Cnaineering Mathematics-

(3-5) Successive Difterentlation

Proof: Since k* = ex log k =

ewhere a =log k
y=e sin (bx +c) yn =
"ea" sin (bx +C+nd)
Yn" K sin
(bx +C+no) :e=k]
where, r=
va b ylog k? b?
+ =
+

and = tan = tan b_

12) If y= k" cos (bx+ c) then
log k

|Yn =r" k cos (bx +C+n®)

wherer (log k) +b and =
tan
You can prove it as above. logk
Vote.D

1. If y= u+ Vor y= U- vwe
can obtain in certain
cases y,= U+ V or
= U Vn by using the above standard
results. However, to put the given
unction as the sum or difference, sometimes we have to
he given functions as illustrated below. rearrange or simplityY
2. The above proofs are not
rigorous. For rigorous proofs we have to
Ise the method of mathematical induction.

ype I:n Derivative of Algebraic Functions

given algebraic function can be expressed in terms of Linear Partial
lf a
ractions its n" derivative can be
obtained by using the result (3).
Example 1: Find thenh derivative of -

.
X
(S.U. 2011)
(x+15
Sol.: We can write the
given expression as
y X (x+1)-1
(x+1 (x+1
1 1
(x+1 (x+1
Now, we use 1 () of page 3-1.
For the first term, we
put a 1, b=1, m= 4 and for the second term we
put a 1, b= 1 and 5.
m=
1
Yn=(-1)
Yn=-1 (7+3)! -1)"
(0+4) 1
3 x+ 11+
4 (x+ 1)+5
 (3-6)
ngineertng Mathematics.1
ccesslve Dte
Engineerlng Math
,ind
findyy (3-7) Successive Differentiatlon

Example 2:
lfy=,
(X+1 (x+1)-1
y 1
Sol.:Wehave
(x+1
in the
result
(x+
(1a)
1
1 1
By result (3). we get,
m= 3, 4
Putting
Putting
3.45 6..0 ).F74.5. 6 Yn (-1 n! 1
2 1
(x+ 1)+33 X+ 1n (x-1)1 (x-2* (x-3)
(n+2 -1 (n+3)!
(-1
2(x+1+3 6(x + 1)*4 Example 5:Find the n" derivative (S.U. 1988, 98)
ot+2)(2x + 3)
(-1 (n+23-n+3-1) (n+ We have
S o l . : Wee to
express the given
expression in terms of partial fractions.
degree of numerator is equal to the
6(x+ 1)+3 (x+1)J 6(x+4 Sx) Since the
degree of denominator we first
he numerator by the denominator and then
fivide the
obtain the partial fractions.
2
" derivative of. y- 9

Example 3:Find
the n (x -1)(x2)(x-3) x+2)(2x
+2)(2x+ 3) 2 x+2 2(2x+3)
Using the result (3), we get,
b (S.U. 1991, 4-1 n, 9(-1" nl 2"
Yn
Sol:Lety-1r-2) -3)-1)
"-2* X -
n(x4+2* 2(2x+3)n*1
x=a(r-2) (x-3))+b(x-1) (x-3)+ (x-1) (x-2)
Example 6: Find the n derivative of (S.U. 1989))
1 a(-1) (-2) a = 1/2
Putting x= 1, b-2 A B
2=b(1) (-1)
Puting x=2, Sol.: Let y=
+ (+ai) (x-a)
3= c(2) (1) C 3/2
Puttingx= 3; . x=A (X- ai) + B (x+ ai)
1.-2 2x-3 Putting x= ai, ai B 2ai B 1/2
Putting x=- ai, ai A(-2ai) A=1/2
By result (3), we get
1.-1 n-2. -1 n! 3.-1 n!
Yn2
Y
(-17*1 (x-2* 2 (x-33)+1
2 1 1
Yn =-1 n 1 By result (3). we get. Y»2na)(-a"
Yn
=-1n2 (x-1) (x-2)*' 2
(x-31
1
Example 7: lf y=-1+ X+x+ find Yr
x°. nd Yr
2
Example 4: Findthe n derivative of
(x-1)(x 2)(x
-

-3) Sol.: Let y=. a +

Sol.:Let
2 b C
(1+ X)(1+2) 1+x x+i x-i
Let(x-1)x -2)(x -3) (x-1) (x-2) (x-3) .1 a (x+ i)(x-i)+b(1+*)(x-i)+c(1 +) (X+i)
2 a(x-2) (x-3)+ b (x-1) (x-3) + c(x- 1) (x-2) Putting x=-1, 1 a(-1+i)(-1-i) =a (1 -i)=2a
Putting x= 1, 2= a(-1) (-2) 'a=1 . a =1/2
Putting x= 2, 2=b(1)(-1) b=-2 Putting x=i, 1 c(1+ i) 2i, C= 1/[2 (1 +i) i]
Putting x= 3, 2= c(2) (1) C 1 1 1
C
2i(1+) 2 i-1 is
 BrngineeringMahematlcs-

Successlve
Puting- 4
1b(1-i)(-2i),
7 5 D ( - ) : - 2 / ) .
. b 1\F2)1- Engineering Mathematlce-
(3-9) Succesve Differentiation

: D=-
Ifv= Vn (n+ 1)! -(1
(x-1 =

By (1a)
1,. *1.1 (x-1+2
2 X-i I fw = 1
F*nl! (1
x+2 W, =

(3), we get (x+2 By (3)1

By result
-1 n 1 + 1 . _1
+1 5.-1-n!,
(x-17 1,-1.(n
1
-1n2 +1)!, -1-n
+4,.E1.n
4 3
Yn 2 (1+ x) (x+ +1 4 (x- -1 9 (x+2y+
Yn=
=1Y.n 5 3(n+1) 4
8x 9
find yn x-1 1*1 (x-1*2 (x+2
Example8Uy3-2x-4x+8
8x 8x SU.200 Example 10 Prove that the value of nth
3/ (x-1) for x = 0 is 0 if n is even and - nl if n isdifferential coefficient
odd and greater
of
than 1.
Sol.: We havey -2x-4x +8. (x-2)(x-4) (S.U. 2002)
8x Sol.: We have
(x-2(x +2)
x-2 (x-2?
4 1
x+2 By partial fractions y*F-**
nl(1y"
y=x [ By partial fractions)
. u 2 [ By (3)
(x-2)n+1 Yn 2-1* (x+1*"
By(3)
If v=
1
V.=-1
Vn (n+1)!(1) By (1a)
(x-2 (x-22
Putting x = 0, y,0)=1"n 1
If W =- 1 wn=1n!(1)?
n
2-1
+2 When n is even, (n + 1) is odd,
(x+2)"
Yn
(x-2
+4.Fn+1)!(-1)
(x-2)*2 (x+2
Ya0) 2 -11-0
When n is odd, (n + 1) is even,

Example 9: Find the nth derivative of x2

ynl0)= 1+1]= -n!
X-1) (x+2)
Sol.: Let x2
C
-1F
X*s (42x-1-1x+2 Example 11:If y =xog Provethat
a(x-1) (x+2) + b(x+2) + c(x-1) X+n
Putting x= 1, we get 1 yn =(-1-n-2
-2)!-n.x
(S.U. 1997)
Putting X=-2, we get b3 b=1/3 - (x+1
4 C9 Sol.: We have y= x log (x- 1)-x log (x + 1)
Putting x 0, we get
=
C= 4/9
0-2a+2b +c a= 5/9
Y log(x-1)- log(x+1)

.Ifu=
y'-13 (x-1 4. 1 log(x-1)-
-log(x+1)+
x+1

X-1
-

Xx +1

X-1 . 1 n ! (1? [By(3)

x-1T
gineeng Mathematcs1 ccesslv

-kog(x+1)
+ -1)+1
1)1
X-1
x 1)-1 terert h Engnertng Mathematics
(3-11) Succesive Differentiatlon
log(-1) X+1
1+1
-11
(2) -1"nt 1
1
1)+
- l o g ( x - 1 ) - l o g ( x +
x-1
X+1 4a (x-a) (x+a"+'
(3-3),
and by (3) page
(3-2)
(Changing nto n- -1 nt 1
8y (4)
page
n eah 4ai 1
case), we -(n2(-1)(n-
get 2) x- a1* (x+ ai
6
(3) Y x" +3x+7+ 1
(-1)-1 (x+1) (x-2) (x -1)
(-1(n-1)!, "(n-1) Yn-(-1'n 16
,
(x+1) T(x-2 for n2 3
(x-1)"
(x-1'
1
-1)(n (4)
-1 n 1 1
4 (14 x*
-1(n-2-1(x+1)"-1(x-1 (x+1
0 (1-x
X+1 -n+1
n +1 n+1 --1" n 1 1
4i - i
-19*n-2) x-1 (x+ 1" -1 (x+ 1 2n+1
(5)(-1 n! 3+1
y=-1(-(-1 (x+1° (2x-1 (3x -1
EXERCISE I (6) (-1 (x-2T+
2
(x+2+1
of 1 2
Find the n derivatives (7)(-1
() n! 3

S3. (x-1)(x-2)
2x-1 (x-2 2(x-31
(-1" nl2"-1"(n+1
(S.U. 1994, 2004, 07) (8(2x+3*1 (x 1+2
1 X+1 91 n 1
1
1-x 6R-5X+1 -4
(S.U. 1986)
2 (x+3/* (x-3/*1

(10) (-1"n 2 9.2

X +4 X 10 (x1* (2x+3/
9 9
6R+11x-6
(S.U. 1985)
(2x+3)(x 1?
(11)
4
2
(1-2x
(2)
(1+2x
X X

0-1)2x+3) 11.4 12 (x+1) s5a1(n+3)

14) 4!(x+1 (4x-n)
(S.U. 1998, 2006) (S.U. 2001)
4x n! 2(n+1)! nl
13. 9(13)(-1
14 W+4x +1 L(x-1)*1 (x-1*2 (x+1*
(x-1 (x+1) (3x 2)(x -3
15.
18.
(S.U. 2001) xs+ 2x-x -2 9 1
1
(S.U. 2012) (14) y'3x-2 49-3 7
Ans.:
Ans: (1)1"'n!1
3) (x -

1 9.Hn!.33.-1"-n1,-1-(n+1)
2
a+a x- a* Yn
49 49 7
(3x-2)+1
(x-3+1 (x -3"2