Accountability:

“The quality or state of being accountable; an obligation or willingness to accept responsibility for one’s
actions. – Merriam Webster Dictionary

Explanation:

For example, the public and its leaders in education have increasingly expected teachers and students to
be accountable for their work. Meaning, that schools and teachers are held responsible for
implementing particular curricula and goals, and that students are held responsible for learning
particular knowledge.

Accountability in assessment

Accountability means informing parents and the public about how well a school is educating its students
and about the quality of the social and learning environment.

Explanation:

For example, is this new educational set-up. The higher position in education implements the new
educational set-up, so parents are accountable on this idea because it’s about their child’s learning
assessment. Since the public schools in elementary are now in modular learning, parents also have their
role in guiding their kids on answering their assessment. Teachers are also accountable for the learning
of their students especially in this set-up where face-to-face is prohibited. It will challenge the teacher’s
capacity to organize the flow of the topic presented in the module so that it will be easily comprehend
by their learners.

The reporting of test results represents the simplest form of accountability.

Explanation:

Stronger incentives for educational change are provided by accountability mechanisms that use
information from assessments to make consequential decisions about students, teachers, or schools.
This explains that what scores your students gives you on your given assessment, it reflects on how
effective you are as a teacher and on how you deliver your discussions and instructions to them.

Importance of Accountability

Accountability is indeed important not just for student learning also for the teacher and classroom
learning.

Explanation:

It is important given that classroom assessment approaches provide important data to enhance and
improve teacher instruction and student learning.
Fairness:

The quality or state of being fair; lack of favoritism toward one side or another. – Merriam Webster
Dictionary

Fairness in assessment

Refers to the consideration of learner’s needs and characteristics, and any reasonable adjustments that
need to be applied to take account of them.

Explanation:

Students need to know exactly what the learning targets are and what method of assessment will be
used. An assessment should not hinder or advantage a learner. For example of this is the students
learning styles. Inside the class, a teacher should meet all the different learning style of the student so
that there will be fairness in terms of assessments. Everyone deserves an equal opportunity to
demonstrate what the students understand, what they know, and what they can do.

Fairness is subdivided into three distinct categories:

●cultural sensitivity

●bias

●accessibility

Cultural Sensitivity - is more about including content, scenarios, and contexts that are relevant to people
from all sorts of different backgrounds and perspectives.

Bias - is present whenever one or more items on a test offend or unfairly penalize students.

Accessibility - translates into the tools, assists, devices, and accommodations that are allowed so that
students can either take the same test as their peers, or have an equivalent assessment experience.