CHAPTER – 5

video
Amir Ibrahim
JUNE 2021
 Video
➢ Video is a collection of bit-mapped still images (called frames) that are
taken one after the other.
➢ When the file is played, these pictures are shown in quick succession to
give the impression of a moving image.
➢ The number of frames is called the frame rate and this is measured in FPS
(Frames per Second). The standard rate is 25 FPS.

Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3 Frame 4 Frame 5 Frame 6 Frame 7 Frame 8

Frame 9 Frame 10 Frame 11 Frame 12 Frame 13 Frame 14 Frame 15 Frame 16

 Video
➢ The bit-rate is the number of bits that are sent in one second when
transmitting a video file.
➢ If the data cannot be sent quickly enough then the video will not be able to
display in real-time.
➢ The resolution is the number of pixels in a given area, measured in dpi.
➢ The size of code used to represent the colour of each pixel in a frame will
also affect the file size and picture quality. As with still images this is
called the bit-depth or colour depth.
Calculating video file size

 The physical size of the image.

 The resolution.
 The bit (colour) depth.
 The frame rate.
 The length of the video.
 Calculating video file size
 The file size of a video clip can be calculated as follows:
1. No. of pixels in a single frame =
(Height in pixels) x (width in pixels)
2. Storage for a single frame =
(No. of pixels) x (bit depth)
3. Storage for 1 sec =
(size of single frame) x (frame rate)
4. Total size =
(Size for 1 second) x (duration of clip)
 Calculating video file size

 Example

➢ What is the uncompressed file size of a 30 second video clip,

taken at 25 frames per second(fps). The resolution is 640 x
480 and the video was shot in 24-bit colour.
 Calculating video file size
 Solution
 Frame size = 640 x 480 x 24 = 921600 bytes
 1 second clip = 921600 x 25 = 23040000bytes = 22500kB
 30 second clip = 22500 x 30 =
675000 kB = 659.2MB

 This is a very large file and only just fits on a CD-RW. This is why
most video is compressed.
 Compression/Decompression(Codec)
 Compression / Decompression
 Codec is an algorithm, or specialized computer program, that reduces
the number of bytes consumed by large files and programs.
 Compression －can reduce the amount of data needed to reproduce
video. It can save storage space, increase access speed.
 The contents of a compresses video file cannot be displayed without the
appropriate Codec installed

Compression Decompression
Original video Compressed video Decompressed
（ large ） file video file

The idea of video compression and decompression

 Compression/Decompression(Codec)
 Video codecs can be broadly split into two types:
✔ Frame-based codecs : compression takes place on each individual
frames of a video
✔ Temporal (or field-based) codecs: compression applies on a series of
frames , it takes advantages of areas of the image remain unchanged
from frame to frame.
 Container formats
 Here’s the big confusion: Quicktime, AVI and Flash Video are not
codecs!
 These are ‘container’ formats.
 This basically means that they contain codec compressed video and
audio in one easy to play file.
Compression/Decompression(Codec)
Compression/Decompression(Codec)
END of Chapter - 5