JAWAPAN

BAB
θ° 1.67π rad
(d) =
Sukatan Membulat 360° 2π rad
1 Circular Measure
θ° =
360° × 1.67π
2π
= 300.6° atau/or 300°36’
1. (a) Gunakan/Use
43°32’ θ rad θ° 0.72π rad
= (e) =
360° 2π rad 360° 2π rad
360° × 0.72π
θ = 43°32’ × 2π θ° =
2π
360°
= 0.76 rad = 129.6° atau/or 129°36’
(b) Gunakan/Use panjang lengkok, AB
157°16’ θ rad 3. (a)
0.8 rad
=
Arc length AB
=
360° 2π rad 2π rad 2πj
θ = 157°16’ × 2π Panjang lengkok, s
360° Arc length, s
= 2.745 rad 0.8 rad × 2π(7.4)
=
(c) Gunakan/Use 2π rad
247°54’ θ rad = 5.92 cm
=
360° 2π rad 0.5π rad panjang lengkok, s
(b) =
θ = 247°54’ × 2π 2π rad 2πj
360° Panjang lengkok, s
= 4.327 rad Arc length, s
(d) Gunakan/Use
303.68° θ rad = 0.5π rad × 2π(4.5)
= 2π rad
360° 2π rad
= 7.07 cm
θ = 303.68° × 2π (c) Sudut yang dicangkum = 360° – 125° = 235°
360° Angle subtended
= 5.3 rad θ panjang lengkok, s
(e) Gunakan/Use =
360° 2πj
354.74° θ rad
= Panjang lengkok, s
360° 2π rad Arc length, s

θ = 354.74° × 2π 235° × 2π(10.2)
360° =
360°
= 6.191 rad
2 = 41.84 cm
π rad (d) Sudut yang dicangkum = (2π − 1.3) rad
θ° 3
2. (a) = Angle subtended
360° 2π rad
2 (2π – 1.3) rad panjang lengkok, s
360° × π =
3 2π rad 2πj
θ° =
2π Panjang lengkok, s
= 120° Arc length, s

4 = (2π – 1.3) rad × 2π(20.5)
rad
θ° 9 2π rad
(b) =
360° 2π rad = 102.16 cm
4 (e) Sudut yang dicangkum = (2π − 4.5) rad
360° × Angle subtended
9
θ° =
2π (2π – 4.5) rad panjang lengkok, s
=
= 25.46° atau/or 25°28’ 2π rad 2πj
θ° 4.65 rad Panjang lengkok, s
(c) = Arc length, s
360° 2π rad
θ° =
360° × 4.65 = (2π – 4.5) rad × 2π(8.4)
2π 2π rad
= 266.43° atau/or 266°26’ = 15 cm

J1
 204° panjang lengkok, s Perimeter = 15.27 + 20.27
4. (a) =
360° 2πj Hence = 35.54 cm
20.3 × 360° (c) Panjang lengkok minor PQ = 2π(3) – 4.5(3)
j = Minor arc length PQ = 5.35 cm
204° × 2π
= 5.7 cm ∠POQ = 2π − 4.5
= 1.78 rad
14.5
(b) j = = 102.17°
2π – 1.6
Maka, PQ = 32 + 32 − 2(3)2 kos102.17°
= 3.1 cm Hence = 4.67 cm
11.5 Perimeter = 5.35 cm + 4.67 cm
(c) j =
2π – 0.8π = 10.02 cm
= 3.05 cm (d) ∠POQ = 150°
Panjang jejari/Arc length, j
360° – 105° panjang lengkok, s
(d) = (7.3 × 360°)
360° 2πj = = 1.99 cm
(210 × 2π)
14.2 × 360° Maka/Hence,
j =
255° × 2π PQ = 1.992 + 1.992 − 2(1.99)2 kos150°
= 3.19 cm = 3.84 cm
3 150°
(e) j = Panjang lengkok = × 2π(1.99)
3 360°
2π – π Arc length
4
  = 5.2 cm
= 0.76 cm
Perimeter = 5.2 cm + 3.84 cm
7.2 = 9.04 cm
5. (a) (2π – θ) =
6.1 (e) Panjang lengkok PQR = 2π(5.3) − 5.3(1.4π)
θ = 5.1 rad Arc length PQR = 10 cm
4.8 ∠POQ = (2π − 1.4π) ÷ 2
(b) (2π – θ) = = 0.3π
3.2
θ = 4.78 rad = 54°
2.8 Panjang perentas PQ
(c) (2π – 2θ)= Length of chord PQ
1.8
θ = 2.36 rad = 5.32 + 5.32 − 2(5.3)2 kos 54°
= 4.81 cm
(2π – θ) 3.2
(d) = Perimeter = (4.81 × 2 + 10) cm
3 2.5
= 19.62 cm
θ = 2.44 rad
(e) 2πj = 6.3 + 8.2 + 11.4 0.7 × 360°
7. (a) 0.7 rad = = 40.1°
j = 4.12 cm 2π
11.4 AD
θ = sin 40.1° =
4.12 9.2
= 2.77 rad AD = 5.93 cm
0.4π × 360° OD = 9.22 − 5.932
6. (a) 0.4π rad = = 7.03cm
2π
Panjang lengkok = 9.2 × 0.7
= 72°
Arc length = 6.44 cm
Maka/Hence,
Perimeter = 5.93 + 6.44 + (9.2 – 7.03)
PQ = 9.62 + 9.62 − 2(9.6)2 kos72°
= 14.54 cm
= 11.28 cm
(b) Katakan OM = j cm
Panjang lengkok PQ = jθ Let
Arc length PQ = 9.6(0.4π) Maka, jθ + 2j + 2jθ = 2j + jα
= 12.06 cm Hence, α = 3θ
Perimeter = (12.06 + 11.28) cm (c) (i) Diberi AP = 2 cm, maka OA = 6 cm
= 23.34 cm Given hence
(b) Panjang lengkok minor PQ = 2π(8) – 30 6a + 2θ = 10
Minor arc length PQ = 20.27 cm θ = 5 − 3a

20.27 a = 30°
(ii)
∠POQ =
8 π
= rad
= 2.53 rad 6
= 145.14° π
θ = 5 − 3 
Maka, PQ = 82 + 82−2(8)2 kos145.14° 6
= 15.27 cm = 3.43 rad

J2
 π (b) Gunakan/Use
(d)
= 60°
3 panjang lengkok luas sektor
Maka, AP = AB = j. =
2πj luas bulatan
Hence arc length area of sector
j =
OA = 2 πj area of circle
2 12 42
35π πj πj = 2
= = + 2πj πj
6 3 2 42 × 2
j = 7 cm j =
12
(e) Perimeter = OM + ON + panjang lengkok/ = 7 cm
arc length MN + MK + panjang (c) Gunakan/Use
lengkok/arc length KL + ML 38 πj 2 – 85
π =
= 5 + (5 2 − 5) + 5  + (5 2 − 5) + 2πj πj 2
4
π 2(πj 2 – 85)
5 2   + 5 j =
4 38
= 23.62 cm 2(πj – 85) = 38j
2

5 πj 2 – 19j – 85 = 0
8. (a) Sudut yang tercangkum = π rad
Angle subtended 6 19 ± (–19)2 – 4π(–85)
j =
2π
5
π j = 9.04 cm
6
Maka, luas = (3.5)2 = 16.04 cm2 (d) Gunakan/ Use
Hence, the area 2
2 luas sektor/area of sector θ
(b) Sudut yang tercangkum = π rad =
Angle subtended 3 luas bulatan/area of circle 360°
7.5 88
2 =

 
π πj2 360°
3
Maka, luas = ( 5.2)2 7.5 × 360°
Hence, the area 2 j2 =
88π
= 28.32 cm2
j = 3.13 cm
(c) Sudut yang tercangkum = (360 – 215)°
(e) Gunakan/ Use
Angle subtended = 145°
30 12.5
145° =
Maka, luas = × π × ( 7.8)2 πj2 2πj
Hence, the area 360°
30 × 2
= 76.98 cm2 j =
12.5
6
(d) Sudut yang tercangkum = = 2.4 rad = 4.8 cm
Angle subtended 2.5
10. (a) Gunakan/ Use
2.4 luas sektor θ
Maka, luas = × (2.5)2 = 7.50 cm2 =
2 luas bulatan 2p
Hence, the area
area of sector θ
10 =
area of circle 2p
(e) Jejari sektor =
Radius of the sector 3π 33 2π – θ
5 =
π(4.8)2 2π
50 66π
= cm = 2π – θ
3π 23.04π
3 2.865 = 2π – θ

 
π
5 50 θ = 2p − 2.865
2  3π 
2
Maka, luas = = 3.42 radian
Hence, the area
(b) Gunakan/Use
= 26.53 cm2
luas sektor panjang lengkok
9. (a) Gunakan /Use =
luas bulatan 2πj
luas sektor θ area of sector
= arc length
luas bulatan 2p area of circle = 2 πj
area of sector θ
= 46 12
area of circle 2p =
πj 2 2πj
10.21 2π – 3.5 46 × 2
= j = = 7.67 cm
πj 2 2π 12
10.21 × 2
j2 = s = jθ
2p – 3.5 12
θ = = 1.56 radian
j = 2.71 cm 7.67

J3
 (c) 2j + jθ  = 15 …… ➀ 4.32 + 4.32 − 4.652
Kos/ cos ∠AOB =
1 2 2(4.3)2
j θ  = 30 …… ➁
2 ∠AOB = 65.46°
➁÷➀ = 1.14 rad
50° = 0.87 rad
1 2
jq
2 1 1
=2 Luas tembereng = (5.5)2(0.87) − (5.5)2
2j + jq 2 2
Area of segment 1
jq sin50° + (4.3) (1.14)−
2

=2 2
2(2 + q) 1
(4.3) sin65.46° 2

jθ = 8 + 4θ 2
8 = 3.7 cm2
θ= 12. (a) OP = 8 2 cm
j–4
1 270°
(d) × 82 × θ  = 43 Luas sektor major = × π(8 2 )2
2 360°
Area of major sector
θ = 1.34 radian = 96π cm2
(e) Gunakan/Use
1
luas sektor panjang lengkok θ Luas segi tiga = × (8 2 )2
= = 2
luas bulatan 2πj 2π
Area of triangle = 64 cm2
area of sector arc length θ
area of circle = = 2π Jumlah luas = 96π + 64
2πj
Total area
54 21 θ Luas semibulatan = π(8)2 = 64π
= =
πj 2 2πj 2π Area of semiclrcle
54 × 2 Luas rantau berlorek = 96π + 64 − 64π
j = = 5.14 cm Area of shaded region = 32π + 64
21
= 32(π + 2) cm2
21
2p – θ = (b) Luas kain Q
5.14 Area of cloth Q
θ = 2.2 radian 1 1
= × (20)2 × 1.5 − × (15)2 × 1.5
11. (a) Luas berlorek/Shaded area 2 2
= luas sektor POQ – luas segi tiga POQ = 300 cm2 – 168.75 cm2
area of sector POQ – area of triangle POQ
= 131.25 cm2
1 2 4π
2 
Luas sektor = j 2π −  Luas kain P
3 Area of cloth P
Area of sector
1 2π
= (8.1)2 2 =
1
× (15)2 × 1.5 −
1
× (10)2 × 1.5
2 3 2 2
= 68.71 cm2 = 168.75 cm2 – 75 cm2
2π = 93.75 cm2
rad = 120°
3 Beza luas
1
Luas segi tiga = × (8.1)2 × sin 120° Difference of area
Area of triangle 2 = 131.25 cm2 − 93.75 cm2
= 28.41 cm2
Maka, luas tembereng = 68.71 − 28.41 = 37.5 cm2
Hence, the area of segment = 40.3 cm2 (c) (i) Lilitan/ Circumference OPQ = 9π
(b) Luas sektor POS = luas sektor QOR Lilitan/ Circumference QSR = 5π
area of sector POS = area of sector QOR Lilitan/ Circumference OTR = 4π
1 2 1 Perimeter = 2(9π + 5π + 4π)
j θ = (3.5)2(π − 1.4) = 36π cm
2 2

= 10.67 cm2 1
(ii) Luas semibulatan OPQ = × (9)2 × π
1.4 Area of semicircle OPQ 2
1.4 rad = × 360°
2π
1
= 80.21° Luas semibulatan QSR = × (5)2 × π
1 2
Luas segi tiga = × (3.5)2 × sin80.21° Area of semicircle QSR
Area of triangle 2
1
= 6.04 cm2 Luas semibulatan OTR = × (4)2 × π
2
Maka, luas tembereng = 2(10.67 − 6.04) Area of semicircle OTR
Hence, the area of segment = 9.26 cm2 1
Luas keseluruhan = 2 × π × (81 + 25 – 16)
2
(c) Perentas AB = 5.52 + 5.52 − 2(5.5)2 kos50° Total area
= 90π cm2
Chord AB = 4.65 cm

J4
Praktis SPM 1 2. (a) PQ2 = 152 + 52 7.5 cm

Kertas 1 = 250 P
PQ = 5 10 cm
1. 42 = 52 + 52 – 2(5)(5) kos θ 15 cm
Panjang lengkok AB = 2π(7.5)
kos θ = 5 + 5 – 4
2 2 2
F 10 m E Arc length AB = 15π Q
2(5)(5) Panjang lengkok CD = 2π(12.5) 12.5 cm
θ = 47.16° B 4m C Arc length CD = 25π
8m
∠APB = ∠CPD Maka, 15π = jq ….. ➀

180° − 47.16° 25π = (j + 5 10 )q ….. ➁ E O j B D
= D
2 A 5m P
➁÷➀  5√ 10
A
= 66.42° 5 j + 5 10
=
66.42° 3 j
Luas sektor APB = × π(5)2 = 14.49 cm2 C
Area of sector APB 360°
2j = 15 10
1
Luas ∆BCP = (5)(5)sin 47.16° j =
15 10
cm
2 2
= 9.17 cm2 15π × 2
Luas rantau berlorek = 10 × 8 − 9.17 – 2(14.49) q = = 1.99 rad
15 10
Area of shaded region = 41.85 m2
= 113.84°
2. (a) 82 = 152 + 152 – 2(15)2 kos θ
BO
kos ∠EOC =
kos θ = 15 + 15 – 8
2 2 2
OC
2(15)(15)
15 10
θ = 30.93°
 2 + 5 10  kos(180° − 113.84°) = EO
30.93°
× 2π = 0.54 rad EO = 15.98 cm
360°
15 10
(b) Luas tembereng Panjang kad = 15.98 + + 5 10
Area of segments Length of card 2
1 1 = 55.5 cm
= (15)2(0.54)− (15)2 sin30.93° ≈ 56 cm
2 2
= 2.93 cm2 Lebar kad / Breadth of card
3. (a) 10 = 7(2π − θ) = j + 5 10
7θ = 14p − 10 15 10
θ = 4.85 rad = + 5 10
2
1 1 = 39.53 cm
(b) Luas = j 2θ = (7)2(2p − θ)
2 2 ≈ 40 cm
Area
1 2 10 (b) Luas kad tidak digunakan
= (7)  
2 7 Area of unused card
= 35 cm2 39.532
= 56 × 40 −  × 1.99 +
2
Kertas 2 1 15 10 2
  (1.99)
6 1 2 2
1. (a) kos θ = =
cos θ 12 2 = 1244.88 cm2
B
π
θ = 60° = rad π
3  3. (a) 60° = rad
2  3
18 A 12 cm O E D C
(b) kos 30° = 6 cm A
cos 30° AB
AB = 20.78 cm P Q
π O 30
Panjang lengkok BD = 20.78 
Arc length BD 6
B 60 C
= 10.88 cm
1 π 3
(c) Luas sektor BAD = (20.78)2   (b) AC = 2
Area of sector BAD 2 6 tan 30° 
= 113.05 cm2 = 10.39 cm
1 (c) Luas satu tembereng
Luas ∆ABE = (18)(20.78) sin30° Area of a segment
Area 2
1 π 1
= 93.51 cm2 = (10.39)2  − (10.39)2 sin60°
Luas rantau berlorek = 19.54 cm2 2 3 2
Area of shaded region = 9.78 cm 2

J5
 Luas bulatan = π(3)2 120°−60°
Area of circle
∠SOP =
2
Jumlah luas = 9π + 3(9.78) = 30°
Total area = 57.61 cm2 π
= rad
4. (a) 5 = 11q 2
5
q = rad 10 cm
11 P Q
= 0.45 rad S R
120
T 10 cm
5 cm Q O
P

 11 cm
50
S R (b) Luas tembereng PQ /Area of segment PQ
1 π 1
(b) Luas sektor =
1
(11)2(0.45) = (10)2  − (10)2 sin 60°
2 2 3 2
Area of sector
= 9.06 cm2
= 27.2 cm2
Luas tembereng SR / Area of segment SR
TS
tan 50° = 1 2π 1
= (10)2
3  2
11 − (10)2 sin 120°
TS = 13.11 cm 2
1 = 61.42 cm2
Luas/Area ∆TSR = (11)(13.11) Maka, luas berlorek
2
Hence, the shaded area
= 72.1 cm2 = 61.42 – 9.06

50° = 52.36 cm2
50° = × 2p = 0.87 rad
360° (c) Panjang lengkok SP = QR
1
Luas sektor SRP = (11)2(0.87) Arc length SP = QR
Area of sector SRP 2 π 5π
= 52.6 cm2 10  =
6 3
Luas berlorek = 72.1 − 52.6 + 27.2
Shaded area = 46.7cm2 SR2 = 102 + 102 − 2(10)2 kos 120°
SR = 10 3
5π
Sudut KBAT Perimeter = 10 + 2  + 10 3
(a) PQ2 = 102 + 102 − 3
π
2(10)2 kos POQ = 101+ + 3
3
102 + 102 − 102
kos POQ =
2(100)
∠POQ = 60°

J6
 BAB
1 1
(d) δy = –
Pembezaan (x + δx + 1) (x + 1)
2 Differentiation
= (x + 1) – x – 1 – δx
(x + 1)(x + 1 + δx)
k –δx
1. (a) had =
x→0 2k + x
(x + 1)(x + 1 + δx)
lim δy
x→0
= –1
1

= δx (x + 1)(x + 1 + δx)
2
(b) had 4 – 2x + x 2 δy –1 1
had = =–
x → 0
δx → 0 δx (x + 1)(x + 1) (x + 1)2
lim = 4
x→0
d 1
dx  2 
=2 4. (a) =0
2
2. (a) 6 (b) 0 (c)
3 1

(d) had
2(x2 – 4) (b)
d
dx
( x ) =
d 2
dx
x 
x→2 x–2
lim 1
x→2 =
2 x
2(x + 2)(x – 2)
= had d 8x 4
dx  5 
x→2 x–2 (c)
lim
x→2
32 3
=8 = x
5
2(x2 – 3x – 4)
(e) had d –6 d –6
dx  (2x)3  dx  8x3 
x→2 x+1 (d) =
lim x→2
d –3
= had
x → 2
2(x – 4)(x + 1)
x+1
= dx  4 x –3
lim 9
= –4
x→2
= 4x 4
d –5x d –5 –3
1 2x
dx  3x 4  dx  3
+ (e) = x 
x x
(f) had 5
x→∞ 4 x = 4
+
lim x→∞
x x x
1
0+2 d 2x d –
= =2
 
2
0+1 (f) = ( 2x )
dx x dx
3. (a) δy = f(x + δx) = 4 − x 2 3
= 4 – (x + δx)2 – 4 + x 2 2 –2
=– x
= 4 – x 2 – 2xδx – (δx)2 – 4 + x 2 2
= −(2x + δx)δx – 2
δy =
= –(2x + δx) 2x x
δx
δy dy 3 –
1
had = = –2x 5. (a) f(x) = = 3x 2
δx → 0 δx dx
x
(b) x2 – x – 2 3
δy = (x + δx)2 – (x + δx) – 2 – x2 + x + 2 3 –
f’(x) = – x 2
= x2 + 2x·δx + (δx)2 – x − δx – x2 + x 2
= 2xδx – δx + (δx)2 –3
=
δy = [(2x – 1) + δx]δx 2x x
δy 10
= (2x – 1) + δx (b) f(x) = = 10 x3
δx 3x –3 3
δy dy f’(x) = 10x 2
had = = 2x – 1
δx → 0 δx dx
1 1 –5 –5 2
(c) δy = – 2 (c) f(x) = = x
(x + δx)2 x 4x –2 4

= x 2– (x + δx)
2 2 –5
f’(x) = x
x (x + δx) 2 2
3
= –2xδx – (δx)2 2
x (x + δx)2
2 6. (a) y = 3x
1
δy – δx
= –2x dy 9 2
dx 2
= x
δx x 2(x + δx)2
δy dy –2x –2 9 x
had = = 4 = 3 =
δx → 0 δx dx x x 2

J7
 dy 9 4 3
dx 2 7 
Apabila x = 4, = (2) (h) y = x 2– 
When x
= 9 8 12
= x –
1 7 7
7x 7 2
(b) y = = x dy 8
2 x 2 =
dx 7
1
dy 7 – 1

dx = x 2
4
8 –1
8. (a) y =
3
x – x2 + x 2
7 dy –8 1
= = – 2x +
4 x dx 3x 2 2 x
dy 7


Apabila x = 9,
When dx =
4 9 Apabila/When x = 4,
dy –8 1
7 = –8+
= dx 3(4)2 4
12
–8 8 11
(c) y = = – x2 = –7
5x –2 5 12
dy 16 5x – x –1 5 1
=– x (b) y = = x –1 – x –3
dx 5 4x 2 4 4
1 dy 1
= 16 dy 5 –2 3 –4
8 dx 5  8 
Apabila x = – , – – = – x + x
When
dx 4 4
2
= Apabila/When x = –1,
5
dy 5 3
1 3 = – +
7. (a) y = x – x + x
5 –1
dx 4 4
2
1
dy 3 1 = –
= 5x – x 2 – 2
4
2
dx 2 x
(b) y = –2x – 5 – x – 2 + 2 (1 – 4x 2)2
9. (a) y =
3
dy 10 2
= 6 + 3 1
dx x x = (1 – 4x 2)2
3
(c) y = 2x 2 + 3x dy 2 d
dy = (1 – 4x 2)· (1 – 4x 2)
= 4x – 3 dx 3 dx
dx 2
5 = (1 – 4x 2)(–8x)
2 3
(d) y = x + 4x 16
3 =– x(1 – 4x 2)
dy 2 3
= 1 + 10x 1 5
dx (b) y = 2 – 
= 1 + 10x x x
dy 1 4 d
2x – 2x 4 + 3 – 3x 3 = 52 –  · (2 – x –1)
(e) y = dx x dx
3x 2 1 4 1
2 2 = 52 –  ·  2 
= x –1 – x 2 + x –2 – x x x
3 3 5 1 4
= 2 2 – 
dy –2 4 1 x x
= – x– 3 –1
dx 3x 2 3 x 1 2 4
(c) y = 3x3 – x 2
2(x 2 + 2x + 1) 2 5
(f) y =
3x dy 1 2 d 2
= (4)3x3 – x 23·
dx 
3x 3 – x 2
2 dx 2 5 5
= (x + 2 + x –1)
3 2 4
= 23x3 – x 23· 9x2 – x 
dy 2 1 5 5
= 1 – 2 
dx 3 x 2 5
= 2 2 + x 
–3
(d) y =
1 5 3
x
(g) y = x 39 – 3x + x 2
4  x2 + x
1 dy 5 10
= 2(–3) 2 + x  – 3 + 1
–4
= 9x 3 – 3x 4 + x 5
4 dx x x
dy 5 10
= 27x 2 – 12x 3 + x 4 –61 – 3 
dx 4 x 6(10 – x3)
= =
5 5 5
= x 227 – 12x + x 2  x2 + x
4
x3 2 + x
4
4 x

J8
 1 (x – 3)3
5 12. (a) y =
10. (a) y =(2 + x2) 2 (1 + 2x)2
4 1
dy 5 1 – (1 + 2x)2(3)(x – 3)2 –
=  (2 + x2) 2 (2x) dy
= (x – 3) (2)(2)(1 + 2x)
3
dx 4 2
5x dx (1 + 2x)4
=
4 2 + x2 (1 + 2x)(x – 3)2[3(1 + 2x) – 4(x – 3)]
=
dy 5(4) (1 + 2x)4 3
Apabila x = 4, = (x – 3) [15 + 2x)
2
dx 4 18 =
When (1 + 2x)3
5 5 2
= = x2
3 2 6 (b) y =
(1 – 2x)3
(b) y = (x 4 – 3x 2 – 2)3
dy dy (1 – 2x)3(2x) – x2 (3)(–2)(1 – 2x)2
= 3(x 4 – 3x 2 – 2)2(4x 3 – 6x) =
dx dx (1 – 2x)6
= 6(2x 3 – 3x)(x 4 – 3x 2 – 2)2 2x(1 – 2x)2[1 – 2x + 3x]
dy =
Apabila x = –1, = 6(–2 + 3)(1 – 3 – 2)2 (1 – 2x)6
dx
When = 96 2x(1 + x)
=
(c) y = 6(x + x 2)–1 (1 – 2x)4
dy 1 + 2x 2
= –6(x + x 2)–2(1 + 2x) (c) y =
dx 2 + x3
–6(1 + 2x)
=
(x + x 2)2 dy (2 + x 3)(4x) – (1 + 2x 2)(3x 2)
dy –6(–3) =
Apabila x = –2, = dx (2 + x 3)2
dx (–2 + 4)2
When x[4(2 + x 3) – 3(1 + 2x 2)x]
9 =
= (2 + x3)2
2
x(8 + 4x 3 – 3x – 6x 3)
=
11. (a)
y = x 3(1 – 2x)2 (2 + x3)2
u = x 3 v = (1 – 2x)2 x[8 – 3x – 2x 3]
du dv =
= 3x 2 = 2(1 – 2x)(–2) (2 + x3)2
dx dx 2x 3 – 3
dy (d)
y =
= x 3(2)(–2)(1 – 2x) + (1 – 2x)2(3x 2) (x – 1)
dx
= x 2(1 – 2x)[–4x + 3(1 – 2x)] dy (x – 1)(6x 2) – (2x 3 – 3)
=
= x 2(1 – 2x)(3 – 10x) dx (x – 1)2
(b) y = (x + 4)2 (1 – 3x)2 4x 3 – 6x 2 + 3

=
dy (x – 1)2
= (x + 4)2(2)(–3)(1 – 3x) + (1 – 3x)2(2)(x + 4)
dx 1
= 2(1 – 3x)(x + 4)[–3(x + 4) + 1 – 3x] x = x2
= 2(1 – 3x)(x + 4)[–6x – 11] (e) y =
x+1 x+1
(c) y = (2x –1)(1 + x 2)4 (x + 1)
dy – x
= (2x – 1)(4)(2x)(1 + x 2)3 + (2)(1 + x 2)4 dy 2 x
dx =
= 2(1 + x 2)3[4(2x – 1)(x) + 1 + x 2] dx (x + 1)2
= 2(1 – x 2)3[9x 2 – 4x + 1] x + 1 – 2x
1 =
2 2 x (x + 1)2
(d) y = x 2(x – 1)
dy 1
1
– 1–x
= x 2 (x – 1) 2 + x – 1(2x) =
dx 2 2 x (x + 1)2
x2 dy
= + 2x x – 1 13. (a) = (x – 3)2(–2x) + (4 – x 2)(2)(x – 3)
2 x–1 dx
= 2(x – 3)[–x(x – 3) + 4 – x 2]
x 2 + 4x(x – 1) = 2(x – 3)(3x + 4 – 2x 2]
=
2 x–1 d2y
5x2 – 4x = (2x – 6)(–4x + 3) + (– 2x 2 + 3x + 4)(2)
= dx2
2 x–1 = –8x 2 + 6x + 24x – 18 – 4x2 + 6x + 8
(e) y = 2(x – 2)(1–3x)3 = –12x2 + 36x – 10
dy 2

dx 
dy = 4(x – 3)2(3x + 4 – 2x 2]2
= 2(x – 2)(3)(–3)(1 – 3x)2 + 2(1 – 3x)3
dx
= 2(1 – 3x)2[–9(x – 2) + 1 – 3x] d2y dy 2
∴ 2 ≠ 
dx 

= 2(1 – 3x)2[19 – 12x] dx

J9
 (b) y = x –1 – x –2 + 2x 2 16. (a) y = px–1 + qx
dy p
= – x –2 + 2x –3 + 4x 4 = + 2q
dx 2
–p
d2y y’ = 2 + q
2 = 2x –3 – 6x –4 + 4 x
dx –p
2 6 Apabila x = 2 + q = –8
= 3 – 4 + 4 4
x x When –p + 4q = –32 ...➁
dy 2 1 2 2
 dx  = 4x – x2 + x3 

➁ + ➂ p + 4q = 8 ...➂
8q = –24
d2y dy 2 q = –3
∴ 2 ≠
dx 

dx p = (4 + 6)2
dy (2x + 1) – 2x 1 = 20
(c) = =
dx (2x + 1)2 (2x + 1)2 (b) y = px 3 + qx (–1, 1)
d2y –4 1 = –p – q ...➀
2 = y’ = 3px2 + q
dx (2x + 1)3
dy 2 1 Apabila x = –1 y’ = 3p + q = 5 ...➁
 dx  = (2x + 1)4 When ➁ + ➀ 2p = 6
d2y dy 2 p = 3, q = –4
∴ 2 ≠
dx 

dx (c) y = px 2 + qx + 1 (2, 5)
5 = 4p + 2q + 1
14. (a) y = x 2 + 2x
2 = 2p + q ...➀
y’ = 2x + 2
y’ = 2px + q,
y’’ = 2
Sebelah kiri = 2x 2[2] – (2x + 2)2 + 4(2x + 2) Apabila
x = 2 y’ = 4p + q = 8 ...➁
Left side = 4x 2 – [4x 2 + 8x + 4] + 8x + 8 When ➁ – ➀ 2p = 6
= 4 sebelah kanan p = 3, q = –4
right side
1 1
(b) y = x 3 – 2x 2 17. (a) y = x = 2, y =
x 2
y’ = 3x 2 – 4x
dy 1
y’’ = 6x – 4 = – 2
dx x
Sebelah kiri = x 2[6x – 4] – 6[x 3 – 2x 2]
dy 1
Left side = –4x 2 + 12x 2 Pada x = 2, =–
dx 4
= 8x 2 sebelah kanan
Persamaan tangen/Equation of tangent
right side
(c) y = x + 2x –1 1 1
y – = – (x – 2)
y’ = 1 – 2x –2 2 4
y’’ = 4x –3 1
y = – x + 1
4
4 2 2
Sebelah kiri = 3 + 1 – 2  + x Persamaan normal//Equation of normal
x x x
Left side 1
2 y – = 4(x – 2)
= +x 2
x 15
y = 4x –
sebelah kanan/right side 2
15. (a) y = 5(–2) – 3(–2)2 (b) y = x3 – 4x x = –1
x = –10 – 12 = –22 y = –1 – 4(–1)
y’ = 5 – 6x =3
dy
dy = 3x 2 – 4 pada x = –1
Pada/At x = –2 = 5 – 6(–2) dx
dx dy
= 17 = 3(–1)2 – 4
(b) f(–1) = 4(–1)2 – 6(–1) + 1 dx
= –1
= 11 Persamaan tangen/Equation of tangent
f’(x) = 8x – 6 y – 3 = –(x + 1)
f’(–1) = 8(–1) – 6 = –14 y = –x + 2
∴ Pada (–1, 11), f’(x) = –14 Persamaan normal/Equation of normal
At y – 3 = x + 1
(c) f(1) = –2 + 4 = 2 y = x + 4
f’(x) = –2 + 8x 1
f’(1) = –2 + 8(1) = 6 (c) y = x = x 2 x = 4, y = 2
∴ Pada (1, 2), f’(x) = 6 dy 1
At =
dx 2 x

J10
 dy 1 Titik pusingan ialah (1, –3)
Pada
x = 4, = The turning point is (1, –3)
dx 4
Persamaan tangen/Equation of tangent Dari jadual berikut.
1 From the following table.
y – 2 = (x – 4)
4
1 Sedikit Sedikit
y = x + 1 x 1
4 kurang 1 lebih 1
Persamaan normal//Equation of normal dy
y – 2 = –4(x – 4) dx − 0 +
y = –4x + 18
18. (a) (i) y = 3x 2 – 6x Lakaran
dy tangen
= 6x – 6 = 12
dx dy
6x = 18 x = 3 Kecerunan menukar tanda dari negaif ke
dx
y = 3(3)2 – 6(3) positif semasa melalui x = 1, jadi titik pusingan
= 9 itu ialah minimum.
∴P[3, 9] dy
The gradient changes from negative to positive
(ii) Persamaan normal pada (3, 9) dx
Equation of the normal at (3, 9) as it passes through x = 1, hence the turning point is
1 minimum.
y – 9 = – (x – 3) dy
12 (b) = 3x 2 − 6x
1 37 dx
y = – x+ dy
12 4 Untuk titik pusingan, kecerunan =0
8 dx
(b) y = 2x + dy
x For the turning point, gradient =0
dx
dy 8
= 2 – 2 = 0 Maka 3x 2 − 6x = 0
dx x
x = 0 dan 2
2x 2 = 8 x = ±2
y = 0 dan −4
8 8
y = 2(2) + , 2(–2) – Titik pusingan ialah (0, 0) dan (2, −4)
2 2 The turning point is (0, 0) and (2, −4)
= 8, –8 Dari jadual berikut./From the following table.
∴(2, 8), (–2, –8)
(c) y = ax 2 + bx + 2 x Sedikit 0 Sedikit
dy kurang 0 lebih 0
= 2ax + b
dx
dy
1 dy − 0 +
pada 1,  , = 2a + b dx
2 dx
y = x2 + 6x + 4 Lakaran
dy tangen
= 2x + 6
dx
dy Sedikit Sedikit
pada (–2, –4), = 2(–2) + 6 x 2
dx kurang 2 lebih 2
= 2
1 dy
∴2a + b = – ...➀ + 0 –
2 dx
1
= a + b + 2 Lakaran
2
tangen
3
a + b = – ...➁
2
➀ – ➁ a = 1, b = –1 (0, 0) ialah titik minimum dan (2, −4) ialah
5 titik maksimum.
= – (0, 0) is a minimum point and (2, –4) is a maximum
2
point.
dy dy
19. (a) = 4x − 4 (c) = x2 − 2x – 3
dx dx
dy dy
Untuk titik pusingan, kecerunan =0 Untuk titik pusingan, kecerunan =0
dx dx
dy
For the turning point, gradient =0 Maka x − 2x – 3 = 0
2
dx
(x – 3)(x + 1) = 0
Maka, 4x − 4 = 0
Then
x = 3 dan –1
x = 1 dan y = 2 − 4 − 1 8
y = –8 dan
= −3 3

J11
 8 13 13
2 
Titik pusingan ialah (3, –8) dan −1, 26 – 2 
3
Luas maksimum =
Maximum area 2
Dari jadual berikut. 1
= 84 cm2
2
x Sedikit 0 Sedikit dx
kurang 3 lebih 3 21. Diberi = 0.5 unit s−1 apabila x = 1.
dt
dy Given When
− 0 + dy
dx = 6(3x − 6)
dx
Lakaran
dy dy dx
tangen Maka = ×
dt dx dt
Hence
Sedikit Sedikit dx
= 6(3x − 6)
dt 
x –1
kurang –1 lebih –1
dy dx
+ 0 – Apabila x = 1 dan = 0.5
dx When and
dt

Lakaran dy
Maka = 6(−3)(0.5)
tangen dt
Hence = −9 unit s−1
8 Kadar perubahan y ialah −9 unit s−1.
(3, −8) ialah titik minimum dan −1,
3
ialah y menyusut.
titik maksimum. The rate of change of y is –9 unit s –1.
8 y decreases.

point.

(3, –8) is a minimum point and –1,
3  is a maximum dx
(b) Diberi= 0.5 unit s−1 apabila x = 4.
Given
dt when
20. (a) Perimeter = 26 = 2y + 4x dy (x – 1) – x
=
y = 13 – 2x dx (x – 1)2
1 –1
Luas A = xy +  x 2 sin 60°2 =
Area A 2 (x – 1)2
= x[13 – 2x] + x 2 sin60° dy dy dx
Maka = ×
dA dt dx dt
Untuk A maksimum, =0 Hence
–1 dx
(x – 1)2  dt 
For a maximum A dx =
dA
= 13 – 4x + 2xsin60° = 0 dx
dx Apabila x = 4 dan = 0.5
2 3 When and
dt
13 = x 4 –
2 

dy –1
13 Maka = (0.5)
∴x = dt (4 – 1)2
Hence
4– 3 1
=– unit s−1
18
(b) (i) 4t + 8x + 4x = 360 1
t + 3x = 90 Kadar penyusutan y ialah unit s−1
t 18
I = 2x 2t 1
= 2x 2[90 – 3x] The rate of y decreasing is unit s–1
18
x
= 180x 2 – 6x 3 dx
dI 2x 22. (a) Diberi = 8 unit s−1 apabila x = 3
(ii) = 360x – 18x 2 = 0 dt
dx Given when
x[360 – 18x] = 0 dy (x – 1)(8x) – 4x 2
x = 0 x = 20 =
dx (x – 1)2
Dimensi 20 × 40 × 30 cm
dy dy dx
Dimension Maka = ×
dt dx dt
x ED Hence
(c) (i) = (x – 1)(8x) – 4x 2 dx
10 20 =
(x – 1)2  dt 
ED = 2x
dy
∴AE = 26 – 2x Apabila x = 3 dan =8
dt
Luas AEFG = x[26 – 2x] When and
Area AEFG (3 – 1)(8)(3) – 4(3)2 dx
dA
Maka 8 =
(3 – 1)2  dt 
(ii) = 26 – 4x = 0 Hence
dx
13 dx 8
x = cm = unit s−1
2 dt 3

J12
 8 Jejari bertambah
Kadar perubahan x ialah unit s−1. The radius increases
3
x bertambah. (c) h = 2r
r
8 V = πr2h
The rate of change of x is unit s–1.
3 = πr2(2r)
x increases.
V = 2πr 3 h
dy
(b) Diberi = 8 unit s−1 apabila x = 2 dV
Given
dt when = 6πr2
dr
dy 1 dV dr
= = 6πr2
dx 2x – 3 dt dt
dy dy dx 2 dr
Maka = × –1.2 = 6π(7)
dt dx dt dt
Hence
dr –1.2
1 dx
= 
2x – 3 dt
 =
dt 6π(7)2
= –0.0013 cm s–1

dx Jejari menyusut
Apabila x = 2 dan =8 The radius decreases
When and
dt
24. (a) Diberi y = 4x − 3
dx
Maka 8 = 1
dt 
dy
=4
Hence dx
dx x berubah daripada 5 kepada 5.01
dt
= 8 unit s−1 x changes from 5 to 5.01
Kadar perubahan x ialah 8 unit s−1. Jadi/So δx = 5.01 – 5 = 0.01
x bertambah. δy dy
≈
The rate of change of x is 8 unit s–1. δx dx
x increases.
dy
r 1 δy ≈ · δx
23. (a) tan 30° = = dx
h 3 ≈ 4 δx
h ≈ 4 (0.01)
r =
3 ≈ 0.04
1 2 Jadi, y bertambah sebanyak 0.04.
Isipadu V = πr h So, y increases 0.04.
3
Volume Apabila x = 5, y = 17
1 h 2
= π  h Maka, nilai baharu y
3 3
1 Hence, the new value of y
V = πh3 = y + δy
9
dV 1 2 = 17 + (0.04)
= πh = 17.04
dh 3
dV 1 2 dh 9
= πh (b) Diberi y = 2
dt 3 dt x
dV dy 18
Jika h = 4 cm, = –4 cm3 s–1 =–
dt dx x3
1 dh x berubah daripada 3 kepada 2.98.
–4 = π(4)2
3 dt x changes from 3 to 2.98.
3 dh Jadi, δx = 2.98 − 3 = −0.02
– =
4π dt r δy dy
≈
dh –3 δx dx
∴ = cm s–1 dy
dt 4π h
30° δy ≈ · δx
h menyusut dx

h decreases 18
≈ – 3 · δx
(b) L = πr2 x
dL
18
= 2πr ≈ – (−0.02)
dr (3)3
dL
= 2πr
dr ≈ 0.013
dt dt Jadi, y bertambah sebanyak 0.013.
dr So, y increases 0.013.
π = 2πr 
dt Apabila x = 3, y = 1
dr Maka, nilai baharu y = y + δy
1 = 2(3.5) Hence, the new value of y = y + δy
dt
dr 1 = 1 + 0.013
= cm s–1
dt 7 = 1.013

J13
 (c) Diberi y = x2(x + 2) x–3
  2. (a) y =
dy x+1
= 3x 2 + 4x
dx dy (x + 1) – (x – 3) 4
= =
x berubah daripada 3 ke 2.99. dx (x + 1)2 (x + 1)2
x changes from 3 to 2.99. Apabila y = 0, x = 3 P(3, 0)
Jadi, δx = 2.99 – 3 = −0.01 When
δy dy dy 4 1
Pada P(3, 0), = =
≈ dx (3 + 1)2 4
δx dx At
dy 1
δy ≈ · δx q =
dx 4
≈ (3x 2 + 4x)δx dy
3. (a) = 0 pada titik B dan D.
≈ [3(3)2 + 4(3)](−0.01) dx at point B and D.
≈ −0.39 (b)
dy
 0 pada titik C dan E.
Jadi, y menyusut sebanyak 0.39. dx at point C and E.
so, y decreases 0.39. dy
(c)  0 pada titik A.
25. (a) (i) L = 2πj × 8 + πj 2 dx at point A.
= π[16j + j2]   4. y = x(x – 2)2
(ii) δj = 3.98 – 4 = –0.02 cm 8 cm
dy
dL j
= 2x(x –2) + (x – 2)2
= 16π + 2πj dx
dj = (x – 2)(2x + x – 2) = (x – 2)(3x – 2)
Apabila j = 4 cm dan δj = –0.02 dy
= (x – 2)(3x – 2) = 0
dL dx
δL = . δj 2
dj x = 2 ; x=
3
= [16π + 2π(4)])(–0.02)
2 2
33
– 2
2
= 24π(–0.02) y = 0
= –0.48π cm2 32
Luas menyusut sebanyak 0.48π cm2 =
27
The area decreases 0.48π cm2 d2y
(b) V = 6x 2 – 4x = (x – 2)(3)+ (3x – 2)
dx2
dV = 6x – 8
= 12x – 4
dx d2y
dV Apabila x = 2 = 12 – 8 = 4 > 0
δV = · δx δx = 0.01, x = 10 When dx2
dx
∴(2, 0) ialah titik minimum

= (12x – 4)δx is a minimum point
= (120 – 4)(0.01) 2 d2y 2
= 1.16 cm3 Apabila x = , = 6  – 8
When 3 dx2 3
1
2π 2 = –4 < 0
(c) T = 2π L = L
10 10 2 32
dT π 1 
3 27  is a maximum point
, ialah titik maksimum
= δT = 0.025
dL 10 L
dT Kertas 2
δT = . δL
dL dy 2(1 + x 2) – (2x – 4)(2x)
π 1. (a) =
0.025 = δL dx (1 + x 2)2
10(0.8) 2[1 + x 2 – 2x 2 + 4x]
0.025 8 =
= δL (1 + x 2)2
π Apabila x = 2,
dy
=
2[1 + 4 – 8 + 8]
δL = 0.0225 cm dx 25
dy 2
=
Praktis SPM 2 dx 5
Kertas 1 (b) persamaan garis normal
dy Equation of the normal line
  1. x = 3t 3 – 2, = 15t 2
dt 5
y = – x+c
dx 2
(a) = 9t 2
dt 5
0 = – (2) + c
dy dy dt 1 2
(b) = · = 15t 2 × 2 c = 5
dx dt dx 9t
5 5
= ∴y = – x + 5
3 2

J14
 2. (a) Perimeter = 120 = 2πj + 2x 2 2
(b) L = πr 2 = π
3 4
h
60 = πj + x
Luas, L = x(2j) 4 2
A x F L = πh
Area = 2j[60 – πj] j 9
= 120j – 2πj 2 B E dL 8
= πh
dL dh 9
(b) = 120 – 4πj = 0
dj C x D dL 8 dh
= πh
120 30 dt 9 dt
j= = π cm
4π = π[9]–
8 1
d2L 9 6π 
= –4π < 0
dj2 4
= – cm2 s–1
∴ Luas ialah maksimum 3
The area is maximum dp
2. (a) = 10 unit s–1 y
30 dt
Apabila j = π cm
1 y = x2
30 30 2 1800 A = [p + 1]p2
L = 120 π  – 2π π  = π 2
1 1 p2
A = p3 + p2
Sudut KBAT 2 2 x
R(–1, 0) 0 P(p, 0)
dV dA 3
1. (a) = –6 cm3 s–1 (b) = p2 + p
dt 10 cm dp 2
r h 2 dA 3 dp
dt  2
= r= h = p + p ·
10 15 3 r dt
1 2 h 15 cm dA 3
dt  2
V = πr h p = 2, = (2)2 + 210 = 80 unit2 s–1
3
1 2 2
= π  h h (c) p2 = PQ
3 3
d(PQ)
4 = 2p
V = π h3 dp
27
dV 4 d(PQ) dp
= π h2 = 2p ·
dh 9 dt dt
dV 4 dh d(PQ)
= π h2· p = 1, = 2(1)(10)
dt 9 dt dt
4 dh = 20 unit s–1
–6 = π [9]2
9 dt
–6 dh dh 1
= =– cm s–1
36π dt dt 6π

J15
 1
BAB 3
Pengamiran 5x 2 5 –
(d) ∫ dx = ∫ x 2 dx
3 Integration 2x 2 2
5 (–2)
= ×
2 x
+c
d 2
1. (a)  x6 = 4x5 5
dx 3 =– +c
x
2
∫d  3 x 6 = ∫4x5 dx (e) ∫
x 1
dx = ∫ x 2 dx
1

2 3 x 3
∫ 4x5 dx = 3 x 6 + c 1 2
=
3
× x x +c
3
(b) 3∫ g(x)dx = 3[4f(x)] + c
= 12f(x) + c 2
= x x +c
9
1 (2x – 5) 8x3
(c) ∫ 2 h(x)dx =(3 – 4x)3 (f) ∫ 5 dx = ∫ 2x –2dx
4x
1 2 (2x – 5) –2
∫ a h(x)dx = a  (3 – 4x)3  =
x
+c
3
(d) y = (x − 1)(x − 3)2 2 x2 2
(g) ∫ 1 dx = ∫ x 2 dx
3 3
dy x2
= 2(x − 1)(x − 3) + (x − 3)2 2 2 2 x
dx =
3 5
× x +c
= (x − 3)(2x − 2 + x − 3]
= (x − 3)(3x – 5) 4 2 x
= x +c
15
∫(x − 3)(3x − 5)dx
= (x − 1)(x − 3)2 3. (a) ∫ 2x2dx – ∫ 4xdx + ∫ x –2dx
2x 2 1
(e) y = = x 3 – 2x 2 – + c
x+1 3 x
2(x + 1) – 2x 10
= (b) ∫ 5x dx – ∫ 2 dx
2
(x + 1)2 x
2 5 3 10
= = x + +c
(x + 1)2 3 x
3x 2 4
2 2x (c) ∫ 2 dx – ∫ 2 dx
∫ (x + 1)2 dx = (x + 1)
x3 x3
4 2
6 2 –
∫ (x + 1)2 dx = 3∫ (x + 1)2 dx = ∫ 3x 3 dx – ∫ 4x 3 dx
7 1
3(2x) 3
7
= = 3x 3  – 34x 3 
(x + 1) 7 1
6x 9
= = x 3 – 12x 3 + c
(x + 1) 7
(d) = ∫ 2t –3dt – ∫ 6 dt + ∫ 3t –2dt
(f) ∫ f(x)dx = x +2 1
x = –t –2 – 6t – 3t –1
2 2 1 3
f(x)dx =  x +2 1  = – 2 – 6t – + c
π∫
t t
π x
3 3 x 2 (e) ∫ (8x – 4x + 12 – 6x)dx
2

2. (a) ∫ x dx = +c
4 4 2 = ∫ (2x – 4x2 + 12)dx
3 4
= x2 + c
8 = x 2 – x 3 + 12x + c
3
2 2 8 2
(b) ∫ 3 dx = ∫ x –3 dx (f) ∫ (x – 3x)dx
3x 3 5
8 x3 3x2
= 
2 
2 x –2 – +c
=
3 –2
+c

5 3
x(x – 5)(x + 1)

1
=– 2+c (g) ∫ dx
3x (x – 5)
x 1 –3 = ∫ (x 2 + x)dx
(c) ∫ dx = ∫ x dx
(16x 4) 16 1 x2
= x3 + +c
1 1 3 2
=
16 (–2)x 2
+c
4. (a) Katakan u = x – 5
1 du du
=– +c = 1, dx =
32x 2 dx 1

J16
 3 3 du dy
= ∫ u (c) = 2x3 + x2
4 1 dx
3(x – 5)4 ∫ dy = ∫ (2x3 + x2)dx
= +c
16
1 4 1 3
y = x + x +c
(b) Katakan u = 3 – 4x 2 3
du du Apabila x = 1, y = –1
= –4, dx =
dx –4 1 1
du u– 2 + 1 –1 = + +c
= ∫ 2u–2 = +c 2 3
–4 –2(–1) 11
1 c=–
= +c 6
2(3 – 4x) Persamaan lengkung ialah
(c) Katakan u = x – 2 The equation of the curve is
du 1 4 1 3 11
= 1, dx = du y = x + x –
dx 3 2 3 6
1
12u 2 dy
= ∫ 6u 2 du = +c (d) = ax – 3
3 dx
= 4(x – 2) x – 2 + c ∫ dy = ∫ (ax – 3)dx
(d) Katakan u = 3 – x a 2
y = x – 3x + c
du 2
= –1, dx = –du
dx Apabila x = –1, y = 8
–2 –3 –2u–3 + 1 1
= ∫ u du = +c 8= a+3+c
3 3(–2) 2
1 1
= +c 5 = a + c ...➀
3(3 – x)2 2
(e) Katakan u = 1 – 2x Apabila x = 3, y = 4
du du 9
= –2, dx = 4= a–9+c
dx –2 2
1
–1 – +1 9
3 2 3u 2
13 = a + c ...➁
= ∫ u du = +c 2
–2 1
–2  ➁ – ➀: 8 = 4a
2
= –3 1 – 2x + c a = 2, c = 4
Persamaan lengkung ialah
dy The equation of the curve is
5. (a) = 3 – x2 – 4x
dx y = x2 – 3x + 4
∫ dy = ∫ (3 – x2 – 4x)dx dy
(e) = 3x2 + b
1 3 dx
y = 3x – x – 2x 2 + c
3 ∫ dy = ∫ (3x 2 + b)dx
Apabila x = 0, y = 4
y = x3 + bx+ c
c = 4
Apabila x = 1, y = 3
Persamaan lengkung ialah
The equation of the curve is 3=1+b+c
1 3 2 = b + c ...➀
y = 3x – x – 2x 2 + 4 Apabila x = –1, y = –3
3
1
dy 2
–3 = –1 – b + c
(b) = (x – 2) –2 = –b + c ...➁
dx 1
2 ➁ – ➀: –4 = –2b
∫ dy = ∫ (x – 2) dx b = 2, c = 0
3
2 2 Persamaan lengkung ialah
y = (x – 2) + c The equation of the curve is
3
y = x3 + 2x
Apabila x = 6, y = 1
0 0
16 6. (a) ∫ –2 x(2x – 1)dx = ∫ –2(2x2 – x)dx
1= +c
3
2 3 1 2 0
c=–
13 = x – x  –2
3 3 2
Persamaan lengkung ialah –16
=0– – 2
The equation of the curve is 3
3
2 13
2 22
y = (x – 2) – =
3 3 3

J17
 4x3 – 3
3 3 3
2
(b) ∫ 1 dx = ∫ 1(4x – 3x –2)dx (b) ∫ k 2x –3dx =
x 2
4
3 3
= 2x 2 +  1
– 2  =
2 3
x 1 x k 4
= (18 + 1) – (2 + 3) 1 1 3

= 14 – 4  – – k2  = 4
1 1 1 3
(c) ∫ –2(x + 2x –3)dx 2 – =
k 4 4

1 2 1 1
=  x – 2 4 – k2 = 3k2
2 x –2 4k2 = 4
1 1 k = ±1
=  – 1 – 2 – 
2 4 4 4

=
3
–3
(c) ∫ –12xdx – ∫ –1 g(x)dx
4 1
= [x 2] –1 – 
(x – 2)2  –1
4 4
1
= –2
4 1 1 –1
4
(d) ∫ 0 2(2 – x)–3dx =(16 – 1) – 3 – 4
4 9
2(2 – x)–2 4 5 31
= 
(–2)(–1)  0
= 15 – = 14
36 36
1 1 dy
2

= 2 – 2 = 0 (d) 2 = 1 – 6x2
2 2 dx
dy
2 (2x + 3)(2x – 3) = x – 2x3 + c
(e) ∫ –2 dx dx
(2x – 3)
dy
2 x = –1, = –1
= [x2 + 3x]–2 dx
= (4 + 6) – (4 – 6) –1 + 2 + c = –1
c = –2
= 12
dy
–3 –1 3 = x – 2x – 2 3

7. (a) (i) ∫ 3 f(x)dx = ∫ –3 f(x)dx + ∫ –1 f(x)dx dx

x2 1 4
= –1 + 6 = 5 y = – x – 2x + c1,
2 2
–1 –1
∫ –3 g(x)dx – 2∫ –3 f(x)dx
(ii) x = –1 y = 2
= 4 – 2(–1) 1 1
2= – + 2 + c1,
= 6 2 2
0 3 c1 = 0
∫ –3 f(x)dx + ∫ 0 f(x)dx
(iii)
1 1
3 ∴y = x 2 – x 4 – 2x
= ∫ –3 f(x)dx = –1 + 6 = 5 2 2
1 2 dy 4 3
(e) = x – 2x + c
2 ∫ –1
f(x)dx + ∫ 2 f(x)dx
3
(iv) dx 3
dy
1 x = 0, = 4, c = 4
= [6] = 3 dx
2
1
–1 –1 y = x 4 – x 2 + 4x + c1
∫ –3 2g(x)dx – ∫ –3 kx dx = 20
(v) 3
x = 0, y = 1, c1 = 1
kx2 –1
2(4) – 
2  –3
= 20
1
∴y = x 4 – x 2 + 4x + 1
k 9k 3
8– –
2
= 20
2 7
9. (a) (i) ∫ 3 f(x)dx = 8 + 4.5
4k = 12 = 12.5 unit2
3
k = 3 (ii) ∫ –2 f(x)dx = −4.5 unit2
k
(iii) Jumlah luas = 12.5 + 4.5
8. (a) ∫ –2(x – 4)dx = –10
Total area = 17 unit2
x2
2 – 4x = –10
k
(b) (i) Luas H = luas segiempat
–2

Area H = Area of rectangle
k 2 0
 2 – 4k – (2 + 8) = –10
–∫ –4 f(x)dx
k(k – 8) = 0 = 12 – 6 = 6 unit2
2
k = 0 atau k = 8 (ii) Luas K = ∫ 0 f(x)dx = 5

J18
 2 0 2
(iii) ∫ –4 f(x)dx = ∫ –4 f(x)dx + ∫ 0 f(x)dx
1 5 1
∴Jumlah luas = 7 + –2  = 10 unit2
= 6 + 5 = 11 unit2 3 6 6
Total area
(c) (i) Luas P/ Area P = 25 − Q (e) Apabila y = 0
= 25 − 18 4 – x 2 = 0

= 7 unit2 x = ±2
5
(ii) Luas Q = ∫ 1 xdy Luas dari x = –3 ke –2
Area Q x3 –2
= ∫ –3(4 – x2)dx = 34x –
3 4 –3
–2

10. (a) Apabila

y = 0 8
= 31–8 + 2 – (–12 + 9)4
2 + x – x2 = 0 3
(2 – x)(1 + x) = 0 1
= –2 unit2
x = 2; –1 3
B(2, 0) A(0, 2) luas dari x = 2 ke x = 4
2 2 x3 4
luas = ∫ 0 ydx = ∫ 0(2 + x – x 2)dx = ∫ 2(4 – x2)dx = 34x – 4
4

area 3 2
2
x2 x3 2 = –10 unit 2
= 2x + –  3
2 3 0
1 2
8 Jumlah luas = –2  + –10 
= 4 + 2 – 4 Total area 3 3
3
10 = 13 unit2
= unit 2
11. (a) x = y – 4y
2
3
3 luas sebelah kiri/area on the left
(b) luas = ∫ 1 ydx 4
area = ∫ 0 x dy
3 1
4
= ∫ 0(y 2 – 4y)dy
= ∫ 1 dx
x2
y3 64
=  – 2y2 =  – 324 – 0
4
3
= ∫ 1 x –2dx 3 0 3
2
1 3 1 = –10
= –
x 4 1  3 4
= – – [–1] 3
y3
∫ –1(y 2 – 4y)dy =  3 – 2y24 –1
0 0
1 2
=1– = unit2
3 3
(c) y = (x2 + x)(2 – x) = 0 – 1 1
– – 22 = 1
2
3 3
= –x3 + 2x2 + 2x – x2
2 1
y = –x3 + x2 + 2x Jumlah luas = –10  + 2
Total area 3 3
luas = ∫ –1(–x3 + x2 + 2x)dx + ∫ 0(–x3 + x 2 + 2x)dx
0 2
= 13 unit2
area 1

1 x = y2
(b)
=
–x 4
4 
+ x3 + x2 +
3
0

–1 4 
–x 4 x 3
+ 3
+ x2
2

0
 luas = 2∫ 1 xdy
4

5 8
= –
12 
+ [–4 + 3
+ 4] area
= 2∫ 1 y 2 dy
4
1

5 8 1
= + =3 unit2 2 2 4
3

= 23
3 41
12 3 12 y
(d) Apabila y = 0
2 2
(x + 2)(3 – x) = 0 = 231 (8) – (1)
x = 3; –2 3 3
14 28
P[3,0]
= 23 4 = unit2
Luas di atas paksi-x/Area above the x-axis 3 3
3 3 4
= ∫ 1 (x + 2)(3 – x)dx = ∫ 1 (6 + x – x2)dx (c)
x2 =
y
1 x3 3 9 1 1
= 6x + x2 – 4 = 318 + – 94 – 6 + – 4
1
2 –
2 3 1 2 2 3 x = = 2y 2
1 y
= 7 unit 2
1
3 2 –
luas = ∫ 1 2y 2 dy
Luas dari x = 3 ke x = 4 area 2
1 x3 4 = 4 y 4 1
2
∫ 3(6 + x – x2)dx = 6x + 2 x2 – 3 43
4

2
64 9 4 8–4 4
= 24 + 8 –
34 
– 9+  = 4 2 – = =
2 2 2 2
5
= –2 = 2 2 unit2
6

J19
12. (a) x 2 + 1 = –x + 3 y Isipadu dijanakan
x 2 + x – 2 = 0 y = x2 + 1 The generated volume
3
(x – 1)(x + 2) = 0 = π∫ 1 y 2dx
x = 1; –2 A
3
y = 2 = π∫ 1 x2(x – 3)2dx
y = –x + 3 3
A[1, 2] 1 = π∫ 1 x 4 – 6x 3 + 9x 2)dx
1 B C 1 3
luas = ∫ 0 ydx + ∆ABC O dx 1
x
= π  x 5 – x 4 + 3x3
3
3 2
area 5 1
1 1 35 3 1 3
= ∫ 0 (x 2 + 1)dx + (2)(2) = π ( – (3)4 + 3(3)3) – 1 – + 324
2 5 2 5 2
x3
= 3 + x4 + 2
1

3 0
= 2 6 π unit3
5
1
= 1 + 12 + 2 (c) Apabila y = 0, x = –4
3 Isipadu dijanakan

1 The generated volume
= 3 unit2
3 0
= π∫ –4 y 2dx
(b) Titik persilangan
x+4
= π∫ –41
2 2
0
Intersection point dx
x 2 = x 1
= π x2 + 2x
0
x 4 = x 4 –4
x(x3 – 1) = 0 x = 0; x = 1
y=0y=1 = π0 – (4 – 8)4

1 1
luas berlorek = ∫ 0 x dx – ∫ 0 x2dx = 4π unit3
shaded area 3 14. (a) Apabila/When x = 0, y = 4
2 2 1 1 1
= x 4 –  x34 Isipadu/Volume =
10
π
3 0 3 0 3
2 1 1 4
= – = unit2 = π∫ k x2dy
3 3 3
4 16 – y2
= π∫ k 1
4 2
(c) Titik persilangan/Intersection point dy
(1 – x)(x + 4) = x + 4
1 3 4 10
= π4y –
12  k 3
x + 4 – x2 – 4x = x + 4 y = π
x 2 + 4x = 0
64 k3 10
x(x + 4) = 0
x = 0; x = –4
116 – 12 2 – 4k + 12 = 3
y = 4 ; y = 0 k3 22
– 4k + =0
1

12 3
luas berlorek = luas segi tiga + ∫ 0 f(x)dx
k3 – 48k + 88 = 0
1
shaded area = area of triangle + ∫ 0
f(x)dx Jika/If k = 2, 8 – 48(2) + 88 = 0
1 1 ∴k = 2
= (4)(4) + ∫ 0(4 – 3x – x2)dx
2 (b) Apabila/When x = 0, y = k
3 x3 1 Isipadu/Volume = 2π
= 8 + 4x – x 2 –
3 40

2 4
2π = π∫ k (y – k)dy
3 1
= 8 + 34 –
2 34
– 4
∫ k (y – k)dy = 2
= 1
10 unit2 y2
2 – ky k = 2
4
6
13. (a) Isi padu janaan k2
The generated volume (8 – 4k) – 1 – k22 = 2
2
3
= π∫ 1 y 2dx k2
– 4k + 6 = 0

2
1 3
= π∫ 1 dx k2 – 8k + 12 = 0
x2
3 (k – 2)(k – 6) = 0
= π∫ 1 x –2dx ∴k = 2 k=6
= π 1 –  152
3
(c) Isipadu = π
x 1 3
Volume
= π 1 – –(–1)4 k
= π∫1 (y + 3)2dy
3
2 (y + 3)3 k 152
π3
3 41
= π unit3 = π
3 3
(b) Titik persilangan dengan paksi-x (3, 0) ,(0, 0) (k + 3)3 43 152
The intersection point at the x-axis of (3, 0), (0, 0) – =

3 3 3

J20
 (k + 3)3 = 216 73
Isipadu diperlu = π unit3
k + 3 = 6 Volume needed 60
k = 3 16. (a) (i) Dengan teorem Pythagoras,
15. (a) Isipadu dijanakan oleh lengkung x 2 + y 2 = r 2
Volume generated by the curve y
2
= π∫ 0(6 + 7x – 3x 2)2 dx
P(x, y)
2
= π∫ 0(36 + 84x + 13x 2 – 42x 3 + 9x 4)dx r y
4
= 164.27π atau 164 π O x
x
15
Isipadu kon
Volume of cone
(ii) Isi padu janaan/Generated volume
1
= π(8)2(2) r
= 2π∫ 0 x 2dy
3
2
= 42.67 π atau 42 π r
= 2π∫ 0 (r2 – y2)dy
3
Isipadu janaan/Generated volume y3 r
= 2πr 2y –
3 3 40
= 121.6 π unit3 atau 121 π unit3 r3
5 = 2π 3r3 – 4
(b) Koordinat A/Coordinates of A 3
2 3 4

4
=x = 2π 3 r 4 = πr 3
x 3 3
x = 2, y = 2 (b) Persamaan garis lurus
Isipadu/Volume The equation of straight line
3 h
= π∫ 2 x2dy + kon y = x+h
r
3 16 1 Isipadu dijana/Generated volume
= π∫ 2 dy + π(2)2(2)
y2 3 h
= π∫ 0 x 2dy
–16 8
= π
y 2 3
3
+ π = π∫ 0 
h r(y – h) 2

h 4
dy
–16 –16 8 r2 π h
= π –
2 24 3
+ π = 2 ∫ 0 (y – h)2dy
3 h
1
= 5 π unit3 r2π (y – h)3 h
= 2 
3 40

3 h
(c) y = 9 – x2 rπ
2
–h3
= 2 30 – 1
dy
= –2x h 3 24

dx rπ h
2 3
1
dy = 2 3 4 = πr 2h unit3
x = 2, = –4 h 3 3
dx
4 2
persamaan tangen pada (2, 5) (c) y = 14 – x
The equation of tangent at (2, 5) 9
14
y – 5 = –4(x – 2) π∫ 10 x 2dy
y = –4x + 13 9 14
13 = π∫ 10(14 – y)dy
Tangen menyilang paksi-x pada 1 , 02. 4
4 9 y 2 14
= π 314y –
Tangent intersects the x-axis at
13
1 4 , 02 4 2 4 10
9
1 5 = π [(196 – 98) – (140 – 50)]
Isipadu kon = π(5)21 2 4
3 4 9
Volume of cone
125 = π [8] = 18π unit3
= π unit3 4
12 1
Isipadu dijanakan oleh lengkung Isipadu kon/Volume of cone = π (3)2(10) = 30π
3
Volume generated by the curve
3
Jumlah isipadu/Total volume = 18π + 30π =
= π∫ 2 y2dx 48π unit3
3 Satu bekas isipadu = 20 × 30 × 40 = 24000 cm3
= π∫ 2(9 – x 2)2dx Volume of a container

3
= π∫ 2(81 – 18x 2 + x 4)dx Dua bekas/Two containers = 48000 cm3
48000
1 53 Bilangan kon = = 318 kon
= π 381x – 6x 3 +
5 42
x Number of cone 48π
1 Jumlah jualan/Total sales = 318 × RM3.50
= 9 π unit3 = RM1113
5

J21
 Kos/cost = RM345 × 2 = RM690 2 3
7. (a) ∫ h p(x)dx = –
Keuntungan/Profit = RM423 4
h h 1
(b) ∫ 2 p(x)dx – ∫ 2 2xdx = –4
Praktis SPM 3 4
3 1 h
+4 = [x2] 2 = h2 – 4
Kertas 1 4 4
4
1. (a) ∫ –2 f(x)dx = 5 5 + 4 = h2
–2
h = 3
∫ 4 f(x)dx = –5
4 4 Kertas 2
(b) ∫ –2 2f(x)dx – ∫ –2 3x dx
1. (a) y = 3x2 – 27
3 4
= 10 –  x 24 Apabila y = 0
2 –2
x = ±3
= 10 – [24 – 6] = –8 dy
dy = 6x
2. (a) = 2x – 4 dx
dx dy
Apabila = 6x = 6
dy dx
Apabila x = 3, = 2(3) – 4 x = 1
dx
=2 y = –24
(b) y = ∫ (2x – 4)dx ∴P[1, –24]
= x 2 – 4x + c (b) Persamaan tangen y + 24 = 6(x – 1)
Pada/At (3, –2), –2 = 9 – 12 + c Equation of tangent
c = 1 y = 6x – 30
∴y = x 2 – 4x + 1 luas berlorek
3. (a) y shaded area
1 3
= [4][24] – ∫ 1 ydx
2
3
= 48 – ∫ 1(3x 2 – 27)dx
(h, 6k)
(0, 3k) 3
= 48 – [x 3 – 27] 1
O
x ∴48 – [0 + 26] = 22 unit2
–h h
110
(c) Isipadu = π∫ k x 2 dy = 21
3 2
0
h h
π
(b) ∫0 f(x)dx = 8 + ∫0 g(x)dx Volume
0 1 220
1 ∫ 1 y + 92 dx =
=8+ [3k + 6k]h k 3 3
2
1 2 220
 y + 9y4 =
0
9hk 6 3
=8+ k
2 k2 220
h 0 – [ + 9k] =
4. ∫ –1(3 – 2x)dx = 6 6 3

h
[3x – x2] –1 = 6 k2 + 54k + 440 = 0
(k + 44)(k + 10) = 0
3h – h2 – (–3 – 1) = 6 k = –44 ; –10
3h – h2 – 2 = 0 ∴k = –10
h2 – 3h + 2 = 0 2. (a) 4y = x + 3 ; x = 4y 2 – 2
(h – 1)(h – 2) = 0 4y – 3 = 4y 2 – 2

h = 1; 2 4y 2 – 4y + 1 = 0
b
5. (a) ∫ a f(x)dx = 8 (2y – 1)2 = 0
a = 1, b = 3 1
y = , x = 2 – 3 = –1
3 1 3 2
(b)
∫ –2 f(x)dx = ∫ –2 f(x)dx + ∫ 1 f(x)dx A–1, 2
1
= –5 + 8 = 3 2
6. f’(x) = 4x – 4 (b) Apabila/When y = 0, x = –3
f’(x) = 4x – 4 = 0 luas berlorek/shaded area y
x = 1 1 1
= (2) 2 – ∫ –2 ydx
–1
∴(1, –4) ialah titik minimum 2 2 –1, 12 
(1, –4) is a minimum point 1
1 –1 1 2

2 ∫ –2 2
f(x) = ∫(4x – 4)dx = – (x + 2) dx
x
= 2x2 – 4x + c –3 –2 –1 O

3 4
3 –1
Pada/At (1, –4) 1 1 2 2
–4 = 2 – 4 + c = – . (x + 2)
2 2 3 –2
c = –2 1 1 1
2 33
f(x) = 2x2 – 4x – 2 = – – 04 = unit2
6

J22
 1
(c) Isipadu/Volume = π∫ –2 y2dx Sudut KBAT
1 1 (a) y = x3 + 1
= π∫ –2 (x + 2)dx
4 Apabila y = 0 ; 0 = x3 + 1
(x + 2)2 1 x3 = –1
= π 3
8 4 –2 x = –1
9 9π P[–1, 0]
= π 3 – 04 =
8 8 dy
Isipadu sebenar = 3x2
dx
Actual volume dy
9π Apabila x = –1, =3
= unit3 dx
16 When
y y = 3(x + 1)
3. (a) y = 6x – x2 (3, 10)
dy Jika y = 3x + 3 menyilang lengkap
= 6 – 2x = 0 (4, 8)
If y = 3x + 3 intersects completely
dx
x = 3 3x + 3 = x 3 + 1
x 3 – 3x – 2 = 0
x Apabila x = 2 23 – 3(2) – 2
O 3 4
=8–8=0
Katakan persamaan tangen ∴y = 23 + 1 = 9
Let the equation of tangent Q(2, 9)
2
(b) luas A = ∫ –1 ydx y
y = mx + c Q
10 = 3m + c ...➀ area A 2
= ∫ –1(x3 + 1)dx (2, 9)
6x – x 2 = mx + c
x4
= 3 + x4
2
x 2 + (m – 6)x + c = 0
(m – 6)2 – 4c = 0 4 –1
P R
1 x
(m – 6)2 = 4(10 – 3m) = (4 + 2) – 1 – 12 –1 O 2
m – 12m + 36 = 40 – 12m
2 4
m2 = 4 3
=6+
m = ±2 4
Apabila m = –2, c = 10 – 3(–2) 3
= 6 unit2
= 16 4
1 27
∴6 – 2x = –2 luas/area PQR = (3)9 = unit2
2 2
8 = 2x
x = 4; y = 6(4) – 16 27 3 3
∴luas/area B = – 6 = 6 unit2
= 8 2 4 4
∴A(4, 8) ; a = 4 3 3
Nisbah A : B = 6 : 6
4
Ratio 4 4
(b) luas berlorek = luas trapezium – ∫ 3 ydx
4
=1:1
shaded area = area of trapezium – ∫ 3 ydx π 2 π 2
(c) Isipadu = ∫ –1 y 2dx = ∫ –1(x3 + 1)2 dx
1 2 2
4
= [10 + 8][1] – ∫ 3 (6x – x 2)dx Volume
π 1 7 1 4
= 3 x + x + x4
2
2
2 7 2 –1
1 4
= 9 – 33x2 – x34 π 13
2 3 14 4
3 3 = 28
2 1
= 9 – 326 – 184 = unit2 13
3 3 = 14 π unit3
28

J23
 BAB
(c) Bilangan cara = (10 − 1)!
Pilih Atur dan Gabungan Number of ways = 362 880
4 Permutation and Combination 7. (a) (i) Bilangan cara = 2 × 4! = 48
Number of ways
n! (ii) Bilangan cara = 4! × 2! = 48
1. (a) (i) =1 Number of ways
(n – 0)!
n! (iii) Susunan dalam bentuk VKVKV
(ii) = n! Arrangement in the form of VKVKV
(n – n + 1)!
Bilangan cara = 2! × 3! = 12
10!
(b) (i) = 720 Number of ways
(10 – 3)!
(b) (i) Bilangan cara = 1 × 4! = 24
5! 6! Number of ways
(ii) × = 5 × 6!
(1)! (4)! (ii) Bilangan cara = 1! × 2! × 2! × 2! = 8
= 3 6000
Number of ways
n! (n – 1)!
(c) (i) × (c) (i) 5! × 2 = 240
(n – n + 1)! (n – 1 – 2)!
(ii) 4! × 4! = 576
= n!(n – 1)(n – 2)
5! × 6P2 = 3 600
m! (m + 1)!
(ii) ÷ (d) (i) 6 × 6 × 6 x 6 × 3 = 3 888
(m – 2)! (m + 1 – 2)!
(ii) 3! × 3 × 2 = 36
(m + 1)! 8. (a) (i) Bilangan cara menyusun = (10 − 1)!
= m(m – 1) ÷
(m – 1)! Number of ways to arrange = 362 880
m–1
= (ii) Bilangan cara menyusun
m+1 Number of ways to arrange
2. (a) Bilangan cara = (5 − 1)! × 6!
Number of ways
= 17 280
=4×3
(iii) Bilangan cara menyusun
= 12 Number of ways to arrange
(b) Bilangan cara = (10 − 1)! − (7 − 1)! × 4!
Number of ways
= 345 600
=5×6
(b) (i) Bilangan cara = (8 −1)! × 2!
= 30
Number of ways = 10 080
(c) Bilangan cara
Number of ways (ii) Bilangan cara menyusun = (7 − 1)! × 3!
=6×4×3 Number of ways to arrange = 4 320
= 72 (c) (i) Bilangan cara menyusun = (5 − 1)! × 4!
3. (a) Bilangan cara = 7! = 5 040 Number of ways to arrange = 576
Number of ways (ii) Bilangan cara menyusun = (4 − 1)! × 4!
(b) Bilangan cara = 8! = 40 320 Number of ways to arrange = 144
Number of ways 9. (a) (i) Sebelah kiri = r! nCr
(c) Bilangan cara = 6! = 720 Let side
r!n!
Number of ways =
(n − r)!r!
4. (a) Bilangan cara = 10P4 = 10 × 9 × 8 × 7
n!
Number of ways = 5 040 =
(n − r)!
(b) Bilangan cara = 9P3
Number of ways = 504 = Pr Sebelah kanan
n

(c) Bilangan cara = 6P3 Right side

Number of ways = 120 Maka/Hence, r! nCr = nPr
5. (a) Bilangan cara susunan n!
(ii) n
C0 =
Number of ways of arrangement (n − 0)!0!
9! n!
= = 1 260 = =1
4!3!2! (n)!
(b) Bilangan cara susunan = sebelah kanan
Number of ways of arrangement Right side
15!
= = 630 630 8!
5!6!4! (b) (i) 8C2 =
(8 – 2)!2!
(c) Bilangan cara susunan
8!
Number of ways of arrangement =
(6)!2!
9!
= = 5 040 = 28
3!3!2!
6. (a) Bilangan cara = 7! Sudut Kalkulator
Number of ways = 5 040 Tekan
(b) Bilangan cara = 5! 8 SHIFT
n
Cr 2 = 28
Number of ways = 120

J24
 (ii)
4
C2 × 9C4 (c) Bilangan cara = 2 [3C1 × 2C1 × 6C3 × 3C3]
4! 9! Number of ways = 240
= × (d) (i) Bilangan cara = 23C5 = 33 649
(4 – 2)!2! (9 – 4)!4!
Number of ways
= 756
(ii) Bilangan cara = 10C1 × 7C1 × 6C1 × 20C2
10! 6! Number of ways = 79 800
(c) (i) 10C7 ÷ 6C3 = ÷
(10 – 7)!7! (6 – 3)!3! (iii) Bilangan cara = 17C5 = 6 188
= 6 Number of ways
(ii) n
Cn – 2 (e) (i) Jika memilih baris tiga kerusi.
n! If choose the row of three chairs
= Bilangan cara = 5C1 × 4C4 = 5
(n − n + 2)!(n – 2)!
n! Number of ways
= Jika memilih baris empat kerusi
(2)!(n – 2)!
If choose the row of four chairs
n(n – 1)(n – 2)!
= Bilangan cara = 5C2 × 3C3 = 10
(2)!(n – 2)!
Jumlah = 15
n(n – 1)
= (ii) 1 cara sahaja
(2) Only 1 way
10. (a) Bilangan cara pilihan = 8C4 (f) (i) Bilangan cara = 7C3 = 35
Number of ways = 70 Number of ways
(b) Bilangan cara pilihan = 12C5 (ii) Bilangan cara = 5C4 = 5
Number of ways = 792 Number of ways
(c) Bilangan cara pilihan = 7C4 (iii) Bilangan cara = 7C3 × 2 = 70
Number of ways
Number of ways = 35
11. (a) (i) Untuk melukis satu garisan, kita
memerlukan mana-mana dua titik sahaja. Praktis SPM 4
To draw a straight line, we neeed any two points Kertas 1
only.
1. (a) 1 ≤ n < 7 dengan n ialah integer
Maka, bilangan cara = 6C2 = 15.
So, number of ways
(b) xCm = xCn
(ii)
Untuk melukis satu segi tiga, kita x! x!
=
memerlukan mana-mana tiga titik sahaja. (x − m)!m! (x − n)!n!
To draw a triangle, we need any three points n + m = x
only. 4!
2. – 3! = 6
Maka, bilangan cara = 6C3 = 20. 2!
So, number of ways 3. Kes 1: Baju biru
(iii)
Untuk melukis satu segi empat, kita Case 1: Blue blouses
memerlukan mana-mana empat titik C1 × 2C1 = 6 cara
3

sahaja. Kes 2: Seluar biru

To draw a rectangle, we need any four points Case 2: Blue pants
only. C1 × 2C1 = 4 cara
2

Maka, bilangan cara = 6C4 = 15. Kes 3: Bukan baju biru dan seluar biru
So, number of ways Case 3: Not blue blouses and blue pants
(b) (i) Bilangan cara = 4C1 × 5C4 = 20 2
C1 × 2C1 = 4 cara
Number of ways
Jumlah cara = 14 cara
(ii) Kes 1: 3 perempuan, 2 lelaki Total ways
Bilangan cara = 5C3 × 4C2 = 60
Number of ways
Kes 2: 4 perempuan, 1 lelaki Sudut KBAT
Bilangan cara = 5C4 × 4C1 = 20 (a) Kes 1: nombor berdigit 4 = 3 × 5P3 = 180
Number of ways Kes 2: nombor berdigit 5 = 5 × 5P5 = 600
Kes 3: 5 perempuan, 0 lelaki Kes 3: nombor berdigit 6 = 5 × 5P5 = 600
Bilangan cara = 5C5 = 1 Jumlah = 600 + 600 + 180 = 1380
Number of ways
(b) 2 × 4 × 3 + 2 × 5 × 4 × 3 = 144
Jumlah cara = 81 (c) 5P4 × 1P1 = 120
(iii) Bilangan cara = 6C2 = 15
Number of ways

J25
 BAB
(b) X = {0, 1, 2, 3}
Taburan Kebarangkalian
5 Probability Distribution 3
10 B
3 B
1. (a) Pemboleh ubah ialah menang, tewas atau seri 10 7 B’
The variable is win, lose or draw 10
(b) Pemboleh ubah ialah tinggi pelajar itu. B 3
The variable is the height of a student. 10 B
3 7
(c) Pemboleh ubah ialah {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, B’
10 10
11, 12}. 7 B’
The variable is 10
2. (a) X = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4,… 20} adalah diskret kerana 3
dapat dikira. 10 B
X = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4,… 20} is discrete because they can
be counted. 7 3 B
1 10 10 7 B’
(b) Y = {y: 1 ≤ y ≤ 3} adalah selanjar kerana 10
2
sudah menentukan dengan tepat masa yang B’ 3
sewajar. 10 B
7
1 10 B’
Y = {y: 1 ≤ y ≤ 3} is continuous because it has
2 7 B’
determined by the time accordingly. 10
(c) Z = {z: 3 ≤ z ≤ 8} adalah selanjar kerana
7 3
P[X = 0] = P[B’, B’, B’] = 
sudah menentukan dengan tepat masa yang 10 
sewajarnya. 343
Z = {z: 3 ≤ z ≤ 8} is continuous because it has =
determind by the time accordingly. 1000
(d) X = {0, 1, 2, 3, ... , n} adalah diskret kerana 3 7 2
P[X = 1] = 3C1
dapat dikira. 10 10 
X = {0, 1, 2, 3, ... , n} is discrete because they can be 441
counted. =
1000
3. X = {0, 1, 2}
3 2 7
P[X = 2] = 3C21
2 10   10 
3 H 189
=
2 H 1000
3 1 M 3 3
3 P[X = 3] = 1 
10
2 27
=
1 3 H 1000
3 M
1 M
X=x 0 1 2 3
3
343 441 189 27
P[X = x]
P[X = 0] = P[M, M] 1000 1000 1000 1000
1 1 1 0
= × = 4. (a) (i) P(X = 0) =
=0
3 3 9 6
P[X = 1] = P[H, M] + P[M, H] 1
P(X = 1) =
2 1 1 2 6
= × + × 2 1
3 3 3 3 P(X = 2) = =
6 3
4
= 3 1
9 P(X = 3) = =
6 2
P[X = 2] = P[H, H]
2 2 4 X=x 0 1 2 3
= × =
3 3 9 P(X = x) 0 1 1 1
6 3 2
X=x 0 1 2
P(X = 0) + P(X = 1) + P(X = 2) + P(X = 3)
1 4 4
P[X = x] 1 1 1
9 9 9 =0+ + +
6 3 2
= 1 (Terbukti)/(Proved)

J26
 (ii) P(X = x) ∑ 07 P(Y = y) = 0.1 × 4 + 0.2 × 3
= 0.4 + 0.6 = 1
Maka, Y ialah suatu pemboleh ubah rawak
diskret.
Hence, y is a random discrete variable.
(i) P(Y < 4) = P(Y = 1) + P(Y = 2) + P(Y = 3)
= 0.1 + 0.2 + 01 = 0.4
1 (ii) P(3 < Y < 5) = P(Y = 4)
2
= 0.2
1 4
(c) (i) P(Z > 2) = P(Z = 3) + P(Z = 4) =
3 9
4
1 q + q =
6
9
2
q =
x 9
0 1 2
5
0 3 P(Z = 0) + P(Z = 1) + P(Z = 2) =
9
5
p + p + p + q =
(1 + 1)2 2 9
(b) (i) P(X = 1) = = 2 5
54 27 3p + =
(2 + 1)2 1 9 9
P(X = 2) = = 3
54 6 3p =
(3 + 1)2 8 9
P(X = 3) = = 1
54 27 =
(4 + 1)2 25 9
P(X = 4) = =
54 54
(ii) z 0 1 2 3 4
X=x 1 2 3 4 P(Z = z) 1 1 1 2 2
P(X = x) 2 1 8 25 9 9 3 9 9
27 6 27 54
(iii) P(Z = z)
P(X = 1) + P(X = 2) + P(X = 3) + P(X = 4)
2 1 8 25
= + + +
27 6 27 54 3
= 1 (Terbukti)/(Proved) 9
(ii) P(X = x)

2
9

25
54
1
9

16
54
z
0 0 1 2 3 4
9
54
4 6. (a)
Ini ialah percubaan Bernoulli, kerana
54 kebarangkalian mendapat bola merah setiap
x 5
0 1 2 3 4 kali ialah tak bersandar, iaitu tetap = dan
8
percubaan ini berlaku 4 kali, n = 4.
This is Bernoulli’s trial, because the probability of
5. (a) (i) P(X ≤ 6) = 1 − P(X = 8) getting a red ball every time is not dependent, that is
= 1 − 0.27 = 0.73 5
fixed = and the trial occurs 4 times, n = 4.
(ii) P(2 ≤ X ≤ 6) = 1 − P(X = 8) 8
(b) Ini ialah percubaan Bernoulli, kerana terdapat
= 0.73
dua kesudahan sahaja, dengan p = 0.85 dan
(b)
percubaan ini berlaku 10 kali, n = 10.
Y 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 This is a Bernoulli trial because there are two
outcomes, where p = 0.85 and this trial occurs
P(Y = y) 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1
10 times, n = 10.

J27
 (c) Ini bukan percubaan Bernoulli, kerana P (X = x)
kebarangkalian mendapat A pertama kali,
3 2 1
p= , kedua kali p = dan ketiga kali p =
6 5 4
dengan setiap kali p berubah, iaitu bersandar.
0.30
This is not Bernoulli trial, because the probability to
3 2
get A the first time, p = , the second time p = and 0.25
6 5
1 0.20
the third time p = , where each time p changes,
4 p
that is dependent.
0.15
7. (a) n = 14, p = 0.05, q = 0.95
(i) P(X = 4) 0.10
= 14C4(0.05)4(0.95)10 = 0.0037
(ii) P(X < 12) = 1 − P[X = 12] − P(X = 13) + 0.05

P(X = 14) x
= 1 − (14C12(0.05)12(0.95)2 + 0 0 1 2 3 4 5
14
C13(0.05)13(0.95)1 + 14C14(0.05)14)
= 1
(iii) P(5 ≤ X ≤ 7) = P(X = 5) + P[X = 6) + P(X = 7) 1
(b) n = 4, p =
,q=
1
= [14C5(0.05)5(0.95)9 + 14C6(0.05)6(0.95)8 + 2 2
14C7(0.57)(0.95)7] = 0.00043 1 0 1 4
P(X = 0) = 4C0 2  2 = 0.0625
(b) n = 8, p = 0.9, q = 0.1 2 2
(i) P(X = 8) = 8C8(0.9)8 = 0.4305 1 1 1 3
P(X = 1) = 4C1 2  2 = 0.2500
Maka, 43.05% dijangkiti Covid-19. 2 2
Hence, 43.05% contracted Covid-19. 1 2 1 2
P(X = 2) = 4C2 2  2 = 0.3750
(ii) P(X > 6) = P(X = 7) + P(X = 8) 2 2
= 8C7(0.9)7(0.1)1 + 8C8(0.9)8 1 3 1 1
P(X = 3) = 4C3 2  2 = 0.2500
= 0.8131 2 2
Maka, 81.31% dijangkiti Covid-19. 1 4 1 0
Hence, 81.31% contracted Covid-19. P(X = 4) = 4C4 2  2 = 0.0625
2 2
(c) n = 10, p = 0.95, q = 0.05
P (X = x)
(i) P(X > 8) = P(X = 9] + P(X = 10)
= 10C9(0.95)9(0.05)1 + 10C10(0.95)10
0.4
= 0.9139
(ii) P(2 ≤ X ≤ 8)
= 1 − P(X = 0) − P(X = 1) − P(X = 9) −
P(X = 10) 0.3

= 0.0861
2 1
(d) p = , q =
3 3 0.2

(i) P(X = 0) = 0.0014

2 0 1 n
= nC0 2  2 = 0.0014 0.1
3 3
1
n log  2 = log 0.0014
3
log0.0014 x
n = =6 0
0 1 2 3 4
1
log
3
(ii) P(X > 4) = P(X = 5) + P(X = 6) 1
9. (a) (i) n = 3, p =
2 5 1 2 6 6
= 6C5 2  2 + 6C6 2 1 2 5
P(mendapat dua ‘5’) = 3C2
62 62
3 3 3
= 0.3512 5
8. (a) 0.20 + 0.25 + p + p + 0.15 + 0.05 = 1 =
72
0.65 + 2p = 1 5
2p = 0.35 E(X) = np = 216 ×
(ii) = 15 kali
72
p = 0.175
(b) (i) E(X) = np = 3
3
n 2 = 3
14
n = 14

J28
 3 11 5 (ii) E(X) = np
(ii) Varians = npq = 14 × × =2
14 14 14 = 550 × 0.0322
Sisihan piawai = 1.54 = 17.68
Standard deviation (c) n = 5, p = 0.8, q = 0.2
(b) (i) q = 0.35, p = 0.65 (i) P(X = 3) = 5C3(0.8)3(0.2)2
Sisihan piawai = 1.5 = n(0.65)(0.35) = 0.2048
Standard deviation (ii) P(X < 2) = P(X = 0) + P(X = 1)
1.52   = 0.00672
n =
(0.65)(0.35) (iii) E(X) = np
= 10 = 50 × 0.8
(ii) Min/Mean = np = 40
= 10(0.65) 11. (a) (i) µ = 32
= 6.5 (ii) P(X > 32) = 0.5
10. (a) p = 0.02, q = 0.98 (iii) P(23 < X < 32) = 0.5 – 0.16
P(X ≥ 1) > 0.95 = 0.34
1 – P(X = 0) > 0.95 (b) (i) P(X > 54) = 1 – 0.26
1 − nC0(0.02)0(0.98)n > 0.95 = 0.74
0.98n < 0.05 (ii) P(54 ≤ X ≤ 76) = 1 − 2(0.26)
n log 0.98 < log 0.05 = 0.48
log0.05 (c) f(x)
n >
log0.98
n > 148.28
n = 149
1 3 5 2
(b) (i) P(X = 3) = 5C3 2  2 x
6 6 0 2.5 2.8 3.0

= 0.0322
12.
Pemboleh ubah X Min, µ Sisihan piawai, σ Skor-z
Variable X Mean, µ Standard deviation, σ z-score

X − 67 67 15 0.8
(a) 0.8 =
X = 15(0.8) + 67
= 79
(b) 4.6 4.6 – µ 0.9 −2.1
−2.1 =
0.9
µ = 4.6 + 2.1(0.9)
= 6.49

(c) 130 143 130 − 143 –1.85

–1.85 =
σ
–13
σ =
–1.85
= 7.03

13. (a) P(Z < –0.4) = P(Z > 0.4) Jumlah luas di bawah graf ialah 1.
= 0.3446 Total area under the graph is 1.
f(z) f(z)

z z
–0.4 0 –1.2 0

Graf ialah simetri pada f(z) = 0. (c) 1 – P(Z > 1.5) – P(Z > 2.1) f(z)
Graph is symmetrical about f(z) = 0.
= 1 – 0.0668 – 0.0179
(b) P(Z > –1.2)
= 0.9153
= 1 – P(Z ≥ 1.2)
= 1 – 0.1151 z
–1.5 0 2.1
= 0.8849

J29
14. (a) skor-z = –1.78 k – 40.2
∴ = 0.83
f(z) 12.5
k = 50.58
f(z)
0.3387
z 0.2033
z 0
z
–0.416 0 0.83
(b) 1 – P(Z ≤ z) = 0.9126
P(Z ≤ z) = 0.0874
30 – 35 40 – 35
skor-z = –1.357 (d) P <Z<  = 0.578
k k
Luas adalah lebih daripada 0.5, maka skor-z
5 5
ialah negatif. P– < Z < 2 = 0.578
Area is more than 0.5, so z-score is negative.
k k
5
f(z) 1 – 2P(Z ≥ ) = 0.578
k
5
P1Z ≥ 2 = 0.211
k
z 5
z 0 = 0.803
k
(c) 1 – P(Z > z) = 0.8251 k = 6.23
P(Z > z) = 0.1749 f(z)
0.578
skor-z = 0.935 0.211
Luas lebih daripada 0.5, maka skor-z ialah
z
positif. 5 0 5
–
k k
Area is more than 0.5, so z-score is positive.
f(z) 16. (a) (i) µ = 53, σ = 9
P[42 < X < 58]
42 – 53 58 – 53
= P <Z< 4
9 9
z
0 z 11 5
= P– <Z< 4
k − 15 9 9
15. (a) P(Z > ) = 0.4152 = 0.5999
22 40 – 53
(ii) P(X < 40] = PZ < 4
k − 15 9
= 0.214
22 = 0.0743
k = 19.71 0.0743 × 100% = 7.43%
f(z) (iii) P[X > m] = 0.74
m – 53
P3Z >
9 4
0.4152 = 0.74
m – 53
z
= –0.643
0 0.214 9
m = 53 – 9(0.643)
k − 250 = 47.21
(b) PZ <
16 2
= 0.32 (b) P(X < 60) = 0.8
60 – µ
P1Z <
σ 2
k − 250 = 0.8
= –0.468
16
60 – µ
k = 242.51 = 0.842
σ
f(z)
60 – µ = 0.842σ ...➀
0.32 P(X < 70) = 0.9
70 – µ
P1Z <
σ 2
= 0.9
z
–0.468 0
70 – µ
= 1.282
35 – 40.2
P
k – 40.2 σ
12.5 
(c) <Z< = 0.458
12.5 70 – µ = 1.282σ ...➁
k – 40.2 ➁–➀
P–0.416 < Z <
12.5 2
= 0.458
10 = 0.44 σ
1 – P(Z < –0.416) – P1Z >
k – 40.2 σ = 22.73
12.5 2
= 0.458
varians/variance = 516.53
P1Z <
k – 40.2 µ = 60 – 0.842(22.73)
12.5 2
= 0.2033
= 40.86

J30
Praktis SPM 5 3. (a) (i) Min/Mean = 90
Kertas 1 P(X > 140) = 0.12
140 – 90
1. (a) min = 0 dan sisihan piawai = 1 P(X > 140) = PZ > 2
Mean = 0 and standard deviation = 1 σ
(b) P(0 < Z < 1) = 0.3413 = 0.12
140 – 90
38 −32 = 1.175
2. (a) 1.8 = , σ = 3.33 σ
σ
k −32 σ = 42.55
(b) P(X < k) = P(Z < ) = 0.4213 (ii) P(50 < X < 100) =
3.33
k −32 50 – 90 100 – 90
P
42.55 2
= −0.199 <Z< = 0.4193
3.33 42.55
k = 31.34 0.4193 × 45 = 18.87
3. (a) P(X = 0) + P(X > 2) = 1 – h – k = 19
y – 90
(b) P(X < y) = PZ <
42.55 2
4
(b) P(X = 0) = 4C0 p0 (1 − p)4 =
27
1 − p = 0.037 = 0.23
p = 0.963 y – 90
= −0.739
42.55
Kertas 2 y = RM58.56
1. (a) n = 7, p = 0.22 4. (a) RM24 boleh bermain 6 set permainan
P(X = 4) = 7C4(0.22)4(0.78)3 RM24 can play 6 sets of game.
= 0.0389 n=6
(b) (i) Min 0.46 kg dan sisihan piawai m kg. P(menjatuhkan semua tin dalam tiga lontaran
Mean 0.46 kg and the standard deviation of berturut-turut)
m kg. P(topple all the tins in three consecutive throws)
P(X > 0.52) = 0.18 = (0.7)3 = 0.343
PZ >
0.52 – 0.46 P(X ≥ 1) = 1 − P(X = 0)

m 2 = 0.18 = 1 − 6C0(0.343)0(0.657)6
0.52 – 0.46 = 0.9196
= 0.916
m Peratus menang ialah 91.96%. Awang patut
0.52 – 0.46
m = bermain.
0.916 Percentage to win is 91.96%. Awang should play
= 0.066 kg (b) E(x) = np
(ii) P(0.4 < X < 0.5) 3 = n(0.3430)

0.4 – 0.46 0.5 – 0.46
= P1
0.066 2
<Z< n = 8.75
0.066 Dia perlu bermain 9 set.
= 0.5461 He needs to play 9 sets.
0.5461 × 375 = 205 bungkus
1.2 – 0.75 Sudut KBAT
2. (a) (i) P(X > 1.2) = PZ > 2 = 0.0668
0.3 (a) min/mean = 16.4
(ii) P(X < m) = PZ <
m – 0.75 P[X > 17] = 0.16
0.3 2
= 0.15
17 – 16.4
m – 0.75 P3Z > 4 = 0.16
= −1.036 σ
0.3
m = 0.4392 kg 17 – 16.4
= 0.994
(b) (i) p = 0.4 σ
P(X = 1) = 8 × P(X = 0) σ = 0.6036 m
n
C1(0.4)(0.6)n − 1 = 8 × nC0(0.6)n (b) P[15.2 < X < 17] = 13.5 + 34 + 34
0.4 = 81.5%
n× = 8 (c) P[X < 15.2] = 0.025
0.6
0.6 15.2 – 16.4
n = 8 × P3Z <
0.6036 4
= 12 = 0.01563
0.4
(ii) Var(X) = npq = 12(0.4)(0.6)
0.01563 × 1000 = 15.63 pokok
Sisihan piawai = 1.7
Standard deviation

J31
 (c) y
BAB
Fungsi Trigonometri
6 Trigonometric Functions
39 0
x

1. (a) y (d) y
II 1
121
kot/ cot 219° =
tan 219°
 0
x x = kot/ cot 39°
0 
–412 (d) y
IV

0
x
α = 180° − 121° α = 412° − 360° 28
152
= 59° = 52°
2 –2 × 180°
(b) y (e) – π = kos/ cos (−152°) = kos/ cos 28°
3 3
= –120° (e) y
I
 y
x
0 x
0 –32
316
0
x
60
–120 1
α = 360° − 316° III –kosek(–32°) = –
sin(–32°)
= 44°
1
α = 60° =–
–sin 32°
9 9 × 180°
(c) (f) p = = kosek/ cosec 32°
y 8 8
II = 202.5° (f) y
y 135

x 45
x
0 520 9 0
8
x
 0

3 3 × 180°
–tan
4 2
α = 180° − 160° π = – tan  2
4
= 20° 9 π
α= p–p= = –tan 135°
8 8
= −(−tan 45°)
2. (a) θ = 360° + (180° – 42°) = tan 45°
= 498° (g) y
π
(b) θ = – 3π – 
6
17 0 x
= – π 60
6
kerana arah ikut jam.
because follows clockwise direction.
3. (a) 8
y –sin– π2 = –sin(–480°)
3
= –(–sin 60°)
x
69 0 = sin 60°
y
(h)
sin 249° = –sin 69°
(b) y
x
0 45
20 0 x

7 1
π) = –
–kot(
1 4 tan 315°
sek (–200°) =
kos(–200°) 1
= –
1 –tan 45°
= –sek 20°
–kos 20° = kot/ cot 45°

J32
 4. (a) y 1
(c) (i) sin θ = y
–12 2 + 2p + p2
x
 0
–5 (ii) kosek/cosec θ = 1

+p 2
13
sin θ

2p
1

+
√2
= 2 + 2p + p
2
–5 
x
(i) sin θ = 1+p 0 (1+p)
13 (iii) kos/cos θ =
1 1 13 2 + 2p + p2
(ii) sek/ sec θ = = =–
kos/ cos θ –12 12
6. (a) y
13
7618

(iii) kot/ cot θ = 1 = 12

tan θ 5 1342
y x
(b) sek/sec θ = – 2 = 1 0
cos θ √2
–1 1 kos/cos θ = sin 13° 42’
kos/cos θ = 
2 x = kos 76° 18’
–1 0
θ = 76° 18’
(i) kot/cot θ = –1
(b)
(ii) kosek/cosec θ = 1 = 2 y
sin θ
745
1
(iii) sin θ =
2 8215
x
0
y
(c) kot/cot θ = – 3
–1 √3 kot/cot θ = tan 82° 15’
tan θ = x
3 0  = kot 7° 45’
∴θ = 7° 45’
(i) kos/cos θ = 3 2 –1
2 (c) y
(ii) kosek/cosec θ = 1
90–p
sin θ
1
= p
1 0
x
–
2
= –2 kosek/ cosec θ = sek/ sec p°
(iii) sek/sec θ = 1 1 1
kos/cos θ =
sin θ kos/ cos p°
1 2 sin θ = kos/ cos p°
= =
3 3 = sin 90° − p°
2 θ = 90° − p
–1 (d)
5. (a) (i) kos/cos θ = y
1 + p2 556
1 y
(ii) kosek/cosec θ =
sin θ 3454
√1+p2 x
0
p
1+p 2
= 
x
p –1 0 sin θ = kos/ cos 34° 54’
(iii) sek/sec θ = 1 = sin 55° 6’
kos/cos θ θ = 55° 6’
= – 1 + p2 (e) y
2126
p2 – 4
(b) (i) kot/cot θ = y
2
–√p2–4 6834
x
(ii) sek/sec θ = 1 0
x 0
kos θ 

–2
–p p tan (90° − θ) = kot/ cot 68° 34’
=
p2 – 4 = tan 21° 26’
90° − θ = 21° 26’
p2 – 4 90° − 21° 26’ = θ
(iii) kos/cos θ = –
2 θ = 68° 34’

J33
 7. (a) kos/ cos 23° = sin(90° − 23°) (f) sek/sec 420° + kosek/cosec (−120°)
= sin 67° 1 1
= +
= 0.9205 kos/ cos 420° sin (–120°)
(b) tan 23° = kot/ cot = (90 – 23°) 1 1
= +
1 kos/ cos 60° –sin 60° y
= kot/ cot 67° =
tan 67° 1 2 2
= –
1 1 3 60
√3
= x
2.3559 2 60 1
= 0.4245 2
 2
=2– =2 3 – 1
(c) sek/ sec 23° = kosek/cosec (90° – 23°) 3 3
= kosek/cosec 67°
9. (a)
1
=
sin 67° π π 3 5 3 7
0 π π π π π 2π
1 x 4 2 4 4 2 4
=
0.9205 0° 45° 90° 135° 180° 225° 270° 315° 360°
= 1.0864 kos/ 1 0.71 0 –0.71 –1 –0.71 0 0.71 1
8. (a) tan 225° = tan 45° cos x
=1
y kos/ cos x

225
–1
x 1
45 0
–1
√2

1
(b) sek/ sec (−240°) =
kos/ cos(–240°)
1 y x
= 0 90 180 270 360
–kos/ cos 60°
1 2
= = –2
1 √3
60
– 0
x
2 –1
–240
–1
1
(c) – kosek/ cosec (330°) = –
sin 330°
1 (b)
=–
–sin 30° π π 3 5 3 7
1 0 π π π π π 2π
= =2 y 4 2 4 4 2 4
x
1
√3
2 x 0° 45° 90° 135° 180° 225° 270° 315° 360°
0 30
–1
2 tan x 0 1 ∞ –1 0 1 ∞ –1 0
tan x
y

(d) – sin (−300°) 4

= – sin 60° 2
√3
3
= – 60
2 0
x 2
1

x
0 90 180 270 360
y
(e) sin 315° + kos/ cos 135°
1 1 √2
= – + –  1 –2
45 1
2 2 –1 45
x
–1
2
= – √2
–4
2

J34
10. (a) y 3 11. (a) y = a kos bx + c
y= kos 2x
4 a = −2
3 3
4 y = cos 2x
4 1
1 kala dalam 2π
2
x 1
0  2 1 cycle in 2π
2
3
3
– b = ;c=0
4 2
1
(b) a = −2 ; b = kala/cycle ; c = 0
2
(b) y
y = 1+ kos 2x (c) a = 2 ; b = 1 kala/cycle ; c = 1
y = 1+ cos 2x 12. (a)
2 y y = tan x

x 1
0 
x
–1 0  2

–2

(c) y π(1 – tan x) = 2x

y = tan 2x–1
2x
1 – tan x =
π
2x
1– = tan x
0 
x π
–1 2x
Maka/Hence y = 1 –
π
Apabila/When x = 0 y = 1
x = π y = –1
Terdapat 3 penyelesaian
There are 3 solution
(d) y (b) (i)
y = 3│kos 1 x│ y
2 y = │2 sin 2x│
3
y = 3│cos 1 x│
2 2 2
1
x x
0  2 0  2
–1
–2 –2
–3
–2x
(ii) 2|2 sin 2x| – 3 =
π
(e) 3 x
y |2 sin 2x| = –
2 π
1 3 x
∴ y = –
2 π
x
0  2 3
Apabila/When x = 0, y=
–1 2
3 1
–2 x = 2π y = – 2 = –
y = –│sin
3
x│–1 2 2
4
5 penyelesaian/solutions
3
(c) (i) y = –2 sin x 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π
(f) y
2
y 3
y = –2 sin x
2
2 y=k
2

x x
0  2 0 2

–2 y=k
y = 2 – │tan x│

(ii) y = k = −2 atau/or 0 < k ≤ 2

J35
 (d) (i) y 3 sin A kos/ cos A
y = –2 kos x (c) Sebelah kiri / Left side = +
y=
 4
2 2x 3 kos/ cos A sin A
y = –2 cos x
4 sin2 A + kos2 A 1
= =
x
kos A sin A kos A sin A
0 2
1
= sin A + cos A =
2 2

cos A sin A cos A sin A

–2
= sek A kosek A (sebelah kanan)
π 3 = sec A cosec A (right side)
(ii) = –2 kos x (d) Sebelah kiri / Left side
2x 4
π π 1 kot2 A + kos2 A = kosek2 A − 1 + kos2 A
∴y= =   cot 2 A + cos2 A = cosec 2 A − 1 + cos2 A
2x 2 x
= kosek2 A – (1 − kos2 A)
2 penyelesaian/solutions cosec 2 A – (1 − cos2 A)
(e) (i) y = kosek2 A – sin2 A (sebelah kanan)
y = 2 sin 2x+1
3 cosec 2 A – sin2 A (right side)
2
(e) Sebelah kanan / Right side
= (kosek A + kot A)2
1 (cosec A + cot A)2
0
x = kosek2 A + 2 kosek A kot A + kot2 A
  3
2 2 cosec2 A + 2 cosec A cot A + cot 2 A
–1
1 2 kos A kos2 A
–2 = + +
sin A
2
sin A
2
sin2A
(ii) 2 sin 2x + 2 kos x + 1 = 0
1 2 cos A cos2 A
2 sin 2x + 1 = –2 kos x + +
sin2A sin2A sin2A
∴ y = –2 kos x
1 + 2 kos A + kos2 A (1 + kos A)2
2 penyelesaian/solutions = =
sin A
2
sin2A
1 r2 1 + 2 cos A + cos2 A (1 + cos A)2
13. (a) Sebelah kanan: sek2A = = 2
kos A x
2
sin2A = sin2A
1 r2
Right: sec 2A = = (1 + kos A)2 (1 + kos A)2
cos2A x2 = =
y 2 (x2 + y2) 1 – kos A
2
(1 – kos A)(1 + kos A)
Sebelah kiri: 1 + tan2 A = 1 + = (1 + cos A)2
x2 x2 (1 + cos A)2
1 – cos A
2 = (1 – cos A)(1 + cos A)
y2 (x + y )
2 2
Left: 1 + tan2 A = 1 + =
x2 x2 1 + kos A
= (sebelah kiri)
Tetapi/But x2 + y2 = r 2 1 – kos A
Maka/Hence 1 + tan2A = r 2 = sebelah kanan
2
1 + cos A
x (left side)
1 + tan2A = sek2A 1 – cos A
1 r2
(b) Sebelah kanan: kosek2A = = 2 kos (A + B) 1 – tan A + tan B
sin A
2
y 15. (a) =
1
sin (A – B) tan A – tan B
r 2
Right: cosec 2A = = sebelah kanan/Right side
sin2A y2
x2 (x2 + y2) sin A sin B
Sebelah kiri: 1 + kot2 A = 1 + = 1–
y2 y2 cos A cos B
=
x2 (x2 + y2) sin A sin B
Left: 1 + cot 2 A = 1 + = –
y2 y2 cos A cos B
Tetapi/But x 2 + y2 = r2 cos A cos B – sin A sin B
r2
Maka/Hence 1 + kot2 A = = sebelah kanan cos A cos B
y2 =
1 + kot2 A = kosek2 A. sin A cos B – cos A sin B
kos A kos A 1 cos A cos B
14. (a) Sebelah kiri: = = cos (A + B)
1 – sin2A kos2A kos A = = Sebelah kiri/Left side
cos A cos A 1 sin (A – B)
Left:
1 – sin2A
= cos2A = cos A
sin (A – B)
(b) = tan A – tan B
= sek/ sec A kos A kos B
= sebelah kanan/right side Sebelah kanan/Right side
(b) Sebelah kiri / Left side sin A sin B
= 1 − 2(1 − kos2 A) = –
cos A cos B
1 − 2(1 − cos2 A)

sin A cos B – cos A sin B
= 1 − 2 + 2 kos2 A =
cos A cos B
1 − 2 + 2 cos2 A

= 2 kos2 A − 1 (sebelah kanan) sin (A – B)
= = Sebelah kiri/Left side
2 cos2 A − 1 (right side)
cos A cos B

J36
 sin (A + B) + sin (A – B) tan A (c) Sebelah kiri / Left side
(c) =
sin (A + B) – sin (A – B) tan B
1 – kos 2A = 1 – (1 – 2 2sin A)
2

Sebelah kiri/Left side 1 + kos 2A 1 + (2 kos A – 1)

= 2 sin 2A = tan 2A
2
sin A cos B + cos A sin B +
sin A cos B – cos A sin B 2 kos A
=
sin A cos B + cos A sin B – (d) Sebelah kanan / Right side
sin A cos B + cos A sin B θ θ
2 sin kos
2 sin A cos B sin θ 2 2
= =
2 cos A sin B 1 + kos θ θ
1 + (2 kos2 – 1)
sin A cos B 2
= ×
cos A sin B θ
2 sin
= tan A × cot B 2 θ
= = tan
tan A θ 2
= = Sebelah kanan/Right side 2 kos
tan B 2
(e) Sebelah kiri / Left side
16. (a) Jika/If A = B
sin A + kos A = sin A + kos A = 1
2 2
Maka, kos (A + A) = kos A kos A − sin A sin A
Hence, cos (A + A) = cos A cos A − sin A sin A kos A sin A sin A kos A sin A kos A
kos 2A = kos2 A – sin2 A 2 2
cos 2A = cos2 A – sin2 A = =
2 sin A kos A sin 2A
Oleh kerana kos2 A = 1 − sin2 A = 2 kosek 2A
Since cos2 A = 1 − sin2 A
2 cosec 2A
Maka/Hence kos/ cos 2A = 1 − sin2 A – sin2 A
= 1 − 2 sin2 A 18. (a) sin (132° − 72°)
Jika/If sin2 A = 1 − kos2 A = sin 60°
sin2 A = 1 − cos2 A 3
Maka/Hence kos 2A = kos2 A – (1 − kos2 A) =
2
cos 2A = cos2 A – (1 − cos2 A)
(b) tan (120° + 45°)
= 2 kos2 A − 1 /2 cos2 A − 1
θ θ θ (tan 120° + tan 45°)
Jika/If A = , kos θ = kos2 – sin2 =
2 2 2 1 – tan 120° tan 45°
θ θ (– 3 + 1)
cos θ = cos2 – sin2 =
2 2 1 – (– 3 )
θ
= 2 kos2 −1 1– 3
2 =
θ 1+ 3
2 cos2 −1
2 4–2 3
θ =
= 1 − 2 sin2 –2
2 = 3 – 2
(b) Jika/If A = B (c) kos (45° − 30°)
sin (A + A) 2 sin A kos A = kos 45° kos 30° + sin 45° sin 30°
tan (A + A) = =
kos (A + A) kos2 A – sin2 A
1 3 1 1
= 1 21 2 + 1 21 2
2 sin A kos A 2 2 2 2
kos2 A 2 tan A
tan 2A = = ( 3 + 1)
kos2 A – sin2 A 1 – tan2A =
2 2
kos2 A
θ 19. (a) y
θ 2 tan
Jika A = , maka tan θ = 2
2 θ 515
1 – tan2 x
2 515

17. (a) Sebelah kanan / Right side

(kos A + sin A)2 = kos2 A + 2 kos A sin A + sin2 A
= 1 + 2 sin A kos A x = 180° – 51° 5’, 180° + 51.5’
= 1 + sin 2A (sebelah kiri) = 128° 55’, 231° 5’
(b) Sebelah kiri / Left side (b) y
kos2 A + sin2 A
kos2 A
5134
kos A – sin2 A
2 x
5134
kos2 A
1
= = sek 2A
kos 2A

J37
 2 tan x = 2.52 2x
sin = 0.782
tan x = 1.26 3
x = 51° 34’, 180° + 51.34’ = 51° 27’, 128° 33’
= 51° 34’, 231° 34’ x = 77° 11’ , 192° 50’
(c) y (h) y

x 3825
2055 2055 x
3825

sin 2x = –0.357
2 kos(x – 25°) = 1.567
2x = 200° 55’, 339° 5’
kos(x – 25°) = 0.7835
560° 55’, 699° 5’
x – 25° = 38° 25’, 321° 35’
x = 100° 28’, 169° 33’, 280° 28’, 349° 33’
x = 63° 25’, 346° 35’
(d)
y 20. (a) (i) kos (A + B) = kos A kos B – sin A sin B
y
3 12 4 5
= – 2– 2 –  2– 2
4436 5 13 5 13
x
4436
56 4
5
=
65 –3 A
x
(ii) sin 2A = 2 sin A kos A –12
–5
4 3 24 13
= 2 2– 2 = –
kos 2x = 0.712 5 5 25
2x = 135° 24’, 224° 36’ tan A – tan B
(iii) tan (A – B) =
495° 24’, 584° 36 1 + tan A tan B

x = 67°42’. 112° 18’ 4 5
247° 42’, 292° 18’
– – 2
= 3 12
(e) 4 5
1 + – 2
3 12 2
y

15
653 =–3
x
16
653 tan A – tan B
(b) (i) tan (A – B) =
1 + tan A tan B

5
– (–1)
= 12
tan (x + 30) = 2.15
5
1+
12 2
x + 30 = 65° 3’, 245° 3’ (–1)
x = 35° 3’, 215° 3’
17
(f) y =
7 y
2 tan A
(ii) tan 2A =
1 – tan2 A 13
4255 4255 5
x 5 √2
2
12 2
1
B A
= x
–1 12
25
1–
144
sin(2x – 10°) = 0.681 1 120
(2x – 10°) = 42° 55’, 137° 5’ =1 =
119 119
402° 55’, 497° 5’
2x = 52° 55’, 147° 5’ (iii) kosek (A + B)
412° 55’, 507° 5’ 1
=
x = 26° 28’, 73° 32’, 206° 28’ sin (A + B)
253° 32’ sin (A + B) = sin A kos B + kos A sin B
(g) y
5 1 12 1
= 
13 2 2 2  13 2 2
– + )
7
5127 5127 =
x 13 2
13 2
= kosek (A + B) =
7

J38
 (c) (i) kos 2A = 2 kos2A – 1 y 2
cos 2A = 2 cos2 A – 1 p kos x = 0 = sin x kos x
x 5
= 2p2 – 1 A 4
sin 2x = = 0.8
√1–p2 5
1 – p2 1
x = 90°, 270° 2x = 53° 8’, 126° 52’
(ii) tan A =
p 413° 8’, 486° 52’
(iii) kos 4A = kos 2(2A) x = 26° 34’, 63° 26’
cos 4A = cos 2(2A)

206° 34’, 243° 26’
= 2 kos22A –1
(d) 4 tan 2x = 9 tan x
= 2[2p2 – 1]2 – 1
8 tan x
= 2[4p4 – 4p2 + 1] – 1 = 9 tan x
1 – tan2x
= 8p4 – 8p2 + 1
8 tan x = 9 tan x – 9 tan3 x
–1 9 tan3x = tan x
(d) (i) sin A =
1 + p2 tan x[9 tan2x – 1] = 0
1
(ii) sin 2A = 2 sin A kos A tan x = 0 tan x = ±
–1 –p 3
= 2( )( ) x = 0, 180°, 360° x = 18° 27’, 161° 34’, 198° 27’,
1+p 2
1 + p2 341° 34’

2p
= (e) 5 sin x kos x – 5 sin x – 2 kos x + 2 = 0
1 + p2
5 sin x[ kos x – 1] – 2[kos x – 1] = 0
A
(iii) tan (kos x – 1)(5 sin x – 2) = 0
2 A
2tan 2
2 y kos x = 1 sin x =
tan A = 5
A –p
1 – tan2 x
x = 0°, 360°, 23° 35’, 156° 25’
2
A (f) 3 kos x = 5 sin x
A
2tan –1 3
1 2 = tan x
= 5
p A √1+p2
x = 30° 58’ 210° 58’
1 – tan2
2
2A A 3 sin x + 3 kos x 1
1 – tan = 2ptan (g) + = 0
2 2 1 sin x – kos x
2 A A 3[sin x + kos x][sin x – kos x] + 1 = 0
tan + 2p tan – 1= 0 3[sin2x – kos2x] + 1 = 0
2 2
3[sin2x – (1 – sin2x)] + 1 = 0
A –2p ± 4p2 – 4(–1)
tan = 3[2 sin2x – 1] + 1 = 0
2 2 6 sin2x – 2 = 0
–2p ± 4p2 + 4 1
= sin2x =
2 3
= –p ± p2 + 1 1
sin x = ±
x = 35° 16’, 144° 44’ 3
21. (a) kot x + kos x = 0 = 215° 16’, 324° 44’
kos x (h) 3 sin2x = 8 sin x kos x + 3 kos2x
+ kos x = 0
sin x 3 sin2x – 8 sin x kos x – 3 kos2x = 0
kos x[1 + sin x] = 0 (3 sin x + kos x)(sin x – 3 kos x) = 0
kos x = 0 3 sin x = –kos x tan x = 3,
sin x = –1 1
tan x = – , x = 71° 34’, 251° 34’
x = 90°, 270° 3
(b) 2 kos2x – 1 = sin x x = 161° 34’, 341° 33’
2[1 – sin2 x] – 1 = sin x (i) sin2x = 1 – 2 kos2x
2 sin2 x + sin x – 1 = 0 = 1 – 2[1 – sin2x]
(2 sin x – 1)(sin x + 1) = 0 = –1 + 2 sin2x
1 sin2x = 1
sin x =
2 sinx = ± 1
sin x = –1 x = 90°, 270°
x = 30°, 150°, 270° 22. (a) (i) Q(–x, y) P(x, y)
(c) 2 sek2 x = 5 tan x
4
2 5 sin x y
= 
kos2 x kos x
R O x S
2 kos x = 5 sin x kos2 x
kos x[2 – 5 sin x kos x] = 0 x2 + y2 = 16

J39
 Maka OP = 4 4. (a) kos(180° – x)
luas berlorek = kos 180° kos x + sin 180° sin x
= luas semibulatan – luas PQRS = –kos x = – 1 – k 2 y

1
= π(4)2 – (2x)(y) (b) kosek 2x =
1
2 sin 2x 1
y x k
sin θ = , kos θ = 1 x
4 4 = x
2k 1 – k 2 √1–k2
∴ luas berlorek = 8π – 2(4 sin q)(4 kos q)
= 8π – 16 sin 2q
(ii) Apabila/When q = 30°. Kertas 2
Luas/Area = 8p − 16 sin 2(30°) 1. (a)
kot2 x 1
= kos 2x +
1
16 3 1 – kos2 x 2 2
= 8p − kot2 x
2 Sebelah kiri =
= 8p − 8 3 sin2 x
Left side
(b) (i) P(x, y) kos2 x 1
OP = 5 = ÷
sin2 x sin2 x
OP2 = 52
= kos2 x
x2 + y2 = 52
Tetapi kos 2x = 2kos2 x – 1
x2 + y2 = 25
QOP = 180° – 2θ kos 2x + 1
kos2 x =
(ii) luas berlorek = luas sektor – luas ∆QOP 2
(180° – 2θ) 1 1 1
= × p(5)2 – (2x)y = kos 2x +
360° 2 2 2
y
(90° – θ) 1 1 3
= 25 π – xy (b) kos 2x + = 2
180° 2 2 4
x = 5 kos θ, y = 5 sin θ 1
5 kos 2x = 60
x
luas berlorek = (90° – θ)p – 25 sin θ kos θ 2 0 1
36 2x = 60°, 300°, 420°, 660°
(iii) Apabila θ = 15° x = 30°, 150°, 210°, 330°
5 25
luas berlorek = [90° – 15°]p – sin 30° 1 1
36 2 (c) (i) y = kos2x +
= 32.72 – 6.25 2 2
= 26.47 unit2 y 1 1
y= kos 2x +
2 2
1 1 2x
Praktis SPM 6 y = cos 2x + y = 3
1 2 2
1
Kertas 1 2 x
1. sin 2x + sin x = 0 y
0  2
2 sin x kos x + sin x = 0
2
sin x[2 kos x + 1] = 0
60 x
1 1 1
sin x = 0 ; 3π( kos 2x + ) = 2x
2 2
x = 0°, 180°, 360°,
1 1 1 2x
kos x = – kos 2x + =
2 2 2 3π
x = 120°, 240° 2x
y = x = 0, y = 0
2. sin (x – 45°) y 3π
2
= sin x kos 45° – kos x sin 45° –12
x x = π, y =
= sin x cos 45° – cos x sin 45° x 3
–5 3 penyelesaian/solutions
= 1  –5 2 – 1  –12 2 13
2. (a) tan(x + 45°) + tan(x – 45°) = 2 tan 2x
2 13 2 13
tan x + 1 tan x – 1
7 Sebelah kiri = +
= Left side 1 – tan x 1 + tan x
13 2
3. 3 kos x – kosek x + 2 = 0 (1 + tan x)2 – (1 – tan x)2
=
1 1 – tan2 x
3 kos x – +2=0
kos x 1 + 2 tan x + tan2 x – 1 +
3 kos2x + 2 kos x – 1 = 0 2 tan x – tan x
=
[3 kos x – 1][kos x + 1] = 0 1 – tan2 x
1 2(2 tan x)
kos x = ; –1 =
3 1 – tan2 x
x = 70° 32’, 289° 28‘, 180° = 2 tan 2x

J40
 1 (b) (i) & (ii)
(b) 2 tan 2x =
2
y y = tan x
1
tan 2x =
4
2x = 14° 2’, 194° 2’,
274° 2’, 554° 2’ x
0  2
x = 7° 1’, 97° 1’, 137° 1’, 277° 1’
1 y=–
x
(c) y = [tan(x + 45°) + tan(x – 45°)] + 1
2 

1 x x
y = [2 tan 2x] + 1 kot [sek x – 1) = –
2 2 π
= tan 2x + 1
sek x – 1 x
y x = tan x = –
tan π
2

x
1 ∴y=–
π
x
0  x = 0, , y = 0
x = π, y = –1
3 penyelesaian/solutions

sek A – 1 A Sudut KBAT

3. (a) (i) = tan
tan A 2 sin(A – B) 3
(a) =
Sebelah kiri sin(A + B) 5
Left side 5[sin A kos B – kos A sin B]
1 = 3[sin A kos B + kos A sin B]
–1
kos A 1 – kos A 2 sin A kos B = 8 kos A sin B
= =
sin A sin A sin A kos B = 4 kos A sin B

kos A A 1
1 – [1 – 2 sin2 ] (b) (i) tan B =
2 2
=
A A sin A
2 sin kos = 4 tan B
2 2 kos A
1
sin
A = 4  2 = 2
2 = tan A 2
=
A 2 tan A = 2
kos
2 2 tan A
(ii) tan 2A =
1 sek 45° – 1 1 – tan2 A
(ii) tan 22 =
2 tan 45° 2(2) 4
= =
1 1–4 –3
= –1 = 2 – 1
kos 45°

J41
 (c) y
BAB
Pengaturcaraan Linear x ≥ –1
7 Linear Programming
R
x≤y

x + 2y ≥ 4

1. (a) y
0
x

x y
0 4. (a)

x ≥ 1 – 2y

(b) y R

–x ≥ –4

x
0

–2 ≤ y
0 x

y
(b)
x + y ≤ 60
2. (a) y = 4
y > 4
5 − (−2) 7
(b) m = =–
−4 − 4 8
x + 4y ≤ 100
7 R
y = – x + c x
8 0
3
c =
2
7 3
y = – x +
8 2 y
7 3 (c)
y ≤ – x +
8 2
y 2y  4x – 1 y ≥ –3x – 15
3. (a)
2y + x ≥ –12

y≤5
0 R x

2  x + 2y
y ≥ 4x – 12

R
x
0 5. (a) y ≤ 3x + 3
4
x4 y ≥ – x + 4
3
1
(b) y y ≥ x − 1
x + y  10
2
3x – 2y  –5
(b) x ≥ 0
x ≤ 2
2
y ≥ x
0 R
x 3
y ≤ 2x + 2
2y +3x + 2  0 (c) y + x ≥ 4
3x + 2y ≤ 12
x + 2y ≤ 8

J42
 6. (a) Pada (−2, 2) ialah titik minimum, maka (b) Keuntungan/Profit K = 3x + 6y
At (−2, 2) is a minimum point, hence Titik optimum ialah titik persilangan.
k = 2 + 2(−2) = −2 The optimum point is the intersection point.
Pada (4, 5) ialah titik maksimum, maka y = 80 dan/and x − 3y = 300
At (4, 5) is a maximum point, hence Nilai integer x terdekat ialah 46.
k = 5 + 2(4) = 13 The value of the nearest integer x is 46.
(b) Pada (3, 1) ialah titik minimum. Maka, Maka, untung maksimum K
k = 2(1) + 3 = 5. Hence, the maximum profit K
Tidak wujud titik maksimum kerana garis = 3(46) + 6(80)
lurus boleh dianjak merentas rantau yang = RM618
tidak ada had. (c) Untuk y = x, titik maksimum = (60, 60).
At (3, 1) is a minimum point. Hence, k = 2(1) + 3 = 5. For y = x, maximum point = (60, 60).
There is no maximum point because the straight Jenis A dan B masing-masing ialah 60 unit.
lines can be moved across an unlimited region. Type A and type B are 60 units respectively.
7. (a) I 4x + 5y ≤ 120 (b) (a) I x + y ≤ 100
II 3x + 5y ≤ 150 II y ≥ 20
III 600x + 1 500y ≤ 30 000 III y ≤ 2x
atau 2x + 5y ≤ 100 (b) y
(b) (i) Jika perbelanjaan untuk penyuntingan
dan penulisan ialah x, maka x ≤ 5 000.
If the cost for editing and writing is x, then 100
x ≤ 5 000. y = 2x
(ii) Jika perbelanjaan lain ialah y, maka 80
y ≤ 1 000.
If the other expenses is y, then y ≤ 1 000.
60
(iii) Kos 150 ribu naskhah ialah = 150 × 2 000
20 40 R
= RM15 000.
Kos untuk percetakan dan pengangkutan (80, 20) y = 20
20
Z ≥ 15 000.
150 × 2 000 x + y = 100
The cost of 150 thousand copies is
20 x
= RM15 000. 0 20 40 60 80 100
The cost for printing and transportation
Z ≥ 15 000. (c) (i) x maksimum / x maximum = 80
8. (a) (i) Ketaksamaan bagi setiap kekangan. (ii) 20 ≤ y ≤ 50
The inequalities for each constraint. (iii) Andaikan P = 1 200x + 600y
I y ≤ 80 Yuran maksimum / Maximum fees
II x − 3y ≤ 30 = 1 200(80) + 600(20)
3x + 2y ≤ 300
III = RM108 000
(ii)
y Praktis SPM 7
y=x
3x + 2y = 300 Kertas 2
1. (a) I : 10x + 30y ≥ 30
100 x + 3y ≥ 3
II : y ≤ x
80 y = 80
III : x ≤ 9
(b) y
60

40 R x=9
10

20
x – 3y = 30 8

x x
0 20 40 60 80 100 =
6 y

–20
R
4

(iii) (a) Daripada graf, julat bilangan B ialah (3, 3)

2
From the graph, the range of the number of x + 3y = 12
B is
x
10 ≤ y ≤ 60 0 2 4 6 8 10 12

J43
 (c) (i) Julat ialah 4 ≤ x ≤ 9. (b)
The range is 4 ≤ x ≤ 9.
(ii) K = 120x + 180y 3x + 4y = 400 y
Kos maksimum / Maximum cost x – y = 15
K = 120(9) + 180(9) 100
= RM2 700
2. (a) 50x + 60y ≤ 750 80
5x + 6y ≤ 75
60
75x + 45y ≤ 15 × 60
5x + 3y ≤ 60 40
(b)
20

y x
–20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

–20
x + y = 40
3x + 4y = 360

12 (c) (i) Titik minimum = (20, 20)

Minimum point
10 Harga / Price = 30(20) + 40(20)
8
= RM1 400
Baki = RM4000 − RM1 400 = RM2 600
6 (ii) Peruntukan yang tinggal = RM3 600
Allocation left = RM3 600
4
Maka/Hence
2 30x + 40y ≤ 3600
x
3x + 4y ≤ 360
-2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Bilangan pen maksimum = 60
5x + 3y = 60 Maximum number of pens
5x + 6y = 75

Sudut KBAT
(c) (i) y = 2x, (a) x + y ≤ 20
Dalam rantau, x maksimum = 4 dan y 80x + 50y ≤ 1 200
maksimum = 8 8x + 5y ≤ 120
In the region, x maximum = 4 and y maximum = (b)
8 y

(ii) U = 60x + 30y, apabila x = 9, y = 5 akan 25

8x + 5y = 120
mendapat maksimum
20
U = 60(9) + 30(5)
= RM 690 15
3. (a) x + y ≥ 40
30x + 40y ≤ 4 000 10
3x + 4y ≤ 400
x − y ≤ 15 5

x
–5 0 5 10 15 20
x + y = 20

(c) (i) Julat / Range 0 ≤ x ≤ 11

(ii) Lukis x = 2y, maksimum kambing y = 5

J44
 BAB
(ii) Apabila t = 2 s, v(2) = (2 − 2)(3(2) − 4)
Kinematik Gerakan Linear = 0 m s−1 (zarah berhenti seketika)
8 Kinematics of Linear Motion (the particle stops instantaneously)
(iii) Apabila t = 5 s, v(5) = (2 − 5)(3(5) − 4)
= −33 m s−1 (zarah bergerak ke arah kiri)
1. (a) (i) Jumlah jarak = jumlah semua perjalanan (the particle moves to the left)
Total distance = total all the journey 1
(b) (i) Apabila t = 0 s, v(0) = (0)2 – 2(0)
= (2 + 3 + 7) km 2
= 12 km = 0 m s−1 (zarah tidak bergerak)
(ii) Titik asal Cik Nor ialah rumahnya dan (the particle is not moving)
titik akhir juga rumahnya. Maka sesaran = 1
(ii) Apabila t = 2 s, v(2) = (2)2 – 2(2)
0 km. 2
Cik Nor’s original point is her house and the end = −2 m s−1 (zarah bergerak ke arah kiri)
point is also her house. Hence, displacement = (the particle moves to the left)
0 km. 1
(b) (i) Jumlah jarak = jumlah semua perjalanan (iii) Apabila t = 5 s, v(5) = (5)2 – 2(5)
2
Total distance = total all the journey 1
= 2 m s−1
= (5 + 8) m 2
= 13 m (zarah bergerak ke arah kanan)
(ii) Titik asal zarah ialah di O dan titik akhirnya (the particle moves to the right)
ialah 3 m ke kiri O. 1
(c) (i) Apabila t = 0 s, v(0) = (2(0) − 3)2 − 4
Maka sesaran = −3 m. 2
The original point of the particle is at O and its
1
= m s−1
end point is 3 m to the left of O. 2
So, displacement = −3 m. (zarah bergerak ke arah kanan)
2. (a) (i) Apabila t = 0 s, s(0) = 4 – 2(0) − 02 (the particle moves to the right)

=4m 1
(ii) Apabila t = 1 s, v(1) = (2(1) − 3)2 − 4
(zarah berada ke kanan O) 2
the particle is at the right of O) = 1 –3 m s−1
2
(ii) Apabila t = 1 s, s(1) = 4 – 2(1) − 12 (zarah bergerak ke arah kiri)
=1m (the particle moves to the left)
(zarah berada ke kanan O) 1
(the particle is at the right of O) (iii) Apabila t = 2 s, v(2) = (2(2) − 3)2 − 4
2
(iii) Apabila t = 2 s, s(2) = 4 – 2(2) − 22 = 1 –3 m s−1
= −4m 2
(zarah berada di titik O) (zarah bergerak ke arah kiri)
(the particle is at O) (the particle moves to the left)
(b) (i) Apabila t = 1 s, s(1) = 2 + 4(1) − 2(1)2 4. (a) (i) Apabila t = 0 s, a(0) = 2 − 5(0) + 02
= 4 m (zarah berada ke kanan O) = 2 m s−2
(the particle is at the right of O) (halaju zarah bertambah)
(ii) Apabila t = 5 s, s(5) = 2 + 4(5) − 2(5)2 (the velocity is increasing)
= −28 m (zarah berada ke kiri O) 1 1 1 1
s, a  = 2 − 51  + 1 
2
(the particle is at the left of O)
(ii) Apabila t =
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 1
(iii) Apabila t = s, s( ) = 2 + 4( ) − 2( )2 =− ms −2
2 2 2 2 4
1 (halaju zarah berkurang)
= 3 m (zarah berada ke kanan O) (the velocity is decreasing)
2 (the particle is at the right of O)
(iii) Apabila t = 3 s, a(3) = 2 − 5(3 ) + (3)2
(c) (i) Apabila t = 0 s, s(0) = (1 − 0)(3(0) + 4)
= −4 m s−2
= 4 m (zarah berada ke kanan O)
(the particle is at the right of O)
(halaju zarah berkurang)
(the velocity is decreasing)
1 1 1 1
(ii) Apabila t = s, s( ) = (1 − )(3( )+ 4) (b) (i) Apabila t = 1 s, a(1) = −2(1) + 6
3 3 3 3
= 4 m s−2
1
= 3 m (zarah berada ke kanan O) (halaju zarah bertambah)
3 (the velocity is increasing)
(the particle is at the right of O)
(iii) Apabila t = 1.5 s, (ii) Apabila t = 3 s, a(3) = −2(3) + 6
s(1.5) = (1 − 1.5)(3(1.5) + 4) = 0 m s−2
1 (halaju zarah adalah malar)
= −4 m (zarah berada ke kiri O) (the velocity is constant)
4
(the particle is at the left of O) (iii) Apabila t = 4 s, a(4) = −2(4) + 6
3. (a) (i) Apabila t = 0 s, v(0) = (2 − 0)(3(0) − 4) = −2 m s−2
= −8 m s−1 (zarah bergerak ke arah kiri) (halaju zarah berkurang)
(the particle moves to the left) (the velocity is decreasing)

J45
 (c) (i) Apabila t = 2 s, a(2) = −(2)2 + 4(2) (halaju zarah adalah malar)
= 4 m s−2 (the velocity is constant)
(halaju zarah bertambah) (iii) Apabila t = 6 s, a(6) = −(6)2 + 4(6)
(the velocity is increasing) = −12 m s−2
(ii) Apabila t = 4 s, a(4) = −(4)2 + 4(4) (halaju zarah berkurang)
= 0 m s−2 (the velocity is decreasing)

5. (a)

Lakaran graf sesaran- Jumlah jarak Jarak yang dilalui

masa dilalui dalam saat ketiga
Displacement-time graph Total distance travelled Distance travelled in the
third second
(a) s(t) = 3t − 4, s(t)
Dari graf, Jarak dalam saat ketiga
0 ≤ t ≤ 3 jumlah jarak Distance in the third second
From the graph, total = s(3) − s(2)
s(t) = 3t − 4 distance = 3(3) − 4 − [3(2) − 4)]
Graf ini ialah graf garis 5 =4+5=9m =3m
lurus dengan kecerunan
3 dan titik pintasan-y 3
t
0
ialah −4.
–4
This is a straight line graph
with the gradient of 3 and
the y-interception point is −4.

(b) s(t) = (t − 2)(t − 5), Dari graf, Jarak dalam saat ketiga
0≤t≤6 s(t) jumlah jarak Distance in the third second
From the graph, total = s(3) − s(2)
s(t) = (t − 2)(t − 5) distance = (3 − 2)(3 − 5) –
10 (2 − 2)(2 − 5)
= t2 − 7t + 10 1 1
= 10 + 2 + 2 + 4 = −2 m
Graf ini ialah graf 4 4
minimum dengan punca- 7 1 =2m
2 = 18 m
punca 2 dan 5. 2 5
t 2
0
This is a minimum graph
1
with the roots of 2 and 5. –2
4
Titik minimum
ds(t)
= 2t − 7 = 0
dt
7 1
t = , s = –2
2 4

(c) s(t) = −t 2 + 4t − 3, s(t)

Dari graf, jumlah jarak Jarak dalam saat ketiga
0 ≤ t ≤ 3 From the graph, total Distance in the third second
distance = s(3) − s(2)
s(t) = −t + 4t − 3
2 1 =3+1+1 = (1 − 3)(3 − 3) −
= (1 − t)(t − 3) =5m (1 − 2)(2 − 3)
t
0 1 2 3 =1m
Graf ini ialah graf
maksimum dengan
punca-punca 1 dan 3
–3
This is a maximum graph
with the roots of 1 and 3.
Titik maksimum
ds(t)
= −2t + 4 = 0
dt
t = 2, s = 1

J46
 6. (a) (i) Untuk sesaran positif, s > 0 (ii) Untuk halaju malar, pecutan mesti 0.
For positive displacement For a uniform velocity, the acceleration must be 0.
s(t) = t 2 − 3t > 0 d2s
Jadi,
a = 2 = 2t − 4 = 0
t(t − 3) > 0 dt
t > 3 t = 2
(ii) Apabila s = 10 Apabila t = 2, halaju malar
t 2 − 3t = 10 When t = 2, the velocity is uniform.
t 2 − 3t −10 = 0 v = 22 − 4(2) − 12 = −16 m s−1
(t − 5)(t + 2) = 0 ds
(b) = −3t2 + 6t + 9
t = 5 dt
s(t)
(i) Untuk sesaran maksimum atau minimum,
For maximum or minimum displacement,
ds
=0
dt
−3t + 6t + 9 = 0
2

t 2 − 2t − 3 = 0
t (t + 1)(t − 3) = 0
0 3
t = 3
Apabila t = 3,
(b) (i) Untuk sesaran positif, s > 0. s = −33 + 3(3)2 + 9(3)
For positive displacement = 27 m (ke kanan O)
s(t) = t2 − 3t – 4 > 0 Untuk menentukan sesaran maksimum
(t − 4)(t + 1) > 0 atau minimum.
To determine maximum or minimum
t > 4
displacement.
(ii) Apabila s = 25
–
d2s
= −6t + 6
4 dt2
4t −12t – 16 = −25
2
d2s
4t 2 −12t + 9 = 0 Apabila t = 6, = −30 < 0
dt2
(2t − 3)(2t − 3) = 0 Maka, s = 27 m ialah maksimum.
3 Hence, s = 27 m is maximum
t = (ii) Untuk halaju malar, pecutan mesti 0
2
s(t) For a uniform velocity, the acceleration must
be 0.
d2s
Jadi, a = = −6t + 6 =0
dt2
4
t t=1
–4 Apabila t = 1, halaju malar.
When t = 1, the velocity is uniform.
v = −3(1)2 + 6(1) + 9
ds = 12 m s−1
7. (a) = t 2 − 4t − 12
dt ds
(i) Untuk sesaran maksimum atau minimum, 8. (a) (i) = v = −6t2 + 12t
dt
For maximum or minimum displacement, Apabila t = 0, v = 0 m s−1 v
ds dv
=0 (ii) = −12t + 12
dt dt
t − 4t −12 = 0
2
Apabila t = 0, a = 12 m s−2
(t + 2)(t − 6) = 0 Apabila t = 2, t
0 2
t = 6 a = −12(2) + 12
Apabila t = 6, = −12 m s−2
(6)3 (iii) Apabila halaju maksimum atau minimum,
s = − 2(6)2 − 12(6) + 4
3 dv
= −68 m (ke kiri O) = 0.
dt
Untuk menentukan sesaran maksimum When velocity is maximum or minimum,
atau minimum.
To determine maximum or minimum dv = 0.
displacement. dt
d2s −12t + 12 = 0
= 2t − 4 t = 1
dt2
d2s Untuk menentukan sama ada maksimum
Apabila t = 6, 2 = 8 > 0
dt atau minimum, kita guna
Maka, s = −68 ialah minimum. To determine whether the velocity is maximum
Hence, s = −68 is minimum or minimum, we use

J47
 d2v Maka / Hence,
= −12 (< 0 maksimum)
dt2 3 2 3
v = 1  − 31  + 10
Maka, apabila t = 1, halaju maksimum = 2 2
−6(1)2 + 12 3
= 7 m s –1
= 6 m s−1 (ke arah kanan / to the right) 4
ds dv
(b) (i) = 9t2 − 15t + 6 v
10. (a) (i) a = =4−t
dt dt
Apabila t = 0, v = 6 m s −1
dv = (4 − t) dt
dv
(ii) = 18t − 15
dt
6 ∫dv = ∫(4 − t) dt
1 2
Apabila t = 0, a = −15 m s−2 v = 4t – t +c
2 2
Apabila t = 2, 3 1 t Apabila/
When t = 2, v = −5. Maka/Hence
a = 18(2) − 15 1
– 1
= 21 m s−2 4 −5 = 4(2) – (2)2 + c
2
(iii) Apabila halaju maksimum atau minimum, c = −11
dv 1
= 0. v = 4t – t2 − 11
dt 2
18t − 15 = 0 Apabila/When a = 2, 4 − t = 2
5
t = t = 2
6 1
Untuk menentukan sama ada maksimum v = 4(2) – (2)2 − 11
2
atau minimum, kita guna
To determine whether the velocity is maximum
v = −5 m s−1
or minimum, we use (ii) s = ∫v dt
d2v
= 18 ( > 0 minimum) –1 2
dt2 =∫[ t + 4t −11] dt
5 2
Maka, apabila t = , halaju mininum =
6 –1 3
5 2 5 = t + 2t2 − 11t + c
9 2 − 15 2 + 6 6
6 6 Apabila/ When t = 0, s = 0, c = 0
1
= – m s ( ke arah kiri / to the left)
−1
–1 3
4 s = t + 2t2 − 11t
6
dv Apabila halaju maksimum atau minimum.
9. (a) (i) a = = 12 − 4t
dt When the velocity is maximum or minimum.
dv = (12 − 4t) dt dv
= 0, 4 − t = 0
∫dv = ∫12t − 4t dt t = 4
dt
v = 12t − 2t 2 + c
–1
Apabila t = 0, v = −2. Maka, c = −2 s = (4)3 + 2(4)2 − 11(4)
6
v = 12t − 2t2 − 2
Apabila t = 2, v = 12(2) − 2(2)2 – 2 = 2
–22 m
3
= 14 m s−1 dv
(ii) Apabila pecutan ialah sifar, (b) (i) a = = 6t
dt
When the acceleration is zero dv = (6t) dt
12 − 4t = 0
t = 3 ∫dv = ∫(6t) dt
Maka / Hence, v = 3t2 + c
v = 12(3) − 2(3)2 − 2 Apabila/When t = 1, v = 4. Maka/Hence
= 16 m s−1 4 = 3(1)2 + c
dv c = 1
(b) (i) a = = 2t − 3
dt v = 3t2 + 1
dv = (2t − 3)dt Apabila
a = 2, 6t = 2
∫dv = ∫2t − 3 dt 1
t =
v = t2 − 3t + c 3
1 2
Apabila t = 0, v = 10. Maka, c = 10 v = 3 2 + 1
3
v = t2 − 3t + 10 1
Apabila t = 2, v = (2)2 − 3(2) + 10 v = 1 m s−1
3
= 8 m s−1
(ii) s = ∫v dt
(ii) Apabila pecutan ialah sifar,
When the acceleration is zero = ∫[3t2 + 1] dt

2t − 3 = 0
3 = t3 + t + c
t = Apabila t = 0, s = 0, c = 0
2

J48
 s = t3 + t (iii) Apabila balik ke O, s = 0
Apabila halaju maksimum atau minimum. 1
When the velocity is maximum or minimum. 4t2 – t3 = 0
3
dv 1 (8, 108
= 0, 6t = 0 t [4 – t] = 0
2
v
dt 3
t = 0 t = 0 t = 12
Jadi/So s = 0
(iv) s = ∫ (8t – t2)dt
6
11. (a)
v = 2t(6 − t) 0
Luas dari 3 hingga 6 ialah 1 36
The area from 3 to 6 is = [4t2 – t] t
3 0 O 6 8
s1 = ∫ (12t − 2t2)dt
6
= 72 m
3
2 6 2 3
= [6t2 − t3] = [6[6]2 − (6)3] − [6(3)2 − (b) (i) t = 0 v=
3 3 3 2
2
(3) ] 3 ∫ = a + bt
3 b
= 36 m v = at + t2 + c
2
Luas dari t = 6 ke t = 8 3 3
The area from t = 6 to t = 8. t = 0 v = c =
2 2
s2 = ∫ (12t − 2t2)dt
8
b 2 3
6 v = at + t +
2 8 2 2 2
= [6t2 − t3] = [6[8]2 − (8)3] − [6(6)2 −
3 6 3 7
2 Apabila t = 2 v=
(6) ] = –29
3 1 2
3 3 7 3
= 2a + 2b +
Jumlah jarak/Total distance = 36 + 1
29 2 2
3 a + b = 1
1
= 65 m v = 0, t = 3
dv 3 9b 3
(b) a = = (2 − t)2 0 = 3a + +
dt 2 2
dv = (2 − t)2 dt –3 = 6a + 9b
–1 = 2a + 3b = 2(1 – b) + 3b
∫ dv = ∫ (2 − t) 2
dt
–3 = b, a = 4
(2 – t) 3
3 3
v = +c ∴ 4t – t2 +
–3 2 2
Apabila/When t = 2, maka/hence 3 2 3
s = ∫ 4t – t + 2dt
2
c = 0, (ii)
1 2 2
(2 – t)3
v = 1 3 3 2
–3 = 32t – t + t4
2
2 2 1
Jarak/Distance 1 3
4 (2 – t)3 = 3(2(2) – 4 + 3) – 2 –
2
+ 24
s = ∫ dt 2 2
2 –3 = 4 m
(2 – t)4 4 4 (c) (i) v = 6t – kt2
=[ ] = m
3(4) 2 3 dv
a = = 6 – 2kt
12. (a) (i) a = 8 – 2t dt
v = 8t – t2 + c Apabila t = 2, a = 2
t = 0 v = 0 c = 0 2 = 6 – 2k(2)
v = 8t – t2 –4 = –4k
Apabila vmak, 8 – 2t = 0 k = 1
t = 4 v = 6t – t2
∴ v = 8(4) – 42 = 16 m s–1
dv
t3 (ii) = 6 – 2t = 0
(ii) s = 4t 2 – +c dt
3 t = 3
t = 0, s = 0 c = 0 Apabila t = 3
1 v = 6(3) – 32
s = 4t2 – t3
3 = 18 – 9 = 9
Untuk smak, 8t – t2 = 0 vmak = 9 m s–1
[8 – t] = 0
t3
t = 0 ; t = 8 (iii)
s = 3t2 – +c
1 3
Apabila t = 8, s = 4(8)2 – (8)3 t = 0; s = 0, c = 0
3
1 t3
= 85 m s = 3t2 –
3 3

J49
 Apabila kembali ke O 3 5
When return to 0.
(d) s = ∫ ( t2 – 8t)dt
0 2

t 5
s = 0 = t2 3 – 
3
= [ t3 – 4t2]
3 6 0
∴ t = 9 s = 13.5 m
(d) (i) s = 0 ; v = –10 2. (a) P Q
a = p – 3t2 O 13 m A
v = pt – t3 + c
t = 0 vP = 6t + 12 SQ = 2t3 – t
2

v = –10 dsQ
c = –10 = 6t2 – 1
dt
v = pt – t3 – 10
dsQ
pt2 1 4 Apabila t = 0 = –1
s = – t – 10t + c dt
2 4
p 1 ∴vQ = –1 m s–1
t = 1 s1 = – – 10 + c
2 4 1

4 (b) s1 = ∫ 6 (6t2 – 1)dt  vQ

t = 2 s2 = p – 4 – 20 + c 0
2 1

3 = (2t3 – t) 6
s2 – s1 = p – 3 13 = 1
4 0
2 4 4 2
1
= (
6 
t
3 – ) 0 1 3
p = 18 6 6 6

2
–2 2
= 
3 6  3 6
p = 12 = m
(ii) v = 12t – t3 – 10
3
a = 12 – 3t2 = 0 s2 = ∫ 1 (6t2 – 1)dt
t = 2 6
vmak = 12(2) – 23 – 10
= 3(2t3 – t)4 1
3
= 6 m s–1
6
2 1
= 51 – 3
64
Praktis SPM 8 –
6 6
Kertas 1 2
= 51 – 3–
1. (a) v = at2 – 8t 3 6 4
dv 2
a= = 2at – 8 = 51 +
dt 3 6
Apabila t = 4, a = 12 4
Jumlah jarak = 51 +
12 = 8a – 8 Total distance 3 6
5 = 51.54 m
a =
2 (c) s
p
= 2t 3
+ 12t + c
(b) Apabila t = 0 sp = –13
v
sp = 2t3 + 12t – 13
Apabila berselisah
sp = sQ
2t3 + 12t – 13 = 2t3 – t
8 16
t 13t = 13
0
5 5 t = 1
sp = 2 + 12 – 13 = 1 m
5 2 sQ = 2 – 1 = 1 m dari A
v= t – 8t
2
3. (a) Q P
5
v = t[ t – 8] B 0 6m A
2
8 16 Sp = 6 + 6t – 6t2
∴ <t<
5 5 Bila t = 0, Sp = 6 m
5 2 SQ = 4t2 – 6t – 10
(c) t – 8t = 0
2 Bila t = 0, SQ = –10 m
5 ∴ jarak AB = 10 + 6 = 16 m
t[ t – 8] = 0
2 (b) Sp = SQ
16 6 + 6t – 6t2 = 4t2 – 6t – 10
t = s
5 10t2 – 12t – 16 = 0

J50
 5t2 – 6t – 8 = 0 Sudut KBAT
(5t + 4)(t – 2) = 0 (a) v = 36t – 18t2
v
∴ t =2 Apabila berhenti
(c) vp = 6 – 12t v = 0 = 36t – 18t2
Jarak oleh P 6 0 = 18t[2 – t]
1 1 1 3 9 t=0;2
= (6)( ) + ( )(18) A B
2 2 2 2 0 1
t ∴t = 2 s ke B
3 27 30 2 dv
= + = = 15 m (b) a = = 36 – 36t
2 2 2 dt
4. (a) v = t3 – 5t2 + 4t Apabila t = 2, a = 36 – 72
dv = –36 m s–2
a= = 3t2 – 10t + 4
dt dv
Apabila t = 0, a = 4 m s–2 (c) vmak apabila = 0, t = 1
dt
(b) 3t2 – 10t + 4 < 12 v maks = 36(1) – 18(1)2 v
3t2 – 10t – 8 < 0 (8, 1
= 18 m s–1
(3t + 2)(t – 4) < 0
(d) SAB = ∫ (36t – 18t2)dt
2
0 ≤t<4 0
2
(c) v = 0 = t[t2 – 5t + 4] = [18t 2 – 6t3]
0
t[(t – 4)(t – 1) = 0 t
= 24 m 0 2
t = 0 t = 1; 4
∴ t = 1 atau 4 (e) Apabila s = 18t 2 – 6t3 = 0
6t 2[3 – t] = 0
(d) s = ∫ t3 – 5t2 + 4t dt + ∫ t3 – 5t2 + 4t dt
1 4

0 1
t = 0 ; 3
t4 5 t4 5 ∴ t = 3
=  – t3 + 2t24 +  – t3 + 2t24
1 4

4 3 0 4 3 1

1 5 256 320
= 1 – + 22 + 1 – + 322
4 3 4 3
7 1
12  4 
= + – 11 v

5
= 11 m
6
t
0 1 4

J51
Kertas PRA SPM (b) 32x + 3 + 6(3x) – 1 = 0
Kertas 1/Paper 1 27·32x + 6(3x) – 1 = 0
(9·3x – 1)(3·3x + 1) = 0
Bahagian A/Section A
1 1
1. (a) (i) 3x = 3x = – = –(3)–1
9 3
3x = 3–2 Tidak diterima
Merah / Red ➤ 1
x = –2 Rejected
Putih / White ➤ 4
4. (a) 2x – 3y + 1 = 0 ...➀
Hitam / Black ➤ 5
x – 2y = 1
x = 1 + 2y ...➁
(ii) Satu kepada satu 2[1 + 2y] – 3y + 1 = 0
One to one 2 + 4y – 3y + 1 = 0
(b) (i) k = 0 y = –3
8 13 x = 1 – 6 = –5
(ii)
f(1) = +b= ...➀
a 6 ∴Titik persilangan (–5, –3)
8 5 Intersection point
f(2) = + b = ...➁ Persamaan J3 (y + 3) = 2(x + 5)
2a 6
4 8 Equation J3 y = 2x + 7
➀ – ➁ = (b) y = 2x + 7
a 6
2a = 6 2 1
J2 : y = x + y
a = 3 3 3
13 8 3 1 1 A 7
b= – = – J1 : y = x –
6 3 6 2 2 1
AB : BC B
1 3
=– 1 1 1
2
8 1 1
7 − 3 2 :  3 – − 2 22 0
x

(iii) f(h) = – = 1
3h 2 6 20 5 C –
2
: =8:1
8 4 3 6
= 5. (a) 2, 1.5, ...
3h 6
h = 4 3
a=2,r=
2. (a) (i)
x2 + px + 3q = 0 4
a 2
α + 2α = –p S∞ = = =8m
1–r 3
3α = –p 1–
4
α(2α) = 3q
Tidak sampai tempat makanan.
–p 2
2  = 3q Not reach the food.
3 x y x2
2p2 = 27q (b) = y =
2 x 2
2p2 a=2
q = a+d=x⇒d=x–2
27
p 2 p2 x2
x2 + px + 3q = 1x + a + 11d = y 2 + 11(x – 2) =
22
(ii) – + 3q 2
4
x2
p 2 p2 2p2 2 + 11x – 22 =
= 1x + 2 – + 2
2 4 9
2(11x – 20) = x 2
p 2 p 2
= 1x + 2 – x 2 – 22x + 40 = 0
2 36
(x – 20)(x – 2) = 0
–p –p2
∴ Titik pusingan 1 ,
2 36 2
x = 20 ; 2
Turning point y = 200, 2
(b) x(x – 2) > x + 4 2, 20, 200, x = 2, y = 2
x2 – 2x – x – 4 > 0 ∴x = 20, y = 200 tidak diterima
x2 – 3x – 4 > 0 6. (a) α, α + 4
(x + 1)(x – 4) > 0 α + α + 4 = 2k + 4
Julat x /Range of x 2α + 4 = 2k + 4
∴x < –1, x > 4 α = k
3. (a) log2 8 + 2 log2 p = 5 α(α + 4) = 3k + 2
3 + log2p2 = 5 k(k + 4) = 3k + 2
log2p2 = 2 k2 + k – 2 = 0
p2 = 22 (k – 1)(k + 2) = 0
p = 2 k = 1 ; –2

J52
 10. (a) (i) ∫ f(x)dx
4
(b) Jika k = 1 x2 – 6x + 5 = 0
0
(x –1)(x – 5) = 0 = 6 + 4 = 10
Jika k = –2 x2 – 4 = 0
∫–2 f(x)dx
0
x = ±2 (ii)
→
7. (a) PQ = –2 i + j = –4
→ ~ ~
(iii) luas Q/ Area Q = 6 × 4 – 10
PR = 2 i + 5 j
→ ~ ~ = 14 unit2
PS = 4 i + 7 j d 2
y
(b) 2 = 1 – x2
~ ~
→ → → 2 2 4 dx
QR = QP + PR = + 2= 2 dy = x – 1 x3 + c
–1 5 4
→ → → 2 4 6 dx 3
QS = QP + PS =  2 +  2 =  2
–1 7 6 Apabila x = 1, dy = –1
→ → dx
QR = 4( i + j ) QS = 6( i + j )
~ ~ ~ ~ 1
6 → 1– + c = –1
= QR 3
4 2 –5
→ c = –1 – =
3 → 3 3
QS = QR
2 dy = x – 1 x3 – 5

Oleh sebab titik Q ialah titik sepunya dan dx 3 3
→ 3 → x2 1 4 5
QS = 2 QR . Q, R dan S adalah segaris. y= – x – x + c1
→ 3 → 2 12 3
Since point Q is a common point and QS = QR. Q, 1 1 5
R and S are collinear. 2 (1, 4); 4 = – – +c
2 12 3
(b) ~ vq = 5 i + 6 j ,
~ ~ 21
~ v r = a i + 3 j c1 =
~ ~ 4

6 3 x2 1 4 5 21
= ∴y= – x – x+
5 a 2 12 3 4
6a = 15
11. (a) n
p2 = 56
5
a = n!
2 = 56
8. (a) (i) y = 2x2 − 8 (n – 2)!
y 8 n(n – 1) = 56
=– 2 +2 n2 – n – 56 = 0
x2 x
y 1 (n – 8)(n + 7) = 0
Y = 2 , X = 2 , m = −8 , c = 2 n = 8
x x
(ii) k = −8(2) + 2 (b) (i) 9! = 362 880
= −14 7!
(ii) = 1 260
(b) y = axn 2!2!
log y = log a + n log x 12. (a) P[X = 1] + P[X = 2] + P[X = 3] +
n = 2 log a = 1.3 P[X = 4] + P[X = 5] = 1
a ≈ 20 1 2 3 4 5
+ + + + = 1
1 1 2k 2k 2k 2k 2k
9. (a) y = =
(x + 2)(x – 3) (x2 – x – 6) 15 15
dy = 1 k=
= –(x 2 – x – 6)–2(2x – 1) 2k 2
dx
1 – 2x (b)
= 2
(x – x – 6)2 x 1 2 3 4 5
dy
+ y2(2x – 1) 1 2 3 4 5
dx P(X = x) 15 15 15 15 15
1 – 2x (2x – 1)
= 2 +
(x – x – 6)2 (x + 2)2(x – 3)2
(c) P[2 < x ≤ 5]
0
= =0 1 4 1 12 4
(x + 2)2(x – 3)2 = + + = =
(b) V = 100 – 2t – t 2 5 15 3 15 5
(i) Apabila t = 0, V = 100 cm3
Bahagian B/Section B
dv
(ii) = –2 – 2t
dt 13. (a) sin B = sin 30°
dv 10 7
Apabila t = 4, = –2 –2(4)
dt
= –10 cm3 s–1 B = 134° 25’

J53
 (b) P Panjang lengkok BD = 90° + 11.33’ × 2p(1)
B Length of arc BD
360°
7 cm = 1.77 cm
7 cm CB = 2.52 – 0.52 = 2.45 cm
30°
A C Perimeter = 2.05 + 1.77 + 2.45
10 cm
= 6.27 cm
(b) luas berlorek = luas trapezium OABC – sektor
(c) ∠APC = 45°35’ ; ∠PAC = 104°25’ ODC – sektor ADB
PC2 = 72 + 102 – 2(7)(10) kos/ cos 104°25’ Shaded area = area of trapezium OABC – sector ODC
PC = 13.56 cm – sector ADB
(d) Luas/ Area ABC
= 1 [1 + 1.5]2.45 – 78°27’ × p(1.5)2 –
1 2 360°
= (10)(7) sin(150° – 134°35’)
2 101°33’
× p(1)2
= 9.4 cm2 360°
14. (a) tan A = 3 = 0.64 cm2
tan(A + B) = tan A + tan B = 1
1 – tan A tan B Kertas 2/Paper 2
3 + tan B = 1 – 3 tan B Bahagian A/Section A
(1 + 3 )tan B = 1 – 3 1. x + 2y – z = 4 ...➀
(1 – 3)(1 – 3) 2x + y + z = –2 ...➁
tan B = ➀ + ➁ 3x + 3y = 2 ...➃
(1 + 3)(1 – 3)
x + 2y + z = 2 ...➂
1–2 3+3 ➀ + ➂ 2x + 4y = 6
= = 3–2
1–3 x + 2y = 3 ...➄
(i) y = a sin bx + c 3[3 – 2y] + 3y = 2
a = 3 , b = 1 , c = −1 9 – 6y + 3y = 2
2 7 = 3y
(ii) y

3
y = 7
3
2 x = 3 – 2 7 2
3
1 –5
=
x 3
0   2
–1 2 –5 + 14 – 4 = z
3 3
x(a sin bx + c) = π z = –1
2. (a) & (b)
a sin bx + c = π
x
f (x)
y = π
x (–1, 5) 5
Apabila/When x = π, y = 1 4
f(x) = 3 – 2x
(–3, 3)
Apabila/When x = π , y = 2 3
2 2 f –1(x)
2 penyelesaian/ solutions 1
x
15. (a) Kos/ cos θ = 0.5 –3 –2 –1
–1
01 2 3 4 5
2.5 (5,–1)
–2
θ = 78°27’ –3 (3,–3)
Panjang lengkok CD = 78°27’ × 2p(1.5)
Length of arc CD
360° (c) Domain bagi f −1(x)
= 2.05 cm Domain for f −1(x)
−3 ≤ x ≤ 5
3. (a) y = x2 + (1 – p)x + 2p
(1 – p)2 1–p 2
+ 2p – x + 
2 2
y=
4
O D
(1 – p)2
0.5 cm  2.5 cm 2p – =6
A 4
1.5 cm 1 cm
8p – (1 – 2p + p2) = 24
P Q p2 – 10p + 25 = 0
C B (p – 5)(p – 5) = 0
p = 5

J54
 (b) (i) L(x) = 2x(4 – x) → → →
6. (a) AB = AD + DB
= 8x – 2x2
= i + 2 j + 2 i – j
dL(x) ~ ~ ~ ~
(ii) = 8 – 4x = 0 = 3 i + j
dx ~ ~
x = 2 → → →
AC = AD + DC
Apabila x = 2 L(2) = 8(2) – 2(2)2 = i + 2 j + 8 i + j
= 16 – 8 ~ ~ ~ ~
= 9i + 3j
= 8 cm2 ~ ~
A x E B → →
(b) AC = 3 AB
2x
A, B dan C segaris
4 A, B and C collinear
F G AB : BC = 2 : 1
(c)
D 4 C D

4. (a) (i) y = x + 4 h
y = 4 + 3x – x2 A C
2 B 1
x + 4 = 4 + 3x – x2
x – 2x = 0
2

x(x – 2) = 0 ∆ADC = 1 ACh = 24

2
x = 0 ; 2 2
A(0, 4) B(2, 6) ∴∆ADB = × 24 = 16 unit2
3
(ii) Luas/Area = ∫ (4 + 3x – x 2)dx – 1 [4 + 6]2
2

0 2 7. (a) y = a x + b
x
= 4x + x – 3 x 3 2

3 0
2
– 10 y x = ax + b
2
1 (b)
1
= 11 – 10 = 1 unit2 x 1 2 3 4 5
3 3
(b) Isipadu = ∫ y2dx
1

0
y x 5.9 7.9 10.0 12 13.9
Volume
= ∫ (4 + 3x – x 2)2 dx
1

0
y
= ∫ (16 + 24x + x 2 – 6x 3 + x 4)dx
1

0
14
= 16x + 12x 2 + 1 x 3 – 3 x 4 + 1 x 54
1

3 2 5 0
1 12
= 27 unit 3
30
31 10
∴ isipadu sebenar = 13 unit3
60
8
5. (a) (i) p = 0.01, n = 1000
m = np = 1000(0.01)
6
= 10
σ = npq = 1000(0.01)(0.99)
4
= 3.15
(ii) P[x ≥ 1] = 1 – P[X = 0] 2
= 1 – 5C0(0.01)0(0.99)5
= 0.049 x
0
(b) (i) m = 200, σ = 40 1 2 3 4 5

P[ 150 ≤ z ≤ 180] (c) (i) b = 4

150 – 200 180 – 200
= P <z< 4 a =
14 – 4
=2
40 40 5
5 1
= P– <z<– 4 (ii) Apabila/When x = 2.5
4 2 y x = 9
= 0.2029 9
(ii) P[X > 230] = P[Z > 230 – 200 ] y = = 5.69
40 2.5
= P[Z > ]3
4 Bahagian B/Section B
= 0.2266
8. (a) 7 tan x = 4 tan (45° – x)
Bilangan pekerja = 8
0.2266 4[1 – tan x]
Number of wokers =
1 + tan x
 35

J55
 7 tan x + 7 tan2 x = 4 – 4 tan x (b) PAQ = 90°
7 tan2x + 11 tan x – 4 = 0 y–5 y+2
mPA = , mQA =
x+1 x–3
–11 ± 112 – 4(7)(–4) y
tan x = y–5 y+2
14 16°56′ ( )( ) = –1
x+1 x–3
–11 + 233 x y2 – 3y – 10 = –(x2 – 2x – 3)
tan x =
14 16°56′ y2 + x2 – 2x – 3y – 13 = 0
x = 16° 56’, 196°56’ Jika/If x = 5
y y 2 + 25 – 10 – 3y – 13 = 0
–11 – 233
tan x = y2 – 3y + 2 = 0
14 61°56′
x
(y – 1)(y – 2) = 0
x = 118°4’, 298°4’ 61°56′ y = 1 ; 2
(b) (5, 1) ialah R
y
y = 1 + kos x
10. (a) (i) S2n = S3n – S2n
2 2S2n = S3n

2n 3n
1 y = kos x 2[ (2a + (2n – 1)d] = [2a + (3n – 1)d]
2 2
y = 0.5 a = 12, d = 3
x 4n(24 + 6n – 3) = 3n[24 + 9n – 3]
0  2
84 + 24n = 63 + 27n
–1 y = sin 2x 21 = 3n
n = 7
(ii) Tn = a + (n – 1)d = 48
(i) 4 penyelesaian/solutions 12 + 3(n – 1) = 48
(ii) 4 penyelesaian/solutions
36
(iii) sin 2x = 1 + kos/ cos x (n – 1) = = 12
3
2 penyelesaian/solutions n = 13
9. (a) (i) 5x = 2 – y (b) ar – a = 20
y = –5x + 2 ar3 – ar = 15
Titik tengah PR = (2, 3) a(r – 1) = 20 ...➀
∴Persamaan QS / Equation QS ar(r2 – 1) = 15 ...➁
y – 3 = –5(x – 2) ➁ ÷ ➀
y = –5x + 13 ...➀ 15
r(r + 1) =
5–1 4 2 20
(ii) mPR = = =
–1 – 5 –6 –3 4r2 + 4r = 3
Persamaan QR,/ Equation QS, 4r2 + 4r – 3 = 0
3 (2r + 3)(2r – 1) = 0
y – 1 = (x – 5)
2 3 1
r = – ;
3 15 2 2
y = x – +1
2 2 3 1
∴a[– –1] = 20 atau a( – 1) = 20
3 13 2 2
y = x – ...➁
2 2 a = –8 a = –40
3 13 11. (a) COB
(iii) (a) ➀ = ➁ –5x + 13 = x – π
2 2 = 2π – 0.8π –
3
–10x + 26 = 3x – 13 13π
39 = 13x = = 156°
15
x = 3 BC = 82 + 82 – 2(8)(8) kos 156°
2

y = –2 BC = 15.65 cm
∴Q(3, –2) 6 π
(b) Perimeter = π(8) + (8) + 8 + (8)
3+x –2 + y 5 3
= 2 = 3
2 2 = 54.54 cm
x = 1 y = 8 1 13π 1 π
(c) Luas = (8)2 2 – (8)2 2
S = (1, 8) 2 15 2 3
Area B
13π π

1

–1 3 5 1 –1
(b) luas = = 323 – 4
2 5 –2 1 8 5 15 3
area 0.8
256π π A
1 = = 17 cm2
= |2 + 3 + 40 + 5 – 15 + 10 –1 + 8| 15 15 60° O
2
1
= |52| = 26 unit2
2 C

J56
Bahagian C/Section C P20
12. (a) v = 2(3t 2 – 2t – 1) 14. (a) × 100 = n
P18
dv
= a = 12t – 4 24
dt × 100 = n = 120
20
Apabila/When t = 0 a = –4 m s–2
3(120) + 4(125) + 130 m + 110
dv 1 (b) = 125
(b) Apabila/When = 0 t = (8 + m)
dt 3
1 2 1 970 + 130 m = 1000 + 125 m
∴v = 2[31  – 21  – 1] 5 m = 30
3 3
2 m = 6
= –2 m s –1
3 110
(c) × 120 = 132
(c) v = 0 3t 2 – 2t – 1 = 0 100
(3t + 1)(t – 1) = 0 110
× 130 = 143
t = 1 100
(d) jumlah jarak/total distance 132 × 3 + 125 × 4 + 143 × 6 + 110
I =
14
= ∫ 0(6t2 – 4t – 2)dt + ∫ 1(6t 2 – 4t – 2)dt
1 2
= 133.14
P
= (2t3 – 2t 2 – 2t] 0 + 32t3 – 2t2 – 2t4 1
1 2
(d) 21 × 100 = 143
P18
= |–2| + 6 = 8 m 650 × 100
P18 = = RM454.55
13. (a) 25x + 50y ≤ 50 000 143
x + 2y ≤ 2 000 ... ➀ 15. (a) AM2 = 52 + 42
150x + 50y ≤ 75 000 AM = 6.4 cm
6x + 2y ≤ 3 000 ... ➁ (b) AR2 = 62 + PR2
3x + y ≤ 1 500 = 36 + 102 + 82
y = 2x AR = 14.14 cm
(b) (c) MR2 = 42 + 62 + 52
y MR = 8.77 cm
6.42 = 77 + 200 – 2 77 × 200 kos ARM
y = 2x
2000 77 + 200 – 41
kos ARM =
cos ARM 2 77 × 200
3x + y = 1500
ARM = 18°2’
(d) MP2 = 36 + 41
1000 (200, 900)
MP = 77 = 8.77
PR = 100 + 64 = 12.81
(300, 600)
R x+ 12.81 + 8.77 + 8.77
2y
=2 S =
00 2
0
= 15.17
x
0 1000 2000 ∆PMR =
15.17(15.17 − 8.77)2(15.17 − 12.81)
(c) (i) Gred/ Grade A = 300 , Gred/ Grade B = 600 = 38.29 cm2
(ii) p = 4x + 2y D C
2y = −4x + p
p 8 cm M
y = −2x +
2 A B S 
p = 4(200) + 2(900) 5 cm R

= 800 + 1 800 6 cm
= RM2 600
P 10 cm Q

J57