INNOVATIVE MATERIALS

A Seminar Report Submitted in partial fulfilment requirement for the

award of the degree of
BATCHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
By
INDUKURI VENKATA RAJU
(18221A0119)

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

BONAM VENKATA CHALAMAYYA ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Accredited by NAAC, Permanently Affiliated
to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada)
ODALAREVU – 533210
2018 - 2022
BONAM VENKATA CHALAMAYYA ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Accredited by NACC with “A” Grade ,

Accredited by NBA , Permanently Affiliated to JNT University ,Kakinada)

ODALAREVU – 533210, Amalapuram, E.G.Dt., AP

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

This is to certify that the project work entitled “SOIL CEMENT IN

CONSTRUCTION”
Is being submitted for the partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award
of the degree of Batchelor of Technology in Civil Engineering at B V C
Engineering College, Odalarevu, is a bonafide work done by INAKOTI
YUVARAJ (18221A0117), under the guidance during the academic year 2018-
2022 and it has been found suitable for acceptance according to the
requirement of university. The results embodied in this thesis have not been
submitted to any other university or institute for the award of degree
 BONAM VENKATA CHALAMAYYA ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Accredited by NACC with “A” Grade , Accredited
by NBA , Permanently Affiliated to JNTU Kakinada)

ODALAREVU – 533210, AMALAPURAM, EG.Dt.,AP

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

The project work entitled “INNOVATIVE MATERIALS” has been

examined and evaluated by following board of examiner on_
September-2021
 TABLE CONTENT
CHAPTER 1
1.1 Introduction

1.2 Brief history of innovative materials

1.3 Significance

CHAPTER 2
2.1 Translucent concrete

2.2 Sensi tile

2.3 Radiant barriers

2.4 Solar panel roofing tiles

CHAPTER 3
3.1 ULTRA TOUCH JEANS INSULENT

3.2 ELECRIFIED WOOD

3.3 FLEXICOMB

3.4 KINETIC GLASS

CHAPTER 4
4.1 UNFIRED CLAY BRICKS

4.2 RICHLITE

4.3 CARBON FIBER

4.4 SELF REPARING CEMENT

CHAPTER 5
5.1 REFERENCES
 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Innovative Building Materials
1. 1. DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINERING THIAGARAJAR POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
SALem- 636005. INNOVATIVE BUILDING MATERIALS PRESENTED BY: S.SHIVA
SHANMUGAM P.SATHISH KUMAR
2. 2. CONTENTS • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • INTRODUCTION TRANSLUCENT CONCRETE
SENSI TILE RADIANT BARRIERS SOLAR PANEL ROOFING TILES ULTRA TOUCH
JEANS INSULENT ELECRIFIED WOOD FLEXICOMB KINETIC GLASS UNFIRED
CLAY BRICKS RICHLITE CARBON FIBER SELF REPARING CEMENT LIQUID
GARNITE BENDABEL CONCRETE CONCLUSION
3. 3. Introduction Nowadays many new emerging innovative materials are being invented
and many new materials are being in research . New innovative thinking and new
invention is necessary to save our valuable time and energy. Some of the innovative
materials are included below.
4. 4. Translucent Concrete Translucent concrete is a concrete based building material
with light transmissive properties due to embedded light optical elements. It is usually
made of Optical fiber. According to the concretes manufacturers, the optical fibers
make up only 4 percent of the mixture. The light transmitting property makes them
appear fresh, open and spacious.
5. 5. SENSI TILE o If you walk across your kitchen floor to get something from the
refrigerator, the floor twinkles with lighted path that guides your way through the dark
room. o The concrete of the tiles is embedded with acrylic fiber-optic channels that
transfer light from one point to another. o As shadows move across Terrazzo's surface,
the light channels flicker with a randomized.
6. 6. Radiant Barriers • Can be applied anywhere in attic space of house • Keeps heat out in
summer, warmth in during winter • Usually made of aluminum
7. 7. Solar Panel Roofing Tiles • Transform the sun’s energy into useable electricity to
power your home! • Receive rebates from the government for installing them!
8. 8. Ultra Touch Jeans Insulation Jean is recycled through some process and it can be
used for roofing like this It is light weight and this method reduces landfill waste.
9. 9. ELECTRIFIED WOOD: • This European-designed material incorporates a source of
electricity directly into tables and chairs. • If Two metal layers are pressed between the
wood of the furniture, making it possible to pass an electrical current through the whole
thing. • The 12-volt power is fed to the metal layers via one connector, and lamps, and
other devices can be connected via the other.
10. 10. FLEXICOMB: • The Flexicomb's name describes it quite well. Designed by PadLab's
Dan Gottleib while he was still an undergraduate at the Yale School of Architecture, the
Flexicomb is a flexible honeycomb matrix, which can be used to build lighting fixtures,
furniture and sculptural installations.
11. 11. KINETIC GLASS (Living Glass) • It is made of a cast silicone that has been slit and
embedded. • The surface is embedded with wires that contract due to electrical stimulus .
This contraction causes the slits or gills to open. • The Living glass uses these
microprocessors rather than motors to collect information about the environment • The
gills would open to allow airflow when needed thus maintaining a healthy air status
quality
12. 12. UNFIRED CLAY BRICKS: • Unfired bricks are created using earth materials and are
airdried instead of fired like conventional bricks. • It is Eco-friendly and with additional
 construction properties . • This has the benefit of reducing the energy used in
manufacturing and increases strength and decreases shrinkage.
13. 13. RICHLITE • It is a dense material made from partially recycled paper and phenolic
resin. • 70 percent of the material is made with recycled paper. • It has a very high
strength and has resistance to High temperature up to 350 F .
14. 14. Carbon Fiber • Carbon fiber is made up of carbon strands that are thinner than
human hair. The strands can be woven together, like cloth, and then that can be molded
to any shape you might want. • Carbon fiber is an extremely strong, lightweight material. •
It's five times as strong as steel, two times as stiff, yet weighs about two-thirds less.
15. 15. SELF REPARING CEMENT • A new self-healing cement is currently being developed
which has the ability to repair its own cracks. • This cement is mixed with microcapsules
that release a glue-like epoxy resin that will automatically repair any cracks that form in
the sidewalk or roadway. • In addition this cement will have the ability to regulate heat.
16. 16. LIQUID GRANITE • The material is a lightweight and has the same load bearing
capacity of cement, but is made of recycled materials. • Liquid Granite is not only
fireresistant beyond 1,100 degrees Celsius , It can also withstand high temperatures for
longer periods . • It has Moisture resisting properties.
17. 17. BENDABLE CONCRETE • A new type of fiber-reinforced bendable concrete • This
new concrete is around 500 times more resistant to cracking than regular. • The fibers
slide within the concrete when bending occurs, providing it with enough give to prevent
breakage.
18. 18. Conclusion These new emerging building materials should be replaced with the old
ones to improve and helps in Recycling of the materials and save energy and make our
country pollution free. If These materials these materials are used in construction we can
save time , money and energy . So more new innovative materials should be created and
make construction of the building simpler with more strength.

BRIEF HISTORY OF INNOVATIVE

MATERIALS
The UK has a long tradition of materials innovation, from the Bessemer steel process in the mid-19th
century through to the Nobel Prize-winning developments in graphene at the University of
Manchester. The minerals and mining industries were fundamental to the first Industrial Revolution
in the UK. The UK industry that is involved today in products, processes, fabrication and recycling of
materials is worth around £197 billion a year. Materials research and development is at the heart of
much of current public and privately financed work at universities and in companies, and the
Technology Strategy Board has identified energy and sustainability as the main drivers for current
materials development. ‘Advanced materials’ is one of four ‘enabling technologies’ – the others are
biosciences; electronics, sensors and photonics;

and information and communication technologies – that are seen as having a key role in
helping UK businesses to develop high-value products and services across all economic sectors and
to generate significant growth for the economy. The Royal Academy of Engineering supports, along
with partners in business and industry, several research programmes involved in materials
development. Materials have also formed part of submissions for both the Queen Elizabeth Prize
and the Annual MacRobert Award for engineering innovation. Worldwide, materials are seen as a
priority for innovation but also as a source of competition and advantage – and some concern.
Research by Yale University into 62 metallic or metalloid elements that have current uses, often in
commonplace but technically advanced devices such as smartphones that did not exist a generation
ago, found that none of the 62 could be readily substituted across the range of their applications by
other materials. So-called ‘strategic materials’ include those that are currently believed to be in
short or constrained supply; these are the subject of political and diplomatic manoeuvring and can
create international tensions as countries seek to safeguard supplies

SIGNIFICANCE
• Highlight the theme and concept of design of the building project

• Determine the appropriate site for a project based on availability of material and suitability to the
design

• Determine the budget of building projects

• Establish a relationship between quantity and quality Structural Importance Building material
signifies structural existence.

It demonstrates the presence of aesthetic sense in a design, and hence, defines the practicability of
the structure. The use of building material(s)while designing a structure is symbolic of its existence in
the field of architectural visualization. It helps establish a relationship between the visual quality and
structural stability in architecture. The building material selected by an architect
 CHAPTER 2
2.1 TRANSLUCENT CONCRETE
Translucent concrete is a light transmitting concrete based building material. It works
on the property of Nano-Optics. Its light transmitting is mainly due to uniform
distribution of high numerical aperture Plastic Optic Fibres (POF) and hence it is also
known as LiTraCon.It is produced by adding about 4% to 5% of optical fibres by volume
in concrete mix. It was first mentioned in a Canadian Patent in the year 1935. As
polymer based optical fibres and optical glass fibres were developed, it led to the
increased rate of invention in this field.

2.2 SENSI TILE

SENSI means rediscovering the seductive beauty of timeless
materials and using them in very diverse architectural
contexts. The fact that the collection comes in the two
surfaces LUX+ and SABLE sets it apart from traditional
marble-effect cliches and allows for freedom of
experimentation. As part of a design approach that includes
the latest products in the ABK catalogue, it is ideal for a wide
array of solutions with an utterly contemporary design.
2.3 RADIANT BARRIERS
Radiant Barriers are a reflective foil insulation that reduces heat transfer into
attics. This helps improve energy efficiency of the home.
But there are actually many cons to radiant barriers that are not discussed.
So this begs the question, are radiant barriers truly worth it?
A radiant barrier is typically stapled to the bottom truss chords against the
deck sheathing. For a picture of this in action, you can check out the product
listing on Amazon.
However, radiant barriers can also be installed in other ways, such as having it
infused with your roof decking or underneath tiles. This is typically done when
you purchase a new roof or when the house is being built.
In essence, the foil barrier reduces convection into the attic from roofing
materials that are heated by the sun. If the radiant barrier was not there, the sun
would heat the roofing materials and the heat transfer would occur into the air
of the attic.
Ultimately, a hotter attic means more work that your attic insulation and
ductwork needs to put in. Therefore, if you have a cooler attic your
ductwork/home can become more efficient.
2.4 SOLAR PANEL ROOFING TILES
Solar Roof Tiles are Built Integrated Photovoltaic Solutions provided by ANU. The
Solar Roof Tile generates power and also doubles up as a roof. The Solar Roof Tile is
an Architects delight and customers pride. ANU which has been at the forefront of
cutting edge technology and innovation in Solar for over 3 decades has introduced
India’s first Solar Roof Tile solution in 2016. Solar Roof Tile designed by ANU is for
single groove designed Mangalore Tiles and can be used for all types of Solar Power
Applications. We have also kept the rates at par with conventional panel along with
mounting structure so that there is not much of an incremental cost to switch over to
Solar Roof Tile. Eco-conscious home and building owners might find Solar Roof tile
especially attractive when they are re-laying the tiles anyway since the solar roof tiles
also double as functional, protective and weatherproof roof tile in their own right.
Also it allows for light to pass through it to give a very vibrant feel inside the home.
 CHAPTER 3
3.1 ULTRA TOUCH JEANS INSULENT
UltraTouch™ Denim Insulation is the successful combination of 35 years of insulation experience and a
revolutionary patented manufacturing process that has created a superior and safe product.
UltraTouch is made from high-quality natural fibers. These fibers contain inherent qualities that provide for
extremely effective sound absorption and maximum thermal performance. UltraTouch has No Fiberglass
Itch and is easy to handle and work with. UltraTouch contains no chemical irritants and requires no warning
labels compared to other traditional products. There are no VOC concerns when using UltraTouch, as it is safe
for you and the environment.
UltraTouch is also a Class-A Building Product and meets the highest ASTM testing standards for fire and smoke
ratings, fungi resistance and corrosiveness. UltraTouch™ Denim Insulation contains 80% post-consumer
recycled natural fibers making it an ideal choice for anyone looking to use a high quality sustainable building
material.
UltraTouch makes installation user-friendly. The inclusion of perforated batts allows for quick and easy off-size
cavity installation. Simply measure, tear, fit and you’re done!

3.2 ELECRIFIED WOOD

Electric Wood Cutter is safe and easy to operate and need minimal maintenance. Offered range
is used for cutting any type of wood, trees and branches. This product is manufactured by using
the robust quality raw material and exclusive modern technology.

3.3 FLEXICOMB

This material name Flexicomb’s describes itself quite well. The material designed by 
PadLab’s Dan Gottlieb while he was still an undergraduate at the  Yale School of
Architecture. This material is made up of a flexible honeycomb matrix, which can be used to
build lighting fixtures, furniture, and sculptural installations. The Flexicomb material is made
from thousands of closely packed polypropylene tube that will bend in the convex direction
while remaining rigid in the concave one. Flexicomb can be used for almost any imaginable
purpose.

3.4 KINETIC GLASS

 Kinetic Lite Lite is a frameless sliding glass door for projects where acoustic
performance is not a design priority. It consists of a 10mm heat soaked
toughened glass leaf acting on carriages within a robust head track, thus
providing seamless integration with Optima 117 Plus. View our Gallery to see
examples of Kinetic Lite.


 CHAPTER 4
4.1 UNFIRED CLAY BRICKS
Unfired clay bricks offer a cost-effective form form of construction of very low
environmental impact. Dr Andew Heath of the University of Bath provides an overview of
the technology and application.

Introduction

Also known as earth masonry, unfired clay brickwork is constructed using earth materials
(possibly with some additives). Earth masonry is not “fired” like conventional bricks, but the
masonry units are air dried after manufacture to reduce shrinkage and improve strength. In
some traditional forms of earth construction (e.g. cob or rammed earth), monolithic (solid)
walls are constructed, but unfired clay bricks are similar to other masonry systems where
there the units (“bricks”) are bonded together with mortar and possibly covered with a
finishing system (paint or render).

Traditional forms of unfired clay bricks (cob blocks, adobe and mudbricks) are generally
made by hand and as a result, have variable dimensions and other properties. Traditional
earth masonry has thick walls (often over 300mm thick) as the mortar provides low bond
strength and the thick walls have sufficient mass to keep themselves stable against lateral
loads in dwellings.

Because of the environmental and financial cost of using materials in construction, it is

preferable to reduce the wall thickness to approximately 100mm for internal partitions (the
standard thickness for fired clay bricks and concrete blockwork). Thinner walls also reduce
the structural loading and increase available space inside buildings.

Modern unfired clay brickwork uses units manufactured to accurate tolerances using a
commercial extrusion or pressing system to provide a consistent, high quality product. This
enables rapid, cost effective, 100mm thick walls with low environmental impact to be
constructed. In most cases, modern unfired clay bricks are produced in commercial fired
brick manufacturing plants using similar materials to fired bricks, but without putting the
bricks through the firing process. This significantly reduces the energy used in manufacture
and previous research has indicated unfired bricks have 14% of the embodied energy of fired
bricks and 25% of the embodied energy of concrete blocks. In Germany, some fired brick
plants have moved to making only modern earth masonry and associated products.

Control of internal environment

Unfired clay brickwork has been shown to provide passive environmental control in buildings
through buffering of the temperature in the building (through the provision of thermal mass),
and through buffering relative humidity by absorbing moisture from the air at high humidity,
and releasing it at low humidity. Buffering of temperature and humidity will normally reduce
the energy required to operate buildings. To enable buffering of relative humidity, a specialist
vapour-permeable render and paint are required. Gypsum plasterboard and non-permeable
paints should not be used with unfired brickwork as they could lead to premature failure
through build-up of water in the masonry.

The amount of moisture that will be absorbed by the walls in a 4 x 4 x2.4m high room with a
100mm wall thickness is illustrated in the figure below. As shown, the unfired brickwork can
absorb significantly more moisture from the air than either concrete blockwork or fired brick
masonry.

Strength of unfired clay brickwork

The compressive strength of unfired clay brickwork is much more complicated than for blockwork
or fired clay bricks and no single strength value can be assigned. The strength of unfired
brickwork is dependent on the material properties, the dimensions of the wall and the water
content. The material property that influences the masonry strength more than any other is the
clay content in the masonry units.

As the water content in the masonry units is increased, the strength decreases and it is therefore
important to keep the masonry dry once constructed through appropriate detailing, such as
provision of a fired masonry or blockwork plinth to prevent accidental wetting from spills. Further
information on detailing is available in the books listed at the end of this factsheet. The water
content will normally be highest during construction (from application of wet mortar and render),
and will then stabilise to a lower level (stronger masonry) during use.

After construction and in the absence of any accidental wetting (through appropriate detailing),
the water content will be controlled by the relative humidity in the air, resulting in the relationship
in the figure below. It is worth noting that the humidity must be maintained at the level for a
considerable period of time (a number of weeks) before the water content will stabilise
throughout the masonry. Boiling a kettle or having a shower will have negligible effect on the
strength of the masonry.
4.2 RICHLITE
Richlite is water-resistant, sanitary, has low moisture absorption, heat and fire resistant,
extraordinarily dense and durable, and has a natural appeal due to its paper construction. High
impact resistance, deflective and flexural strength and structural capabilities make Richlite an
extremely durable material.

4.3 CARBON FIBER

Carbon, Graphite, and Diamond Materials
 (192 companies)

Carbon, graphite and diamond materials include vitreous, amorphous, or glassy carbon; hexagonal and

pyrolytic graphite (PG); and naturally-occurring and synthetic diamonds, diamond-
like carbon (DLC) materials, and diamond-like coatings. Search by Specification | Learn More about Carbon,
Graphite, and Diamond Materials

Activated Carbon
 (96 companies)

Activated carbon is used to remove pollutants from air or water streams, both in the field and in industrial
processes such as spill cleanup, groundwater remediation, drinking water filtration, air purification, and the
capture of VOCs. Search by Specification | Learn More about Activated Carbon
Activated Carbon - Industry Use: Other
 (1 product)

1 product matches your search.

Activated Carbon - Filtration Product: Water

 (1 product)

1 product matches your search.

Carbon Steels and Alloy Steels

 (993 companies)

Carbon steels are steels in which the main alloying additive is carbon. Alloy steels are steels alloyed with other
metals or materials in addition to carbon to improve properties. Search by Specification | Learn
More about Carbon Steels and Alloy Steels

Composites and Composite Materials

 (254 companies)

Composites and composite materials typically consist of a matrix and a dispersed, fibrous or continuous second
phase. The second phase may reinforce the material, alter electrical or magnetic properties, or enhance wear or
erosion resistance. Learn More about Composites and Composite Materials

Marking Materials
 (137 companies)

Marking materials include inks, coatings, laser marking materials, tapes, and other supplies used to identify
industrial parts, products, materials and packaging. Search by Specification | Learn More about Marking Materials

Industrial Ceramic Materials
 (386 companies)

Industrial ceramic materials are non-metallic, inorganic compounds that include oxides, carbides, or nitrides.
They have high melting points, low wear resistance, and a wide range of electrical properties. Search by
Specification | Learn More about Industrial Ceramic Materials

Fiber Optic Connectors
 (503 companies)

Fiber optic connectors are used to align and join two or more fibers together to provide a means for attaching
to, or decoupling from, a transmitter, receiver, or other fiber optic device. Search by Specification | Learn
More about Fiber Optic Connectors

Fiber Optic Cables
 (944 companies)

Fiber optic cables are composed of one or more transparent optical fibers enclosed in protective coverings and
strength members. Fiber optic cables are used to transmit "light " data. Search by Specification | Learn
More about Fiber Optic Cables

Fibers and Filaments
 (198 companies)

Fibers and filaments consist of bulk, chopped fibers or strands and continuous monofilaments of materials and
are used in reinforcing composites as well as other specialized electrical and thermal applications. Search by
Specification | Learn More about Fibers and Filaments

Specialty Optical Fiber
 (89 companies)
Specialty optical fiber is modified, usually by doping, for a specialized function. It consists of one or more
transparent fibers enclosed in a protective covering. Search by Specification | Learn More about Specialty
Optical Fiber

Electrodes and Electrode Materials

 (325 companies)

Electrodes and electrode materials are metals and other substances used as the makeup of electrical
components. They are used to make contact with a nonmetallic part of a circuit, and are the materials in a
system through which an electrical current is transferred. Search by Specification | Learn More about Electrodes
and Electrode Materials

Friction Materials
 (158 companies)

Friction materials include brake pads, friction liners, clutch plates, friction bands, brake pads, brake shoes,
friction rolls, bonded assemblies and other components used to generate controlled friction for braking or power
transfer while minimizing wear. Search by Specification | Learn More about Friction Materials

4.4 SELF REPARING CEMENT

 Self-repairing concrete utilizes a limestone-producing bacteria, which is
normally dormant inside the concrete. When a crack emerges, it lets in air and
moisture. This forces the bacteria out of dormancy, where they start to feed
on the calcium lactate inside the concrete.
 CHAPTER 5
5.1 REFERENCES
1 
http://www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org/publications
 
2
https://af89fe40-1e99-4362-9d52-
c39c1bba841c.filesusr.com/ugd/7db921_765ae143d2494dcca0d6494ccc8034e2.pdf
 
3
https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/retail/our-insights/the-state-of-fashion-2019-a-
year-of-awakening
 
4
https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1U1v3YyxBc88Z5pG8rwEv1wrURZ8RMuv3
AFnHVCrgtGA/edit#gid=2072523853 
 
5
https://portal.higg.org/
 
6
https://globalfashionagenda.com/pulse-of-the-fashion-industry-2018-report-released/ 
 
7
https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/retail/our-insights/the-state-of-fashion-2019-a-
year-of-awakening

8
https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/retail/our-insights/the-state-of-fashion-2019-a-
year-of-awakening

9
https://af89fe40-1e99-4362-9d52-
c39c1bba841c.filesusr.com/ugd/7db921_765ae143d2494dcca0d6494ccc8034e2.pdf

10
https://af89fe40-1e99-4362-9d52-
c39c1bba841c.filesusr.com/ugd/7db921_765ae143d2494dcca0d6494ccc8034e2.pdf