Wind Energy I

Wind Energy I

Michael Hölling, WS 2010/2011 slide 1

Wind Energy I Basic information
Michael Hölling (Mike)
Email: michael.hoelling@uni-oldenburg.de
Room: W2-1-126
Phone: 798-3951
Office hours: Fridays 10:00 - 12:00

Prof. Joachim Peinke

Email: peinke@uni-oldenburg.de
Room: W2-1-129
Phone: 798-3536

Hendrik Heißelmann (Tutor for Exercises)

Email: hendrik.heisselmann@uni-oldenburg.de
Room: W2-1-122
Phone: 798-3643

Michael Hölling, WS 2010/2011 slide 2

Wind Energy I Basic information
Slides will be available on Stud.IP webpage and the corresponding link to this lecture shortly
after each class
https://elearning.uni-oldenburg.de

Literature:
E. Hau: Wind Turbines - 2nd edition, Springer, Berlin 2005 (also available in german, title
Windkraftanlagen)
T. Burton et al.: Wind energy Handbook, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2001
J. Twele und R. Gasch: Windkraftanlagen, Teubner B. G. GmbH, 2005
J. P. Molly. Windenergie, Verlag C.F. Müller, Karlsruhe, 1990

On the internet:
http://www.windinformation.de/
DEWI: http://www.dewi.de/dewi/index.php
DEWI GmbH = Deutsches Windenergie-Institut (German Wind Energy Institute)
BWE: http://www.wind-energie.de (Bundesverband Windenergie e.V.)

Michael Hölling, WS 2010/2011 slide 3

Wind Energy I Class content
5 Wind turbines in
6 Wind - blades
general
2 Wind measurements interaction
7 Π-theorem

8 Wind turbine
characterization
3 Wind field 9 Control strategies
characterization
10 Generator
4 Wind power

11 Electrics / grid

Michael Hölling, WS 2010/2011 slide 4

Wind Energy I Class structure
Thursday 28.10.2010: 1st lesson - motivation for renewable energies
Monday 01.11.2010: Exercise I
Thursday 04.11.2010: 2nd lesson - wind measurements techniques - anemometers
Monday 08.11.2010: Exercise II
Thursday 11.11.2010: 3rd lesson - characterization of wind fields
Monday 15.11.2010: Exercise III
Thursday 18:11.2010: 4th lesson - wind power, Betz limit, power curves of WECs
Monday 22.11.2010: Exercise IV (skip or covered by someone else)
Thursday 25.11.2010: 5th lesson - (covered by Prof. Peinke) history of wind turbines, WEC design
Monday 29.11.2010: Exercise V (skip or covered by someone else)
Thursday 2.12.2010: 6th lesson - interaction of wind field with blade segments
Monday 6.12.2010: Exercise VI
Thursday 9.12.2010: 7th lesson - PI-theorem
Monday 13.12.2010: Exercise VII
Thursday 16.12.2010: 8th lesson - characterization of WECs using dimensionless quantities
Monday 20.12.2010: Exercise VIII Christmas
Michael Hölling, WS 2010/2011 slide 5
Wind Energy I Class structure
Thursday 06.01.2011: 9th lesson - WEC control - different strategies and operation points
Monday 10.01.2011: Exercise IX
Thursday 13.01.2011: 10th lesson - WEC electrics / generator
Monday 17.01.2011: Exercise X
Thursday 20.01.2011: 11th lesson - WEC electrics / generator

Michael Hölling, WS 2010/2011 slide 6

Wind Energy I Energy and Power

What is energy ?

! "
kg · m2
Energy [Joule]: 2
= [J]
s

Different forms of appearances of energy, for example:

mechanical energy (work)
potential energy
kinetic energy
electrical energy
...

Michael Hölling, WS 2010/2011 slide 7

Wind Energy I Energy and Power

Conservation of energy !

Energy can NOT be created or destroyed, it can only be

converted in another form of appearance.
! "
E J
Power: P = = [W ]
t s
therefore

Energy: E = P · t [W · s]

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Wind Energy I Energy and Power

Different units of energy and their conversion factors

from / to Joule Kilowatt hour Electron volt Kilopondmeter Calories

Michael Hölling, WS 2010/2011 slide 9

Wind Energy I Energy and Power

Numbers can become very big and very small

Michael Hölling, WS 2010/2011 slide 10

Wind Energy I Power consumption

Worldwide power demand: 15T W = 1.5 · 10 W , considering

13

6 billion people on earth leads to a power consumption of 2.5kW

per person

GDP = Gross Domestic

Product

German:
Bruttoinlandsprodukt

Michael Hölling, WS 2010/2011 slide 11

Wind Energy I Energy consumption

A power demand of 1.5 · 10 W in one year13

1a = 8760h = 3153600s

corresponds to an energy demand of

E = 1.5 · 10 W · 31536000s = 4.73 · 10 J = 0.473ZJ
13 20

Expressed in tons of coal as a unit for energy

1 ton coal = 29.3GJ = 29.3 · 10 J 9

Expressed in tons of coal as a unit for energy

4.73 · 10 /29.3 · 10 = 1.6 · 10
20 9 10
tons coal

Michael Hölling, WS 2010/2011 slide 12

Wind Energy I Power production

Resources for power production

year

Wind still < 1%

(worldwide)
Michael Hölling, WS 2010/2011 slide 13
Wind Energy I Resource oil

From “Reserves, Resources and Availability of Energy Resources 2005”, BGR annual report
BGR : Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe

Cumulative production : 143 Gt

Reserves : 161 Gt
Resources : 82 Gt
Estimated Ultimate Recovery (EUR) : 386 Gt
Remaining potential : 243 Gt

Michael Hölling, WS 2010/2011 slide 14

Wind Energy I Resource gas

From “Reserves, Resources and Availability of Energy Resources 2005”, BGR annual report
BGR : Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe

Cumulative production : 81 Tm3

Reserves : 179 Tm3
Resources : 207 Tm3
Estimated Ultimate Recovery (EUR) : 467 Tm3
Remaining potential : 386 Tm3

Michael Hölling, WS 2010/2011 slide 15

Wind Energy I Resource lignite (brown coal)

From “Reserves, Resources and Availability of Energy Resources 2005”, BGR annual report
BGR : Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe

Accumulative output : 45 Gt
Reserves : 207 Gt
Resources : 1024 Gt
Estimated Ultimate Recovery (EUR) : 1276 Gt
Remaining potential : 1234 Gt

Michael Hölling, WS 2010/2011 slide 16

Wind Energy I Resource hard coal

From “Reserves, Resources and Availability of Energy Resources 2005”, BGR annual report
BGR : Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe

Accumulative output : 204 Gt

Reserves : 746 Gt
Resources : 4079 Gt
Estimated Ultimate Recovery (EUR) : 5029 Gt
Remaining potential : 4825 Gt

Michael Hölling, WS 2010/2011 slide 17

Wind Energy I Efficiency

How much energy is stored in ALL fossil resources on earth ?

Oil: 386Gt = 16 · 10 J, with 1toe = 42 · 10 J

21 9

Gas: 467T m = 16 · 10 J, with 1000m = 34.6 · 10 J

3 21 3 9

Lignite: 1276Gt = 37 · 10 J, with 1ton coal = 29.3 · 10 J

21 9

Hard coal: 5029Gt = 147 · 10 J, with 1ton coal = 29.3 · 10 J

21 9

This adds up to 216 · 10 J = 216 · 10 W · s

21 21

that is (roughly) stored in all fossil resources.

Michael Hölling, WS 2010/2011 slide 18

Wind Energy I Future of resources

Quo vadis ?
?

?
?

year

Michael Hölling, WS 2010/2011 slide 19

Wind Energy I Energy consumption

10 to 20% is used for electricity

Michael Hölling, WS 2010/2011 slide 20

Wind Energy I Environmental issues

Jan. 2007: 383ppm

27% above the max
value of the last
400.000 years

Michael Hölling, WS 2010/2011 slide 21

Wind Energy I Environmental issues

more than 25%

above the max
value of the last
400.000 years

Michael Hölling, WS 2010/2011 slide 22

Wind Energy I Environmental issues

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Wind Energy I Environmental issues

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Wind Energy I Environmental issues

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Wind Energy I Environmental issues

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Wind Energy I Environmental issues

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Wind Energy I Environmental issues

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Wind Energy I Environmental issues

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Wind Energy I Environmental issues

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