CBSE XII | CHEMISTRY

Board Paper – 2020 Solution

CBSE
Class XII Chemistry
Board Paper – 2020 Solution

SECTION A

1. Atomic radii of halogens are the smallest in their respective periods. The
effective nuclear charge is maximum; hence, the halogens have maximum
negative electron gain enthalpy.

2. Fluorine shows anomalous behavior as compared to the other halogens because

of its small size, high electronegativity and non-availability of d-orbitals in its
valence shell.

3. On moving down the group, bond dissociation enthalpy of H–X decreases;

hence, their reducing character increases.
So, the order would be
HI > HBr > HCl > HF

4. F2 is a stronger oxidising agent than Cl2 because fluorine is more electronegative

than chlorine. It can attract a shared pair of electrons more easily and strongly
than chlorine. It can easily accept the pair of electrons to undergo reduction.

5. In inter-halogen compounds, X is of larger size and X’ is of smaller size.

6. Out of , benzyl chloride will undergo SN1 reaction faster

with OH-than chlorobenzene, since the benzylic carbocation is more stable than
the phenyl carbocation.

7. The IUPAC name of is N-N-dimethyl benzenamine.

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8. A straight chain polysaccharide is composed only of β-D-glucose units which are

joined by glycosidic linkages between C1 of one glucose unit and C4 of the next
glucose unit.

9. Aspartame is the most successful and widely used artificial sweetener. It is used
in cold foods and soft drinks.

10. Polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) polymer is used for making non-stick utensils.

11.
At infinite dilution(C  0),Molar conductivity wouldbehighest .
So according to given equation, Λ=Λ o

12. In an electrochemical process, a salt bridge is used to complete the circuit so

that the current can flow.

13.
According to question,
XY
Rate, r  K[X]a .......(i)
New rate,r '  2r  K[4X]a .......(ii)
Divide equation(ii)by (i)
2r K[4X]a

r K[X]a
2  4a
2  (2)2a
2a  1
1
a
2
1
Order of the reaction withrespect to X is .
2

14. On treatment with AgNO3 , [Cr(H2O)6]Cl3 will form a white precipitate of AgCl
because it will give three chloride ions upon dissociation as follows:
[Cr(H2O)6 ]Cl3 [Cr(H2O)6 ]3  3Cl

15. Copper matte contains Cu2S, FeS and SiO2.

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16.
Ionization of KCl-
KCl  K   Cl
  iCRT,i  2
In case of Glucose, It is not ionised so,
  iCRT,i  1
So,KClis havinghigh osmotic pressure because of its dissociation.
Hence, Option A is correct.

17. Conductivity is directly proportional to the number of ions present in the

solution. So, Assertion is incorrect. The number of ions per unit volume
decreases on dilution; hence, the reason is correct.
Hence, the correct answer is option D.

18. Assertion (A) is correct, but Reason (R) is the wrong statement. The boiling
point of the para-isomer is higher than the ortho-isomer because of
intermolecular bonding in the para-isomer. Hence, they can be separated by
steam distillation.

19. Assertion (A) is wrong, but Reason (R) is the correct statement.
Due to the presence of the C–H bond in aldehydes, aldehydes are easily
oxidised as compared to ketones which lack the C–H bond.

20. In a tetrahedral complex, the d-orbital is splitting too small as compared to an

octahedral complex.
4
For same metal and ligand, t  
9 o
Hence, the orbital splitting energies are not enough to force pairing. As a
result, low-spin tetrahedral complexes are rarely observed.
So Option A is correct.

21.
(a) Gold is treated with a dilute solution of NaCN, while a current of air is
continuously passed. Gold gets oxidised to a complex.
4Au  8NaCN  2H2O  O2  4Na[Au(CN)2 ]  KOH
(b) CO acts as a reducing agent in the extraction of iron from iron oxide. The
reaction is given as follows:
Fe2O3  3CO  2Fe  3CO2
OR

In case of low-grade copper ores, leaching is carried out using acid or bacteria
in the presence of air. In this process, copper goes into solution as Cu+2 ions.

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1
Cu(s)  2H (aq)  O  Cu2 (aq)  2H2 O(l)
2 2
The resulting solution is treated with scrap iron or H2 to get metallic copper.
Cu2(aq)  H2 (g)  Cu(s)  2H (aq)

22. According to Raoult’s law, for a solution of volatile liquids, the partial vapour
pressure of each component in the solution is directly proportional to its mole
fraction.
Thus, if there is a solution of two liquid components 1 and 2,
For component 1,p1  X1
For component 2,p2  X2
Where p1,p2 are partial vapour pressure of two components.
and X1, X2 are mole fractions of two components.

23.

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24. Adsorption is defined as the phenomenon of higher concentration of the

molecular species (gases or liquids) on the surface of the solid than the bulk.
Example: In humid weather, silica gel helps in absorbing water vapour from the
air.
Heterogeneous catalysis usually involves gaseous reactants and a solid catalyst.
Due to physiorption or chemisorption, the reactant molecules are absorbed on
the surface of the solid catalyst. This increases the reactant concentration on
the catalyst surface and produces active sites which increase the rate of
reaction. The product molecules with no affinity for the adsorbent desorb and
the catalyst surface becomes free for adsorption of other catalyst molecules.
OR
The random zig-zag motion of a particle observed under a high-power ultra-
microscope is known as Brownian movement.
The zig-zag motion is due to the constant collisions of dispersed phase particles
of the colloidal solution by the molecules of the dispersion medium. This
movement opposes the force of gravity on the colloidal particles. As a result,
these particles always remain in a state of motion and do not settle and thus
are stable.

25.
(i) Organic Bakelite is obtained by the condensation reaction of phenol with
formaldehyde in the presence of either an acid or a base catalyst.
Monomers: Phenol (Ph-OH) and formaldehyde (HCHO)

(ii) Nylon 6, 6 is prepared by the condensation polymerisation of

hexamethylenediamine with adipic acid under high pressure and at high
temperature.
Monomers: nHOOC(CH2)4COOH and nH2N(CH2)6NH2

26. The metal–carbon bond in a metal carbonyl has both  and  character.
Basically, the M-C  bond is generated due to the donation of a lone pair of
electrons on the carbonyl carbon into a vacant orbital of the metal. Whereas
the M-C  bond is formed due to the donation of a pair of electrons from a
filled d-orbital of a metal into the vacant anti-bonding  * orbital of carbon
monoxide. As a result, this metal to ligand bonding leads to a synergic effect
which strengthens the bond between CO and the metal.

27. Antiseptics and disinfectants are effective against microorganisms. Antiseptics

are applied to living tissues such as wounds, cuts, ulcers and diseased skin
surfaces, while disinfectants are applied to inanimate objects such as floors,
drainage systems, instruments etc. Disinfectants are harmful to living tissues.

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Phenol can be used as an antiseptic as well as a disinfectant. A 0.2% solution of

phenol is used as an antiseptic, while a 1% solution of phenol is used as a
disinfectant.

28.

29.
Tf  i  K f  m ..........(1)
o
Tf  (T  Tf )
f

Tf  [0  (0.068)] oC  0.068 oC

Now, from equation(1)
Tf 0.068 0.068
i    3.65
K f  m 1.86  0.01 0.0186
i 1
 ................(2)
n1
AlCl3  Al3  3Cl
i  1 3.65  1 2.65
    0.883
n 1 4 1 3
Therefore, the percent dissociation=0.883  100  88.3%

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30.

(a) Polysaccharides: These are polymeric carbohydrate molecules composed of

long chains of monosaccharide units bound together by glycosidic linkages.
(b) Denatured protein: When the normal environment of a living protein
molecule is changed even slightly, such as by a change in pH or in
temperature, the hydrogen bonds get disturbed and break. When attractions
between and within protein molecules are destroyed, the chains separate
from each other, globules unfold and helices uncoil. This is called
denaturation of proteins.
(c) Fibrous protein: These are water-insoluble animal proteins, e.g. collagen
(major protein of connective tissues), elastin (protein of arteries and elastic
tissues) and keratin (protein of hair, wool and nails) are good examples of
fibrous proteins. Molecules of fibrous proteins are generally long and thread-
like.

31.
According to Faraday's first law-
EI t
W
96500
63.5
As 2 g of Cuis depositedhence, W=2g,E of Cuis , Iis 2A
2
2×96500
=t
63.5
×2
2
t  3039 sec  50.65min
According to 2ndFaraday law:
Weight of Zn deposited Weight of Cu deposited
=
Equivalent weight of Zn Equivalent weight of Cu
x 2

32.5 31.75
Weight of Zn deposited wouldbe 2.047 g.

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32.
Lyophilic Colloids
These are solvent attracting.
These are formed by simply mixing
substances like gelatin, starch, rubber
etc. with a suitable liquid (dispersion
medium).
Lyophobic Colloids
These are solvent repelling.
These colloids are formed by
substances like metals and metal
sulphides.

These are quite stable and cannot be
easily coagulated.
These are called reversible sols.
Examples: Starch, gelatin, RBC, egg
albumin
These are unstable and can be easily
coagulated.
These are called irreversible sols.
Examples: Starch in water, rubber in
benzene, cellulose acetate in acetone

OR

(i) The protective colloid is a type of lyophilic (water-loving) colloid which is

used to protect the lyophobic colloids from precipitation in an electrolytic
solution. The common examples of protective colloids are gelatin, casein,
hemoglobin, egg albumin etc.

(ii) The potential difference between the stationary layer of compensating

charges and the diffuse layer (present in the body of the solution) is called
electro-kinetic or zeta potential.

(iii) Substances which are added to stabilise emulsions are called emulsifiers or
emulsifying agents. The function of an emulsifier is to reduce the interfacial
tension between the two liquids forming the emulsion.
Examples: Gum, soap, gelatin, albumin etc.

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33.

OR

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34.

i. Gabriel synthesis is used for the preparation of primary amines. Phthalimide

on treatment with ethanolic potassium hydroxide forms a potassium salt of
phthalimide, which on heating with alkyl halide, followed by alkaline
hydrolysis produces the corresponding primary amine.

ii. Aromatic primary amines cannot be prepared by this method because aryl
halides do not undergo nucleophilic substitution with potassium phthalimide.

iii. Aliphatic amines are stronger bases than ammonia.

The basicity of amines depends on the +I effects of the alkyl group.

The presence of the -CH3 group in alkyl amine increases the electron density
on the nitrogen atom and thus increases the basicity.
Hence, aliphatic amines are stronger bases than ammonia.
CH3NH2 > NH3

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35.
(a)
For the first order reaction,
2.303  a 
k log   .........(1)
t a x
25
x a  0.25a
100
2.303  a 
k log  
40  a  0.25a 
2.303  a 
k log  
40  0.75a 
2.303 4
k log  
40 3
2.303
k (log 4  log3)
40
2.303
k (0.6024  0.4771)
40
k  7.081  103 min1

After u sin g equation(1)

2.303 a
t 3
log
7.096  10 ax
2.303 a
t 3
log
7.096  10 a  0.8a
2.303 1
t 3
log
7.096  10 0.2
2.303
t log5
7.096  103
2.303
t  0.6991
7.096  103
t  226.89 min

(b) Order of a reaction is the sum of the powers of the concentration of the
reactants in the rate law expression of a chemical reaction. When a bimolecular
follows the first-order reaction, it happens when one of the reacting species is
present in excess. Example: Inversion of cane sugar

H
C12H22O11  H2O  C6H12O6  C6H12O6
Glu cos e Fructose

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OR

(a)

a
2.303log  kt
ax
50
At 300K, x  a  0.5a, t  30 minutes
100
a
2.303log  k1
a  0.5a

At 320K,50% of the reaction completes

50
So x  a  0.5a, t  10 minutes
100
2.303  a 
log    k2
10  a  0.5a 
2.303  a 
log  
k2 10  a  0.5a   30

k1 2.303  a  10
log  
30  a  0.5a 
k2 Ea 1 1 
log    
k1 2.303R  T1 T2 
Ea  1 1 
log3  

2.303  8.314  300 320 
Ea  320  300 
0.4771 
19.14  300  320 
Ea  43832.1312 J / mol
Ea  43.832 KJ / mol

(b) For effective collision, the molecules must possess sufficient kinetic energy (also
called threshold energy) and proper orientation.

(c) For complex reactions, molecularity is given for elementary steps. Molecularity
of the slowest step is the same as the order of reaction. In a complex reaction,
the order of the reaction is given by the slowest step.

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36. (a)

(i) Transition elements show catalytic properties because they provide a

suitable large surface area on which reactants may be absorbed and
therefore come closer to one another for the reaction. They have vacant
orbitals as well and show variable oxidation states.

(ii) Separation of lanthanides is difficult because they show almost similar

atomic size due to lanthanoid contraction.

(iii) Zn, Cd and Hg are soft and have low melting point because they have
no metallic unpaired electrons in their neutral and most stable oxidation
states and due to which metallic bonding is weaker.

(b)

(i) 2Na2CrO4  H2SO4  Na2Cr2O7  Na2SO4  H2O

(ii)
heat
2MnO2  2KOH  2KNO2   2K2MnO4  2H2O
Or
MnO2  2KOH  KNO3  K2MnO4  KNO2  H2O

OR

(a)
(i)
Number of unpaired electrons in Ti3+ = 1
Number of unpaired electrons in Sc3+ = 0
Sc3+ is colourless.

(ii)
Cr2+ is a stronger reducing agent, as on oxidation, it becomes Cr3+. In Cr3+,
three electrons are present in the t2g level. Hence, the t2g level is half-filled
which makes Cr3+. Hence, the t2g level is half-filled which makes Cr3+
extremely stable.

(b)
(i) They both show +3 as the most common oxidation state.
(ii) They both show contraction of radii.

(c) 3MnO42  4H  2MnO4  MnO2  2H2O

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37.
(a)

(b)
(i)
CH3  CH  CH  CO  CH3 and CH3  CH2  CO  CH  CH2
These compounds can be distinguished with the help of the iodoform test.
The first compound has a methyl ketonic group, which on treatment with
I2, NaOH gives a positive iodoform test, whereas the second compound
does not.

CH3-CH=CH-CO-CH3 + I2 + NaOH → CH3-CH=CH-CO-ONa + CHI3

CH3-CH2-CO-CH=CH2 + I2 + NaOH → No reaction

(ii) Benzaldehyde and benzoic acid

Sodium bicarbonate is used to detect acid as a functional group; therefore,

when benzoic acid is treated with sodium bicarbonate, it gives
effervecense of carbon dioxide. Benzaldehyde does not give any reaction
with sodium bicarbonate.

Ph-COOH + NaHCO3 → Ph-COO– Na+ + H2O + CO2

Ph-CHO + NaHCO3 → No reaction
OR

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(a)

(b) The increasing order of their reactivity towards the addition reaction is
as follows:

Reason: The rate of nucleophilic addition increases with a decrease in

steric hindrance.

(c) Structure of 2, 4 DNP derivate of acetaldehyde

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