5GTECHNOLOGY:

OPPORTUNI
TIESANDCHALLENGES

5Gist hefif
thgener ati
onofcel l
ularnet
works.Upt o100t i
mesf ast
erthan4G,5Gi s
cr
eati
ngnev er-
befor
e-seenoppor t
unit
iesforpeopleandbusinesses.Fasterconnecti
vit
yspeeds,
ul
tr
a-l
ow latencyandgr eat
erbandwi dthisadvancingsocieti
es,transformingindustriesand
dr
amat i
call
yenhancingday -
to-dayexperi
ences.Servi
cesthatweusedt oseeasf uturi
stic,such
ase-heal
th,connectedv ehi
clesandt raf
fi
csy st
emsandadv ancedmobi l
ecloudgami nghav e
ar
ri
ved.With5Gt echnology,wecanhel pcreat
easmar ter
,saferandmor esust ai
nablefuture.

5Gi sbasi call

yamobi letechnologywhi chhasev olvedfr
om thebasic
1G technol ogy t hatcame up wi t
ht he cellphones comi ng i
ntot he
communi cat i
onwor ld.5Gi sseenast hefuturegenerationtechnol
ogyand
i
tsgoal saredef i
nitelyprogressive.Therearethreetypesof5Gbei ngbuil
t
i
nt he U. Si ncl uding low-band,mi d-
band and hi gh-band mmWav e5G.
Technologiesl ikeAT&T,Ver izon and T-Mobi l
e/Spri
ntal lhavedi f
fer
ent
str
ategiesint heirimpl ementationofthe5Gnet work(AlexSherman&Todd
Haselton,2020) .
5G isdesignedt oincr
easenet worki
ngspeed,r educelatencyandal so
i
mpr ovef l
exibi
l
ity of wir
eless servi
ces. The blips that happen in
Transmissi
onduet omovementofdev i
cef r
om onelocati
ont oanotherwi
th
networkchangesareexpect
edt obenon-exist
entwith5Gtechnology.
While earl
i
ergener at
ion ofcel l
ulartechnol
ogy focused on ensur i
ng
connecti
vi
ty5Gt akesconnect
ivi
tytothenextlevelbydeli
veringconnected
experi
ences from the cl
oud cli
ents.5G net works ar
ev i
rtuali
zed and
soft
waredr i
ven,andtheyexpl
oitcloudtechnologi
es.4Gt echnologyhasa
peakspeedof1Gpsbut5Gpr omisesapeakspeedofabout20Gpsov er
fi
xedstati
ons.
The key appl
icati
ons and services to using t
he 5G technology
i
ncludesloweri
nglatencywhi chcanimpr ovetheperfor
manceofbusi ness
appli
cati
onsaswel lasot herdigi
talexperi
ences( suchasonli
negami ng,
vi
deoconf er
enci
ngandsel f-dri
vi
ngcars( l
oprespub2020).Anot
herstri
king
featurei sthatthe5Gnet workwillal
soampl i
fymobi l
itywithseaml essopen
roami ngcapabi l
iti
esbet weencellul
arandWi -
Fiaccess.Mobi leuser scan
stayconnect edast heymov ebetweenout doorwi r
elessconnect ionsand
wirelessnet worksi nsidebui ldi
ngwi t
houtuseri nterventi
onort heneedf or
usert oaut henti
cate.Al so,thenew Wi -
Fi6wi relessst andard( alsoknown
as802. 11ax)shar est r
ai t
swi th5G,includi
ngimpr ov edper f
ormance.Wi -Fi
6r adi os can be r eplaced wher e users need t hem t o pr ov i
de bett
er
geogr aphicalcov erageandl owercostunder l
y i
ngt heseWi -
Fi6r adiosi
sa
softwar e-based net wor k with advanced automat ion.Rev olutionarynew
devicesar emostl ikelyt obecr eatedandmobi lest oressettobeoneoft he
fi
rstkeydi stri
butorsoft he5Gnet work.
5Gt echnologywi lli
ntroduceadvancest hroughoutnet workar chitecture.5G
NewRadi o,theglobal st
andardforamor ecapabl e5Gwi rel
essai ri nterface,
willcoverspect rumsnotusedi nt he4G.New ant ennaswi llincor por ate
technologyknown as massi ve MI MO ( multipl
ei nput,mul t
iple out put )
,
whichenabl esmul t
ipl
et r
ansmittersandr eceiver
st ot r
ansfermor edat aat
thesamet ime.But5Gt echnol
ogyi snotlimitedtot henewr adiospect r um.
Itisdesignedt osuppor taconv er
ged,het erogenousnet wor kcombi ni ng
l
icensedandunl icensedwi r
elesst echnologies.Thi swilladdbandwi dt h
avail
ablef orusers.
5G also enhances di git
alexperiences through machine learning (ML)
enabled automat i
on demand f orr esponse ti
mes withinfr acti
ons ofa
second ( such as forsel f
-dr
ivi
ng car s)requir
e 5G networ ks t o enl
i
st
automat i
onwi thMLandev entual
lydeepl earni
ngandar t
if
icialintel
li
gence
(AI
).Aut omated provisi
on and pr oacti
ve managementoft raffi
c and
servi
ces wi llreduce infr
astr
ucture costand enhance t he connect ed
experience.
Whilethe opportunit
ies and advantages of5G t echnology are
cert
ainl
ypromisi
ng,i
tsdepl oymentcomeswi t
hchall
enges.Someoft hese
chall
engesare;
Spectrum all
ocati
on,Spectr
um costs,
Lackofinfrastr
ucture,
Costofi ncr
easednet workdensity
,Dy namicnetworkshar i
ngandmor e
(Ashi
kurRahman,SalsabilArabi
andRaqeebi rRab,
2021).
Spectr
um allocation,i
nordert oachi
evehi gherdataratesandmassi ve
networkcapacit
y ,5Grequi
resahighamountofspect r
um.Ther equi
rement
i
ncludesalowf requencybandoflessthan1GHz, amid-
fr
equencyband(in
2.3 -3.5 GHzr ange)foritsmacro cell
s,and a high fr
equencyband
(mmWav ein26-100GHzr ange)f
orit
smi cr
ocells.
Spectrum costs,anotherconcer
ni sspectr
um pri
ces.Arecentstudyshows
thatspectrum pricesindev el
opingcount r
iesar
e,onav erage,morethan
threet i
meshi gherthant hatofdev el
opedcountri
es.Thus,t hecostof
spectrum coul
dbeamaj orfact
ort hatwil
lmakeadi f
fer
encei n5Groll
-out
from countryt
ocount ry.
Lackofi nf rastr
uctures,Accesst oi nfrastructurei sone oft he cr
it
ical
aspectst o ensur e 5G cov erage and capaci t
y .I nf
rast
ructur
ei ncl
udes
towers,antennaandmor et ohostbasest ationsandaccessor iesneeded
fortheiri
nter -
connectivi
ty.5Goper at
orsconsi derf iberconnecti
vi
tyasan
i
mpor tantf actorf orthe back-haulpor ti
on oft he networkt o achi
ev e
massive capaci ty.Currentlymostoft he base st ati
ons i
n 4G ar e not
connectedusi ngf i
ber.Dev el
opingopticalfiberi nfrastr
uctur
ei sexpensive
anditcomeswi t
hhi ghmaintenancecostst oo.
Dur i
ngtheimplementati
onof5Gnet workst herewi l
lbechal l
engesbutI
thinktheoppor
tuni
ti
esthatcomesaf t
erwardsisr eal
lygreatbecause5Gi s
expectedtoimproveconnecti
vit
yinunder ser
vedr uralareasandi ncit
ies
wher edemandcanout stri
ptodays4Gt echnology.5Gnet workswi l
lalso
hav eadense,dist
ri
butedaccessarchit
ectureandmov edataprocessing
closertot
heedgeandt heuserstoenabl
ef ast
erdat aprocessi
ng.
I
n shor
t,5G is expected torevol
uti
onize t
he er
a ofadv anced
devel
opmentandbr ingahugei mpr
ovementint hecommunicati
onand
el
ectronicsst
andar
dandpat t
erns.Thesuccessof5G wi l
lbringmany
advantagestothecommuni cati
onworldandmakei tadiff
erentwor l
d
al
together.
REFERENCES.
 ht
tps:
//www.
cisco.
com/
c/en/
us/
sol
uti
ons/
what
-i
s-5G.
html

 Cnbc.
com/
2020/
01/
09/
what
-i
s-5g-
her
es-
what
-i
s-v
eri
zon-
att
-spr
int
-and-
t-
mobi
l
e-of
fer
.ht
ml

 ht
tps:
//www.
t-
mobi
l
e.com/
5G

 www.
qual
comm.
com/
5G

 Hi
l
lnot
es.
ca/
2020/
02/
13/
5g-
technol
ogy
-oppor
tuni
ti
es-
chal
l
enges-
and-
ri
sks/
amp/

 ht
tps:
//www.
scr
ip.
org/
jour
nal
/paper
inf
ormat
ion.
aspx?
paper
id=106943

 ht
tps:
//www.
eri
csson.
com/
en/
5g

 Rahman,A.,Arabi,
S.andRab,R.(2021)Feasi
bil
i
tyandChal
l
engesof5GNet
workDepl
oymenti
n
Least Dev el
oped count r
ies ( LDC). Wi r
eless Sensor Network, 13, 1- 16.
htt
ps:
//doi
.or
g/ 10.
4236/
wsn.2021.
131001