1. How would you explain this saying “Ignorance of the Law excuses no one”?

ESSENTIALLY, THIS SAYING MEANS THAT IF SOMEONE BREAKS THE LAW, HE OR SHE IS STILL
LIABLE EVEN IF THEY HAD NO KNOWLEDGE OF THE LAW BEING BROKEN. THAT IT IS A LEGAL
PRINCIPLE HOLDING THAT A PERSON WHO IS UNAWARE OF A LAW MAY NOT ESCAPE OF
HIS/HER OBLIGATION FOR VIOLATING THAT LAW JUST BY BEING UNAWARE OF ITS CONTENT.
2. Why are you not justified in doing wrong because of passions?
Hindi siya na justified dahil nga ang pag-gawa ng mali ay na sa tao na mismo, alam niya ang tama
sa mali decision niya yun, hindi involved ang passion mo dun. Pero may instance na yung pag-
gawa ng mali talaga ay minsan na gagawa niya because of circumtances like lulong sa droga or
may nag force sayo na gumawa ng masama pero hindi siya tinatawag talaga na passion dahil ang
passion ay kinaugalihan muna, iba siya sa pag-gawa ng mali at kailanman ay hindi yun magiging
makatuwiran talaga.
THIS WILL NEVER BE JUSTIFIED BECAUSE DOING WRONG IS A CHOICE AND DECISION OF A
PERSON HE/SHE KNOWS WHAT IS RIGHT AND WRONG, PASSION WILL NEVER BE INVOLVED OF
WRONG DOING. BUT YES, THERE ARE SOME INSTANCES THAT WE ARE DOING WRONGS
BECAUSE OF CIRCUMSTANCES LIKE WE’VE BEEN FORCE BY SOMEONE TO DO WRONGS OR
BEING ADDICTED TO DRUGS, THEREFOR WE COMMIT WRONGS. YET, IT WILL NEVER BE CALLED
PASSION SINCE PASSION IS CUSTOMARY IT’S DIFFERENT OF WRONG DOINGS. INDEED, THAT I
KNOW IT WILL EVER NOT BE JUSTIFIED THAT WRONG DOING IS BECAUSE OF PASSIONS.
3. What actions may be justified because of violence?
THE ACTION MAY BE JUSTIFIED DEFEND ON CIRCUMSTANCES, IF SOMEONE ATTACKS YOU FOR
NO GOOD REASON, THEY MAKE THEMSELVES YOUR ENEMY AND, IN SOME CIRCUMSTANCES,
YOU MAY THEN BE ENTIRELY JUSTIFIED IN FIGHTING BACK NOT JUST TO DEFEND YOURSELF BUT
TO INFLICT SERIOUS HARM ON THEM. THIS SORT OF APPROACH MIGHT LOOK AT SELF-DEFENSE
JUSTIFICATIONS OF VIOLENCE AND WHETHER SUCH JUSTIFICATIONS CAN BE EXTENDED INTO
JUST WAR OR IT MIGHT LOOK AT VIOLENCE AS A TOOL FOR TERROR, JUSTIFIED PERHAPS IN
ACHIEVING INNOVATIVE ENDS IF THE STATE IS UNREASONABLY CRUEL OR VIOLENT ITSELF. THE
ISSUE WITH THIS SORT OF APPROACH IS WHETHER THE ENDS JUSTIFY THE MEANS.
4. Why are actions done out of fear accountable actions?
ABSOLUTELY YES, YOUR ACTIONS DONE OUT OF FEAR IS ACCOUNTABLE ACTION EVEN THOUGH
YOU DID WHAT YOU DID OUT OF FEAR, YOU STILL DID IT, AND THEREFORE YOU ARE
ACCOUNTABLE FOR IT. WE ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR OUR ACTIONS BECAUSE WE DECIDE HOW
OUR DECISION AFFECTS US EVEN OUR ACTION DONE OUT OF FEAR, WE MUST THINK FIRST
BECAUSE IF WE LET OUR FEAR CONQUER US IT MAY EVEN RESULT NEGATIVELY.
5. Why are we accountable for actions done out of habits?

WE ARE ACCOUNTABLE FOR ACTIONS DONE OUT OF HABITS BECAUSE SOMETHING'S A HABIT
DOESN'T MEAN THAT YOU AREN'T ACCOUNTABLE FOR IT, YOU HAVE THE CHOICE OVER ALL OF
YOUR ACTIONS. A HABIT MAY BE A LITTLE HARDER TO BREAK, BUT YOU HAVE THE ABILITY TO
CHOOSE NOT TO DO IT. WHEN YOU KNOW RIGHT FROM WRONG, YOU HAVE FREE WILL TO
CHOOSE. THIS HOLDS YOU ACCOUNTABLE EVEN YOUR ACTIONS DONE OUT OF HABITS.
WHETHER WE DO SOMETHING OUT OF HABIT OR BY DIRECT DELIBERATE CHOICE, AND IN SOME
CASES, WHETHER WE ARE EVEN CONSCIOUS OF DOING SOMETHING, WE ARE OFTEN CALLED
UPON TO EXPLAIN WHY WE DID WHAT WE DID, AND TO ANSWER FOR AND TAKE
RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE CONSEQUENCES OF WHAT WE DO. THEREFOR, IN SOME ACTIONS WE
DONE OUT OF HABITS WE ARE ACCOUNTABLE FOR IT.