Present simple 1.

Present perfect simple

2. Present perfect continuous
Form: Form:
(+) S + VB1 / +S/ES (+)1. S + HAVE + VB3/VB-ed
HAS
2. S + HAVE + BEEN +VB-ing
HAS
(-) S + DON’T + VB1 (-)
DOESN’T 1. S + HAVEN’T + VB3/VB-ed
HASN’T
2.S+HAVEN’T+BEEN+VB-ing
HASN’T
(?) DO + S + VB1? (?)1. HAVE + S + VB3/VB-ed?
DOES HAS
2. HAVE+ S + BEEN +VB-ing?
HAS
The use: The use:
- daily routine - uncertain actions
- hobbies = it happened in the past, but we don’t know exactly
- habits when => “at some point in the past”
- general truth - uncertain actions but I know:
- laws of nature - the duration = FOR
- facts and opinions - the starting point = SINCE
- stories - recent finished past action (within 24h) with a
- timetable consequence (a result) in the present
- sport comments - the period is not over yet.
+
TIME CLAUSES = propozitia de = pres. perf. simple focuses on NUMBER of actions
timp = pres. perf. cont. focuses on DURATION of action
I will help you when I have time.
The adverbs: The adverbs:
a) adverbs of frequency: FOR
ALWAYS SINCE
USUALLY ALREADY = deja
OFTEN YET = inca => negative meaning
SOMETIMES JUST = numai ce; tocmai ce
SELDOM SO FAR = pana acum (pana in acest moment)
RARELY BEFORE
OCCASIONALLY EVER => in questions
NEVER NEVER
=> 2ND position RECENTLY
3RD position (aux/modal) HOW LONG
b) final position
EVERY DAY/WEEK/MONTH…
EACH …
ONCE A …
TWICE A …
THREE TIMES A …
A FORTNIGHT
c) IN – ON – AT
in – in the morning
on – on Monday
at – at 10 o’clock