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Unit 1 - Sociology by Jonathan Blundell

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Unit 1 - Sociology by Jonathan Blundell

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Unit not 1: Research Methods Sociology by Jonathan Blundell

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\ jt) CAMBRIDGE Jonathan Blundell ee Focus group: > (rou boul? # paricular toon he focus special type ol group interview: Group interviews 2) oe snvolvng a group interviewed sopetives romps and group interviews, They a 0 several way at the interviewee says by ashing new 1, rather than the interviewer, see Atypical rviews the interviewer has only a brief set of prompts. The aim isto get the interviewee to talk freely and the interviewer will try not to say very much except for encouraging the interviewee or probing a bit deeper at times. In semi-structured interviews the interviewer has an interview guide, that is, list of questions or fairly specific topics to be covered. The order of questions may vary and questions not in the guide may be asked, but all the questions in the guid will be used with a fairly similar wording While it is useful to identify different types of interview, in reality many interviews contain both types of approach. Unstructured and semi-structured interviews are extreme types of interview research but most interviews are close to one type or another. Both types are flexible and clearly different from structured interviews, where there is no flexibility Some guidelines for good interviews Interviewing is a skill. Good interviewers have to be flexible and good listene knowing when to intervene and when not to. They may be able to strike up Scanned with CamScannerUnit 1: Theory and Methods rapport with the interviewee, which will lead to rich, detailed and valid responses, They are likely to try to do the following things. = Make the interviewee feel comfortable with the research situation, reassuring them, about the purpose of the interview and that their anonymity and confidentiality will be preserved. = Create a certain amount of order, so the questions flow reasonably wel (but the order can be altered in the interview) m= Make sure the language used is understandable and relevant. = Avoid leading questions or questions that make assumptions. = Keep a fact sheet record, including the interviewee's name, age and gender to contextualise people's answers. 1m Make sure the interview takes place in a quiet and private setting so that the interviewee feels at ease and able to talk freely and so that what they say can be heard (including on a recording). Use a good quality recording machine and microphone. itis always good to record and transcribe interviews whenever possible (remembering respondents have the right to refuse to speak into the microphone) because it helps correct. the natural limitations of the interviewer's memory and it allows them to ‘examine thoroughly what people say. The data can then be looked at again and Used by others. However, recording and transcribing is time consuming - the usual estimate is that transcribing takes about five or six times as long as the interview itself. ‘Some types of questions used in interviews m Introductory questions such as, ‘Can you tell me about ...? Have you ever...” = Follow-up questions to get the interviewee to elaborate, such as, ‘What do you mean by...?Youmentioned....?” = Probing questions, such as, ‘Could you say a bit more about. Specifying questions asking for detail or elaboration, such as, ‘What did you do then?” Indirect questions. For example, ‘Why do many people feel that ...?"is probably a roundabout way of asking‘Do you feel that...” Silence, so that interviewees can reflect on and amplify an answer. Interpreting questions such as, ‘Do you mean that....?” Focus group interviews Focus group interviews are a particular kind of group interview. While some group interviews simply consist of a number of respondents who are interviewed together to save time and money, focus group interviews are about one particular topic. They ‘were first used in market research but are now being used more often in sociology. ‘The researcher will have an interview guide with different types of questions. Focus groups enable researchers to find out not just what individuals say but what they say as members of a group and how they respond to the views of others. This is closer to real social life than individual interviews, because we form our opinions through being aware of the views of others and through discussion with others, rather than on our own. Scanned with CamScanner

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