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أنواع البيئات لزراعة البكتيريا
أنواع البيئات لزراعة البكتيريا
LECTURE NOTES
For Medical Laboratory Students
RESPIRATORY TRACT
ose Swab from nares 1 swab Sterile container or similar Swabs made of calcium alginate may be used.
transport system containing
holding medium
Throat Swab of posterior pharynx, 1 swab Sterile container or similar swab
ulcerations, or areas of specimen collection system
suspected purulence containing holding medium
Sputum Fresh sputum (not saliva) 2 mL Commercially available sputum Cause for rejection: Care must be taken to ensure
collection system or similar that the specimen is sputum and not saliva.
sterile container with screw cap Examination of Gram's stain, with number of
epithelial cells and PMNs noted, can be an
important part of the evaluation process.
Induced sputum specimens should not be
rejected.
Bronchial aspirates Transtracheal aspirate, 1 mL of Sterile aspirate or bronchoscopy Special precautions may be required, depending
bronchoscopy specimen, aspirate or tube, bronchoscopy brush in a on diagnostic considerations (e.g.,
or bronchial aspirate brush in separate sterile container Pneumocystis).
transport
medium
UROGENITAL TRACT
Urine Clean-voided urine specimen 0.5 mL Sterile, leak-proof container with
or urine collected by screw cap or special urine
catheter transfer tube
Urogenital secretions Vaginal or urethral 1 swab or 0.5 Trans-swab containing Amies Vaginal swab samples for "routine
secretions, cervical swabs, mL of fluid transport medium or similar culture" should be discouraged
uterine fluid, prostatic system containing holding whenever possible unless a
fluid, etc. medium for Neisseria particular pathogen is suspected.
gonorrhoeae; modified Todd- For detection of multiple organisms
Hewitt broth for group B (e.g., group B Streptococcus,
Streptococcus surveillance Trichomonas, Chlamydia, or
cultures Candida spp.), 1 swab per test
should be obtained.
Cerebrospinal fluid (lumbar Spinal fluid 1 mL for routine Sterile tube with tight-fitting Do not refrigerate; transfer
puncture) cultures; ≥5 mL for cap to laboratory as soon as
Mycobacterium possible.
Body fluids Aseptically aspirated body fluids 1 mL for routine Sterile tube with tight-fitting For some body fluids (e.g.,
cultures cap. Specimen may be left in peritoneal lavage samples),
syringe used for collection if increased volumes are
the syringe is capped before helpful for isolation of
transport. small numbers of bacteria.
Biopsy and aspirated Tissue removed at surgery, 1 mL of fluid or a 1-g Sterile " container "-type swab Accurate identification of
materials bone, anticoagulated bone piece of tissue or similar transport system specimen and source is
marrow, biopsy samples, or containing holding medium. critical. Enough tissue
other specimens from normally Sterile bottle or jar should be should be collected for
sterile areas used for tissue specimens. both microbiologic and
histopathologic
evaluations.
Wounds Purulent material or abscess 2 swabs or 0.5 mL of Culture swab or similar Collection: Abscess contents
contents obtained from wound aspirated pus transport system or sterile or other fluids should be
or abscess without tube with tight-fitting screw collected in a syringe (see
contamination by normal cap. For simultaneous above) when possible to
microflora anaerobic cultures, send provide an adequate
specimen in anaerobic sample volume and an
transport device or closed anaerobic environment.
syringe.
SPECIAL RECOMMENDATIONS
ungi Specimen types listed 1 mL or as specified Sterile, leak-proof Collection: Specimen should be
above may be used. above for individual container with tight- transported to microbiology laboratory
When urine or listing of specimens. fitting cap within 1 h of collection. Contamination
sputum is cultured Large volumes may with normal flora from skin, rectum,
for fungi, a first be useful for urinary vaginal tract, or other body surfaces
morning specimen is fungi. should be avoided.
usually preferred.
Mycobacterium (acid-fast bacilli) Sputum, tissue, urine, 10 mL of fluid or Sterile container with Detection of Mycobacterium spp. is
body fluids small piece of tight-fitting cap improved by use of concentration
tissue. Swabs techniques. Smears and cultures of
should not be used. pleural, peritoneal, and pericardial
fluids often have low yields. Multiple
cultures from the same patient are
encouraged. Culturing in liquid media
shortens the time to detection.