The framework of Literature Review

“The Role of The Journal : Improve The Ability To Write Essays”

1. Shaping writing skills through journal

As a student must have a broad and unlimited source of information. Sometimes many
students think that books are the only source of information that can be used as a reference in
doing assignments such as writing essays. This is why students rarely access journals that
have been provided by the library, there are also many students who are disturbed in doing
their assignments because books that are used as references are difficult to obtain. There are
so many benefits that can be obtained when we read print journals and online journals,
especially for essay writing assignments. By reading a journal, we can find out the results of a
study or research that has been done by previous researchers and of course has been
guaranteed its truth because it has been prepared professionally and has been published
through a publisher. And of course for students who are diligent in reading journals, if the
lecturer asks questions in class, students will be better prepared to answer and of course get
the additional value given by the lecturer. It's great to be a student who is one step ahead and
knows things that even other students don't know.

2. Benefits of journal improve writing skills

One part that cannot be separated in a journanl is e theory used to dissect a problem.
When often reading journals, we will know many of these theories. That will make us have
many choices of theories when it comes to making a written work. There are several benefits
of journals that we can take:

 Getting new information that is rarely known. By reading journals such as

international journals, we will get new information that is rarely known to ordinary
people. We will know a lot about something. That knowledge will certainly be very
useful.
 Having a perspective and broad mindset. Reading is indeed an activity that has many
benefits, especially if the reading material is a journal. Frequently reading
international journals will open our perspective on an issue. That is because in
international journals, a topic of problems is seen in several quite interesting
perspectives. By frequently reading the journal, we will see how the author's
perspective in discussing the topic of the problem.
 Enriching the vocabulary. When reading a journal, surely you will find some terms
that are not known. The terms are usually associated with the field of science. When
we understand the meaning of the term, we have enriched the vocabulary. The
advantage of having a vocabulary is that we will be very easy to write, be it scientific
work, essays or other things. In addition, writing is more lively and attracts people to
read it. Meanwhile, the words that are obtained by reading a journal will help when
 composing writing, because they already know how to convey the contents of thought
using appropriate terms.
 Foster an attitude of creative thinking. Creative ways of thinking will produce creative
writing as well. The more we broaden our views with various kinds of knowledge it
will make us more open minded so that we can be creative in everything. People tend
to be more creative when they think broadly

3. Writing ability

Writing is a way to share messages, ideas, or deep thoughts sentences with correct
grammar. Writing as one of four language skills is considered a difficult skill and is also a
difficult subject. This is because students must produce texts using English correctly in
accordance with good and correct grammar. Students must write what they think using the
correct procedures, for example writing essays. Writing also requires practice to develop this
skill. It is impossible to achieve in just one learning. Harmer (2001: 13) states that in writing
requires planning in preparing what we will write. Next is to edit what has been written and
get the final result. Writing is like solving a problem, where the writer is faced with two main
tasks. The first produces ideas and the second is compiling ideas into written text. Success in
writing depends on how many readers can understand what the writer meant. Being a good
writer is not easy because the writer must pay attention to the main purpose or writing and
also must pay attention to aspects of writing in his writing. In writing there are also several
process that must be considered:

 Explore ideas. Before sit down and starting to write, let your mind explore and find
ideas. That's because the idea to write might come up in any situation and place such
as when we work, travel, eat, etc. In this case, we are advised to note the thoughts
that appear before disappearing on a piece of paper or other media.
 Pre-write. This step includes the process of writing our thoughts on paper or on a
computer. In this step, we don't need to worry about grammar, correct choice of
words, spelling, or punctuation, because we might change or correct our mistakes due
to the concept writing process.
 Organize. In this step, we can arrange the writing we have made by doing selection,
reduce, and add ideas.
 Write a first draft. After organizing, then choosing the best ideas from freewriting,
and developing them into more specific ideas, so it's time for the writer to start
writing the first draft. In this step, the author does not need to worry about being
perfect, because later new ideas will emerge when the writer compiles his first draft.
 Revise the draft. In this step, the writer will take the most time among the other steps
because it is not easy to change and improve his writing. The author might eliminate
a few points which is considered not very important. The same thing happens when
the writer finds some very important ideas so that can add them to his writing.
Striving for this step will make our writing better.
 Produce the final copy. after the writer has finished revising the draft, the next step is
begin to produce the final copy. When the writer has finished revising his draft, then
 can start to edit it. In editing, the writer is recommended to edit his writing very
carefully.

4. Aspects of writing

According to Melly (2006: 1), writing is divided into five types. The first is
expository writing, where the purpose of this type of writing is to explain or inform. The
second is descriptive writing, this type of writing functions to show or describe something.
The third is persuasive writing, this type of writing is to debate or oppose a problem. The
fourth is creative writing, this type of writing such as fiction, poetry, drama, screenwriting,
biography, and much more. And the last is narrative writing, this type of writing is like telling
a story. To produce good writing, there are several aspects that students must consider.
According to Byrne (2011), there are five aspects:

 Organizing idea. The idea is the most important factor in writing activities, because
we will not be able to write meaningful, if you have not thought of anything.
 Grammar. This refers to the correct use of grammatical forms and syntactic patterns
when separating, combining, and grouping ideas in words, phrases, clauses and
sentences to bring up logical relationships in the writing of paragraphs.
 Vocabulary is important in writing because by having a lot of vocabulary an author
can express ideas and choose the right words according to the content.
 Mechanics. This refers to the use of conventional graphs of language that is the steps
of arranging letters, paragraphs using strucuture knowledge and several others related
to each other.
 Content is how the writer develops ideas related to the topic. The writing varies
greatly and there are several aspects in writing that must be considered in writing. By
considering these aspects, students can write well and can be understood by readers.

5. Writing an essay

In some types of essays, students need to present their arguments against a case. By
having the practice of writing essays, students will learn how to use arguments related to
certain topics. However this is not just about using arguments all the time, but also related to
the problem of how students learn to support their arguments using scientific and academic
sources. The importance of writing essays for students especially in part of their learning.
First, essay writing will depend on students' knowledge and understanding of the topics and
subjects they are learning. Second, writing an essay can be an indicator to assess student
progress. Relying on this reason, the lecturer will see the progress of students with the
concept of an essay conducted by students. For example, in the first draft, students still have
weaknesses in terms of word choice, paragraph arrangement, grammar, etc. Then after the
lecturer revises the first draft, students will try to make some revisions related to the lecturer
notes in their essays. Then the lecturer will be able to know the progress of students not only
in writing but also other important aspects in mastering English such as vocabulary and
grammar. Finally and the most important reason is writing an essay will make students think
better. Why? Because in writing, students are required to be more creative in terms of
creating ideas and arguments from information, making academic writings, and also building
good communication with academic people.

6. Structure of essay

Colonna and Gilbert (2006: 31), proposed that the essay is divided into three parts,
namely the introduction, body, and conclusions. The following is the explanation:

 Introduction. The first paragraph of an essay is called an introduction. The

introduction must be written from the general to more specific points.
 The body. In essay the body can consist of several paragraphs containing information
that can support the main idea. Supporting information can be taken from journals or
books that consist of statistical data.
 Conclusions. The last paragraph in essay is called a conclusion. To close the essay,
the writer must form one sentence to unite the entire contents of the essay by using
statements that contain suggestions, predictions, or opinions.

7. Essay models

There are several types of essays that are commonly known by people. The following
explanation:

 Descriptive essay
Descriptive essay is an essay that describes a person or thing. The problem or matter
raised in this essay is an object, such as a house, animal, or someone.
 Classification essay
Classification essay is one type of essay that is informative. This essay consists of
paragraphs which contain groupings or classifications on a topic based on certain
references. The purpose of writing this essay is to clarify a topic by grouping it
according to certain aspects.
 Cause and effect essay
This classification essay aims to divide several categories from one finished topic that
the writer is required to classify the categories to be explained in the body chart.
 Comparison and Contrast Essay
In general, comparison and contrast essays are related to explanations similarities and
differences. Most comparison and contrast essays present one or both subjects in
sharp focus, leading the reader to a new way of looking at things, or showing that one
subject is better than another subject.
 Argumentative Essays
Argumentative essays are intended to identify arguments and rebuttal. In stating an
argument, the writer must provide sufficient and strong sources to support the
statement. In this case, the writer must ascertain whether the argument presented in
the essay is strong or weak.