Unit 1 New business

1. Interest rate: Cost of borrowing money

2. Exchange rate: Price at which one currency can buy another
3. Inflation rate: General increase in prices
4. Labour force: People working
5. Tax incentives: Low taxes to encourage business activity
6. Government bureaucracy: Official rules/regulations/paperwork
7. GDP (Gross domestic product): Total value of goods and services produced in a
country
8. Unemployment rate: Percentage of people without jobs
9. Foreign investment: Money from overseas
10. Balance of trade: Difference in value between a country’s imports and exports
Unit 2 Marketing
1. Brand loyalty: The tendency to always buy a particular brand
2. Brand image: The ideas and beliefs people have about a brand
3. Brand stretching: Using an existing name on another type of product
4. Brand awareness: How familiar people are with a brand
5. Brand name: The name given to a product by the company that makes it
6. Product launch: The introduction of a product to the market
7. Product lifecycle: The length of time people continue to buy a product
8. Product range: The set of products made by a company
9. Product placement: When products are used in films or TV programmes
10. Product endorsement: The use of a well-known person to advertise products
11. Any other business: Often the last item in a meeting, when participants discuss issues
not on the agenda
12. Apologies for absence: Often the first item in a meeting, concerning people who can not
be present
13. Compromise: A way of reaching agreement in which each side concedes or gives up
something it wants
14. To digress: To move off the subject and start talking about something else
15. Minutes: A written report distriputed to participants after a meeting
16. Line-stretching: Making higher or lower quality items in a product line
17. Line-filling: Adding further items to the existing product line
 Unit 3: Negotiation
1. Compromise: An agreement that settles an argument when people reduce their demands
in order to agree
2. Concession: Something which is accepted or given up by one side in order to end a
disagreement
3. Counter-proposal: An offer responding to somebody else’s offer
4. Deal point: An individual item or element in negotiation
5. To leave something hanging: To delay making (or to forget to make) a decision about
something
6. Parameters: Fixed limits within which something can or must happen or done
7. Scenario: A description of a possible event in the future
8. To set something aside: To temporarily ignore or not think about a particular fact
9. Tip: A useful piece of information or advice
10. Trade-off: An exchange involving giving up one thing to get something else
11. Customer-supplier negotiations: Đàm phán người mua – người bán
12. Merger or takeover negotiations: Đàm phán sáp nhập và mua lại
13. Wage negotiations: Đàm phán lương
14. Trade negotiations: Đàm phán thương mại
15. Contract disputes: Tranh chấp hợp đồng
16. Labour disputes: Tranh chấp lao động
17. Trade disputes: Tranh chấp thương mại
Unit 4: Money
1. Gross margin: Difference between the selling price of a product and the cost of
producing it
2. Recession: A period of time when business activity decreases because the economy is
doing badly
3. Shares: Equal parts into which the capital or ownership of a company is divided
4. Debt: Money owed by one person or organization to another person or organization
5. Stock market: A place where the company shares are bought and sold
6. Investment: Money which people or organization put into a business to make a profit
7. Earnings per share: A company’s profits divided by the number of its shares
8. Forecast: A description of what is likely to happen in the future
9. Bankruptcy: When a person or organization is unable to pay their debts
10. Dividend: A part of the profits of a company paid to the owners of shares
11. Pre-tax profits: Money a business makes before payment to the government
12. Revenues: Money in which businesses receive from selling goods or services
13. Profitability: The extent to which an activity provides financial gain