Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Lazarus Jan20 VerA 0
Lazarus Jan20 VerA 0
January 2006
TITLE
The Lazarus Effect
The Christian Bible contains a well know story of how Jesus brings a man
named Lazarus back from the deadÖ in Western literature this story is often
a reference when someone or something thought lost is resurrected.
Jesus, once more deeply moved, came to the tomb. It was a cave with a stone
laid across the entranceÖ "Take away the stone," he saidÖ When he had
said this, Jesus called in a loud voice, "Lazarus, come out!" The dead man
came outÖ
Bible, New International Version by the International Bible Society Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984, (John 11,
selection from verses 38 to 44)
Woodcut by Julius Schnoor von Carolsfeld, originally
printed in Das Buch der B¸ cher in Bilden.
World Missions Collection Clip Art -- Volume 1, Part C
www.wels.net/wmc/ Downloads/202.gif
COVER
c (left c ) The Independent Rubber Co. in Merritton (now part of St. Catharines) c.1900;
(centre d) The old mill as it appeared c.1995;
e (right e) The KEG Restaurant in 2005
d
Foreword
Suite 204, 10 Adelaide St. E.
Toronto, ON M5C 1J3
416.367.8075
aco@on.aibn.com
surprising and humbling reality. Our developer friends are
Lazarus Effect, the title for this research paper, is apropos in indeed our friends, and we must work very hard to bring about
so many ways that the analogies flow freely. Since becoming professional alliances where we can work collectively to set the
interested in both the plight of heritage preservation in the bar a little higher for conservation of built heritage in this
province and the success of many building renovation projects, province.
I have often been outraged by the stock phrase of those
opposing historic conservation, that it simply is ì too expensive This research is the second paper that Dr. Shipley has prepared
an endeavour to be taken seriously.î I am probably no less for the Architectural Conservancy of Ontario through the
outraged than most of the interested parties who will read this generous support of the Trillium Foundation. This research is
report. Most of the collective response from conservationists vital to our cause, and I encourage its wide distribution to aid
has always been ëhogwash!í Unfortunately, the people heritage in the dissemination of the fact we all instinctively know ñ that
proponents must convince, a group that represents the largest conservation and adaptive re-use of our built environment re-
faction of built heritage owners, are not amused by hearsay, or energizes our communities and our lives within them.
by merely touring through local successful renovation projects,
intriguing as they might be.
Dr. Shipley and his team provide thorough evidence and
solid research in this document to prove, conclusively, that in
its major centres and even in rural Ontario, preservation of Scott Valens
built heritage can be, and is, economically competitive. The President
evidence and the research does, however, come up with a Architectural Conservancy of Ontario
NOTE: On April 18, 2005, a few days after the research for this report was completed, the Legislature at Queenís Park passed Bill
60, which amended the Ontario Heritage Act. Among the new provisions under the heritage legislation is the power that will
enable municipalities to permanently prevent the demolition of designated structures. This will make the subject and findings
of this report even more significant. There will now be a measure of stability for investors and building owners. They will
know that certain buildings must be maintained. This should provide more opportunity for genuine heritage development.
Acknowledgements
municipalities of Kingston, Ottawa, Markham, and Niagara-on-
This project was carried out under the direction of Professor the-Lake, are worthy of special credit for the contact lists that
Robert Shipley, the Director of the Heritage Resources Centre they provided. This project could not have proceeded as
(HRC) at the University of Waterloo (UW). Much of the smoothly without their assistance.
research and writing were accomplished by Michael Parsons,
an undergraduate student, and Stephen Utz a masterís student ñ Furthermore, the writers would like to thank all of those
both in the UW School of Planning Program. individuals who took the time to complete either the
questionnaires or an interview, from which the bulk of the
This research endeavour represented a joint project research was derived. Further recognition for these important
between the Heritage Resources Centre and the Architectural individuals is noted in the list of Study Participants (Appendix
Conservancy of Ontario (ACO). The HRC staff members are B) at the conclusion of this report.
particularly grateful to ACO Manager Rollo Myers, President
Scott Valens, Vice-President Catherine Naismith, Past- We would be remiss if we did not make mention of the
President Chris Borgal, and former President Patricia Malicki special contribution of Mark Ravelle, Professional Quantity
for all of their time and effort to fund and, in other manners Surveyor and Principal of the BTY Group of St. Catharines,
further assist this undertaking. In addition, thanks are owed to Ontario. Mark provided us with our primary costing numbers
the eleven ACO Branch Presidents for enlisting their members for new build construction, used throughout the report for the
to identify heritage development projects throughout the purposes of comparison.
province. Our most sincere appreciation is owed to Dolly Coelho and
This said, we are especially indebted to Marg Rowell and Selena Santi at the University of Waterloo for their
other members of the North Waterloo Region Branch of the administrative support throughout the course of this project.
ACO for their help in preparing the Ontario Trillium Recognition is deserved as well for Dr. Susan Sykes,
Foundation grant application. Director, and Susanne Santi, Manager of the Office for
Considerable gratitude is owed to Community Heritage Research Ethics at the University of Waterloo for their
Ontario (CHO) and Heather Thomson, liaison to the CHO from thorough and timely approval of our research design.
the Ministry of Culture, for their support in recruiting members Finally, special recognition must go to Nart Stas, a School
of this organization to identify projects and developers for our of Planning masterís student who did much work to help
purposes. prepare the interview guide.
Additionally, Marcus Letourneau, Stuart Lazear, Michael
Seaman and Leah Wallace, Heritage Planners for the
Executive Summary
There is a wide range of heritage development • What was clear, however, was that even when
projects around the province. the cost was greater, developers were generally
• Heritage development means the renovation for rewarded with a high rate of return on investment
continued use or adaptive reuse of older
buildings (generally 50 years or older) Findings
• A sample of 132 projects was identified with the Building Type Small Medium Large
New Residential Projects often $155 $130
help of volunteers private & too
• Only some are capital ì Hî heritage properties Reuse Residential numerous $144 $231
(i.e. designated under the Ontario heritage Act) New Commercial $95 $155 $165
Reuse Commercial $111 $169 $102
Gathering financial data on any development is New Institutional $195 $195 Insufficient
challenging Reuse Institutional $212 $200 data
• Calculations had to be based on a small sample Total cost per square foot to bring property to market.
of 23 projects
• Some of the projects are at the high end of the Barriers to success can be enumerated
market, but by no means all • Uncertainty in financing and difficulty in
• Each project is unique but there is a growing borrowing from banks
cadre of developers specializing in the field • Contradictions between different government
• Some developers said they could complete departments ñ lack of reason in applying the
heritage development projects for less money building code, and unreasonableness in fire and
than new build other regulations
• On average, however, heritage development • Skilled labour shortages
projects were slightly more expensive, but only • Community heritage proponents with no
slightly more appreciation for practical building concerns
The characteristics of success were made clear • Much of the work falls outside the formal
• Having a competent team of specialized heritage process of identification and designation
professionals, architects, engineers and skilled • Improving the formal heritage process in order to
trades is vital provide a measure of certainty, protection and
• Municipalities that are supportive of heritage financial incentives would help stabilize the field
development are having better success • Heritage advocates do not always recognize their
• Grants, tax relief, tax deferral, waiving of fees, allies in the development world
relaxing of requirements and other incentives are • Municipalities receive excellent compensation
part of the model for success in many cases, but for incentives or tax relief granted to heritage
not all developments; this comes in the form of
• Incentives are significant in small and medium increases in property value and local tax
sized cities, but less so in metropolitan assessments
environments
• Long term tenants provide developers with Recommendations
income certainty • Municipalities that want to promote smart
• Flexibility in the use of space can also make growth, re-urbanization, intensification and
renovation viable dynamic places should adopt coherent policies
• The existence of dynamic, risk taking, creative that promote heritage development
developers with a passion for beautiful old • Municipalities should make the rules clear, some
buildings is probably the single most important buildings should be preserved and people who
element redevelop them must be supported and their
investment protected
Conclusions • Building inspection and other regulatory
• Most of the buildings that are being given new functions should be reasonable, flexible, creative
life in Ontario are private sector projects and better coordinated
• There is a healthy and growing business in • Heritage advocates should find and support the
heritage development developers who love older buildings and are
prepared to spend money on them
Table of Contents
1.0. Introduction 1 5.0. Conclusions & Recommendations 23
1.1. The Story of a Building 1 5.1. Conclusions 23
1.2. Birth 1 5.2. Recommendations 25
1.3. Near Death 1 • Bibliography 27
1.4. New Life 2
1.5. This Report 3 • Appendices
A. List of Identified Projects 31
2.0. Background 5 B. Study Participants 35
2.1. Need for Study 5 C. Questionnaire 37
2.2. Purpose 5 D. Excerpts from Provincial Statutes
2.3. Legal Precedents 5 Relating to Municipal Financial Aid 39
2.4. Existing Literature 6 E. Catalogue of Renovated Buildings 43
2.5. Funding and Administration 6
3.0. Methods 7 • List of Tables and Figures
3.1. Data Gathering 7 Table 1. Adaptive Reuse and Renovation
3.2. Data Analysis 7 Projects Identified 7
3.3. Research Challenges 8 Table 2. Cost of New Construction 8
Table 3. Cost Per Square Foot of Renovation
4.0. Interview & Survey Findings 9
Reported in this Survey 12
4.1. Benefits of Older Buildings 9
Table 4. Cost Difference Between Renovation
4.1.1. Special Character 9
and New Building 12
4.1.2. Building Location & Site Advantages 10
Table 5. Available Incentives 13
4.1.3. Return on Investment (new build) 11
4.1.4. Government Incentives 13
4.2. Constraints of Older Building Reuse 15
4.2.1. Uncertainty & Site Remediation 15
4.2.2. Building Code and Parking 17
4.2.3. Heritage Design Requirements 18
4.2.4. Professional Experience and Skills 20
1.0 Introduction drove the shafts and belts that drove the
machines for a range of manufacturing.
shifted and a new industry occupied the
site. The Independent Rubber Company
Merritton, named after the manufactured boots and a boiler and a
1.1. The Story of a Building
mastermind behind the building of the tall chimney were added to the
Perhaps the best way to introduce the canal, was a village at the base of the facilities. By the 1940ís, conditions had
concept of heritage development, Niagara Escarpment, ideally located to changed once more and paper
which involves building renovation and prosper in that era of opportunity. manufacturing replaced rubber.
adaptive reuse, is to follow the Another former cotton mill on an
adjacent site became home to the
adventures of a specific building
Domtar Paper Company, and the
through the story of its life.
former Independent Rubber mill
This is the story of the Merritton became a storage facility.
Cotton Mill in what is now part of St.
Catharines. In an almost mythic tale, 1.3. Near Death
the origins of the factory are said to
have involved capital from the It was while being used as a warehouse
Confederate States during the that disaster struck the complex in the
American Civil War and plots to early 1960ís. Locals who remember
circumvent the U.S. blockade. that night recount that it was youngsters
Before the great fire of the 1960s smoking in the building who set off the
The truth that is more certain is that destroyed the larger part fire. By the time the professional
the completion of the first Welland of the mill firefighters arrived from St. Catharines,
Canal in the 1820ís provided the two many local residents had already
elements necessary for industrial 1.2. Birth gathered. Among them were members
growth. The canal itself allowed the of the old Merritton volunteer fire
cheap movement of raw materials and It is uncertain what the first generation
brigade. This department had recently
finished goods - not only around the of buildings on the
been disbanded when the independent
Great Lakes but indeed to the wider St. Catharines site looked like, but in
town of Merritton was amalgamated
world. At the same time, the pond 1884 a stunning set of red sandstone
into the larger City of St. Catharines.
system and water supply, required to structures rose beside the canal. The
While many of these men knew the
operate the canal, provided hydraulic largest section of this textile mill was a
buildings well and had worked in them,
power as a side benefit. The constant four storey block with impressive
they are said to have refused to help the
water supply drove the turbines that central towers. Beside it was a smaller,
professional firemen since their
two-storey structure. By the turn of the
services had been rejected by the
20th century, market conditions had
1
enlarged city. Fact or tall tale, the result Other factors were at work as well. to protect the mill from the wreckerís
was that by morning only a A group known as the Welland Canals ball. At one stage the company actually
smouldering shell remained of the once Preservation Association had been hired the construction crew of the
beautiful four storey part of the old formed by some energetic citizens who Welland Canals Preservation
mill. The smaller section had survived. had the dream of developing the old Association, who were building the
abandoned canal lands as a linear parks nearby hiking trail, to replace part of
system and historic site. A hiking and the buildingís roof.
biking trail along the old canal passed
close to the old mill and made more 1.4. New Life
and more people aware of the beautiful, All of these things conspired to save
if run down, old structure. The old mill the old Independent Rubber Company
was soon included on inventories of building until the day came that Domtar
historic buildings and several times decided to cease papermaking
became the subject of innovative operations in
design proposals. St. Catharines. The old building may
have then entered its most dangerous
Reconstruction begins about 2001 phase. There was a buyer eager to
What began then was a long, slow acquire the site, flatten the building and
put in a plaza.
decline as the buildingís maintenance
was neglected and time began to show. But a local entrepreneur with
Nevertheless, the building survived for experience in both building restoration
a number of interesting reasons. For and the restaurant business was also
one thing, the Domtar Paper Company eyeing the site. His promise was to try
was well aware that their industrial his best to keep the building and
process was not without impact on the develop it. The City of St. Catharines
neighbourhood. Papermaking is not was also now responding to years of
A new roof and repairs to the chimney
without its unpleasant environmental citizen calls for respecting heritage and
side effects. It was in Domtarís interest Like many old treasures that seeing the cultural as well as economic
to keep the old building on the property survive, however, there are hidden value of older structures.
as a kind of buffer zone between the stories. It is known to only a few that a
plant and the surrounding residential couple of Domtarís local employees A coalition of interested parties
area. Several times they refused to sell were lovers of old buildings and behind came together to pursue ideas for the
the property for re-development. the scenes they may have done things siteís potential reuse. Domtar Paper
2
was anxious to leave the city with a structures are also properties that have
good reputation. The business an economic as well as cultural
development office understood that this dimension.
one interesting building might provide
This report will explore the nature,
a model for the redevelopment of other trends and details about heritage
sites. Those interested in heritage
development as it is unfolding in
conservation were delighted that they Ontario today. We will look at many
were finally being taken seriously. The successes but, of course, building reuse
Mayor worked with all the parties and
does not always work. The old Preston
eventually the project got off the
Hotel in Cambridge has languished for
ground. years after several false starts.
There is nothing easy about this
The KEG in 2005 We will look at the economic
kind of venture. There was ground
realities that exist and consider the
contamination from the various former From the start, the buildingís prospects for the future of our past.
industries that had dumped waste into developer had had his eye on the ideal
the old canals. There were questions of occupant for such a landmark. He
fire safety and structural soundness persisted and eventually he persuaded
relating to the building itself. But The KEG Restaurant to become the
slowly the old mill emerged from tenant. Today, the restaurant is the top
dereliction and decay ñ and reasserted grossing member of the chain in the
itself as the beautiful red sandstone country and both the tenant and the
monument that it is. People could building owner are making a handsome
hardly believe the lustre of the old profit. The cost of bringing the building
stone once it was cleaned. When the into productive use was less than it
years of refuse and brush was cleared would have cost to build new.
from around the walls the building
literally came back to life. That is the The Preston Hotel has yet to be completed
image that gives this report its title ñ 1.5. This Report after several attempts at redevelopment
Lazarus ñ the Biblical figure brought Saving and giving new life to the older .
back to life. buildings that give character and
The transformation, however, was continuity to our communities has
not just architectural. Any building immeasurable social and cultural value.
must have a life and earn its keep. That goes without saying. But these
3
4
2.0 Background premises of choice for the most
dynamic businesses.
issue. As such, the specific purposes of
this report are:
Found primarily in the downtowns of 2.1. Need for Study • To determine as far as possible
our urban centres, older buildings what the characteristics of
This is an important debate for a
represent an important aesthetic, successful renovation projects are
number of reasons. Recently,
cultural and economic resource ñ as in terms of factors such as building
researchers and policy makers have
well as a non-renewable one. type, architectural and marketing
recognized the necessity of having
Yet dozens, and perhaps even more residents in downtowns as a approach, financing and the
hundreds, of historic buildings have catalyst for central business district regulatory environment;
been demolished in Ontario over the revitalization (Bunting 2000). • To analyze and present the findings
past decades because owners, bankers Similarly, the recently adopted concept in a form that will be useful in
and developers have argued that the of Smart Growth has done much to informing debate and decision-
costs of renovating and adapting these spur the redevelopment of brownfield making on specific development
buildings for new uses is too high. sites (Ontario Government, 2005). opportunities and proposals; and
Demolition of the existing buildings • To make recommendations on
It is difficult to balance the desire to future research, public policy and
and replacement with new structures,
preserve older buildings for historical effective citizen involvement.
the story goes, is the only way for
and aesthetic reasons, the need for
investors to make a reasonable profit But perhaps the greatest driving
regeneration and the legitimate
from the use of the subject land. Some factor of all is that Municipal Councils,
requirement of owners and developers
even go as far as asserting that new- the Ontario Municipal Board and other
to make their properties economically
build is always more economical, decision makers are generally presented
viable. Further complicating the matter
renovation universally more expensive. only with the owner/developer/lenderís
is the fact that sometimes these aims
At the same time, a number of are incompatible, while sometimes they cost analysis and are therefore unable
reputable developers, architects and are complementary. to make truly informed judgments. This
investors in Ontario seem to be able to report will attempt to more fairly
complete exciting and profitable 2.2. Purpose balance the arguments on both sides.
projects which feature innovative The need for this study to examine the
building renovation. Many older 2.3. Legal Precedents
costs of heritage development, which
buildings are not only suitable for new consists of building renovation or Developers and municipalities are not
uses but often become key sites in adaptive reuse, stems from the fact that alone in reaching varying opinions on
renewal schemes and can become the a cacophony of information clouds this heritage development. From a legal
standpoint, as George Rust-DíEye
5
(2004) explains, the Courts and the Preservation states, ì the idea that business of adaptive reuse and
Ontario Municipal Board have It is adaptive reuse is universally cost renovation.
alternated between a stance favouring prohibitive is one of the single greatest The excellent review of literature
preservation and supporting demolition. myths in the development world today on the economics of historic restoration
(2002, 7-8).î
As Friends of Eden Mills Inc. v. prepared by Randal Mason for
Eramosa (Township) (1998) found, the Brookings Institution in Washington
argument for demolition of the townís Historic preservation is typically judged to D.C., however, lists 272 works but
be a sound investment. By most accounts, it
bowstring bridge was greater in the appeared after this report was
is more efficient and profitable to preserve a
divisional courtís mind than the case to historic building than to construct a new one.
completed. Mason lists only two
preserve it. Central to this case was the Canadian studies (Shipley, 2002;
Designating a landmark or district as
conclusion that failure to consult with historical typically maintains if not boosts Ashcroft 2002). He concludes that
the local heritage committee (LACAC) much more research needs to be done.
the value of the property, and as an economic
and to follow specific steps found in development tool, historic preservation has It is hoped that this list of readings will
the Ontario Heritage Act did not render proved its worth. Nearly any way the effects
be helpful to those interested in the
the demolition decision null and void. are measured, be they direct or indirect,
field but it is evident that more
historic preservation tends to yield
Conversely, in Toronto College significant benefits to the economy. Canadian work on the practical matters
Street Centre Ltd. and City of Toronto of heritage development is needed.
et al. (1986), the Court of Appeal held Mason, R., (2005). Economics and Historic
that the reasons for designating the
Preservation, Washington D.C.: Brookings 2.5. Administration and Funding
interior of the building under the Institution A review of 272 studies.
This investigation into the myths and
Ontario Heritage Act were plain to see facts surrounding heritage development
and that the Act allowed for a broad What is unfortunate is that architectural represents a joint project between the
interpretation of a heritage designation. conservation groups such as the ACO Heritage Resources Centre (HRC) at
This success story led years later to the seldom have the financial resources to the University of Waterloo and the
opening of the Carlu Centre. hire lawyers to contest decisions about Architectural Conservancy of Ontario
It is interesting to note that in each building demolition. (ACO).
case which appeared before a judicial Funding for the project was
body, the developer has put forward an 2.4. Existing Literature
provided through an Ontario Trillium
economic argument to support The bibliography at the end of this Foundation grant awarded in November
demolition even though this concept report lists 41 books and articles that 2004 to the ACO. Dr. Robert Shipley,
has repeatedly been refuted. As the US relate to heritage development. Only 12 Director of the HRC, was assisted by
National Trust for Historic are Canadian. Only a few explore the students and volunteers.
6
.3.0 Methods project and then sent a questionnaire to
Table 1: Projects Identified
be filled out at the respondentsí
convenience. In some cases Medium:
3.1. Data Gathering Small: Large:
respondents received follow-up calls. 18000-
<18000 >50000
50000
In evaluating the cost of adaptive reuse Approximately 60 questionnaires sq.ft.
sq.ft.
sq.ft.
in Ontario, volunteers from across the were distributed and, in the end, we
province were recruited to assist in the received 24 completed surveys; a
Residential 17 9
collection of data. The volunteers were
recruited through the partner
response rate of roughly 40%. The Commercial 8 19 4
questionnaire was two pages in length
organizations; the Architectural and consisted of 14 questions (see Institutional 10 8
Conservancy of Ontario and Appendix C).
Community Heritage Ontario, through
municipal planning departments, and Over the course of the research, 16
people were interviewed. Seven of the 3.2. Data Analysis
through personal contacts. The
volunteers were asked to provide lists interviews were conducted in person For the purposes of analyzing the data,
of adaptive reuse projects with the while the rest were conducted by each project was categorized by its size
associated contact information of the telephone. Most of the in-person in square feet. The difference between
developer or owner of the projects. interviews were conducted on the small and medium size categories was
heritage development sites, allowing determined by applying the provisions
Over the course of the research, 132 the interviewee to describe the projects of the Ontario Building Code (18,000
projects were identified. For 75 of in detail and provide insight into the sq. ft.). The Large category (greater
these, information about size and key aspects and challenges. than 50,000 sq. ft.) was arrived at in
building type was available (Table 1). consultation with architects. The
A sub-set of 23 of these examples had Each person interviewed for the
research is a player in this emerging information was then placed in a 9 cell
floor space, building type and cost data matrix indicating residential,
available for analysis. Because some of heritage development market. Our list
of candidates was not exclusive, and commercial and institutional type
those providing data requested that we properties in each of the three
maintain anonymity, we are not able to the criteria for conducting an interview
generally came down to that of time categories, small, medium and large
identify specific sources. (Table 3). Two of the cells, small
availability and willingness to be
The research team contacted interviewed. residential and large institutional,
individual developers to describe the remain blank since in the first case
7
most projects are private and too 3.3. Research Challenges skilled labour and other factors vary
numerous while in the latter there was widely even within a single jurisdiction
It was not difficult to find examples of
insufficient data to report. such as Ontario.
heritage development projects from
To the best of our ability we have across Ontario. It was, nevertheless, Notwithstanding these limiting
tried to express the financial data difficult to find people willing to share factors, this study has undertaken to
provided in a common form the detailed financial information that gather as much hard data as possible
representing the total cost per square we wanted in order to compare these within Ontario ñ and to present it in a
foot to complete a project and bring it projects with other property standardized form, in order to allow as
to market. That includes purchase as investments. We are not alone in facing fair a comparison as possible.
well as hard and soft costs and takes this problem. In his analysis of almost Because each of the projects
into account any incentives, such as the 300 studies relating to the economics of surveyed are unique we have
waiving of fees. The average costs per historic preservation, Mason found that, concentrated much of our interpretation
square foot for new development were ì the methods of determining the value on the interviews with developers
provided by Mark Ravelle, a of historic preservation vary widely, which were rich in opinion and
Professional Quantity Surveyor and several challenges persist in informed by a great deal of experience.
working in St. Catharines. They are applying economic methods to the field
estimates for the whole province. (2005).î
Table 2: Cost of New Construction While it is agreed that heritage What is adaptive reuse?
development has economic value, it is
Medium: Old buildings often outlive their
Small: Large: more difficult to determine whether the
18000- original purposes. Adaptive Reuse, or
<18000 >50000 preservation or adaptive reuse of a
50000
sq.ft. sq.ft. particular property is more beneficial Re-use, is a process that adapts
sq.ft.
than an alternative use. Because these buildings for new uses while retaining
their historic features. An old factory
Residential $155 $130 issues are subject to many local
may become an apartment building. A
conditions, studies from other
jurisdictions can be interesting and rundown church may find new life as a
Commercial $95 $155 $165 instructive ñ but their conclusions restaurant... And a restaurant may
cannot simply be applied in another become a church.
Institutional $195 $195 location. Similarly, the market
conditions, land values, availability of About.com, Architecture Glossary ñ What is
Adaptive Reuse?, March 2005
8
4.0 Interview & Often the potential for heritage
development comes from some unique
to accommodate new uses by simply
moving partitions and replacing
Survey Findings quality in the style, construction or entrances.
character of the structure itself. When
A particular advantage of
4.1. Benefits of Older Buildings Toronto developer Harry Stinson had
renovating existing buildings that was
the chance to purchase a building site
explained to us is sequential
near the corner of King and Yonge
4.1.1. Special Character redevelopment. Tenants can be
Streets in downtown Toronto, a site
accommodated in one part of a
ì Fundamentally, builders love that provided the opportunity for multi-
building, providing ongoing income,
buildings.î story tower, he looked at what was next
while other parts of the structure are
door. The former Dominion Bank
- Harry Stinson, March 16, 2005 being remodelled. As well, there can be
headquarters not only had room for
a sequential upgrading of facilities and
Developers interviewed as part of this about 200 condo suites but the grand
the resulting increases in rent. An open
research told us that it is the building old banking halls on the ground floors
space suitable for tenants such as a
itself that usually catches their interest would provide a spectacular entrance to
dance studio or gym, for example,
first. a luxury hotel.
might subsequently be divided into
The process of heritage Not all unique heritage features that separate offices.
development, the refurbishment of might provide character, sales appeal or
As long as the building fabric is
older buildings or their adaptation to convenience need to be so spectacular.
solid and the essentials are there, older
new uses, often begins somewhat Many existing warehouse-type
buildings can become new assets ñ if
differently than other projects. Real buildings simply provide big, open,
there is a good location and potential
estate development usually involves a flexible spaces that can be used in a
occupants. The soundness of the
use in search of a site. In the case of variety of ways. This is the case with
structures as well as their unique and
heritage development the situation is the old Carpet Factory buildings near
interesting features was something we
almost always a site in search of a use. King and Dufferin Streets in the east
heard about often from people in the
end of Toronto. Scott Valens, an
ì You have to have the vision. The field. ì You just canít find buildings
architect and tenant in one of these
ability to see the opportunity where today that are built as well and as
York Heritage Properties buildings,
others do not,î suggested Margie beautifully as a place like the former
points out how easy and relatively
Zeidler of Urban Space in Toronto. Victoria and Grey Canada Trust
inexpensive it has been for the owners
building,î said Muky Pundaky,
9
manager of the landmark on Londonís developers tend to engage in these section of this report, is a great
main downtown street. ì It is largely types of development projects because example. In spite of its apparent
modeled after the Empire State they are passionate about buildings and advanced state of decay, the building
Building in New York.î the opportunities that they present. featured an old chimney that was in
clear view of the major north/south
Principally, those we interviewed
highway that cuts across the Niagara
suggested that they took great pride in Peninsula. Developer Nino Donatelli,
achieving sound heritage development
with his background in restaurant
projects in spite of the hurdles before
them. As Paul de Haas, developer of
operation, could see the marketing
the Bridgeport Lofts in Waterloo potential of the site. The chimney now
sports the characteristic illuminated red
explained, ì Pride is an important factor
ñ to think of what it looked like then sign of The KEG restaurant chain.
and what it looks like now. We assist Marketing is not the only location
with the municipal vision by taking an
advantage that a potential heritage
eyesore and turning it into gold.î Other development site might have. Often an
developers and architects noted that existing building, by virtue of its
heritage development provided a The Lofts on Mansion project, Kitchener construction having pre-dated current
special opportunity to make a statement zoning, might present a density
and also to employ a set of skills that opportunity. The Lofts on Mansion
4.1.2. Building Location & Site
are far from universal. Their personal building in Kitchener has four floors,
Advantages
drive and commitment to achieve their but is located in a neighbourhood of
vision trumped other considerations. ì We found out as time went by that the single-family residences with good
market value was higher than access to transit and amenities. The
This is not to suggest that these
expected.î building offered developer Paul
individuals fail to pursue financial gain.
Quite the contrary, some projects are - Ed Newton, February 23, 2005 DeHaas and his partners a chance to
selected almost exclusively because a create an exciting project. It has been
As with other real estate ventures the possible to add a floor and develop 30
tremendous profit could be realized old adage - location, location, location,
and/or because the value of the on-site new units without disrupting the
- often applies to heritage development. surrounding neighbourhood since the
materials alone negated some of the The former Merritton Cotton Mill in St.
financial risk. Nevertheless, heritage building was already there.
Catharines, described in the first
10
In fact, the neighbourhood itself can motivating factor in taking on an scale, a developer told us of earning a
be a key component in the decision to adaptive reuse project is the return that 22% return on an investment of
redevelop an older building. Alex can be made on the investment. Due to $1,300,000, which equated to
Speigel, principal architect for the the level of risk involved in the real approximately $300,000 over an eight
condominium conversions of the estate market, the expected return on month period.
Loretto College and Tip Top Tailor investment (ROI) is significantly higher Overall, the figures we gathered
buildings in Toronto, says ì They are in than that expected from paper
and interview responses indicate that
established, desirable neighbourhoods. investments such as mutual funds,
the business of adaptive reuse seems to
They pre-sold in a week.î bonds, and stocks.
be very lucrative, if not always
Other respondents echoed these Yet with the limited information immediately. Margie Zeidler of Urban
points, citing location, historical faÁades we received, it proved difficult to reach Space, discussed the risks involved in
and the right combination of market a single, precise conclusion of the adaptive reuse, ì Our pro forma
and demand as equating to success. return on investment anticipated by indicated that 401 Richmond would
However, each older building is, in developers. Some developers suggested have made more money as a parking
fact, unique. There are very few rules, that a 20% to 30% ROI is the industry lot. We had to believe that the use for
very few easy answers when it comes standard when investing in real estate. the building was there.î
to either refurbishing them for a However, a small group of other
Comparing the costs of heritage
continuation of their former use or developers suggested that 10% to15% development to new build represented
adapting them for new purposes. is the expectation.
one of the most interesting aspects of
There is, of course, a continuum this investigation. The range of
that ranges from loss to bonanza. One responses from those interviewed
4.1.3. Return on Investment
developer interviewed forecast an ROI varied greatly. While some developers
ì Within ten minutes, I can figure out if of 60% at the beginning of the project. focus only on heritage development,
the project will make sense As the project progressed, the forecast others make comparisons constantly in
financially.î ROI was reduced to 20%, and in the preparation to approach banks and
- Ed Newton, February 23, 2005 end, the developer claims to have made others for project backing.
only a 10% ROI. The reason for the
While it was not easy to get developers Some claim that ROI is enhanced
lower return was that the project ran
to share the financial details of their because of the savings involved in
three years over the original time
projects, it appears that a central reusing existing buildings. Shawky
projection. At the other end of the Fahel, who has worked in Kitchener,
11
Waterloo and Brantford, claims that On the other hand, it was reported to the purchaser are higher, all of those
reusing existing buildings generally that some conversions can cost as much we spoke to had confidence that the
represents a savings of between 10% as twice that of new build scenarios. market would bear the elevated costs.
and 12% over building new. Carlos The estimated total cost to convert The The top end of this market is found in
Ventin, one of Canadaís leading Lofts on Mansion in Kitchener was Torontoís 1 King West project where
restoration architects, was quoted by estimated to be $7.9M, as compared to Harry Stinson has spent up to $300 per
the London Free Press saying that approximately $4M for a brand new square foot to bring condo units on line
ì using existing buildings can cut building of the same size. However, as but has sold most of them for over $500
construction costs by as much as 22% project manager Carl Dawson stated, per square foot. At the other end, we
because you already have walls and a ì The retail value of loft units is already might find the Bridgeport Lofts in
roof and floors. (June 31, 2004)î higher than conventional units and Waterloo that were built for university
Toronto architect Scott Valens points rising further still.î Margie Zeidler, students and less than $400 covers a
out that if any of the existing building commenting on the renovations of 401 monthís rent. Yet both were profitable.
systems (hot water heating, plumbing, Richmond and 215 Spadina in Toronto, This is not to conclude that profits
etc.) can be reused, it can result in said ì Heritage buildings are less from heritage development are
considerable savings. efficient, but not so much so as to automatic. Heritage development
prevent the business plan from
Table 3: Cost Per Square Foot of working.î
Renovation Reported in this Survey Table 4: Cost Difference Between
The numbers we collected echo Renovation and New Building
Medium:
Small: Large: the comment of Ms. Zeidler that, even Medium:
18,000- Small: Large:
<18,000 >50,000 when the costs of conversion are 18,000-
50,000 <18,000 >50,000
sq.ft. sq.ft. somewhat higher, there is not much 50,000
sq.ft. sq.ft. sq.ft.
Too difference (see Tables 3 & 4). In fact, sq.ft.
Residential numerous $144 $231 the average figures show that in two
Residential -8% +44%
categories reuse cost less, while in
Commercial $111 $169 $102 three other categories the difference
was eight percent or less. Commercial +15% +8% -38%
Institutional $212 $200 Little data So even in the cases where the
conversion costs for redevelopment
Institutional +8% +2%
and, therefore, the price passed along
12
projects in Ontario range dramatically redevelopments are the ones that Table 5: Available Incentive
in scope. While major loft conversions benefit most and have been most active Government Level Value
and prestige offices come immediately in assisting potential investors. There
to mind, our surveying found that the are provisions in the Planning Act, the Federal
total project costs can range from as Municipal Act and the Development Infrastructure Canada $40,000+
little as $12,000 to $25,000,000. Charges Act that facilitate incentives
including the Heritage Property Tax Industry Canada (FedNor) Materials
4.1.4. Government Incentives Rebates, provisions for brownfield Millennium Fund $95,000
ì The Seagram Lofts was the most development and fee waivers (Table 5
challenging project we had ever been & Appendix D). Canada Parks TBD
involved in. We wouldnít have gone With Seagram Lofts, the City of Provincial
near it unless there had been a huge Waterloo waived development charges,
endorsement by the municipality both SuperBUILD TBD
which would have amounted to
at the Council level and the staff levelî approximately $700,000. Prior to the Northern Ontario Heritage Fund
TBD
- Andrew Lambden, November 20, 2004 adaptive reuse, the site was taxed as a Corporation
vacant lot. The site now contains
Municipalities can be very helpful in Ontario Heritage Foundation $150,000
approximately $24,000,000 of real
providing encouragement through estate and is generating approximately Trillium Funding $75,000+
incentives for adaptive reuse projects $270,000 a year in tax revenue ñ a
that are mutually beneficial to both the Municipal
significant increase from prior income.
city and the developer. Incentives can Waived Development Fees $20,000 -
act as a kind of loss-leader ñ The City of Brantford, in its efforts Municipal Act Section 365.(1) $700,000
encouraging development that has been to encourage downtown revitalization,
Property Tax Rebates $103,760
shown to more than recoup its value for granted developer Shawky Fahel 25% Municipal Act Section 365.2(1)
the local government through increased of total development costs for Lawyerís
Grants and Funding $150,000 -
property values and corresponding tax Hall under the Downtown Business Ontario Heritage Act Sections 39. $317,000
revenues (Barber 2003). Performance Grants Program. Along (1) & 22
with that direct grant of $317,000, the Planning Act Part IV Community
Cities faced with the challenges of City of Brantford also waived their Improvement Section 28.(1) (7)
intensification, downtown usual development charges. Development Charges Act Section
improvement, and brownfield 5, subsections (1)(10) and (6)(3)
13
Incentive programs are not offered often unavailable in Toronto, so the urban redevelopment. Ed Newton,
in every municipality. Shmuel Farhi, a City must look to other means if they project co-ordinator for the Seagram
major owner of older properties in want to assist developers. Height and Lofts, stated that ì The City of Waterloo
London, wishes that city would take a density bonusing under Section 37 of was on side, mostly because we had
position similar to other places on the the Planning Act is an option. In that such a positive attitude going into this
matter of incentives. arrangement a developer is allowed to project. They saw that we were going
build a taller building on some other to finish the project and that they would
site in return for saving an existing be thrilled with the results.î Shawky
building. Fahel echoed the same sentiment in
Table 5 indicates some of the describing his interaction with the City
of Brantford, where he says the Cityís
incentives available at the municipal
level but shows that Federal and co-operative attitude made all the
Provincial funds are also a growing difference in the success of his
factor in the financing of restoration renovation of the Lawyers Hall.
and reuse.
One of the ways that governments
can become involved in reuse projects
is as tenants. When this works, such as
Waterloo School of Architecture, Cambridge
the case of the old Waterloo County
Gaol in Kitchener ñ where provincial
court functions are the long term
We have found that incentives are tenants ñ it can ensure success. In the
mainly offered in secondary markets case of the Elgin County Court House
such as Brantford, Hamilton, and in St. Thomas, however, refusal of the
Kitchener. Primary markets are faced
Province to sign a long term lease may
with similar challenges, though, as jeopardize the project. The Carpet Factory in Toronto
Toronto developer Harry Stinson said,
ì tax or grant incentives are Committed developers represent
insignificant for projects of the some of the strongest allies for
magnitude of 1 King West.î They are municipalities and collaboration with
them can be a very powerful force in
14
4.2. Constraints of Older Beck II Power Generating Station ñ the banks justified in their reluctance to
Building Reuse where the owner (Ontario Power readily support heritage development?
Generation) is able to entirely finance
Developers we spoke to made it
the project. Typically, private clear that there are always unexpected
4.2.1. Uncertainty & Site
developments require bank loans. costs that pinch their carefully
Remediation
Banks are particularly hesitant to conducted pro formas. In some cases,
Fundamentally, all development
finance adaptive reuse projects because such as the Seagram Lofts in Waterloo,
projects have to show the promise of
they believe the level of risk is higher unanticipated costs and delays reduced
making money ñ otherwise they will
than other real estate investments or the bottom line to the extent that the
not proceed. Similar to other
development. Often, banks will place project became only marginally
development types, our interviewees
conditions on the financing and this can profitable. This project was saved only
indicated that there is a range of
pose a challenge, as was the case for Ed by the fact that the market valued the
profitability attached to adaptive reuse
Newton of the Seagram Lofts. ì Before converted lofts more highly than had
but usually a greater degree of
the bank would approve the loan, 65% been expected.
uncertainty. There are a number of
of the units had to be pre-sold,î he Many heritage developments do in
reasons for this, including unforeseen
explained. To reduce their level of risk, fact involve certain cost premiums. In
costs and site contamination ñ but the
banks will often issue demand loans, a some cases, these additional expenses
result is often difficulty in securing
type of loan with no established arise from the inefficiencies of the
financial backing.
maturity period that can be repayable building shape. As Harold Ensslen,
Three sources for financing heritage on the demand of the lender at any chief architect for the Ontario Power
development were identified by the time. At the very least, banks usually Generation (OPG) office building
interviewees: personal equity, private require the developer to have available conversion in Niagara Falls said,
investment, and bank loans. A fourth a minimum of 25% of the total project ì Heritage buildings are not purpose
source was noted by about a third of the cost. built.î Therefore, inefficiencies become
survey respondents as part of their
Some developers of adaptive reuse virtually unavoidable when the required
fiscal plan - the availability of federal
projects have a limited track record in amount of floor area is spread out over
or provincial financing and/or
this type of real estate investment ñ but more storeys. Costs can rise by 10% or
municipal government incentives.
even with experienced practitioners, the more in these cases for hallways and
There are very few instances ñ like banks can be difficult to convince. Are washrooms.
the adaptive reuse of the Sir Adam
15
In the case of the Bridgeport Lofts, faced with an unforeseen site In three major renovations in
one of the main challenges was dealing remediation problem. The site was Toronto, Alex Speigel has seen his
with the foundation and faÁade. The formerly home to the Merritton Cotton share of site remediation costs.
service bay, where trucks used to load Mill and the Independent Rubber ì Environmental issues are the most
and unload goods during the buildingís Company. The factory was surrounded common,î he says. ì PCBs and
previous incarnation, was located on by reservoir ponds for the locks system asbestos, or lead based paint on the
the front of the building. The prior of the former Welland Canal. The plant walls. The trouble is that you have to
configuration of the building obstructed discharged effluent into the ponds budget for this type of stuff.î
the aesthetic appeal and hampered during its operation and when the old
Because of the difficulties in
transformation to residential use. To Canal was diverted, the reservoir ponds securing bank loans, developers
overcome the challenges in changing were filled with waste and debris. The
sometimes seek private financing for
uses, the development team decided nature of the disposed material was
their projects to avoid restrictions and
that they would cover up the service discovered in the soil during
time limitations on project
bay with recycled stone and bricks, at a construction and the developer was management. We found this to be the
cost of approximately $400,000. faced with the cleanup of these ponds,
case more often in the smaller and
at a cost of nearly $200,000.
From the 24 questionnaire medium sized markets but even in
respondents, we learned that the Torontoís 1 King West project the
adaptive reuse of buildings required a financing was primarily private.
complete gutting of the interior in eight
Nonetheless, those involved in this
cases and major interior work in
type of development found demand
another four. While exterior work was significant enough that the market
less frequently required, where
would bear the additional costs that
applicable it involved one or more of: arose from uncertainty. No project
brick cleaning, structural repairs, investigated failed to report moderate
foundation improvements and
to high income generation and many
landscaping.
developers feel that bank reluctance to
One of the largest costs that can recognize the value of heritage and
Bridgeport Lofts
loom over many adaptive reuse projects adaptive reuse projects, especially
is site contamination. In the case of The where experienced project management
KEG restaurant, the developer was
16
is involved, is unjustified and fails to also separate fire regulations and KEG Restaurant in St. Catharines, not
recognize good business opportunities. planning considerations such as site only was fire separation between the
plan approval and zoning. In the floors a critical component of Code
opinion of many developers the compliance, it was also necessary to
4.2.2. Building Code and Parking necessity of complying with the Code add fire-rated windows adjacent to the
and other regulatory requirements fire escapes.
ì The code is problematic; it should be frequently results in major expenditures While unusual circumstances and
handled case by case and not by fitting that could not have been foreseen at the timing of inspection were
the project in to a very general earlier stages of projects. mentioned by some of the people we
category.î
In the case of the Seagram Lofts, spoke with, nothing was touched upon
- Ed Newton, February 23, 2005 the original plan called for using timber more frequently than the lack of
to support mezzanine floors. coordination between inspectors and
Ontarioís Building Code is a set of Unfortunately, the Code was the various enforcement agencies.
regulations guiding almost all interpreted as requiring that beams be Harry Stinson, developer of I King
construction in this province under the constructed out of steel ñ in spite of West, as well as many other Toronto
enabling legislation of the Building research that shows timber beams are projects, suggested that, in some
Code Act. The Act, and by extension just as fire resistant. The same aspects of the project, he found the
the Code, are meant to create certain inspector then required that the inspectors to be too lax in not requiring
standards for safety, but are also mezzanines be fire separated ñ the structural and safety aspects that he
designed to be sufficiently flexible so same way continuous floors are even installed anyway. At other times, he
as to permit the adaptive reuse of though they were open at one end and found them unduly restrictive. Time
buildings. could not have stopped a fire going delays from the lack of coordination
To this end, it is Section 11 of the from level to level. represent part of the reason why costs
Code that is most critical to heritage escalate.
In other cases, fire exits proved to
developers because of the discretion be the greatest problem. For the In the end, perhaps it was Shawky
that it allows the individual building Ontario Power Generation building in Fahel who best reflected the overall
inspectors to accept variations in Niagara Falls, the exceptionally small mood of the interviewees in stating that
standards when faced with existing building footprint made it difficult to ì Building development agencies need
structures and inherent constraints. provide the requisite number of to be a friendly partner.î
Along with the Building Code there are emergency exits. Similarly, for The
17
Over and over again, we heard People in Toronto, where there is 4.2.3. Heritage Design Requirement
developers talk about the matter of extensive public transit, are beginning ì The current Ontario Heritage Act has
parking. Even when people want to to see they can get along without cars led to a culture of compromise.î
live, work and shop in the middle of but except for student accommodation
cities, they seem to be unable to free such as the Bridgeport Lofts in -Catherine Nasmith, March 14, 2005
themselves from their auto dependence. Waterloo and Lawyers Hall in Generally speaking, developers and
This means that even if municipalities Brantford, this is not the case in most architects working on adaptive reuse
are willing to waive parking other parts of the Province. Creative and restoration undertakings do not
requirements, many potential buyers or solutions need to be found for this have to contend with any heritage
renters insist on parking spaces. dilemma. Municipal parking structures, requirements since only a few of the
London developer Joe Carapella says, in which developers can buy spaces to buildings they are working on are
ì itís very naÔve to suggest youíre going meet their requirements, are one designated under the Ontario Heritage
to have a building you can renovate and alternative. Act. However, they are loath to
rent out without parking available. Handicap accessibility is a further adversely affect a buildingís
Thatís a non-starter. (London Free barrier to the success of many potential appearance and/or structure. It is in
Press, June 31, 2004)î renovation projects. If a space is going their interest to preserve the aesthetic
to be rented or leased to a public quality of their buildings, since it is
agency then wheelchair accessibility those details and character elements
that attracted them in the first place and
will be a requirement. That can impact
a building in at least two ways. There which will be integral to the market
are aesthetic considerations regarding value of the finished product.
how ramps alter the appearance of a In cases where the buildings being
structure. Secondly, there are also cost refurbished are designated there are
implications if, for example, an few problems. The transformation of
elevator is mandatory. However, like the Old Waterloo County Gaol in
other challenges, these considerations Kitchener, owned by the Region of
can be accounted for through a Waterloo and converted into court
Post House in Branford is now part of
combination of innovative design and facilities for the Provincial Attorney
Wilfred Laurier University flexible enforcement of regulations. Generalís Department, was marked by
18
cooperation and good will between the All that meant that compromises about which clear heritage legislation might
Region and local heritage advocates. the details of renovation were often be of help to them, while heritage
made in a way which pleased no one. advocates did not seem to appreciate
That situation is not always
the passion and commitment to
repeated. Part of the problem lies with With the passage of important
architecture demonstrated by many
Ontario Heritage Act. Because, in the amendments to the Ontario Heritage
developers. An example of this was
past, it provided for the recognition of Act in April 2005, a much greater
seen in London where Shmuel Farhi
buildings as historically valuable to the degree of clarity around what can and
complained that he could be ì thrown in
community but did not prevent their cannot be done to recognized heritage
jailî under provisions of the revised
demolition, it led to a measure of buildings will go a long way to
Heritage Act requiring proper building
uncertainty that was not conducive to stabilizing the situation and providing
maintenance. But, next door to his
either architectural conservation or the certainty heritage developers need
beautifully restored Scott Building on
good business. Toronto architect in making business decisions. While
Londonís Dundas Street was a derelict
Catherine Nasmith says ì the old this still impacts only some heritage
and dangerous building. It was pointed
Ontario Heritage Act led to culture of developments where properties are
out that, should the street become a
compromise.î Proposed changes to designated, those buildings will serve
heritage district, the provisions of the
officially designated buildings had to as demonstrations projects in the
Heritage Act were aimed not at him but
be reviewed by Municipal Heritage industry. There is also the opportunity
at the building owner next door. Mr.
Committees and approved by to forge new working relationships
Farhi began to see the potential
Municipal Councils; but when owners between heritage advocates and
advantages. The derelict building was
or developers became frustrated by the developers.
clearly diminishing the value of his
process, the Act only allowed In our interviews, we found that property. Heritage developers were also
municipalities to postpone demolition. many developers were antagonistic generally unaware of the ways in which
Developers did not want to face delays toward local heritage committees and strong heritage legislation had proven
and heritage experts knew that, in the historical preservation groups. At the advantageous to building owners in
end, their Councils could not prevent same time, it is not uncommon for places like New York City where
the loss of the structures. In fact, a 2003 members of the heritage groups to be developers seek architectural listing.
study found that over 400 designated or suspicious of those in the land
listed buildings in 22 Ontario development industry.
Many developers related bad
communities had been demolished over experiences in dealing with some
a 15-year period (Shipley & Reyburn). What was clear was that developers members of the heritage community.
were often unaware of the ways in
19
Londonís Joe Carapella says that called ì tweedy academics,î argued for the obstacles to be overcome for
worthwhile buildings have ì got to have a year with him, and amongst heritage development projects are all
an architectural style, from a certain themselves, about the proper way to the more acute. As a consequence it is
period in the cityís history, or a famous proceed. Not only did this cost him often difficult to find adequately skilled
person attached to it. Just because itís money in lost time but, in the end, the and experienced people all the way
been there a long time doesnít make it a outcome was to demolish the building, from architects and engineers to
heritage building. (London Free Press, dump the broken fabric into Lake appropriate trade workers.
June 31, 2004)î Ontario and put up a plaque.
But heritage proponents and The Historical Board may have a
developers do not simply disagree different story but the point is that no
about what makes a building common ground was found between
worthwhile saving. Sometimes those who see themselves as defenders
confrontations over design elements of heritage and someone who was
can seriously jeopardise entire projects. prepared to spend his money to
Sometimes site plan control protects accomplish at least a measure of
the exterior shell of the building and, in conservation. The clarity of the revised
the words of Alex Speigel, ì it can be a Heritage Act which allows for
challenge to deal with the heritage demolition control will hopefully bring
preservation people. Sometimes they a new spirit of cooperation.
are very inflexible and our experience
is that flexibility is design.î 4.2.4. Professional Experience and Process of demolition- construction in the
Skills case of the Seagram Lofts
More alarmingly, developer Harry
Stinson still bristled telling about a ì Had no work been completed, the One architect recalled a project he
debate with the Toronto Historical building would not likely be standing had taken over part way through
Board over the treatment he proposed today.î completion. Due to lack of knowledge
for a downtown storefront years after about heritage buildings, the previous
- Ed Dreidger, February 4, 2005
the ordeal. His plan was to reconstruct architect had advised the owners that
the faÁade set back from the street and Challenges can surface in any they needed to replace all of the 102
enclosed in a glass atrium. He says profession at any time. However, in the windows in the building with metal
Historical Board members, whom he opinion of those with whom we spoke, ones costing $600 each. Our
20
interviewee was able, in the end, to other detailed construction work. There point, employing those who do not
repair the existing windows at a cost of is such a critical shortage of these have such familiarity. To continue the
$200 each. workers - the average age of sports metaphor ñ everyone has to start
bricklayers in Canada is 58 ñ that a as a rookie.
Adapting buildings for new uses is
special task force on the subject has
a very challenging and complex It was not just the skill and
been organized by the federal
process. Compared to new experience of people working within
governmentís Human Resources
development where construction begins the development industry that was
Development Canada (HRDC).
from the ground up, adaptive reuse addressed in our interviews.
Developers we spoke to valued their
projects are unique and, therefore, Undoubtedly, the most significant
skilled craftsmen highly and were
require a creative process in comment that we heard regarding the
anxious to find and, if necessary, train
overcoming building challenges. value of experience came with respect
more skilled workers. to the banking industry. Here
In the case of the Seagram Lofts,
The analogy was made, and experience seemed to mattered little
the faÁades of the two warehouse
confirmed by the majority of those because the banksí set pro formas did
buildings were to be left intact. The
interviewed, that building a successful not allow the lenders to see the
conventional method for reinforcing
heritage development team evolves in advantages of heritage development ñ
faÁades during construction is in the
the same approach as creating a good even for projects directly parallel with
use of shoring with steel support
sports franchise. As one developer put those successfully (and profitably)
beams, where the interior can then be
it, ì we have a pretty good group and completed.
completely gutted prior to construction.
everyone has a specific role.î In this
The development team created a
type of environment, with daily
process of demolition followed by
challenges and unanticipated problems,
construction in a series of phases,
it is generally held that experience is of
which eliminated the need for shoring.
benefit through transference of skills
This creative process saved the
and knowledge. Naturally, this leads to
developers approximately $500,000.
an unavoidable conundrum. It is
Just as important as architects, impossible to have the experienced
engineers and project supervisors are professionals and trade workers that
the skilled trades that undertake the many consider to be a necessary
carpentry, brickwork, plastering and component of success without, at some
21
22
5.0 Conclusions & look like and they value that. The
heritage developer sees what the
for regulatory approvals and scolding
municipal governments for not
Recommendations place might look like in the future. providing relief from taxes and fees,
The hard-nosed business sense
are all parts of the marketplace
5.1 Conclusions haggling behaviour that occupies
required of successful developers can
much of developersí time and energy
The existence of dynamic, risk- be a bit frightening. One of our
ñ and these habits are hard to
taking and creative investors, with a interviewees told a story about how
abandon when being interviewed.
passion for beautiful older buildings, he asked two roofing contractors to
is probably the most important single show up at the building site. When What is clear, however, is that
element in the heritage development they were both there with their crews, there is a healthy and growing
industry. We found most of these he negotiated the best price. Is this business in heritage development and
entrepreneurs to be a volatile mix of business practice at the edge of the people we talked to are in the
vision, hard-nosed business practice, ethics? Perhaps yes but, in some vanguard of that business. According
and bravado. cases, it may be what is required to to the numbers of projects identified
get the job done. in different building type categories,
Vision is the ability and perhaps, the bulk of the action seems to be in
more importantly, the inclination to Bravado is probably a common
trait amongst many successful medium and large residential projects
see what a project will look like when (medium 18,000 sq. ft., to 50,000 sq.
it is completed. Many people are business people across the economic
spectrum. One has to be confident, ft., and large, over 50,000 sq. ft.),
impressed with renovated older medium sized commercial and small
buildings when they visit them in forceful, and daring to survive when
taking chances and risking ones own institutional (Table 1).
other cities or even other countries,
but the same people will look at money and reputation are daily In terms of cost comparison with
derelict or rundown premises in their occurrences. Part of the reason it new build, the numbers prove
own neighbourhood and think they proved difficult for us, in the course interesting (Tables 6). In the medium
should be torn down. The heritage of this research, to collect actual costs residential category, reuse actually
developer sees past the current state of various aspects of development comes out to be a lower cost than
of the building and can imagine its projects was that our interviewees new build. To some extent, that
potential. This is somewhat similar to often gave contradictory information. reflects projects such as the student
many heritage advocates but they Lamenting the high price of labour, housing developed in Waterloo and
tend to see what the building used to complaining about the length of time Brantford.
23
however, the reviews are mixed.
Table 6: Findings
Some developers and architects, in
Building Type Small Medium Large the cases involving public sector
New Residential Projects often
$155 $130 projects, have enjoyed good working
Reuse Residential private & too relationships and have been able to
numerous $144 $231 cooperate around issues of proper,
highly authentic restoration. Quite
New Commercial $95 $155 $165
often, there are additional funding
Reuse Commercial $111 $169 $102 sources to deal with such things as
the restoration of the paintings in
New Institutional $195 $195
Insufficient data Castle Killbride, a 19th century
Reuse Institutional $212 $200 mansion which became part of the
Wilmot Township Administrative
In the case of large residential, the The majority of buildings that are Complex in Baden near Waterloo.
cost in our sample is considerably being given new life in Ontario are
On the negative side, a number of
higher on average for reuse projects. private sector projects. As well, many
developers have had bad experiences
But here we found that mainly loft of the buildings are not formally
with work on designated buildings.
style condos were bringing a much recognized as ì heritageî properties
These ranged from delays caused by
higher rate of return in spite of (or through designation under the
the time required for reviews of plans
perhaps because of) the larger Ontario Heritage Act. This is not
by committees to squabbles over
investment. The same seems to be particularly surprising, since the great
design. Developers also complain,
true in the medium sized commercial majority of designated properties are
not about the Building Code as such,
projects ñ where a slightly higher cost private homes which have been left
but about applications of the code and
is generally rewarded by high rent, out of this study, while many of the
other regulations that are inflexible
lease or sale prices. The number for adaptive reuse projects involve
and unresponsive to the situation.
large commercial is somewhat former industrial buildings which
skewed by the small sample size, have often been left out of the With regard to incentives, there is
while for large institutional projects designation process. very good evidence from the United
there was only one example and so no States and British Columbia that
Where designated buildings are
calculation of average cost was municipalities receive excellent
the subject of heritage development,
possible. return for tax relief and other
24
financial measures designed to 5.2. Recommendations Building inspection for code
stimulate building renovation and compliance, fire inspection and other
reuse (U.S. national Trust; Barber, Municipalities that want to promote regulatory functions should be
2003, Mason 2005). These gains are re-urbanization, smart growth, coordinated in a way that encourages
realized largely through increases in intensification and dynamic place safe and functional structures. This
assessment and, therefore, in tax making should appreciate the role should be performance-based rather
revenues. Of course, this benefit that can be played by heritage than rule-based. There should be a
comes in addition to the primary development. Instead of adding to the commitment on the part of
aspect of building reuse, the current trends that are promising to municipalities to provide these
maintenance of cultural integrity, remake cities in a better way, many inspections in a timely way.
livability of urban spaces and planners and political leaders see Heritage advocates should find
aesthetic continuity. heritage - the valuing of existing and support the developers who love
We concluded that heritage structures - as an impediment. older buildings as they do ñ and are
advocates do not always seem to Heritage considerations are not prepared to find new uses for them,
recognize that they have very attempts to freeze urban change but bring their development skills to bear
dynamic and creative allies in the only to direct it in constructive and on them, and spend money on them.
development world. Heritage rational ways. Municipalities should
adopt coherent policies that promote
developers do not pretend to be
building reuse as an integral part of
"The preservation movement has one great
cultural experts. Their interest in curiosity. There is never retrospective
older buildings is more instinctive, their smart growth strategies.
controversy or regret. Preservationists are
but they see value in these structures Municipalities should make the the only people in the world who are
as much as the heritage community. rules for heritage development clear. invariably confirmed in their wisdom after
They see it in a different way ñ often Some buildings should be preserved. the fact."
perhaps, more like the original Some neighbourhoods and districts
builders themselves. We would not should be subject to design guidelines J. K.Galbraith, Canadian born economist
advocate that developers always have that protect the character of the area and writer, quoted in 1999 by Richard
their way in the realm of urban and, therefore, protect the investment Moe, President of the US National Trust
planning and city building. But what of those who have maintained or for Historic Preservation.
they do, they do well and they are renovated properties.
awesome to watch when in full flight.
25
26
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Meyer, P. and Lyons, T.S. (2000). Lessons from Private Sector Rypkema, D. (1994). The Economics of Historic Preservation:
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Preservation.
29
30
Appendix A – List of Identified Projects
Municipality Project Municipality Project
Alliston The Gibson Cultural Centre London Idlewyld Inn
Alton Alton Mill London Sterling Place
Brampton Carnegie Library Building London Victoria & Gray Trust Building
Brantford Holstein Building London Scott Building
Brantford Lawyersí Hall Markham Village Train Station
Brantford Odeon Theatre Milford Mount Tabor Church
Brantford Old Post Office New Tecumseth Museum Facility
Brantford Old Shoe Factory Niagara Falls Ontario Power Generation Offices
Cambridge Langdon Hall Niagara Falls Whirlpool Golf Course Club
Cambridge School of Architecture North Bay Train Station
Cambridge Stone Cottage Ottawa Aberdeen Pavilion
Clinton Tavern to Senior Centre Ottawa Canalside Townhomes 30 Driveway
Guelph Mill Lofts Ottawa Centre de Jour Guigues
Hamilton Rousseau House Ottawa Centretown Infill ñ Flora & Somerset
Kingston Artillery Park Barrack House Ottawa Dalhousie (281) Infill
Kingston Belvedere Hotel Ottawa Dominion Chalmers
Kingston The Woolen Mill Ottawa Glebe Community Centre Rehab
Kingston Victoria Public School Ottawa National Research Council Building
Kingston Wellington Street Brewery Ottawa Plant Bath & Rehab
Kingston Whig-Standard Building Ottawa Real Lofts
Kitchener Arrow Lofts Project Ottawa Royal College of Physicians
Kitchener Berlin Interior Hardwood Ottawa St. Charles School Lofts
Kitchener Gaol and Governors House Ottawa Sandy Hill Infill
Kitchener Kaufman Lofts Project Ottawa The Loft Tradition
Kitchener Mansion Lofts Project Ottawa The Stables Rideau Hall
Ottawa Wallis House
31
Appendix A – Identified Projects (continued)
Municipality Project Municipality Project
Paris Arlington Hotel Toronto 200 Clinton
Paris Art Gallery Toronto 289 Sumach
Picton Merrill House Toronto Candy Factory
Picton Quaker Meeting House Toronto Carpet Factory
Picton Ross McMullen House Toronto Cathedral Square
Picton Warring House Toronto Claremont Hall
Queenston Willowbank Toronto Hepbourne Hall
Richmond Hill Lloyd Centre Toronto Imperial Lofts
St. Catherines Keg Restaurant ñ Merritton Cotton Mill Toronto Kensington Lofts
St. Catharines Lincoln County Courthouse Toronto Leadlay Building
St. Catherines Lybster Mill Toronto Liberty Lofts
St. Catharines Merritton Town Hall Toronto Liberty Village
St. Thomas Elgin County Court House Toronto Market Block Building
Stratford Avon Theatre Toronto Noble Court
Thorold Maplehurst Toronto One Columbus Ave.
Thorold The Flour Mill Toronto Richmond Mews
Tillsonburg Livingston Centre Toronto Roncarelli Residence
Toronto 1 King W Toronto Sears Building
Toronto 5 King W Toronto The Soho
Toronto 6 Bratlett Ave. Toronto Studio One
Toronto 8-16 Croft St. Toronto The Brewery
Toronto 10 Sword Toronto The Creed Building
Toronto 20 Brockton St. Toronto The Flatiron Building
Toronto 41 Shanly Toronto The Gladstone Hotel
Toronto 47 Colborne St. Toronto The Industrial Revolution I
Toronto 115 Manning Toronto The Industrial Revolution II
32
Appendix A – Identified Projects (continued)
Municipality Project Municipality Project
Toronto The Knitting Mill Windsor Duff Baby House
Toronto The Lofts on Frederick St. Windsor Edith Cavell School
Toronto The Lofts on Sorauren Windsor First Church of Christian Science
Toronto The Loretto Windsor La Maison Francois Baby
Toronto The Merchandise Building Windsor St. Genevieve School
Toronto The Monarch Building Windsor St. Paul's Anglican Church
Toronto The Movie House Windsor Walkerville Town Hall
Toronto The Old Spaghetti Factory Restaurant Wingham Railway Station
Toronto The Oxford on Markham
Toronto The Peanut Factory
Toronto The Victorian
Toronto The Wrigley Building
Toronto Tip Top Lofts
Toronto West 833
Toronto Yorkland School
Unionville Eckardt/McKay House
Waterloo Alexandra School - 35 Alexandra Ave.
Waterloo Bridgeport Lofts - 12 Bridgeport Rd. E
Waterloo Button Factory - 25 Regina St. S
Waterloo Seagram Lofts
Waterloo Snyder - Seagram House - 50 Albert St.
Waterloo Train Station - 20 Regina St. S
Waterloo Waterloo Hotel - 4 King St. N
33
34
Appendix B - Study Participants
Survey Respondents Andrew Lambden
Jeremy Grant Interviewees Seagram Lofts
Monica Alyea The Alton Mill Waterloo
Mt. Tabor Community Alton Brian Bechtel Catherine Nasmith
Theatre Ted Handy Gaol and Governorís Architect
Milford Gibson Centre House Toronto
Kitchener
Marvin Barnett Alliston Ed Newton
Gowlings Building Mac Lewis Carl Dawson Seagram Lofts
Hamilton Clock Tower Inn The Lofts on Mansion Waterloo
Kitchener
Rachelle Clayton Newmarket Muky Pundaky
McDonald House William Metz Paul DeHaas Former Victoria and
Museum on the Boyne The REAL Lofts Bridgeport Lofts Grey Canada Trust
Alliston Ottawa Waterloo London
Betty Lou Clark Elizabeth Plashkes Nino Donatelli Alex Speigel
371 Waterloo Ave. Markham Village Train Station The KEG Loretto College
River Walk Condo Markham St. Catharines Toronto
Guelph
Spriet Investments Inc. Harold Ensslin Harry Stinson
Hank Doornekamp Sterling Place OPG 1 King West
The Woollen Mill London Niagara Falls Toronto
Kingston
Dr. Wyshinski Shawky Fahel Scott Valens
Ed Driedger Cosmetic Surgery Clinic Lawyerís Hall Architect
CPR Station Waterloo Brantford Toronto
North Bay
Ted Taylor Shmuel Farhi Margie Zeidler
John Edgar Royal Canadian Legion Elgin County Court House 401 Richmond
Artist Studio Picton St. Thomas Toronto
Paris
35
36
Small: <18000 ft2 Medium: 18,000ñ50,000 ft2 Large: >50,000 ft2
Appendix C - Questionnaire
(<1672 m2) (1672-4645 m2) (>4645 m2)
H E R I T A G E R E S O U R C E S C E N T R E Residential
Commercial
Institutional
10) Please answer the following questions concerning the subject property
1) Name: __________________________________________________
Building type: ___________________________________________
Address: __________________________________________________
Building size (ft2 or m2): ___________________________________
E-mail: __________________________________________________
Number of units (if applicable): _____________________________
Phone: __________________________________________________
Building Height (stories): __________________________________
Occupancy before renovation: ______________________________
2) Please indicate if you would prefer that the information concerning the specific name and
location of the building remain confidential. (If confidentiality is preferred, the costs provided Occupancy after renovation: ________________________________
will be used in a general way to determine trends and patterns)
Name of Building: ________________________________________
Remain Confidential Not of Concern
11) Please indicate the development costs of the project.
3) What is (was) your involvement in the adaptive reuse of the subject property? Land Acquisition ($): ___________________________________
Developer Investor Hard Costs ($/ft2 or %): ___________________________________
Architect Contractor Soft Costs ($ or %):
Owner Other __________________ Consultant Fees _______________________________________
Development Fees _______________________________________
4) Location of Renovated Building Insurance and Bonding _______________________________________
Address: ______________________________________ Building Permits _______________________________________
City: ______________________________________ Total ($): _______________________________________
Postal Code: _____________________________
12) Please provide a short description of the renovation that took place
5) Is the building Designated Listed Other
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
6) Approximate age of the building:
13) Were there incentives offered by government for the adaptive reuse of the subject
_____________________ property? Please indicate the level of government which provided the incentive(s) and a short
description of the incentive(s)
7) Please provide a short description of the building prior to renovation
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
14) What were the conditions/characteristics for the successful adaptive reuse of your project?
8) Please provide a short description of the zoning change required and any minor variance(s) ____________________________________________________________________________
required for the adaptive reuse of the subject property? ____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
p.2
____________________________________________________________________________
p.1
9) Place a check in the most appropriate cell that corresponds with the new use of the building.
37
38
Appendix D – Excerpts from Provincial Statutes Relating to Municipal Financial Aid
Ontario Heritage Act
Grants or loans
Part IV Conservation of Property of Cultural Heritage Value or (7) For the purpose of carrying out a community improvement
Interest plan that has come into effect, the municipality may make
grants or loans to registered owners, assessed owners and
Grants and loans tenants of lands and buildings within the community
39.(1) The council of a municipality may pass by-laws providing improvement project area, and to any person to whom such an
for the making of a grant or loan to the owner of a property owner or tenant has assigned the right to receive a grant or
designated under this Part for the purpose of paying for the loan, to pay for the whole or any part of the cost of
whole or any part of the cost of alteration of such designated rehabilitating such lands and buildings in conformity with the
property on such terms and conditions as the council may community improvement plan. 2001, c. 17, s. 7 (7).
prescribe.
Section 22 Municipal Act
Idem
(2) Where an easement or covenant is registered against real Cancellation, reduction or refund of taxes
property under subsection (1), such easement or covenant shall 365. (1) The council of a local municipality may, in any
run with the real property and the Foundation may enforce such year, pass a by-law to provide for the cancellation,
easement or covenant, whether positive or negative in nature, reduction or refund of taxes levied for local municipal
against the owner or any subsequent owners of the real
and school purposes in the year by the council in respect
propertyÖ
of an eligible property of any person who makes an
Planning Act application in that year to the municipality for that relief
and whose taxes are considered by the council to be
Part IV Community Improvement unduly burdensome, as defined in the by-law. 2001,
28. (1)In this section, c. 25, s. 365 (1).
ì community improvementî means the planning or replanning,
design or redesign, resubdivision, clearance, development or Definitions
redevelopment, reconstruction and rehabilitation, or any of 365.1(1) In this section,
them, of a community improvement project area, and the ì community improvement planî and ì community
provision of such residential, commercial, industrial, public, improvement project areaî have the same meanings as in
recreational, institutional, religious, charitable or other uses, subsection 28 (1) of the Planning Act;
buildings, works, improvements or facilities, or spaces
therefore, as may be appropriate or necessary; (ì amÈliorations
communautairesî )
39
Appendix D – Excerpts from Provincial Statutes Relating to Municipal Financial Aid (continued)
Municipal Act (a) the building or structure or portion of the building or structure
that is the eligible heritage property; and
Heritage Tax Rebate Program (b) the land used in connection with the eligible heritage property,
365.2 (1) Despite section 106, a local municipality may as determined by the local municipality. 2002, c. 17,
establish a program to provide tax reductions or refunds in Sched. A, s. 69.
respect of eligible heritage property. 2002, c. 17, Sched. A, Notice to Minister of Finance
s. 69. (5) A local municipality shall deliver a copy of a by-law under this
Definition section to the Minister of Finance within 30 days after the by-
(2) In this section, law is passed. 2002, c. 17, Sched. A, s. 69.
ì eligible heritage propertyî means a property or portion of a Notice to upper-tier municipality
property, (6) A lower-tier municipality that passes a by-law under this section
(a) that is designated under Part IV of the Ontario Heritage Act or shall notify the upper-tier municipality of the amount of taxes
is part of a heritage conservation district under Part V of the to be reduced or refunded for lower-tier purposes under the by-
Ontario Heritage Act, law. 2002, c. 17, Sched. A, s. 69.
(b) that is subject to, Criteria:
(i) an easement agreement with the local municipality in which To be eligibable for the tax refund, the property has the meet the
it is located, under section 37 of the Ontario Heritage Act, following minimum criteria:
(ii) an easement agreement with the Ontario Heritage Designated under the Ontario Heritage Act (Part IV or Part
Foundation, under section 22 of the Ontario Heritage Act, or V)
(iii) an agreement with the local municipality in which it is Subject to an agreement respecting the long term
located respecting the preservation and maintenance of the preservation and maintenance of the property (i.e., Heritage
property, and Conservation Easement Agreement)
(c) that complies with any additional eligibility criteria set out in On January 1, 2003, Bill 177 amended the Municipal Act.
the by-law passed under this section by the local municipality Under the amended Municipal Act, owners can now get a
in which it is located. 2002, c. 17, Sched. A, s. 69. minimum of 10% to a maximum of 40% of the city share of
Amount of tax reduction taxes levied on the eligible portion of their heritage property.
(3) The amount of the tax reduction or refund provided by a local Province refunds the taxes levied by the municipality for
municipality in respect of an eligible heritage property must be educational purposes at the same percentages established by
between 10 and 40 per cent of the taxes for municipal and the city.
school purposes levied on the property that are attributable to,
40
Appendix D – Excerpts from Provincial Statutes Relating to Municipal Financial Aid (continued)
Development Charges Act
5. (1) The following is the method that must be used, in developing
a development charge by-law, to determine the development charges
that may be imposed:
10. The rules may provide for full or partial exemptions for
types of development and for the phasing in of development
charges. The rules may also provide for the indexing of
development charges based on the prescribed index. 1997,
c. 27, s. 5 (1).
6. A development charge by-law must set out the following:
2. An express statement indicating how, if at all, the rules
provide for exemptions, for the phasing in of development
charges and for the indexing of development charges.
3. How the rules referred to in paragraph 1 apply to the
redevelopment of land.
41
42
Appendix D – Catalogue of Renovated Buildings
Introduction Name: The Alton Mill Name: Langdon Hall
Address: 1402 Queen St., Caledon Address: 1 Langdon Dr., Cambridge
This section contains information
about specific adaptive reuse and
building restoration projects. For the
most part this information was
collected during the early part of 2005
from web sites advertising the sale or
lease of the properties in question.
The majority of the projects are
located in Toronto but there is a
The house, with its sweeping vistas
sampling from other municipalities Built in 1881, The Alton Mill is
and meadows, was designed and built as a
across Ontario including Cambridge, nestled on the banks of Shawís Creek in
summer house for the granddaughter of
Waterloo, Kingston, and the Niagara the Village of Alton, Town of Caledon.
John Jacob Astor of New York City. In
Region. The Alton Mill is in the progress of being
1987, William Bennett and May Beaton
converted into a regional arts and heritage
purchased Langdon Hall. In order to share
What is intended here is to give the centre which will become the centre piece
with others its unique tranquility and
reader a good idea of the range of of this quaint village. The Alton Mill was
luxury, it seemed quite natural for Langdon
building types, sites and uses of originally a woollen mill and until 1982
Hall to become a country house hotel.
adaptive reuse and renovation projects. was used for the manufacture of rubber
Langdon Hall is elegant and comfortable
These might be visited and viewed as products. The renovation of this significant
and provides guests with a home away
models for heritage development. As heritage property will result in the creation
from home. The country house atmosphere
of a mix of art studios, workshops, offices
well, in many cases there is contact is characterized by peaceful reading rooms
for creative professionals, heritage
information for the developers and intimate paneled lounges and bar. All
exhibits, special events space and a
involved. 53 rooms and suites at Langdon Hall are
restaurant overlooking the millpond. The
carefully furnished; each different from the
Projects are listed alphabetically by millpond will undergo an environmental
other, with most of the sitting areas
the name of the municipality where rehabilitation to create a healthy ecosystem
warmed by open wood-burning fireplaces.
they are located and by building name for fish and plants and a public park
Indoors, there are billiard and card rooms,
including trails and an interpretative
or address within cities with multiple and recreational facilities, which include
boardwalk. Phase 1 of the mill renovation
examples. whirlpools, saunas and an exercise room.
is complete and seven professional artists
Outdoors, there is a tennis court, croquet
and crafts people have taken studio space.
lawn, and heated swimming pool. Langdon
The completion of the project is expected
Hall is situated on 200 acres of lawns,
to occur until 2007.
gardens and woodlands.
www.thehillsofheadwaters.com
43
Name: School of Architecture Name: Post House Name: Whig-Standard Building
Address: 7 Melville St. S., Cambridge Address: 41 George St., Brantford Address: 302-310 King St., Kingston
The University of Waterloo School of
44
Name: Idlewyld Inn Name: Willowbank Estate Name: Maplehurst
Address: 36 Grand Ave., London Address: 14487 Niagara Pkwy, Queenston Address: 14 St. David St. W., Thorold
The Idlewyld mansion was built in The stone mansion, sitting atop a hill
1878 as a private home for Charles Smith Built by Hugh Keefer in 1887,
facing the Niagara River, was built in 1834 by Maplehurst is a regional landmark. Second
Hymna, successful businessman, Mayor of the Sheriff of Niagara, Alexander Hamilton.
London, Cabinet Minister in the only to the home of William Hamilton
Regarded as one of the finest examples of Merritt, it is the most important residence
government of Prime Minister Wilfrid colonial architecture in North America, it is
Laurier, captain of Canadaís most connected to the development of the
one of only three surviving Greek Revival Welland Canal. Designated under the
successful national cricket team and seven- houses designed by renowned architect John
time Canadian Menís Singles Tennis Ontario Heritage Act, Maplehurst is
Latshaw. The Willowbank School will provide located in a dramatic setting with
champion. The Idlewyld was sold in the a comprehensive restoration arts curriculum,
1930ís to Ernest Moore, who transformed commanding views of downtown Thorold
aided in part by a $150,000 grant from the and the Welland Canal. The house is built
the mansion into luxury apartments. Ontario Trillium Foundation. Course offerings
Another conversion, during the 1960ís, of red stone in the Richardson Romanesque
will include two- and three-year style. Notable features include: 9,000 sq.
was to a nursing home. The Idlewyld was apprenticeship programs and hands-on
sold in 1985 and underwent 6 months of ft., grand staircase, 8 fireplaces, and 12
workshops in restoring or reproducing heritage foot ceilings. Scheduled to open in 2005,
extensive refurbishment. The Idlewyld Inn objects. The school will teach internal and
officially opened as a luxury the site is being transformed into a
external renovation techniques as well as Heritage Inn, with fine dinning.
accommodation in July 1986. The original restoration of furniture, books, textiles and
house included a formal parlour, a dining landscaping; a Saturday morning lecture series
room with original Linsrusts-Walton wall is already underway for anyone interested in
coverings, an informal parlour for the lady heritage preservation. Given the provinceís
of the house, a library with a private study, wealth of historic homes, and the rarity of
and a ballroom. The master bedroom was such programs, Willowbank will be the only
once directly attached to a sunroom, which school of its kind in Ontario. The opening of
is now the second floor landing of the main this centre of excellence is good news for the
staircase. The third floor would have been heritage community.
used as servantsí quarters. www.trilliumfoundation.org
www.idlewyldinn.com www.keeferdevelopments.com
45
Name: 1 King West Name: 6 Bartlett Ave. Name: 8-16 Croft St.
Address: 1 King W., Toronto Address: 6 Bartlett Ave., Toronto Address: 8-16 Croft St., Toronto
One of the first loft style condominium Located near Little Italy, just east of
buildings in Toronto, 6 Bartlett Avenue is Bathurst and College St., Croft is a
located just north of Bloor Street and east freehold development of 5 townhouse style
of Dufferin Street. The building was lofts completed in 1989 by architects
completed in 1985 by Allan D. Gordon Littlewood Hess. This former armory is
Associates. In fact, it won the Ontario located on a very interesting back alley
Renews Awards in 1985 for its successful lane, giving the homes a decidedly
conversion to residential housing. The forbidden yet trendy feel about them. The
multi story 2000 sq. ft homes have the
complex houses 13 units ranging from
Developer Harry Stinson is converting 1300 to 1600 sq. ft., and prices start at flexibility for a home office or separate
the landmark 1912 Dominion Bank $300,000 rising to over $400,000. apartment, typically living areas and a
headquarters at 1 King West to residential Condominium fees are the same for all large bedroom are located on level 2. Level
apartment units. The project features 200 units and are very reasonable ( utilities 3 consists of a den between two large
apartment units in the former bank extra ). Every suite comes with one terrace/decks. High ceilings, exposed
headquarters, and an additional penthouse separate exterior garage space. Typical brick, industrial design features and
level with 8 townhouse residences. A 6- characteristics of this complex are low vaulted ceilings make for spectacular
storey interior garden atrium is integrated condominium fees, large cedar roof decks, living. Prices start at $475,000. Croft is
along with a private restaurant and lounge fireplaces and three levels of living space. right from the pages of Architectural
on the 12th and 13th floors. Along with the Security is provided through an Digest.
conversion, a 51-storey tower rising 578 Enterphone System. 6 Bartlett Avenue
feet with 362 apartment units is being enjoys very little natural window light, as it
developed along side the former bank. is located on two lot lines. However, a 30
foot atrium with skylights brings tons of
light throughout the space.
46
Name: 10 Sword Name: 20 Brockton St. Name: 41 Shanly
Address:10 Sword St. Toronto Address: 20 Brockton St., Toronto Address: 41 Shanly St., Toronto
Built in 1985 by Jackson Goad
Completed by Peachtree Properties in Formerly a machine shop, it was
Architects, 20 Brockton is truly one of the
1997, 10 Sword Street is located in south converted into 10 loft units in 1983.
more interesting loft developments in
Cabbagetown (north of Gerrard Street Located north of Bloor Street West and
Toronto. Literally situated off a back alley,
East and east of Parliament Street). The just west off Dovercourt, 41 Shanly Street
the building houses 18 suites, all with
building consists of 11 suites ranging from was one of Torontoís first condominium
separate entrances. Lying between Queen
725 sq. ft. to 1800 sq. ft. Surrounded by loft conversions. Units range in price from
Street West and Dundas Street West and
single family homes in a residential $240,000 for an 800 sq. ft. one bedroom, to
east of Brock Street, 20 Brockton is
neighbourhood, 10 Sword Street is $600,000 for an 1800 sq. ft. multi-bedroom
conveniently located near the TTC
conspicuous due to its size and industrial suite. Some units have private garage
streetcar line. All units are multiple-storey
warehouse architecture. The suites have parking while others have outdoor spaces.
with very open concept designs. Ceilings
12 foot ceilings, raw concrete features Due to the site constraints, overhead
are typically more than 10 feet in height.
(columns and ceilings) and access to either skylights and atriums typically provide the
Many units have terraces or patios and
private patios, private decks or shared light. Every suite has a private roof deck
fireplaces, and most do not have air-
decks. There are 8 indoor parking spaces. and fireplace. Ceiling heights are also very
conditioning. All suites have outdoor
Condominium fees are very low but do high ñ up to 16 feet. Condominium fees are
parking spaces. The lofts range in size
not include heat/air conditioning, hydro or low for all suites (approximately $350) and
from 1100 sq. ft. to over 1600 sq. ft., and
water. Many suites do have fireplaces and include water, parking, building insurance
prices start at $270,000. All units have the
hardwood floors. 10 Sword Street is a and common elements (heat, hydro and air-
same incredibly reasonable condominium
infill-type loft building that offers great conditioning are extra). 41 Shanly Street is
fee that does not include utilities. Brockton
space for approximately $260 per sq. ft. an interesting condominium alternative and
represents excellent value for the money in
typically sells very well.
west side Toronto.
47
Name: 47 Colborne St Name: 115 Manning Name: 200 Clinton
Address: 47 Colborne St., Toronto Address: 115 Manning St., Toronto Address: 200 Clinton St., Toronto
Just 6 lofts are housed in this
interesting converted warehouse. It is hard to imagine a location better
Developed by Hans Monvik in 1986, most for lofts than being just a few steps from
of the original building was lost in a fire the ultra hip & trendy College / Clinton
thus the building is largely new. All the intersection in Little Italy. Just 13 units are
lofts have outdoor spaces ( patios or roof housed in this mews style development.
decks / terraces ), however only 4 units Essentially, the building consists of two-
have parking spaces. Ceilings vary from 9 and three-storey townhouse lofts with
to 12 feet in height. The units range from a ceilings that typically range from 9-1/2 feet
900 sq. ft. one-bedroom to 1650 sq. ft. two- to 11feet in height. Most units have private
bedroom. Fireplaces and open concept outdoor space like patios or decks, and
living is the marquee of 115 Manning some offer vaulted double height ceilings.
Avenue. Due to its back alley location and Formerly a warehouse, architects Jackson
small size, most people are not aware of Goad managed to preserve some of the
115 Manning Avenue. Located, literally, a original industrial features like wood
couple of blocks from Queen Street West beams, exposed brick and authentic
and Bathurst Street, the location is terrific. hardwood floors. Prices at the development
Condo fees are very reasonable and do not start at $300 per sq. ft. and units range
include utilities. Prices start at $250 per sq. from 1300 ñ 2400 sq. ft. Condo fees are
ft. reasonable and do not cover utilities.
48
Name: 289 Sumach Name: Candy Factory Name: Carpet Factory
Address: 289 Sumach St., Toronto Address: 993 Queen St. W., Toronto Address: 77 Mowat Ave., Toronto
289 Sumach Street is located just north
of Gerrard Street East and west of Film and video companies, post-
Developed and finished by the Metro
Parliament, in the south part of production firms, marketing and
Ontario Group in 1999/2000, The Candy
Cabbagetown. Ten suites are housed in this communication agencies, software
Factory is perhaps Torontoís most
former Ontario Medical College for developers, architects, boutique law firms
notorious condominium development. This
Women. Completed in 1984, most of the are the core of a highly creative
building is graced with spectacular natural
original 1890 facade has been maintained. community at the southeast quadrant of
loft qualities and classic industrial
Ceilings are very high (up to 15 feet). King and Dufferin Streets, an area
architecture. The Candy Factory is a
Layouts range from single-storey to multi- affectionately known as Liberty Village. At
massive century old warehouse
storey lofts and sizes range from an 800 sq. the centre of this community is the Toronto
encompassing an entire city block at Queen
ft. one-bedroom to 2000 sq. ft. for multi- Carpet Factory, a 310,000 sq. ft. complex
Street West and Shaw Street, that was once
bedroom suites. Prices start at $240,000 of eight buildings, on a four acre, one city
the Ceda Candy Co. factory. 121 large lofts
and rise to the $600,000 range. block site, housing over 150 businesses.
are housed over six stories, ranging from
Maintenance fees are low ñ typically $200 A centre of creativity, a full city block in
800 sq. ft. to almost 4000 sq. ft. Typically,
per month with air-conditioning, heat and size, it was originally built as a carpet
ceiling heights are a lofty 12 feet high.
hydro billed as an extra. There is no manufacturing facility between 1899 and
Most penthouses feature 2 levels and large
concierge. Many units have private the 1920ís. An historically listed, turn-of-
terraces off the second level. Other features
terrace/decks and some have skylights, the century office complex featuring
of The Candy Factory include real
exposed wood ceilings, beams and brick. several buildings clustered around internal
hardwood strip flooring, some exposed
courtyards and laneways. They feature
brick, mezzanine bedrooms, exposed fir
high ceilings, exposed brick and beams
columns and beams, exposed wood
with large, operable and secure windows,
ceilings, floating spiral ductwork and
and economical internet connectivity.
granite counters just to name but a few.
Companies in the Carpet Factory maintain
Many suites feature gas fireplaces and
that the nature and quality of the office
kitchens. Prices range from $270,000 to
accommodation has enhanced their ability
$1,200,000 ($270 ñ $325 per sq. ft.).
to recruit and retain employees.
www.torontocarpetfactory.com/
49
Name: Cathedral Square Name: Claremont Hall Name: Hepbourne Hall
Address: 105-109 King St. E., Toronto Address: 34 Claremont St., Toronto Address: 110 Hepbourne St., Toronto
The buildings that occupy the corner
of King and Church Streets in Torontoís Hepbourne Hall is located just west of
Completed in 1995 by the prolific loft
Flatiron District are believed to be the Dovercourt and just south of Bloor Street
developer Bob Mitchell, with partners,
oldest remaining structures in the city. West. It was converted from a church
Claremount Hall is located west of
Built in 1841 by William Thomas, these manse by Bob Mitchell in 1992. Only 20
Bathurst, just north of Queen Street West.
buildings survived the Great Fire of 1849 units are housed in this Gothic structure.
Only 13 units exist in this former church
and witnessed the return of our soldiers Suites range from a 550 sq. ft. studio to a
hall. All suites face south and have some
from World War II. The mid- to late-19th form of outdoor patio or deck. Ceiling 2200+ sq. ft., multi-level, multi-bedroom
century was the hey-day of King Street loft. Prices range from $300 per sq. ft. to
heights range from 8 to 14 feet and all
East as THE street of Toronto and these well over $325 per sq. ft. for the more
units have fireplaces. Parking is located
buildings shared in the glory. But the end interesting units. Parking is underground
underground with each unit having access
was just around the corner as bigger and and many suites have open decks or patios.
to one space. Typical of Mitchell
more lavish shopping emporiums were developments, the heating system is Ceiling heights are typically 12 feet and
beginning to sprout further along King hardwood floors are a common feature.
forced-air gas and central air-conditioning
Street towards Yonge Street. In 1938, Oak Maintenance fees are low (typically well
was optional. Units range from 600 to 1200
Hall was demolished to make way for a below $200 per month); however, as with
sq. ft. and prices start at $225,000 and rise
parking lot and for the next 50 years 107, most small loft properties, facilities and
to $370,000. There is one condominium
109 and 111 King Street East became a fee for all units and the fees are very low concierge do not exist.
series of second hand clothing outlets,
(utilities are extra ).
warehouses and, finally, empty store
fronts. In the early 1960ís, over 200
buildings were demolished in the blocks
surrounding Jarvis, King, and Yonge and
Front Streets. Either by divine intervention
or momentary sanity by the City Council,
this little corner was saved.
50
Name: Imperial Lofts Name: Kensington Lofts Name: Leadlay Building
Address: 80/90 Sherbourne St., Toronto Address: 160 Baldwin St., Toronto Address: 87 Front St. E, Toronto
Developed by Context Developments
Imperial Lofts is the reincarnation of The building is known as the The
at what was formerly The Provincial
the Imperial Optical Warehouse and Edward Leadley Company Building, which
Institute of Trades and then George Brown
Offices, located on the northwest corner of was constructed by Mr. Leadley in 1848 as
College, Kensington Lofts sits in the
Sherbourne Street and Adelaide Street a hide and wool warehouse. Mr. Leadley
middle of the Kensington Market.
East. Developed by Plaza Corporation and subsequently altered the building in 1871
Completed in late 1999, this project
Gottdenker & Associates in 1997, the with the addition of a Second Empire slate-
consists of 3 different buildings ñ two on
building consists of a 6-storey authentic finished roof with dormer windows and a
Nassau Street, and one on Baldwin Street.
loft building and a 3-storey art deco four-storey warehouse at the rear. The
Ceiling heights range from 10 feet to an
building. Sixty suites are housed in the property underwent an extensive
astounding 20 feet. 145 lofts are housed in
complex. The 6-storey mill-style structure renovation process in the early 1970ís, and
this complex, many with large balconies or
features exposed wood beams and brick again in the 1980ís. In 1998, Tippin
terraces. Suites start at 600 sq. ft. and get
walls as well as 10-1/2 foot ceilings. The Corporation completed a restoration of the
as large as 2000 sq. ft. Prices typically start
3-storey building features 10 foot ceilings, buildingís exterior, which restored the
in the $300 per sq. ft. range. Interior
concrete ceilings and columns. Parking is buildingís many historic architectural
finishes include cork, bamboo or hardwood
available for residents of the building. features. The interior units have retained
floors, kitchens are large and open, and
Views of the city and surrounding area are much of their original character, while
many units have mezzanines. Facilities
actually quite good. Suite sizes vary from successfully incorporating modern
include a party meeting room. Condo fees
780 sq. ft. to 1300 sq. ft., and pricing amenities and services. One hundred and
are a reasonable $0.25 per sq. ft. plus
ranges from $280 - $300 per sq. ft. (prices thirty four years since its original
hydro.
are higher in the mill-style building). construction, 87 Front St. E. remains a
Condominium fees are very low (hydro notable landmark address in the St.
extra). There is no concierge and few Lawrence Market neighbourhood. Under
facilities. the attentive management of Tippin
Corporation, this property will soon enter
its third century with renewed splendour
and beauty.
51
Name: Liberty Lofts Name: Market Block Building Name: Noble Court
Address: 383 Adelaide St. E., Toronto Address: 65 Front St. E., Toronto Address: 24 Noble St., Toronto
Liberty Lofts is situated just east of Located just off Queen Street West, in
Sherbourne on Adelaide Street East. It is Parkdale (at Brock Street), 24 Noble Street
This historical building forms an
truly a rare occurrence to find such a
integral part of the group of 19th Century houses lofts from 460 sq.ft. to 1200 sq.ft.
handsome warehouse so close to the Prices generally run at $260 per sq. ft. It is
buildings along the south side of Front St.
financial core. In a former life, the building still possible to buy a loft at 24 Noble
E. The Market Block Building was built in
was a Gillette Razor factory before it fell Street for under $130,000. Ceiling heights
1872 for warehousing purposes and is
into vacant disrepair in the 1990's. Core are a healthy 10-1/2 feet. Building features
listed on the City of Torontoís Inventory of
Architects did a magnificent job on this 46 include; exposed brick, hardwood floors,
Heritage Properties. The building was
unit real loft conversion. It is actually two massive timber columns and beams.
extensively renovated in 1999 by Tippin
warehouses in one, a turn of the century Architecturally this building is superb, a
Corporation. The building has retained its
brick post and beam structure and a 1920's real mill style loft. Renovated in 1989 as
original character, while successfully
fluted concrete column structure. The an office/industrial studio conversion by
incorporating modern amenities and
architect preserved the interior courtyard Greenwin Properties, it was rezoned in the
services. Located in Canadaís financial
by adding a skylit atrium. The elevator mid-90ís as live/work lofts. Maintenance
centre within the historic St. Lawrence
rises through the atrium with a window fees are in the $0.30 per sq. ft. range plus
Market neighborhood in downtown
looking into the spectacular open space. 36 utilities. The complex has limited first
Toronto, 65 Front Street East is home to
one-bedroom and 10 two-bedroom two come first serve parking (20 spaces) and no
professional firms seeking convenient,
level penthouses (with decks) are housed in facilities.
affordable, and fashionable commercial
Liberty Lofts. Only penthouses have
workspace. The Market Block Building
parking (interior spaces at grade). Ceiling
offers the combination of an interesting
heights are a lofty 11-13 feet. Sizes range
history, architectural charm, natural
from 585 sq. ft. up to 1360 sq. ft. Prices
environment, and modern commercial
range from $180,000 up to $400,000.
amenities sought by todayís urban
professional. www.tippin.net
52
Name: One Columbus Avenue Name: Richmond Mews Name: Soho
Address: One Columbus Ave., Toronto Address: 287 Richmond St. E., Toronto Address: 188 Eglinton Ave. E., Toronto
Located off Sorauren Avenue, south of
Developed in 1997 by Alan Gordon,
Dundas Street West in Parkdale, One this loft conversion houses just 15 suites in
Columbus Avenue was completed in 1996. a 5 storey warehouse located just east of Located on the Yonge and Eglinton
Built by Jackson Goad Architects, the 5 Sherbourne Street on Richmond Street East strip, The Soho is very popular, selling at
story building is truly an authentic loft. (formerly an Instrument Factory). Ground prices in the $300 per sq. ft. It is one of the
Formerly the Rawlings Baseball Glove floor units feature walkouts to private west only loft alternatives in the area.
factory, its features include 10 foot patios, and penthouses feature large west Completed in 1998 by developer Bruce
ceilings, exposed brick, wood beams and roof terraces. As the original structure was Greenberg, it was once a 1950ís style
columns. Just 10 lofts are housed in the an industrial warehouse ceiling heights are office building with high ceilings. As a
building, ranging in size from 1300 sq. ft. a soaring 11 feet. All suites feature modern loft conversion, it works very well.
to over 2000 sq. ft. Many lofts have private hardwood floors in living, dining/kitchen Large, multi-paned windows, hardwood or
elevator access to their units. Due to the areas. Windows are large multipaned concrete floors, 11 foot ceilings and
small building size, there are no facilities. panels of glass that allow for bright spaces. excellent interior design features make The
Prices run from $250 per sq. ft. and condo Units vary from an 800 sq. ft. single level Soho an excellent loft alternative. Suites
fees are very low (hydro extra). one-bedroom to 1300 sq. ft. two-storey two range from a 600 sq. ft. one-bedroom to
bedroom. Prices start at $260 per sq. ft. 1100 sq. ft. two bedroom. Just 60 suites are
Condo fees are less than $200 per month housed in the building. Parking is available
(utilities extra) and parking is located for lease below the building, facilities
outdoors. include a party room and a fitness room.
Condo fees are a reasonable $0.25 per sq.
ft. (utilities extra).
53
Name: Studio One Name: The Brewery Name: The Creed Building
Address: 121 Prescott Ave., Toronto Address: 90 Sumach St., Toronto Address: 295 Davenport Rd., Toronto
The Brewery is a massive six story
This 27-unit authentic loft building was
former CBC prop warehouse located a few
developed in 1996 by Ontonio Gottdenker. The Creed Building houses 19 loft-
steps north of Queen Street East. Just over
Located very close to St. Clair Street West style units and sits at the intersection of
100 lofts are housed in this fantastic
and Dufferin Street, suites range from 500 Bedford Road and Davenport Road,
development. Completed in 1998 by the
to 1000 sq. ft. They start at $120,000.00 literally straddling the Bloor Annex and
Sorbara Group, The Brewery is one of the
and run to $235,000.00. Ceilings are a 11 Yorkville. Developed in 1998 by Brian
cities best conversions. Ceiling heights are
feet high, and all exterior walls have lovely Timmons, Michael Hatch and Nari
14 feet high. New windows were cut into
original exposed brick. Other loft features Thadani, the building was formerly the
the original faÁade offering huge panes of
include exposed wood columns and beams, Creedís fur storage facility. Lofts range in
glass. Most penthouses have roof terraces
hardwood floors and very open concept size from 800 sq. ft. to 2100 sq. ft.
and many other suites opted for optional
studio layouts. Maintenance fees are Typically multi-storey, ceiling heights run
balconies. As the building is so large, the
currently less than $0.20 per sq. ft., utilities from 8 feet to 13 feet Some of the features
units are necessarily deep, generally
included. Central air conditioning was not of this 3-storey Art Deco loft building are;
offering a window only at one end. Most
provided, but all units do have one exterior terraces, patios, skylights, atrium,
suites feature concrete floors and ceilings
parking spot. Some select suites have hardwood floors, gas fireplaces and open
with huge concrete mushroom columns. As
balconies. concept kitchens. Prices start at $300 per
an assortment of upgrading was available,
sq. ft., condo fees are reasonable (utilities
many original purchasers have literally
extra) and once again due to its small size
painted their own canvas to create
there are no facilities. If youíre looking for
magnificent authentic lofts. Suites range
a loft in Yorkville, this is currently the only
from 750 sq. ft. to over 3000 sq. ft. Prices
show in town.
start at $220,000 and can rise to more than
$1,000,000.
54
Name: The Flatiron Building Name: The Gladstone Hotel Name: The Industrial Revolution I
Address: 49 Wellington St. E., Toronto Address: 1214 Queen St. W., Toronto Address: 676 Richmond St. W., Toronto
The Gooderham Flatiron Building is a
Toronto landmark. It is one of the most
Affordable, artful accommodations,
famous and photographed buildings in hotel rooms and suites, short-term studio
Canada and is widely recognized as a spaces, exhibition space, and event venues Located on a quiet residential section
symbol of Torontoís prosperity. Designed in a landmark hotel. The Gladstone Hotel of Richmond Street West, 676 Richmond
by architect David Roberts for the is the oldest continuously operating hotel Street West is probably the best located
Gooderham familyís head office in 1892, in Toronto. Susanna Robinson loft complex in Toronto. Originally a
The Flatiron building is named for its commissioned architect George Miller, knitting mill, the building was converted to
unique shape. The Gothic-Romanesque who also designed Massey Hall, to build house 20 condominiums in 1997 by
structure was designated as a historical the Gladstone in 1889. The hotel is Mitchell and Associates. Suites range from
landmark in 1975 and has retained much of gradually being restored to reflect the a 750 sq. ft. one bedroom to 2000+ sq. ft.
its original character and craftsmanship. buildingís architectural history and looks multi-level suites. Virtually every unit has
The sandstone faÁade and green copper forward to opening its newly renovated a patio or a terrace. Prices start at $240,000
roof flashings remain intact, while the rooms to guests in May/June 2005. The and rise to $700,000. All units come with
interior spaces feature pine and oak Gladstone has three bars: The Melody bar an underground parking space, fireplace,
finishes with lofty 12 foot ceilings. The (voted ì Best Karaoke Barî four years high ceilings (10-16 feet) and hardwood
lobbyís brass fittings and chandelier, pine running by Now magazine readers), the Art floors. Separations between suites consist
baseboards, and wainscoting have been Bar, and the Gladstone Ballroom. The of concrete blocks, insulation and drywall
restored to their original lustre. Torontoís Gladstone hosts events for a vast range of (uncommonly good for a conversion). All
first manual electric elevator, with oak artists and community groups. suites are air-conditioned and most have
paneling, mirrored ceilings, stained glass huge windows. Many units have two
www.gladstonehotel.com/
and decorative iron grill, is still in full storeys. Condominium fees are typically in
operation. The Flatiron Building the low $100ís per month (hydro, heat,
demonstrates quite profoundly that the old water and air-conditioning are extra). Due
and the new can coexist peacefully and to the small size of the building, there is no
beautifully. concierge. Lofts sell very fast at 676
Richmond Street West.
55
Name: The Industrial Revolution II Name: The Lofts on Frederick St. Name: The Lofts on Sorauren
Address: 670 Richmond St. W., Toronto Address: 180 Frederick St., Toronto Address: 347 Sorauren Ave., Toronto
The second phase of Bob Mitchellís
Located in North Parkdale in a
successful 676 Richmond Street West, this Located at the corner of King Street
pleasant residential neighborhood, 347
12-unit loft building was completed in East and Frederick Street (east of Jarvis),
Sorauren was initially a ball bearing
1997, literally carved from the former literally steps to the St. Lawrence Market,
factory. It is actually a composite of the
Decca Records warehouse. All of the lofts is 180 Frederick Street. Housed in a former
initial mill style warehouse with two new
are multi-storey units. Lower lofts have a four story commercial building, just 12
additions. The first level generally features
small section below grade and a large suites are located on the top 2 floors (3rd
15 foot ceilings, massive timber columns
section above (south units feature patios at and 4th) of the building. Completed in
and beams. Some of the first floor lofts
grade), upper loft units feature 3 levels and 1998, 180 Frederick has seen virtually
actually have private patios fronting on to a
a terrace. The lofts range in size from 700 nothing resold, however the suites should
new park. The second level is a steel
sq. ft. to approx 2000 sq. ft. Ceiling heights resell in the $300 per sq. ft. area. Lofts
framed structure offering exposed steel
range from 12 feet to over 20 feet high. range from 760 sq. ft. to 1050 sq. ft. and all
joists and steep pan ceilings soaring to 12
Most lofts feature hardwood floors, huge are one-bedroom units. Ceiling heights are
feet. The building houses 48 lofts, and 70%
warehouse windows, skylights, multi ñ a lofty 11 feet high. Other features include
of the floor area is on the first floor.
level atriums, exposed steel joints and real hardwood floors, open concept maple
Fabulous gothic features were enhanced by
fireplaces. Typical of Mitchell kitchens and large windows. Condo fees
architect Jeff Kendall and developer Mel
Developments, there is one low condo fee are very reasonable. Parking is available in
Brown. Prices range from $150,000 -
for all the units (utilities are extra) and no the building on a monthly rental basis. Due
$450,000 ($180 per sq. ft.). Condo fees are
common facilities. All suites have one to the small number of units in the building
very low (utilities extra). Completed in
underground parking space. Prices start at there is no concierge. 180 Frederick is
2000, Sorauren is part of an amazing
$300 per sq. ft. currently the only loft complex in the St.
residential transformation to this former
Lawrence Market area.
industrial area.
56
Name: The Loretto Name: The Merchandise Building glass partitioned bathrooms, elevated
Address: 387 Brunswick Ave., Toronto Address: 155 Dalhousie St., Toronto bedrooms, granite open concept
kitchens and huge solid maple sliding
doors are some of the key features.
Lofts range from 450 sq. ft. to 2500 +
sq. ft. Two-storey penthouses feature
huge terraces, and some atrium style
lofts have balconies. Prices start at
$280 per sq. ft. This complex is huge
and literally crammed with facilities;
24 hour concierge, outdoor pool,
party room, basketball court, fitness
Loretto Abbey, designed by architect facilities, guest suites, common
Neil G. Beggs, was completed in 1914. terraces but to name a few. Condo
fees are a reasonable $0.30 per sq. ft.
The structure incorporates numerous
Formerly the Sears warehouse, (hydro extra). The Merchandise
Beaux-Arts Design principals popular at
the Merchandise building is Building is located at Dundas St. E
the time. The building is listed on the City
Torontoís largest loft development. A and Church St., just steps to the
of Toronto Inventory of Heritage
total of 4 phases and over 450 suites Eaton Centre and Ryerson
Properties. It is a landmark in the popular
exist in this huge development. Universtiy. This awesome
Annex neighbourhood of Toronto. Loretto
Literally encompassing an entire city development literally changed the
Abbey is being renovated to house a
block, this loft complex features 12 development industry in Toronto by
heritage collection of condominium
foot ceilings, exposed concrete showcasing the insatiable demand for
residences and exclusive town homes.
ceilings, polished concrete or lofts.
Restoration of this heritage building will be
hardwood floors, and massive
one of the most significant design and
mushroom columns so reminiscent of
construction undertakings in the city. The
the era when this wonderful building
existing building will be maintained and
was erected (1930ís). Designers
restored in keeping with its historic
Norma King, Cicconi Simone, and
relevance and beauty. The Loretto will be
Brian Goldstein, have literally
comprised of a one-of-a-kind collection of
become city celebrities due to their
elegant condominium residences that
ground breaking loft designs. Hats
reflect the historic charm and high ceilings
off to developer Cresford and
of the heritage building. The overall
architect Paul Northgrave for their
complex will be centred on an interior
great work in this oh so important
landscaped courtyard and amenities
development. Due to the depth of the
pavilion with most condominium
original building; many of the lofts
residences and town homes including
have a bowling alley look on paper;
private terraces and balconies.
however great design has virtually
www.context.ca
eliminated this problem as the lofts
are nothing short of spectacular. Sexy
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Name: The Monarch Building Name: The Movie House Name: The Oxford on Markham
Address: 436 Wellington St. W., Toronto Address: 394 Euclid Ave., Toronto Address: 75 Markham St., Toronto
Another Bob Mitchell development, 75
The Movie House is so named because Markham Street was completed in 1986
The Worx was completed in 1998 by it was at one time a Movie House. and sits just northwest of Queen Street
Waterloo Capital, John Berman and Developed in 1998, it is located on the West and Bathurst Street. Just 16 suites are
Matthew Rosenblatt. The building north-east corner of College Street and housed in this former picture frame
contains 34 suites and is located just west Euclid Avenue. Just 18 units exist in the factory. Most suites are multi-level and
of Spadina Avenue on Wellington Street building and there are no parking facilities. some have as many as four levels.
West. This is an authentic loft-style The suites are of a multi-storey townhouse Condominium fees are all typically less
complex with 10-1/2 to 11 foot ceilings, style, with the top level units having roof than $200 per month, plus utilities. All
exposed wood columns and ceilings, terraces. The living room/dining areas units have a fireplace and many have
exposed brick and large windows. The usually have 16 foot ceilings with a exposed brick and hardwood floors.
building features one- and two-storey mezzanine overlooking the area below. Ceiling heights run between 10 to 12 feet.
lofts ranging from 980 sq. ft. to 1800 sq. Unit sizes range from a 730 sq. ft. one Other loft features include timber columns
ft., selling at $300 per sq. ft. The top two bedroom on one level, to a 1300 sq. ft. two and steel joists. Many units have creative
levels (fifth and sixth floors) are two- bedroom on three levels. Pricing will spaces and private roof decks or patios, as
storey penthouse units with terraces that typically be in the $300 per sq. ft. range. well as skylights. All units have
would sell in the $350 per sq. ft. range. Maintenance fees are approximately $0.30 underground parking spaces. Prices start at
Condominium fees are a reasonably low per sq. ft. (excluding heat, air-conditioning $300 per sq. ft.
$0.20 per sq. ft. (hydro extra). and hydro). The original facade of this
complex was saved in the renovation and it
is quite lovely.
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Name: The Peanut Factory Name: The Wrigley Building Name: Tip Top Lofts
Address: 306 Sackville St., Toronto Address: 245 Carlaw Ave., Toronto Address: 637 Lakeshore Bl. W., Toronto
The Peanut Factory is so named
The Tip Top Tailor Building has been
because it was at one time a peanut Originally a gum factory, The Wrigley a distinctive art deco landmark on
warehouse and processing plant located in Building, a 6-strorey building, dates back Torontoís waterfront for over seven
the heart of Cabbagetown. It was re- to 1916. Freight elevators complement the decades. Completed in 1929, it housed the
developed in 1988 by Trivest. It is now 9 industrial motif, and if you're lucky, a few manufacturing, warehousing, retail and
loft-style condominium townhomes. Most units have a freight elevator that enters office operations of Tip Top Tailors Ltd., a
suites have two bedrooms, although one is right into the loft! Naturally, the ceilings menswear firm founded in 1910. The five-
a one-bedroom with den. The main level is are superbly high, and property taxes and storey U-shaped structure designed by Roy
a storage/utility area and a two-piece maintenance fees are incredibly low. Units Bishop featured expansive windows to
washroom. The second floor has 8 foot have increased in value, as many have been bring natural light into the working areas
ceilings, two bedrooms, two washrooms upgraded and restored beyond what they of the factory. The stretch of blank faÁade
and the laundry room. The third floor has were originally sold as. The Wrigley above the fifth storey, initially built to
12 foot ceilings and a gigantic warehouse Building is located in the burgeoning area support the rooftop sign, was completely
window at one end. The fourth level is the of Leslieville, a part of the city you'll see enclosed as a sixth story in 1951. The Tip
private roof deck, accessed by a beautiful develop more and more as it attracts a Top Tailors Building was listed on the City
floating steel staircase. Suites range from greater number of loft-owners, who of Toronto Inventory of Heritage
1400-2000 sq. ft. and sell for typically keep pulse with contemporary Properties in 1973. It was the most elegant
approximately $250 per sq. ft. All suites style. industrial structure built in Toronto in the
have real fireplaces and typically feel light 1920ís. It incorporates all the key elements
and bright. Maintenance fees are a Brad J. Lamb Condominiums of the Art Deco genre, including a
Loft Magazine symmetrical faÁade, strong vertical lines,
reasonable $200 to $250 per month (plus http://www.torontocondos.com
air-conditioning, heat and hydro). Retrieved: March 3, 2005 multiple wall planes at the corners, an
elegant two-storey front entrance with
articulated brass doors, and numerous
examples of geometric and figurative
decoration.
www.context.ca
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Name: West 833 Name: Alexander School Name: Bridgeport Lofts
Address: 833 King St. W., Toronto Address: Alexandra St., Waterloo Address: 12 Bridgeport Rd. E., Waterloo
West 833 is located west of Bathurst
The ì Boot and Shoe Factoryî had
Street, just east of Stanley Park. It was remained empty and derelict for 10
built by Triloft in 1998. It is comprised of This former school has 30-inch years when a Toronto development
an original art deco building (a 3-level exterior walls, 24-inch concrete floors, company purchased it for conversion to
former 1930ís perfumery), along with a and interior walls thick enough to allow rental housing for students. Built
new seven storey loft-style concrete and for built-in customized woodwork and around a central courtyard, this turn of
brick structure. Suites range from 645 sq.
optimal soundproofing. Eleven foot the century building boasts 24
ft. to 1614 sq. ft, ceiling heights run from
10 feet in the original building to 18 feet in ceilings, 8 foot high windows, original innovative loft units possessing modern
the new structure. (Two-storey penthouses birdís-eye maple hardwood floors and design features. Six of the units are on
have 18 foot ceilings in the living/dining large, solid oak doors and banisters one floor while the other eighteen
areas and 9 feet in other areas.) Prices start have been restored throughout, as have occupy two floors of living space. Each
at $225,000 for a 1 Bedroom suite and run the original terrazzo floors in the 12- unit is equipped with a modern kitchen
to the mid-$400,000 area for a large foot-wide corridors that still retain the and appliances, matching kitchen table
penthouse. Fifty-two suites are housed in school drinking fountains. The suites, and chairs, a desk in every bedroom,
this beige brick complex, along with fifty- which are all different, range in price separate internet, phone and cable
two indoor parking stalls and three visitor from $169,000 to $219,000 and in size access in every bedroom if desired.
parking spaces. Condominium fees are from 950 sq. ft. to 1402 sq. ft. The Building amenities include central
reasonable and include all utilities.
units feature maple cherrywood courtyard, laundry facilities, billiard
Facilities include a conference room and a
common roof park/terrace. There is no cabinets, maple framed silk window room, bicycle room, security cameras
concierge. West 833 is a good example of treatments, glass-block interior walls, and a full-time live in superintendent.
the inventive new loft inspired housing extensive architectural millwork, Due to the demand for student rental
recently completed in Toronto. granite counters and accents, gas accommodation, the 24 units are
fireplaces, six-foot whirlpool tubs and designed with a total of 105 bedrooms.
stainless steel sinks. www.pdhco.ca/
www.jggroup.on.ca/alex/
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Name: Button Factory Name: Seagram Lofts Name: Snyder-Seagram House
Address: 25 Regina St. S., Waterloo Address: Father David Bauer Dr., Waterloo Address: 50 Albert St., Waterloo
Seagram Lofts is an adaptive reuse of a
brownfield site, which created residential
property in the heart of Waterlooís The Snyder-Seagram House was
designed by an American architect for
downtown core from two heritage whisky-
The Button Factory was erected in Herbert Snyder, the owner of Snyder Bros.
barrel warehouses. As part of downtown
1886 to house the business founded by Furniture. It was built in 1903 by Charles
Waterlooís revitalization, the project was
Richard Roschman in 1878. The building, Moogk, the Engineer for the Town of
the subject of much public interest. The
a fine example of typical late 19th century Waterloo. The impressive Edwardian
project created 103 loft-style condominium
industrial architecture, retains many of its house is interesting primarily because of its
units with high ceilings and large windows.
original features. Its utilitarian design is poured concrete construction. Other
Complementing these features are original
softened by a gable roof with corbelled characteristics include the Palladian
brick walls and barrel-wood, evoking the
bricks under the eaves and segmentally window located in a large dormer in the
old warehouse feel. Seagram Lofts suites
arched windows. The windows themselves faÁade, a collection of bay windows and
range in size from 935 sq. ft. to penthouses
are purposely large, providing as much the curved verandah. The Snyder-Seagram
as large as 2500 sq. ft. Residents say that
natural light as possible to the interior. In house is designated a Heritage Landmark
the costs were not high, considering the
1982, the building was designated by the because of its historical and architectural
prime downtown location, accessibility to
City of Waterloo LACAC as a significant significance. It is currently the office of Dr.
almost every need, aesthetic appeal and
historical and architectural landmark. In Peter Wyshynski, a renowned cosmetic
general convenience. The units initially
1993, the Waterloo Community Arts surgeon.
started at $150,000 and averaged $216,777,
Centre made the Button Factory its home.
although resident-approved upgrades and
design features were incorporated at www.city.waterloo.on.ca
www.city.waterloo.on.ca additional cost.
CMHC Report
61
Name: Waterloo Hotel Name: The Railway Station
Address: 2 King St. N., Waterloo Address: 20 Regina St. S., Waterloo
The railway station is defined as a
ì second class stationî in a style typical of
Grand Trunk Railway stations. This
Enjoy elegant accommodation in an Romanesque building has some significant
1890 historically-designated hotel. The characteristics, such as the sweeping
Waterloo Hotel offers 14 deluxe rooms hipped roof with flared eaves, the ticket
with fireplaces and fine antique office window that extends up and above
furnishings. Each room is different with its the roof line, and a buff brick exterior with
own theme. cut stone trim around the windows, doors
and at the corners of the building. The
buildingís architectural drawings are quite
well documented in the archives in Ottawa
and were useful in restoring the exterior of
the building, which the City undertook
with the aid of an infrastructure grant in
1994. Today, the railway station is home to
Paul Punchers, a menís formal clothing
retailer.
www.city.waterloo.on.ca
www.countryinns.org
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