̵ Enables the user to share mobile photo and video
Empowerment Technologies either publicly or privately and through other networking
THE CURRENT STATE OF ICT
WEB 1.0
̵ The first stage of the World Wide Web.
̵ At the beginning of the WWW, there were very few
web content creators and many of them were so called
“read only web” since there was no interaction.
̵ The web pages are static, meaning you can read the
text and look at the photos but the user could not interact
with it to obtain more information.
̵ The feedback mechanism was thru private email and
direct comment was not available.
̵ Internet was focused more on businesses and
commercial purposes.
̵ From 1997 to 2000, the dot-com bubble gave way to
rise and fall of dot-com companies, or internet-based
companies.
WEB 2.0
̵ The term “Web 2.0” was first used in a 1999 article
written by Darcy DiNucci called “Fragmented Future”.
̵ Tim O’Reilly described its state as “Web as a
Platform” wherein software applications are web-based
rather than being on a desktop.
̵ The internet became more and more interactive.
̵ The user can now interact, contribute and create their
own internet space and content resulting in the explosion of
information available for everyone on the net.
̵ The beginning of the wide use and popularity of the
social media.
̵ Web pages are now written using web programs such
as PHP, Python, Ruby or Perl – all dynamic programming
languages.
̵ It is the advent of the “read-write” web.
WEB 3.0
̵ It is named and referred to by web experts as
semantic web or data driven web content and response.
̵ The father of WWW, Time Berners-Lee described it
as “read-write-execute” web.
̵ The World Wide Web Consortium described it as
having an integrated link of data across the entire Web.
SOCIAL MEDIA
It is a collection of internet-based communication tools and
computer-assisted channels dedicated to allow users to
interact, communicate and share information in virtual
community and network.
The most common social media site are:
1. Facebook
̵ The most popular free networking site with more than
a billion user around the globe.
̵ It allows its user to create profiles, upload photos and
videos, create and join groups, reacts to friends’ posts,
create events send messages, keeping in touch with close
friends and relatives.
2. Twitter
̵ It allows users to microblog or broadcast short
messages called “tweets”.
3. Instagram
site.
4. Snapchat
̵ It is designed for photo sharing, chat and messaging
services. Images and videos shared in this app last
only for a short time and they are gone after.
DANGERS ON THE INTERNET
1. Email Spam
̵ Also known as junk mail, it is usually unsolicited
commercial email sent from one source with identical
message sent to multiple recipients.
̵ Dangerous spams carry vires like Trojan horse and
other malicious software (malware).
̵ Spamming is projected to continue because it is a
cheap means of advertising.
̵ Spammer is the term used to refer to a person who
creates electronic spam.
2. Email Spoofing
̵ Refers to deceitful email practice in which the sender
address is changed, so that it would appear to have
come from a different source usually someone you
know.
̵ It is usually used by spammers to hide the origin of
the spam.
3. Phishing
̵ A deceitful practice of trying to get confidential
information such as passwords and usernames, and credit
card details by making it appear as if it comes from a
trustworthy source.
̵ Internet user would think that they are accessing a
genuine website and through this way, a phisher would be
able to gather sensitive information from the internet user.
4. Spyware
̵ A computer program that is installed covertly on a
personal computer to collect information or event take
control over the computer without the knowledge of the
user.
̵ It is known that spyware programs also affect the
performance and settings of the computer.
5. Computer Worm
̵ A dangerous computer program that replicates itself
through a network.
̵ Some worms delete files, other disrupt the network
function and still, other send junk mail from infected
computer.
6. Trojan Horse
̵ This is a form of malicious software (malware) fronting
to perform a good task, but covertly performs
undesirable function with the intention of entering the
computer without the user’s consent.
̵ It can disable the computer’s defenses opening it to
unauthorized entry.
7. Computer Virus
̵ A program that duplicates itself and the infects the
computer.
̵ It spreads like a real biological virus, wherein it
attaches itself to a host program and infect other
 computers if it is received by a computer through the
internet.
8. Hacker
̵ The person who is able to enter and control other
people’s computer without authorization.
SECURITY CENTER
1. Firewall
̵ It helps in protecting your computer from unauthorized
entries, viruses or worms from the Internet or network.
2. Automatic Updates
̵ Another feature of Windows which when turned on
will automatically download updates from Microsoft
Windows website.
3. Virus Protection
̵ It is usually about the current antivirus software
installed in your computer; this option is
recommended to be turned on always.
̵ Antivirus Software is meant to locate, find and remove
virus threats that are already in your computer.
THE CORE RULES OF NETIQUETTE
1. Remember the human.
2. Adhere to the same standards of behavior online that you
follow in real life.
3. Know where you are in cyberspace.
4. Respect other people’s time and bandwidth.
5. Make yourself look good online.
6. Share expert knowledge.
7. Help keep flame wars under control.
8. Respect other people’s privacy.
9. Don’t abuse your power.
10. Be forgiving of other people’s mistakes.
THE TEN COMMANDMENTS FOR COMPUTER
ETHICS
Thou shalt…
1. …not use a computer to harm other people.
2. …not interfere with other people’s computer work.
3. …not snoop around in other people’s files.
4. …not use a computer to steal.
5. …not use a computer to bear false witness.
6. …not use or copy software for which you have not paid.
7. ...not use other people’s computer resources without
authorization.
8. …not appropriate other people’s intellectual output.
9. …think about the social consequences of the program you
write.
10. …use a computer in ways that show consideration and
respect.
THE BEST PRODUCTIVITY APPS, TOOLS AND
METHODS
1. 1-3-5 List (desktop)
̵ It encourages you to “Get things done by setting
these few simple goals for the day.”
̵ This system can help you feel in control of setting
realistic goals and meeting them.
2. Carrot (app)
̵ It calls itself “the to do list with personality” and
promises to make your to-do list fun by gamifying the
process.
̵ This app lets you earn rewards by completing your
tasks, but warns that slackers make Carrot upset.
3. Wunderlist (desktop and app)
̵ Named as one of the best of 2014 by both Apple and
Google play.
̵ Wunderlist bills itself as a tool for home, work and
play.
4. Teux-deux (desktop and app)
̵ It combines graphic and functional simplicity into an
interface that makes productivity a pleasure.
̵ It’s a simple as a pen and paper, but much prettier,
and the mobile app lets you take your to-do list on the road.
5. Bullet Journaling
̵ Bullet journaling bills itself as a system “for the list-
makers, the note-takers, the Post-It note pilots, the track-
keepers and the dabbling doodlers”.
̵ A system for organizing the present, recording the
past and planning for the future, it centers on a technique
called rapid logging, helping you direct your time and
energy efficiently.
6. Today.txt
̵ According to the today.txt method, it’s not the
distractions that are the biggest problem but the lack of
prioritization.
7. Post It
̵ This concept can be summed up in one simple line “if
it won’t fit on a Post-It, it won’t fit in your day.”
8. Evernote
̵ It may be the most beloved and most frequently
recommended productivity app.
̵ The website promises that “for everything you’ll do,
Evernote is the workspace to get it done.”
̵ From writing, collecting, finding and presenting,
Evernote allows you to keep track of everything you need –
and share and collaborate with others.
9. Trello
̵ It acts as a board of virtual post-it notes, allowing you
to move from content planning and creation to distribution
in a simple, yet robust, platform.
̵ It can be used by an individual or a team and can
keep everyone involved up to date on the progress of every
project.
10. Asana
̵ The system allows you to navigate and track projects
and liberates your team from email overwhelm.
11. Get It Done
̵ “Creative people tend to see the world a little
differently than everyone else.”
̵ It promises to take you from procrastination to
creative genius in 15 mins. a day – helping creative zero in
on goals, focus, get organized and harness energies in
productive and income-generating ways.
12. Pomodoro
̵ It is based on the idea that we’re more productive
when we work with our available time, instead of struggling
against it.
̵ The system allows you for short, scheduled breaks to
limit overwhelm and burnout; by combining a longer
uninterrupted stretch of work with a short, timed break, it
helps with both productivity and balance.
13. Kanban
̵ It is a visual, hands-n system that relies on four
foundational pieces: visualizing your work, limiting the work
you have in progress, focusing on flow and continuous
improvement.
 ̵ The works for individuals or teams and for personal
work or large projects.
APPLIED PRODUCTIVITY TOOLS
Using MS Publisher to Create a Mail Merge
A. Creating a Recipient List
1. Click on Mailings tab, go to the Start group and click Select
Recipients.
2. On the list of options, select Type New List.
3. On the New Address List dialog box, click New Entry and
type the recipient information.
4. Click OK.
B. Editing a Recipient List
1. Click the Mailings tab, go to the Start group and click Edit
Recipient List.
2. On the Mail Merge Recipient dialog box, click the name that
you would like to edit and type the correct information.
C. Creating a Mail Merge
1. Click Mailings tab, go to the Start group and click Mail
Merge.
2. Select the Step by Step Mail Merge Wizard and the pane will
be displayed.
Using MS PowerPoint to Create Custom Animations
A. Adding an Animation
1. Click the Animation tab and go to the Advanced Animation
group.
2. Select the animation from the list of options grouped as
Entrance, Emphasis and Exit.
Slide Animation is a moving computer graphic effects
that can be added to the text, object or the entire
slide.
B. Creating Custom Animation
1. Zoom out the slide in order for you to see the outside part of
the slide.
2. Draw an oval and bring it outside of the slide.
3. On the Animation group, click the drop-down arrow to see
the available tools grouped as Entrance, Emphasis, Exit and
Motion Paths.
4. On the Motion Paths, select Custom Path.
5. Click from the object and draw a line of path.
6. Double click the end of the line where the shape will rest.
7. You can also select the present motion path such as Line,
Arcs, Turns, Shapes and Loops.
Hyperlinking Presentation
A. Creating a hyperlink to a slide in the same presentation.
1. Click the text where you want to create a hyperlink.
2. Click the Insert tab, go to the Links group and click the
Hyperlink button.
3. On the Hyperlink dialog box, select Page in This Document.
4. Select the page where you want to go when the text with
hyperlink is clicked.
5. Click OK.
Hyperlink allows you to go to other slides in the same
or another presentation, in a web page and even to
email addresses.
B. Creating a hyperlink to a slide in a different presentation.
1. Go to Normal view, select the text or the object that you
want to use as a hyperlink.
2. On the Insert tab, go to the Links group and click Hyperlink.
3. Under Link to, click Existing File or Web Page.
4. Locate the presentation that contains the slide that you want
to link to.
5. Click Bookmark, and the click the title of the slide that you
want to link.
ADVANCED AND COMPLEX FORMULAS AND
COMPUTATIONS
Function Constants
Equal Sign
Reference
Operators
Parts of Formula
Functions – The PI( ) function returns the value of pi: 3.1416…
References – A8 returns the value in cell A8.
Constants – Number or text values entered directly into a
formula, such as 7, 6, 1.
Operators
The ^ (caret) operator raises a number to a power.
The * (asterisk) operator multiplies numbers.
The + (plus) operator adds numbers.
The – (minus) operator subtracts numbers.
Functions are built-in formulas you can use to make
your worksheet construction easier.
Excel Functions
 =SUM ( ) – Calculates the sum of the values of a range of
cells.
 =AVERAGE ( ) – Calculates the arithmetic mean of a
range of cells or values.
 =MAX ( ) – Gives the maximum value in a range of cells or
values.
 =MIN ( ) – Gives the minimum value in a range of cells or
values.
 COUNT ( ) – Counts the number of cells in a range of cells
or values.
 IF ( ) – Shows a series of calculations using the same
formula but a different value of each calculation to
determine whether the formula is true or false.
A. Using the SUM Function
1. Click on the cell you want to perform the formula.
2. Click the Formula tab, go to the Function Library group and
click the AutoSum button.
3. Highlight the data that you would like to add.
4. Press the Enter key to finish the formula.
B. Using the AVERAGE Function
1. Click on the cell you want to perform the formula.
2. Click the Formula tab, go to the Function Library group and
click the AutoSum drop-down button.
3. On the drop-down menu, click the Average command and
highlight the data that you would like to find the average value.
4. Press the Enter key to finish the formula.
C. Using the MAX Function
1. Click on the cell you want to perform the formula.
2. Click the Formula tab, go to the Function Library group and
click the AutoSum drop-down button.
3. On the drop-down menu, click the Max command and
highlight the data that you would like to find the minimum
value.
4. Press the Enter key to finish the formula.
D. Using the MIN Function
1. Click on the cell you want to perform the formula.
2. Click the Formula tab, go to the Function Library group and
click the AutoSum drop-down button.
3. On the drop-down menu, click the Min command and
highlight the data that you would like to find the minimum
value.
4. Press the Enter key to finish the formula.
E. Using the COUNT Function
1. Click on the cell you want to perform the formula.
2. Click the Formula tab, go to the Function Library group and
click the AutoSum drop-down button.
3. On the drop-down menu, click the Count command and
highlight the data that you would like to find the minimum
value.
4. Press the Enter key to finish the formula.
LOOKUP FUNCTIONS
HLOOKUP – Used when the table direction is horizontal or
across the worksheet.
VLOOKUP – Used when the table direction is vertical or down
the worksheet. Since most tables are vertical, this function is
widely used.
- The general form of this function is:
= VLOOKUP (search argument, table range, column number)
ONLINE FILE FORMATS FOR IMAGES AND
TEXT
File Format is a standard process that data is
encoded for storage in a computer file.
1. JPEG (“Join Photographic Experts Group”)
̵ This format is the most commonly used by digital
cameras and other capture devices and also the most
common format when saving pictures on the internet.
̵ This format is used when a small file size is more
important than the maximum quality of the image.
2. GIF (“Graphics Interchange Format”)
̵ One of the formats that are used to show indexed-
color graphics and pictures in HTML pages on the
web.
̵ Unique features that GIF can do is to preserve
transparency and can also be animated.
3. PNG (“Portable Network Graphics”)
̵ It is used to generate background transparency
without jagged edges.
̵ Best uses are logos that involve transparency and
fading, images in the middle of the editing process
and large complex images if file size is not an issue.
4. PDF (“Portable Document Format”)
̵ This file format has all the features of a printed
documents as an electronic image, print, navigate or
even forward to other people.
̵ This file format is good for printing, online content,
archiving, business and legal documents, combining
multiple formats, file exchange and the fact that
anyone can view it.
5. DOC (“Document File”)
̵ A file format created by Microsoft and used in
Microsoft Word.
̵ MS Word is able to generate and distribute
documents using a writing tool and it is possible to
include charts, formatted text, graphs, images, tables,
page formatting and has a few printing setting.
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF GRAPHICS AND
LAYOUT
1. Balance
̵ Generally, balance means it is the equal distribution
of weight.
̵ Two kinds of balance:
o Symmetrical Balance is the order of
elements so that they are evenly allocated to
the left and to the right or top and bottom of
center.
o Asymmetrical Balance is the order of
different objects of the same weight on each
side of the page. Color, shape, size, texture
and value can be used as balancing
elements.
2. Proximity
̵ The Principle of Proximity shows that you resemble
related objects together, move them physically close
to each other so the related items are seen as a
united group rather than a group of unrelated things.
̵ Its sole purpose is to organize.
3. Alignment
̵ The Principle of Alignment says, “Nothing should be
placed on the page arbitrarily. Every item should have
a visual connection with something else on the page”.
̵ The purpose of alignment is to unify and organize the
page.
4. Repetition
̵ According to the Principle of Repetition, it states
“Repeat some aspect of the design throughout the
entire piece.”
̵ It aids organize the information; it guides readers and
helps to make parts of the design become more
united.
5. Contrast
̵ According to the Principle of Contrast, it states that,
“If two items are not exactly the same, then make the
different. Really different.”
̵ It is used to create an interest on the page.
̵ It is also used to aid in the arrangement of the
information.
6. White Space
̵ According to the Principle of White Space, it states
that “White space is the art of nothing. White space is
the absence of text and graphics.”
̵ Two kinds of white space:
o The undefined white space, which is what
you get when you open a new document.
o Active white space, which happens when an
object is placed in an unspecified white
space.