband frequencies
ii) Amplitude of each sideband
iii) Bandwidth require
iv) Total power delive ed to a load of 100f!. (10 Marks)

2. (a) What is DSB-SC modulation? What are the advantages and limitations of
DSB-SC as compared to standard AM? (5 Marks)

(b) Explain how ring modulator can be used to generate DSB-SC modulation.
(9 Marks)

(c) Define:
i) Hilbert transform
ii) Pre-envelope
iii) Complex envelope (6 Marks)

3. (a) Derive an expression for SSB modulated wave for which upper sideband is
retained. (8 Marks)

(b) Explain how downward frequency translation is achieved with the help of a
block diagram. (8 Marks)

(c) What are the features of HDTV? What are its limitations? (4 Marks)

4. (a) Define angle modulation. Describe with the help of block diagrams, schemes
for generating. (8 Marks)

i) FM wave using PM ii) PM wave using FM.

(b) Derive an expression for the spectrum ofFM wave with sinusoidal modulation.
(7 Marks)

Couid .... 2
Page No ... 2 EC51
(c) An angle modulated signal is described by
s(t) = 10cos[27f(106)t + 0.1 sin (103)t].

Find message signal m(t)

i) Considering s(t) is PM with kp = 10
ii) Considering s(t) is FM with k f = 5 (5 Marks)

5. (a) Describe with necessary equations and block diagram, the generation of
narrow band FM. (6 Marks)

(b) Explain the demodulation of FM wave using zero crossing detector. (7 Marks)

(c) Determine the instantaneous frequencies of the following signals.

i) 4cos(1807f + f)
ii) 10 cos (87ft + 7ft2)
iii) cos l007ft cos( sin27ft) + sin 1007ft sin (sin27ft) (7 Marks)

6. (a) What is conditional probability? Prove that P(AB) = P(B/A)P(A)

(5 Marks)
(b) Discuss the properties of Gaussian process. (10 Marks)

(c) The probability density function (PDF) of a random variable is given as

f (x) = { k
x 0
f01' x =r=:
otherurise
2 and 4

Where k is a constant. Sketch the PDF and determine the value of k.

(5 Marks)

7. (a) What is noise equivalent bandwidth? Derive an expression for noise equivalent
bandwidth. (8 Marks)

(b) Derive an expression for power spectral density of noise n( t). Draw the power
spectral density of noise n( t), in-phase component n I( t) and quadrature corn-
ponent nQ(t) in a high Q tuned filter shown in the figure below.
(8 l'I[" r hl

L C
o----..cYn~ ~I-----'I --0

(j)~ ~ R ?:to ND7.!J.e

~C0
0. _ --__
__--~---<b
~CH·

(c) In a receiver system three 2 port devices are connected in cascade. The noise
figures and gains of each device are as follows.
Fl = 6dB, G1 = 43dB, F2 = lOdB, G2 = 20dB, F3 = l3dB, and G3 = lOdE.
Find out the approximate effective noise figure of the receiver. (4 Marks)

8. (a) Discuss the noise in DSB-SC receiver with a model receiver using coherent
detection. Prove that the' figure of merit for such a receiver in unity.
(12 Marks)
(b) Discuss pre-emphasis and de-emphasis in FM. (8 Marks)

** * **
Page No ... 1
I NEW SCHEME I EC52

USN
ifth Semester B.E. Degree Examination, .Ianuaryy Febr uary 2005
EC/TE/BM/ML
Digital Signal Processing
'ime:3 hrs.] [Max.Marks: 100
Note: 1. Answer any FIVE full questions.
2. Use of norrnalized cbebysbev Butterworth
prototype tables NOT allowed.
1. (a) Let xp(n) be a periodic sequence with fundamental period N. Let XI(k)
denote the N-point DFT of one period of xp(n) and X3(k) be the 3N-point
DFT of three periods of xp(n). What is the relationship between XI(k) and
X3(k) for O:s k:s N --1. (10 Marks)
(b) Let x(n) be any N-point sequence and X(k) be the corresponding N-point
DFT. Suppose that xI(n) = x((m - n))N' where 0:s m:s N -1 . Starting
from the definition of DFT, find XI(k), the N-point DFT of the sequence
xI(n). Using this result, and any other properties of DFT, determine XI(k)
if Xl (n) = x( (2 - n))8, if the first five values of the 8-point DFT of a real
valued sequence are as follows:
{16, -(2J2 + 2) - j(2J2 + 2),0, (2J2 - 2), -j(2v2 - 2).0} (10 Marks)
2. (a) A long sequence x(n) is filtered through a filter with impulse response h(n) to
yield the output y(n). Ifx(n)= {1,1,1,1,1,3,1,1,4,2,1,1,3,1}, h(n) = {I-I},
compute y(n) using the overlap save technique. Use only a 5-point ircular
convolution in your approach. (12 Marks)
(b) Consider a finite-duration sequence x(n)={O, 1,2,3,4, 5}.
i) Sketch the sequence s(n) with 6-point DFT S(k) =WfX(k).
ii) Determine the sequence y(n) with 6-point DFT Y(k)=ReX(k), the real
part of X(k). (8 Marks)
3. ( a) Starting from the definition, prove the following:
i) r,~=(/y(n) = r,;;~(/
xI(n) r,;;=ol
x2(n), where xI(n) and x2(n) are two
N-point sequences and y(n) the N-point circular convolution of xI(n)
and x2(n).
ii) 'E:~o1 x(n) 12 = Jv r,~o I X(k) 12, where x(n) is an N-point sequence,
and X(k) the corresponding N-point DFT. Prove any intermediate result
that you may use. (8 Marks)
(b) Let x(n)= 28(n) + b'(n - 1) + 8(n - 3). Obtain the sequence y(n) whose
5-point DFT Y(k)= (X(k))2, where X(k) is the 5-point DFT of x(n).
(4 Marks)
(c) L t x(n) be the following 8-point sequence:
x(n)= {12' 1, Jz, 0, - Jz, -1, - Jz, o} .
Use the decimation-in-time FFT algorithm to compute the DFT of the above
seq uence. Provide the values at the intermediate stages.
1. (a) Let X(k), ° (8 Marks)
:Sk :SN -1, to be discrete Fourier transform of a sequence x(n).
How would you use an FFT algorithm to compute the inverse DFT (i.e.,
obtain x(n) from X(k))? Hence determine the sequence x(n) whose 8-point
DFT is given by the sequence X(k)= {0,4 - j4, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,4 + j4}. Use the
decimation- in-frequency FFT algorithm to arrive at your answer. Provide
the values at the intermediate stages. (12 Marks)

Contd .... 2
Page No ... 2 EC52
(b) Consider the sequence x(n) = u(n)- u(n-8). Using chirp-z transform,
determine the following values X (zo) and X (Zl) where Zo = ej and Zl = ¥
ej ¥. (8 Marks)
5. (a) Design a lowpass digital filter using bilinear transformation. The filter is
to be monotonic in both stop-and pass-bands and has all of the following
characteristics: (i) an acceptable passband ripple of 1 dB, (ii) a passband
edge of 0.37r rad, and (iii) stopband attenuation of 40dB or greater beyond
0.67r rad. (16 Marks)
(b) Transform the alalog filter H(s) = (S+1)1;+2) to a digital filter using the
matched z-transform. Let T=0.5sec. (4 Marks)
6. (a) Using the impulse reaponse technique, design a lowpass digital filter that
is equiripple in the passband, and monotone in the stopband. The filter
passband edge is at 0.17rrad with a ripple of 2.5 dB or less, and the stopband
edge at 0.27r rad with attenuation 40 dB or more. Use T=1. (16 Marks)
(b) Transform the analog filter H(s)= soia' a > 0 to a digital filter using the
backward- difference mapping. Comment on the stability of the digital filter.
(4 Marks)
7. (a) Let the specifications on a filter be as follows:
0.99 ::;1 H( ejW) I::; 1.01, 0::;-w ::; 0.27r
1 H(ejW) I::; 0.05, 0.257r-::;W ::; 0.67r,
0.99::;1 H(ejW) I::; 1.01,0.711"::; w::; 11"

(i) These specifications approximate an ideal filter. Derive the impulse

response of this ideal filter.
(ii) Design a linear-phase filter that satisfies the above specifications using
the Kaiser window. Give the expression for the impulse response of the
designed filter. (10 Marks)
(b) Starting from a lowpass Butterworth prototype alanog filter, design a fourth-
order Butterworth bandpass analog filter with upper and lower band edge
frequencies 10rad/§~~ and 5rad/sec. (4 Marks)
(c) Consider an FIR lattice filter with coefficients Kl = 0.65, K2 = -0.34, k3 =
0.8. Find its impulse response. Draw the equivalent direct-form structure.
(6 Marks)
8. (a) By choosing an appropriate window, design a linear-phase, odd-length, low-
pass FIR filter that satisfies the following specifications:
0.985::;1 H(ejW) I::; 1.015, 0::; w::; 0.27r,
1 H( eiw) I~ 0.001, 0.37r::;W ::; 7r
Give the expressions for the impulse response and the corresponding frequency
response. (8 Marks)
1 1 -1
(b) Consider the system function H(z) = 1 1 ~'5Z 2) 1 1
(l-2"Z- +!z- (1+/Iz-)
i) Realise the system in direct form I.
ii) Realise the system in cascade form using first- and second-order form II
sections.
iii) Realise the system in parallel form using first- and second-order direct
form II sections. (12 Marks)

** * **
Oage No ... 1
I NEW SCHEME I EC53

USN
'ifth Semester B.E. Degree Examination, January/February 2005
EC/TE/BM/ML
Transmission Lines & Wave Guides.
Ime: 3 hrs.] [Max.Marks: 100

Note: 1. Answer any FIVE full questions.

2. Use of Smith chart permitted wherever pertinent.

1. (a) 'A line of finite length, terminated in a load equivalent to its characteristic
impedance, appears to the sending end generator as an infinite line'. Establish
the statement starting from the fundamentals. (14 Marks)

(b) Show that for a distortionless line, the characteristic impedance will be a
pure resistance. (6 Marks)

2. (a) What is insertion loss? Derive an expression for insertion loss in terms of
reflection factors. (8 Marks)

(b) A 16 gauge cable, 80 km long, is inserted between a generator ofZV, 6000, W =

5000rad/ see and terminated in Zoo Find the decibel loss in power in the load.
Characteristics of 16 gauge cable are:
R L C G
Z6.60/Km 0.63mH/Km 0.039J.Lf/km 0.94J.L /Km
(6 Marks)

(c) Compute the elements of a constant K lowpass network having cutoff fre-
quency fe = 2000 cycles and load of 50000
(6 Marks)

3. (a) Differentiate between trvelling waves and standing waves. (4 Marks)

(b) Show that the input impedance of OC and SC lossless lines are purely reactive.
(8 Marks)

(c) Show that the maximum and minimum impedances on the line for a lossless
line is given by Ro.S and Ro/ S. (8 Marks)

4. (a) Explain standing waves, standing wave ratio, reflection co-efficient. Derive
the relation between them. (8 Marks)

(b) Explain the quarter wave transformer. (6 Marks)

(c) A lossless line of characteristic resistance Ro = 1000 is terminated by a

load which gives VSWR = 3 operating at 300MHz frequency. During the
measurements the first voltage maximum of 10 volts appeared at a distance
of 3.2mt from the termination. Determine the load impedance and the power
delivered to load. (6 Marks)

Contd .... 2
Page No ... 2 EC53

5. (a) The terminating load of transmission line (Zo S~ = 0) working at 300MHz

is (SO + jSO) ohms. Calculate VSWR and reflection co-efficient .
(6 Marks)

(b) Derive equations for the length and location of the single stub matching
device in terms of the reflection co-efficient of the transmission line.
(8 Marks)

(c) A lossless transmission line operating at one G Hz has reflection coefficient

of K = O.S~. Determine the length and location of the single stub for
matching the line. (6 Marks)

6. (a) A lossless line of characteristic resistance Ro = 3000 operating at 45MHz

frequency is connected to a load of 7SO. Determine the lengths and location
of two short circuited stubs which are to be placed at A/4 distance apart to
produce impedance matching. (use Smith chart) (7 Marks)

(b) Starting from Maxwell's equations, derive the expressions for field components
for TE waves travelling between infinitely conducting parallel planes.
(7 Marks)

(c) For frequency of 6000 mega cycles and plane separation = 7em, find the cut
off frequency, phase constant and wavelength. Is it possible to propagate
T E3 mode? (6 Marks)

7. (a) Discuss various TErnn modes that can exist in rectangular waveguides and
write their cutoff wavelengths. What is the advantage of having only one
dominant mode in case of T Ern,n propagation. (8 Marks)

(b) Find the cutoff frequencies for a dominant T Ernn wave in air in rectangular
waveguide measuring Scm x 2.5cm. Calculate phase & group velocities at
frequency of 6000 megacycles. (6 Marks)

(c) Write the field pattern for T E20andT ElO modes in rectangular wave guide.
(6 Marks)

8. (a) What is cavity resonator? Show that cavity resonator has only one frequency
of resonance for a given mode. List out applications of cavity resonator.
(12 Marks)

(b) Discuss the methods of exciting various modes in rectangular waveguides.

(8 Marks)

** * **
3

.z
Page No ... 1
I NEW SCHEME I EC54

.)
USN
.g
Fifth Semester B.E. Degree Examination, January/February 200~
s)

It EC/TC
Advanced Microprocessors
Time: 3 hrs.] [Max.Marks : 100
.z
Note: Answer any FIVE full questions.
n
2. All questions carry equal marks.
o
s)
1. (a) Trace the development of intel 86 family of microprocessors briefly indicating
;s the additional features introduced at each stage of development from 8086 to
Pentium IV. (10 Marks)

s) (b) Enumerate the user programmable registers of the 8086 processor. Describe
it their general and special uses. (6 Marks)
,e
(c) State the segments use d in calculating the physical memory address in the
s)
following instructions :
d i) MOV AX, [BP+6]
Ii) MOV AX, [DI+6] (4 Marks)

2. (a) Explain with examples, different addressing modes of the 8086 processor.
(10 Marks)

(b) Explain the (MOD-REG-R/M) byte of an 8086 instruction, with its

interpretations. (5 Marks)

.) (c) What do the following instructions do'? (5 Marks)

y i) ROL ii) RCL

iii) SAR iv) STD
s) v) XCHG AX, [BX]

3. (a) An unsorted 16 bit integer word array starts at address ARRAY-ST and has
s)
in all n words. Write an 8086 ALP to generate two different arrays from
it - one of positive numbers, starting at memory address ARRAY -POS and
the other of negative numbers starting at address ARRAY _NEG. Use string
instructions as far as possible. (10 Marks)

(b) Write an 8086· ALP to multiply a 2-digit BCD number by a single digit BCD
number by repeated addition, using DAA instruction. (5 Marks)

(c) Convert a 2-digit BCD number in AL, to a 2-digit Hex number in AL, using
the AAD instruction. (5 Marks)

4. (a) Explain the assembler directives PUBLIC and EXTRN with a simple
example. (6 Marks)

(b) Distinguish between MACRO and a procedure. (4 Marks)

(c) Write an 8086 ALP using DOS interrupts to read a two digit hexadecimal
number and display the same on the console. (10 Marks)

r:nni rl.... ?
Page No ... 2 EC54
5. (a) With appropriate circuit diagrams, explain how you would generate, data,
address and control buses for memory and I/O interfacing from an 8086
processor in the MAX mode of operation. (10 Marks)

(b) Indicate the action of the LOC K pin using a timing diagram, when executing
the instruction LOCK: X CRG AX, [SI], in an 8086 system. (4 Marks)

(c) Draw the timing diagram showing all relevant signals for a memory write
cycle in an 8086 system in the MAX mode with no WAIT state. (6 Marks)

6. (a) i) On receiving a hardware interrupt, the 8086 processor pushes the flag to
the stack and clears the TF and the IF before doing any further operation.
Explain why this is required. (6 Marks)

ii) Even though interrupt service routine is similar to any procedure rou-
tine, the last instruction of an interrupt routine is IRET which is coded
differently from the RET instruction of the subroutine return. Explain
the reasons for this separate IRET instruction. . (4 Marks)

(b) The 8086 processor has no instruction to manipulate the trace flag. Consider
while debugging a program, a uses wants the traceflag to remain set, over a
portion of the program so that in that region of the program, single stepping
is automatically introduced. Write a user generated software interrupt rou-
tine, that toggles the trace flag when invoked, so that the user invokes this
interrupt at the start of the specific region in the program where he desires
to single step, and invokes the same interrupt again at the end of the region
(where he wants to stop single stepping). (10 Marks)

7. (a) Write an 8086/8087 system ALP to find the frequency response characteristic
of a series L-C-R circuit in the form of a table. Assume the response to
correspond to the power expended in the L-C-R at constant input voltage
with varying frequency. (10 Marks)

(b) Indicate the basic features of the PCI Bus or the USB. (5 Marks)

(c) Describe the basic 486 architecture. (5 Marks)

8. Write short notes on :

i) ASCII arithmetic in the 86 family of microprocessors. (6 Marks)

ii) Parallel printer interface. (7 Marks)

iii) Pentium microprocessor. (7 Marks)

** * **
Page No ... 1
I NEW SC~EME I EC55

USN

Fifth Semester B.E. Degree Examination, January/February 2005

EC/TE
Telecommunication & Switching
rime: 3 hrs.] (Max. Marks : 100

Note: Answer any FIVE full questions.

1. (a) Explain the theory and working of a simplex telecommunication system.

(8 Marks)

(b) Explain with a neat diagram the operation of a carbon granule microphone.
(8 Marks)

(c) List the basic functions of a switching system. (4 Marks)

2. (a) Explain the advantages of automatic exchanges over the manual exchanges.
(10 Marks)

(b) What is DTMF? Explain the working of a push button dial system.o o Marks)

3. (a) From the basic principles of queuing systems, derive the equation for finite
queue capacity. (8 Marks)

(b) On an average, during the busy hour, a company makes 18Qoutgoing calls of
average duration 3 minutes. It receives 400 incoming calls of average duration
6 minutes. Find
i) The outgoing traffic
ii) The incoming traffic
iii) The total traffic. (6 Marks)

(c) In a group of 24 servers each is occupied for 15 minutes in an observation

interval of "3hours. Calculate the traffic carried by the group. (6 Marks)

4. (a) Obtain total number of cross points for a 3 stage network with N incoming
and M outgoing trunks. (8 Marks)

(b) Design a 3 stage switching network for 100 incoming and 400 outgoing trunks.
(7 Marks)

(c) Compare any 5 features of single stage and multistage networks. (5 Marks)

5. (a) Explain two different types of gradings. (10 Marks)

(b) Draw and explain the operation of a time switch. (10 Marks)

Contd .... 2
Page No ... 2 EC55
6. (a) Explain the working of a T -S-T network. Compare S-T -S and T -S- T networks.
(12 Marks)

(b) Explain SPS in brief. (8 Marks)

7. (a) Wit h relevant sketches explain 30 channel PC M signalling scheme. (10 Marks)

(b) Explain in detail the CCITT SS7. (10 Marks)

8. Write short notes on any FOUR of the following: (4 X5=20 Marks)

i) Side tone reduction

ii) Register - Translator - Sendors
iii) PBX switches
iv) Overload control in SPC
v) In band (VF) Signalling
vi) ISDN

** * **
Page No ... 1 EC5B3

USN
'ifth Semester B.E. Degree Examination, January/February 2005
Electronics & Communication Engineering
(Old Scheme)
Telecommunication & Switching
Time: 3 hrs.) [Max. Marks : 100
Note: Answer any FIVE full questions.

1. (a) Explain the working of a telephone receiver. With the help of a circuit
diagram, show how a small amount of sidetone is coupled into a telephone.
(4+6 Marks)

(b) List and explain 8 basic functions of a switching system. (10 Marks)

2. (a) With the help of a schematic diagram, show how a 100 line system can be
configured using 24, two motion selectors & 100 uniselectors. Show how a
call is established between two subscribers. (4+4+2 Marks)

(b) With the help of a schematic diagram, explain how a 100 x 100 switch is
implemented using twenty 10 x 10 cross bar switches.
What does the number on a link signify?

3. (a) Describe clearly the meaning of pure chance traffic, with the help of necessary
equations. Explain how Markov chain process is used to model telephone
traffic. (6+4 Marks)

(b) Derive an equation for the grade of service E of a system having N trunks,
when offered 4 Erlangs oftraffic for a lost call system, directly and iteratively.
(10 Marks)

4. (a) A PBX has three operators on duty and receives 400 calls during busy hour.
Incoming calls enter a queue and are dealt with in order of arrival. The aver-
age time taken by an operator to handle a call is 18 second. Call arrivals are
Poissonian and operator service times have negative exponential distribution

i) What percentage of calls have to wait for an operator to answer them?

ii) What is the average delay, for all calls and for those which encounter
delay?
iii) What percentage of calls are delayed beyond 30 seconds? (4+3+3 Marks)

(b) Derive Erlong's delay formula. How is the loss probability calculated for a
queue of finite capacity? (6+4 Marks)

5. (a) What is grading? How do you estimate the traffic capacity of gradings? What
are the applications of gradings? (3+4+3 Marks)
Page No ... 1 EC5T3

USN
Fifth Semester B.E. Degr-ee Examination, January/February ~005
Electronics & Communication Engineering
Old Scheme
Microprocessor
Time: 3 hrs.) (Max. Marks : 100

Note: 1. Answer any FIVE full questions.

1. (a) What is a Microprocessor? Explain with diagram, the internal architecture

of 8085 microprocessor. (12 Marks)

b) Why A D7 - ADo lines of 8085 are multiplexed? Give the necessary diagram
to demultiplex AD7 - ADo lines from 8085 microprocessor.
(4 Marks)

c) List the status signals in 8085 .Explain their functions.

(4 Marks)

2. (a) Define Instruction cycle.machine cycle and T -state, with example.

(8 Marks)

b) Write the timing diagram for the following instructions.

i) IN 20H
ii) LDA F050H. (8 Marks)

c) Explain the functions of following pins of 8085.

i) RST 7.5
ii) HOLD
iii) READY
iv) SID. (4 Marks)

3. (a) Explain the working of DAA instruction,with an example.

(4 Marks)

b) How do you classify the instructions of 8085 .based on

i) Number of bytes
ii) Addressing mode
Explain with examples. (8 Marks)

c) Implement a delay loop, using Register pair ,to generate a delay of 0.5 seconds.
System frequency is 3 MHz. (8 Marks)

4. (a) What is a stack? On what principle it works? Is it necessary to initialize

stack pointer while writing program? Explain with example. (6 Marks)

b) Explain the working of CALL address and RET instructions, in terms of

machine cycles. (8 Marks)

c) Write an ALP to exchange higher and lower nibble of ten 8 bit numbers stored
from location FOOOH.Make use of subroutine,by passing parameter through
register. (6 Marks)
Page No ... 2 EC5T3
5. (a) Differentiate between partial decoding and Absolute decod.ing in case of device
[Memory/L'O) selection.Give an example. (8 Marks)

D) Interface 8k byte RAM and 4k byte- EPROM to 8085,by absolute decoding

using 74LS138 decoder. Give the memory map starting at- address OOOOH for
EPROM. - . (12 Marks)

6. (a) Differentiate between Memory mapped I/O and I/O mapped I/0.
(4 Marks)

b) What is
i) Polling
ii) Handshaking?
Explain with examples. (8 Marks)

c) Interface 7-segment displays to 8085 using ports A and B of 8155 and write
a segment of program to display data bytes at each port. (8 Marks)

7. (a) Write a subroutine to transmit an ASCII charecter using SOD line as one bit
output port.(ll bits foracharecter], (6 Marks)

b) Give the Salient features of 8253 timer.

(6 Marks)

c) Explain with internal architecture, the operation of 8259 PIC.

(8 Marks)

8. (a) What is DMA transfer? Explain how DMA controller works.

(5 Marks)

b) With block diagram, briefly explain the operation of keyboard/ display con-
troller 8279.
(8 Marks)

c) Write ALP to initialize 8251 USART and receive data on polled basis given
the parameters.
Baud rate factor = 64
Character length = 8 bits
Noparity check and 1 stop bit
Assume port addresses 50 H for data and 51 H for control/status. (7 Marks)

** * **
Page No ... 1 EC5T4

USN
Fifth Semester B.E. Degree Examination, January jFebruary 2005
Electronics & Communication Engineering
(Old Scheme)

Microwave Circuits & Devices

Time: 3 hrs.) [Max.Marks : 100

Note: 1. Answer any FIVE full questions.

2. All questions carry equal marks.
3. Use of Smith chart is permitted.
1. (a) Define R, L, C and G of a transmission line. With usual notations and with
2 2
the help of an equivalent circuit of a line show that d V2 = ,2V and d 12 = ,21.
dz d~
(m Marks)

(b) A parallel wire line has the following constants: R = Sohrns l m: L =

0.2J.LH/m, C = 300P F'[tri and G = 0.015s/m. Calculate the propagation
constant and characteristic impedance of this line at 500M H z. Recalculate
these quantities in the absence of loss. (10 Marks)

2. (a) With usual notations show that 1 K R 1= 1~L-~Q 1 (6 Marks)

L+ 0
(b) Sketch the standing wave patterns for Z L = Zo, Z L = 0, Z L = 00, ZL =
.;u, Z L = 3Zo and Z L = +jX. (6 Marks)

(c) A 500 ohm lossless line connecs a signal of 100 kHz to a load of 100 ohms.
The load power is 100m W. Calculate:
i) Voltage reflection coefficient
ii) V.S.W.R.
iii) Position of the first Vmax
iv) Impedance at Vmin & Vmax. (8 Marks)

3. (a) Give the theory of construction of Smith chart. (8 Marks)

(b) Explain how Smith chart can be used either as an impedance or as an ad-
mittance chart.
(4 Marks)

(c) A lossless transmission line with the characteristic impedance 100 ohms pro-
d uces a. voltage minimum at a distance 20 em from the load when circuited.
When the short is replaced by a load the same voltage minimum is shifted
by 9 cm towards the load. If the V.S.W.R of the load is 3.0, using Smith
chart, find the value of the load. (8 Marks)

4. (a) Explain the double stub impedance matching technique over a transmission
line. (10 Marks)

(b) Using Smith chart determine the position and the length of the stub to
match 100 ohm line with air as dielectric terminated by a load of 75 + j40
ohm excited by a 1 GHz matched generator. (10 Marks)
Page No ... 2 EC5T4
5. (a) For TE - wave propagation in a rectangular wave guide, derive the expression
for field components. (12 Marks)

(b) A rectangular wave guide of cross section 5em x 2em is to propagate T Mll
mode at 10GHz. Determine the cut off wavelength and the characteristic
impedance. (4 Marks)

(c) What are the methods of excitation of various modes in a rectangular wave
guide (any two lower order modes). (4 Marks)

. 6. (a) What is a scattering matrix? State and explain the properties of a scattering
matrix. (6 Marks)

(b) With the help of scattering matrix, explain the properties of a Magic - Tee.
(8 Marks)

(c) Explain how magic-tee is used as a duplexer in radar system. (6 Marks)

7. (a) With a neat sketch explain the construction of a Gunn diode. (6 Marks)

(b) Explain how Gunn diode is used as an oscillator. (8 Marks)

(c) The drift velocity of electrons is 2 x 107 emf see through the active region of
length 10 x 1O-4em. Calculate the natural frequency of the Gunn diode and
the critical voltage. (6 Marks)

8. Write short notes on the following :

a) Directional coupler
b) Isolator
c) Mode characteristics of reflex Klystron
d) Microwave radiation hazards (5 Marks each)

** * **
Page No ... 1 EC/TE5Al

USN
'ift h Semester B.E. Degree Examination, January/February 2005
Electronics & Communication / Telecommunication Engineering
(0 ld Scheme)
Biomedical Engineering
rime: 3 hrs.) (Max. Marks : 100

Note: Answer any FIVE full questions.

1. (a) List· and explain the factors to be considered in the design of a medical
instrumentation system. (6 Marks)

(b) What is a transducer? List and explain any three temperature transducers.
. (8 Marks)

(c) Discuss the problems encountered in measuring biological signals.

(6 Marks)

2. (a) Draw a typical cell potential waveform and a diagram to show the electrical
activity associated with one contraction in a muscle. What is refractory
period ? (10 Marks)

(b) Discuss the frequency range of EEG and EMG signals and the type of
electrodes to be used for measurement of EEG and EMG signals. (10 Marks)

3. (a) Explain electrode - skin interface with the help of equivalent circuit.
(6 Marks)

(b) Describe the operation of an isolation pre-amplifier used in ECG machine,

with a neat diagram. (8 Marks)

(c) Describe how the problem of 'movement artifact' is eliminated in body surface
electrode. (6 Marks)

4. (a) What are Kortokoft sounds? Explain the disadvantages of using the above
in B.P. measurements. (8 Marks)

(b) Mention the different blood pressure measuring techniques. Explain any two
with schematic diagram. (12 Marks)

5. (a) Discuss the principle behind non-invasive method for measurement of

peripheral blood flow. (6 Marks)

(b) Derive an expression for the velocity of blood cells using Doppler shift
principle. (6 Minks)

(c) What is biotelemetry? Explain an EEG telematry system with a neat block
diagram. (8 Marks)

6. (a) Explain any two techniques to measure the respiration rate with schematic
diagram. (10 Marks)

(b) Write a brief note on :

i) Electrochemical sensors
ii) Blood - Glucose sensors (10 Marks)

Contd .... 2
Page No ... 2 ECjTE5Al
7. (a) Define the process of "precession" and "mutation" in magnetic resonance
imaging. (6 Marks)

(b) What is meant by the term 'dephasing' in MRI ? Enumerate the causes
behind it. (6 Marks)

(c) State two methods of image reconstruction in computed tomography.

Compare their merits and demerits. (8 Marks)

8. Write notes on :
a) Patient safety in electromedical system
b) Ultrasonography
c) Cardiac monitors
d) Plethysmography (5X4=20 Marks)

** * **
Page No ... 1 EC/TE5B2

USN

Fifth Semester B.E. Degree Examination, January/February 2005

Electronics & Communications/Telecommunication Engineering

(Old Scheme)
Television Engineering
Time: 3 hrs.] [Max.Marks: 100

Note: 1. Answer any FIVE full questions.

2. All questions carry equal marks.

1. (a) What is FLICKER in TV pictures? Explain how the effect of flicker is reduced
in TV system. (9 Marks)

(b) Calculate the bandwidth of video signal in CCIR-B system. (5 Marks)

(c) Define and explain :

i) Aspect ratio ii) Resolution of a TV picture. (6 Marks)

2. (a) Sketch composite video signal waveform for at least three successive lines,
indicating all the components and explain. Justify the choice picture to sync
ratio PIS = 14° in the composite signal. (10 Marks)

(b) Describe the construction of a colour television camera and its optical system
using dichroic mirrors. (10 Marks)

3. (a) With a neat sketch explain the working principle of silicon diode array vidicon
camera. (10 Marks)

(b) Mention the advantages of IF modulation. (3 Marks)

(c) What is microwave TV relay system? Discuss briefly with a block diagram.
(7 Marks)

4. (a) Explain the following:

i) Shadow zones ii) Ghost images. (6 Marks)

(b) What are the causes and effects of co-channel interference? How are they
minimised? (4 Marks)

(c) With suitable block diagram explain the working of digital TV. (10 Marks)

5. (a) Draw the circuit diagram of video detector and explain its design
consideration. (10 Marks)

(b) Explain the generation of EHT voltage in television receiver. (6 Marks)

(c) What are the applications of CCTV? (4 Marks)

Contd .... 2
Page No ... 2 EC /TE5B2
6. (a) Explain the working of horizontal AFC circuit with block diagram. (6 Marks)

(b) Explain the working of VHS recorder with suitable diagrams. (10 Marks)

(c) What are the advantages of MAC signal? (4 Marks)

7. (a) With suitable blocks, explain the working of PAL encoder. (8 Marks)

(b) What are the advantages of digital television technology? (4 Marks)

(c) Explain HDTV standards and compatibility. (8 Marks)

8. Write short notes on : (5X4=20 Marks)

i) CATV
ii) CCD image sensors
iii) Still picture
iv) HDTV

** * **
Page No ... 1 EC5ELCI

USN

Fifth Semester B.E. Degree Examination, January/February 2005

Common to EE / IT / EC / TE
(Old Scheme)

Computer Organisation
Time: 3 hrs.) [Max.Marks: 100

Note: Answer any FIVE full questions.

1. (a) Explain the basic functional units of a computer with the help of a neat
diagram.
(5 Marks)

(b) Explain the different addressing modes available in a computer. (7 Marks)

(c) What is system software? What is its function? (5 Marks)

(d) What is assembler? (3 Marks)

2. (a) Differentiate between stack and queue. Explain with the help of examples,
how data can be moved in and out of the stack. (7 Marks)

(b) Explain the operation of interfacing a keyboard and display unit with syn-
chronization flags SIN and SOUTo Write the block diagram and relevant
instruction queue. (7 Marks)

(c) Discuss about the single bus organisation of a CPU. What are the different
operations carried out by the CPU? (6 Marks)

3. (a) Give all the steps of control sequence required for the 'execution of the in-
struction ADD (R3), Rl. Explain how gating signals are generated with an
example. (7 Marks)

(b) Differentiate between hardwired and microprogrammed type of control de-

sign. Explain the general organization of hardwired control with the help of
a neat diagram. (7 Marks)

(c) Describe interrupt controlled I/O technique of data transfer. (6 Marks)

4. (a) Discuss briefly i) ROM ii) RWM ii) SRAM cell. (6 Marks)

(b) How do you construct a 64K x 8 memory module using 16K x 1 static RAM
chips. Show the complete arrangement with a neat sketch. (8 Marks)

(c) Describe the following

i) Cache memory ii) Virt ual memory
iii) Mapping function iv) Replacement algorithm
(6 Marks)

Contd .... 2
Page No ... 2 EC5ELC1

5. (a) Explain direct and associative type of Mapping techniques for Cache.
(8 Marks)

(b) Explain with example the addition and subtraction of signed numbers repre-
sented in 2's complement form. Discuss how overflow can be detected.
(5 Marks)

(c) Show that the delay in a ripple carry adder can be reduced using carry
generate and carry propagate function with an example. (7 Marks)

6. (a) Discuss the method of array multiplication of positive binary operands.

(7 Marks)

(b) Explain Booth's algorithm for signed number multiplication for the number
+13 and -6. (6 Marks)

(c) Briefly explain the features of pipelining. (7 Marks)

7. (a) How the performance of a pipeline is effected due to data dependency? Give
a scheme to reduce the effect of this phenomenon with an example. (10 Marks)

(b) Discuss the effect of branch instructions on pipelining. Explain how 'delayed
branching' technique can be used to reduce branch penalty. (5 Marks)

(c) What is an interconnection network? What are the factors to be taken into
account while designing such a network? (5 Marks)

8. Write short notes on any FOUR of the following: (4X5=20 Marks)

i) CISC & RISC architecture

ii) Stack processor
iii) Magnetic disk operation
iv) Cache mapping techniques
v) Multiple bus organisation.

** * **
Page No ... 1 EC5ELC2

USN
Fifth Semester B.E. Degree Examination, January/February 2005
Common to EC / TE / CC / EE / IT / CV· / TR / PM / CH
(Old Scheme)
Object Oriented Programming
Time: 3 hrs.] [Max.Marks : 100

Note: 1. Answer any FIVE full questions.

2. All questions carry equal marks.

1. (a) Describe briefly the following characteristics. (10 Marks)

i) Objects ii) Classes

iii) Inheritance iv) Stream class hierarchy
v) Polymorphism.

(b) Explain the two ways of type conversion using suitable C++ program.
(10 Marks)

2. (a) Mention the specific application and context in which the different loops can
be used. Write a C++ program to compute the cube of numbers from 1 to 10
and print out the result using suitable manipulator. Also discuss the visibility
of variables used.

(b) Compare and contrast the if... else statement with a conditional operator
using a C++ program. (10 Marks)

3. (a) Specify a structure syntax with all its components. Give a suitable C++
program alongwith the output to illustrate the concept of structure within a
structure. (10 Marks)

(b) Distance between the passing by reference and passing by value. Show with
a suitable program how more than one value is returned to the main by the
function. (10 Marks)

4. (a) Compare and contrast the three storage classes of variables - automatic,
external and static. (10 Marks)

(b) With a simple C++ program using a class, explain the terms - object, private,
public, inline function, message. (10 Marks)

5. (a) Distinguish between a constructor and a destructor. Develop a program to

implement overloaded constructors and show the corresponding output.
(10 Marks)

(b) Combining the concepts of array and class, develop a C++ program to model
a stack of computer memory.

6. (a) Illustrate with a suitable C++ program the concept of binary operator
overloading. (10 Mach)

(b) Show how the concatenating of strings IS achieved III object oriented
programming, using a suitable program. (10 Marks)

Couid .... ~
Page No ... 2 EC5ELC2

7. (a) With an C++ program, demonstrate the concept of multiple inheitance.

(10 Marks)

(b) What is a friend function? Use one friend function in C++ program and show
its advantages.

8. (a) Write a note on VC++ work bench. (s Marks)

(b) Describe the view menu options of V C++ (S Marks)

(c) Explain the significance of MFC library. (S Marks)

(d) What are the uses of browser? (S Marks)

** * **
Page No ... 1 EC/TE5C5

USN
Fifth Semester B.E. Degree Examination, January /Febr lary 1 2005
Electronics & Communication/Telecommunic~tion Engineering
(Old Scheme)
Graph Theory
Time: 3 hrs.] [Max.Marks . 100
Note: 1. Answer any FIVE full questions.
2. All questions carry equal marks.

1. (a) Define
(i) Connected graph (ii)Walk (iii)Subgraph (iv)Complete graph. (6 Marks)

(b )Define cubic graph. Show that there is no cubic graph with odd number of
points. (7 Marks)

(c)Define isomorphic graph whether following partition is graphical? If it is so

draw the graph with this degree sequence.
5+3+2+1+1+1+1+1+1. (7 Marks)

2. (a)Define product of two graphs .Draw the graph K4 x K2 (61:iarks)

(b )Define a bridge. Prove that a line x in a connected 6raph G is 0. bridge if and

only if there exists two points U and V in G such that a lio.•p 'X: is on' lery
U-V path. (7 l'.~'lrks)

(c)Define nonseparable graph

Show that a graph H is the block graph of some graph if and ",nly if ·?very
block of H is complete.
(7 Marks)

3. (a)Show that in a graph with 6 points either 0 or G cor tains a triangle.

(6 Marks)

(b )Define complement of a graph. If G is self complementary graph of orders n

then show that
n == O(mod4)or n == 1( mod4) (7 Mar ks]

(c)Define complete bipartite graph. If G is bipartite graph then SllOW "iat n has
no cycle of odd length.
(7 ll1farks)

4. (a)Define a tree. Show that a tree with n points has (n-1) lines. (6' .arks)

(b )Prove that the following statements are equivalent.

(i) G is a tree
(ii) Every TWO points of G are joined by a unique path. (7 J al..s;

(c)Define connectivity.
For all integers a, b.c, such that 0 < a :s b :s C' ,show that the .•:~ exists a grr . -h G
with K(G) = a,A(G) = b and 8(G) = C, where K(G) is point. Connectivity,
A( G) is line connectivity and 8(G) is minimum degree of G. (7 Marks)

Conul .... 2
Page No ... 2 EC/TE5C5

5. (a)Define line graph and total graph of a graph with an example of -ach,
(6 Marks)

t b)Define Hamiltonian graph

Prove that a connected graph is Eulerian if and only if the degree of each
point is even.
(7 Marks)

(c)Define point covering number and line covering number.

For any nontrivial connected graph G , show that C¥I + f3I =n
where C¥I is line covering number, f3I is line independence nunber .nd n is the
number of points of G (6 !,'qrks)

6. (a)Define
(i) Planar graph (ii)Outer planar graph (iii)Genus (iv)Thickness (6 Marks)

(b)If G is a connected planar ~raph with n points, m lines and r regions then
show that (i) 2m ~ 3r and (Ii) m:::; 3n - 6 (7 Marks)

(c)Show that KsandK33 , are nonplanar. Draw three different Maximal outer
.
planar graphs with six points. (7 Marks)

7. (a)Define chromatic number. For any graph G ,show that

$a
:::;f (G) :::;n - f30 + 1
where f (G) is the chromatic number f30 the point indepen-lence number and
n is the number of points of G (6 t:!arks)

(b )State Four colour conjecture. Prove that every planar f. aph is 5-colourable.
(7 Marks)
(c)Define chromatic polynomial. Find the. chromatic polyr ::-mial of following
graph.

.eg.. (7 Marks)

Fig 7(c)
8 .. (a )Define
(i) Adjacency matrix
(ii) Incidence matrix
(iii) Cycle mat.rix. (6 Marks)

(b)If B is incidence matrix and C is cycle matrix of a grapl- d then show that
C BT = O( mod2) . (7 Marks)

(c)Let A be the adjacency matrix of G.

Prove that the (i, j)th entry in the matrix An is the number of Walks of length
n from the point VitoVj . (7 Marks)

** * **
Page No ... 1 EC/TE5Tl

Fifth Semester B.E. Degree Examination, January/February 2005

Electronics & Communication/Telecommunication Engg.
(Old Scheme)
Control Engineering
Time: 3 brs.] [Max.Marks : 100

M, M.2.

.f.,'r ~Cl)
(b) Obtain the transfer of the electrical network shown in fig 2(b). (6 Marks)

f;cr···!~ . . .. .f;~)
TvCil
i
3. (a) Reduce the given block diagram to its Canonical (simple) form and hence
obtain the equivalent tran~fer function ~~~~ x (8 Marks)

.'

Contd .... 2
t. t-c :»:
Page No ... 2 EC/TE5Tl
(b) Draw the signal flow graph for the block diagram given in fig. 3(b) and
determin~ ~~~~ using S.J. Mason's gain formula. . (12 Marks)

RCs)

4. (a) Derive the time response of second order system for underdamped case and
when the input is unit step. (8 Marks)

(b) Measurements conducted on a servomechanism show the system response to

be C(t) = 1+ O.2e-6ot - 1.2e-1ot when subject to a unit step input. Obtain
an expression for closed loop transfer function. Determine the undamped
natural frequency and damping ratio. (6 Marks)

(c) The open loop transfer function of a servo system with unity feed back is
G(S) = S(O.~~+lr Evaluate the static error constants of the system. Obtain
the steady state error of the system, when subjected to an input by the
polynomial r(t) = ao + a1t + ¥t2 (6 Marks)

5. (a) A given system oscillates with the frequency of 2 radj'sec. Find values
of K Mar and P. No poles are available in the right half of the S-plane
(Fig. 5a). (8 Marks)

Rcs

(b) Assess the stability of the system with

G(S)H(S) = (S+1)(S~2)(S+3)' using Nyquist stability criterion.(12 Marks)

Contd .... 3
'age No ... 3 EC/TE5Tl
6. (a) Explain the terms 'Relative stability' and 'Conditional stability'. (4 Marks)

(b) Sketch the root locus for the system having

G H( 5) = K (16 Marks)
S(s2+2S+2)

7. (a) For a system with characteristic equation

F( 5) = 56 + 355 + 454 + 653 + 552 + 35 + 2 = 0 examine the stability.
(6 Marks)
(b) The open loop transfer function of a unity feed back control system is G( 5) =
(1+0.1:)%1:20;)5(~~O.02S). Draw the Bode plot (both magnitude and phase plots).
Determine phase and gain margins. (14 Marks)

8. (a) Obtain Canonical state model of the system represented by the differential
2
equation Yes) = 2s +6S+5 (8 Marks)
U(s) (S+1)2(s+2)

(b) The state model of a system is given by

[~~] = [_03 _\] [~~] + [~] [u(t)]

i) Determine the state transition matrix.
ii) Determine X1(t) and X2(t) when the input u(t) IS unit step function.
Initial conditions are Xl (0) = 0 and x2(0) = O. (12 Marks)

** * **
Page No ... 1 EC/TE5T2

Fifth Semester B.E. Degree Examination, January/February 2005

Electronics & Communication/Telecommunication Engineering
(Old Scheme)
Digital Signal Processing
TIme: 3 hrs.] [Max.Marks: 100

Note: 1. Answer any FIVE fuU questions.

2. Missing data may suitably be assumed.

1. (a) Determine the order & magnitude squared function of the Chebyshev filter
for following specifications.
i) Maximum pass band ripple in IdB
ii) Stop band attenuation is 40 dB for n ~ 4rad/ sec. (10 Marks)

(b) Design an analog filter with maximally flat response in passband & an ac-
ceptable attenuation of -2dB at 20 rad/sec. The attenuation in stop band
should be more than 10dB beyond 30rad/sec. (10 Marks)

2. (a) Compute the DFT of each of the following finite length sequence considered
to be of length N
i) x[n] = 6[n]
ii) x[n] = 6[n - no]; 0< no < N
iii) x[n] = an (6 Marks)

(b) Compute the 8-point DFT of the sequence

x(n) ={1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0}
Sketch its magnitude & phase. (14 Marks)

3. (a) By means of DFT & IDFT determine the sequence x3(n) corresponding to
the sequences xl(n)&x2(n)
xl(n) = {2,1,2,1}
T
x2(n) = {1,2,3,4} (10 Marks)
T
(b) Derive the relationship between Z: transform and DFT. (5 Marks)

(c) Explain how linear convolution can be obtained using DFT and IDFT.
(5 Marks)

Contd .... 2
Page No ... 2 EC /TE5T2
4. (a) Develop the 8-point DIT radix-2 FFT algorithm to find the DFT of a sequence
x(n). (10 Marks)
/
(b) Given x( n) {O, 1,2, 3}, Find x(k) using DIT - FFT algorithm. (10 Marks)

"
5. (a) Given
x(k) = {20, -5.828 - j2,414,0,
-0'.172 -'j0,414,0,
-0.172 + j0,414,0,
-5.828 + j2,414}
Find x(n) using inverse radix - 2 DIT-FFT algorithm. (10 Marks)

(b) What is Bilinear transformation? Obtain the transformation formula for the
Bilinear transformation. (10 Marks)

6. (a) Design and realize a digital low-pass butterworth filter using the bilinear
transformation method to satisfy the following characteristics.
i) Monotonic stopband & passband
ii) -3.01dB at cutoff frequency of 0.57r radians

iii) Magnitude down atleast 15dB at 0.757r radians, " (15 Marks)

(b) Explain impulse invariant method of designing a digital filter. (5 Marks)

7. (a) Design a symmetric FIR L.P.F whose desired frequency response is given as

Hd(w) = I w.l:::: We
°
{e-jwT for
otheruns e
The length of the filter should be '7' & We = !Tad/sample. Use rectan~ular
window. (15 Marks)

(b) List the differences between FIR & IIR filters. (5 Marks)

8. (a) Obtain direct form - I, direct form - II and parallel realization of the system
given by the following difference equation.

y(n) = fy(n -1) - ky(n - 2) + x(n) + tx(n -1) (14 Marks)

(b) Realize a linear phase FIR filter with the following impulse response. Give
the necessary equation

h(n) = h(n) + th(n -1) - th(n - 2) + h(n - 4) + th(n - 3). (6 Marks)

*** **