MINERALS ROCKS

Aggregate of one or more minerals. More

Building blocks of rocks
than one mineral e.g IJOLITE (Igneous)
Usually have shape No definite shape
Usually Pretty Not usually pretty
Some are cheap and used to build
More expensive and used in jewelries
infrastructure.
Have no fossils except AMBER. Some have fossils
Molecules are arranged in geometric
Molecules are arranged randomly
shapes/3D
PURE because it is composed of the elements
of periodic table. Pure/Have specific
MIXTURE
compositions (Silicon, Oxygen, Sulfur, Carbon,
Sodium, Chlorine etch)
Formed from crystallization Formed from rock formation
High melting point Low melting point
Some are in form of Crystals. (Transparent,
Minerals with 3D structure)
DIAMOND. Purest Carbon
Minerals are polished to make it look good
AMBER. The only mineral that contains fossils.
Matatagpuan sa dagta ng puno e.g Jurassic
Park
Expensive because it is rare
Gold (Pure) is mineral
Most are formed underneath

2 TYPES OF MINERALS ACCORDING TO

DESCRIPTION
LUSTER
Having the look of polished metals.
METALLIC LUSTER
Gold, Mercury
VITREOUS (Glassy) ADAMANTINE
NON-METALLIC LUSTER (Brilliant/diamond like) PEARLY
Emerald

PROPERTIES OF MINERALS DESCRIPTION

 A glow within; intensity of reflected light
LUSTER exhibited by the mineral
 Shining of minerals
 Measures the resistance of mineral to
abrasion
HARDNESS  BLACK DIAMOND. Hardest Mineral
 TALC. Softest Mineral
 COLOR. Quality such as red, blue, green,
yellow etch.
COLOR AND STREAK  STREAK. The color of mineral in powdered
form.
  The external shape of a crystal or groups
of crystals
a) PRISMATIC. Prism, Caves, Tube structure
with edges, geometrical shapes having
sides
b) CUBIC. Cube
CRYSTAL FORM/HABIT c) BLADED. Flat-sharp, Flat sword with sharp
edges
d) OCTAHEDRON. Two pyramids base to
base, e.g Diamonds
e) GLOBULAR. Grape-like
f) AMORPHOUS. No definite shape, e.g
Mineraloids, Mercury, Gold
 CLEAVAGE. It is the property of mineral to
break along parallel repetitive planes of
CLEAVAGE AND FRACTURE weakness to form smooth flat surfaces.
 FRACTURE. Broken surfaces that are
irregular or non-planar
 The ratio of the weight of a mineral to the
SPECIFIC GRAVITY weight of an equal volume of water
OTHER PROPERTIES  Magnetism, Odor, Taste

 “IGNIS” - Latin word, meaning Fire

 There are rocks that are derived from the
cooling and solidification of magma or
lava (These two are molten materials of
IGNEOUS ROCKS the Earth)
 Must undergo MELTING
 Can be both surface and below
 Melt down 800-1200 degrees
 Formed below the surface of the Earth
 These rocks were formed due to changes
in pressure and temperature (HEAT)
conditions
METAMORPHIC ROCKS  100-800 degrees
 High pressure, Low temperature
 Compact. Kikinis, Change of texture and
color
 These rocks formed near the surface of
the Earth
 Common sediments features fossils
 These rocks are formed by means of
pressure
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS  Must undergo WEATHERING
 Surface only
 SEDIMENTARY PROCESS
a) Weathering of rocks
b) Erosion of sediments
 c) Deposition
d) Compaction
e) Cementation

2 TYPES OF IGNEOUS ROCKS

 Igneous rock formed when magma
INTRUSIVE solidifies inside the volcano
 GABBRO, GRANITE, DUNITE, DIORITE
 Igneous rock formed when lava solidifies
EXTRUSIVE outside the volcano
 BASALT, ANDESITE, RHYOLITE, OBSIDIAN

3 TYPES OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

 Sedimentary rocks made up of pieces of
other rocks
CLASTIC  BRECCIA, SANDSTONE
 SHALE, CONGLOMERATE
 Formed from organic processes that
involve living organisms producing the
BIOCHEMICAL sediments
 LIMESTONE, COAL
 Formed when minerals dissolved in water,
begin to precipitate out of the solution
and deposit at the base of the water
CHEMICAL body
 EVAPORITE, TRAVERTINE
 STALACTITE, STALAGMITE from Caves

2 TYPES OF METAMORPHIC ROCKS

 GNEISS
 SLATE
FOLIATED  MUSCOVITE
 PHYLLITE
 MARBLE
 NOVACULITE
NON-FOLIATED  HORNFELS
 QUARTZITE