Kode etik

psikologi
 Bab 1 pasal 1
Kode Etik Psikologi Indonesia

Konseling
(oleh profesi psikolog)
vs

Konseling Sederhana
(oleh ilmuwan psikologi)
 Batasan
Bab 1 pasal 1
Kode Etik Psikologi Indonesia

sederhana?
Konseling
(oleh profesi psikolog)
vs

Konseling Sederhana
(oleh ilmuwan psikologi)
 Apakah masyarakat
Bab 1 pasal 1 mengetahui
Kode Etik Psikologi Indonesia
perbedaan tersebut?

Konseling
(oleh profesi psikolog)
vs

Konseling Sederhana
(oleh ilmuwan psikologi)
Occupational
Health
Psychology
Introduction
The term ‘occupational health psychology’ was coined in 1990 at the
University of Hawaii by a team of academics who observed unfulfilled
potential for psychologists to support the development of healthy
work environments.

Stavroula Leka and Jonathan Houdmont. Occupational health psychology. Wiley-Blackwell; 2010.
 PROFESSOR PAUL E. SPECTOR
INDUSTRIAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY

Occupational health psychology or OHP is concerned

with psychological factors that impact employee health
and safety in the workplace, most notably job stress.

http://paulspector.com/organizational-behavior/employee-mental-and-physical-health/what-is-occupational-
health-psychology/
• Occupational health psychology (OHP) is an interdisciplinary
specialty at the cross roads of psychology and public health within
the organizational context of work environments.
There is a wealth of students who want to use psychology
to help people outside of a clinical setting.
Christopher Cunningham, PhD, a University of Tennessee at Chattanooga I/O health psychology professor.

https://www.apa.org/gradpsych/2008/11/postgrad
Because it's so new and it's not health psychology and
it's not I/O psychology, a lot of people don't understand
what we do.
Laura Wheeler Poms, a George Mason University adjunct professor of management.

https://www.apa.org/gradpsych/2008/11/postgrad
 The foundations of European OHP

Work and Organisational Social and Environmental

Health Psychology
Psychology Psychology

Occupational Health Psychology

Peiró JM, Tetrick L. Occupational Health Psychology. IAAP Handbook of Applied Psychology. 2011. 1119- p.
 The foundations of North American OHP
Public Health Psychology Medicine

Occupational
Management
Health and Safety

Occupational Health Psychology

Peiró JM, Tetrick L. Occupational Health Psychology. IAAP Handbook of Applied Psychology. 2011. 1119- p.
 Occupational Health

Occupational
Health
Occupational Psychology
Preventive Medicine
Medicine
Organization
Positive advances

New Horizons

Engineering Occupational Safety

Quick J. Occupational health psychology: The convergence of health and clinical psychology with public health and
preventive medicine in an organizational context. Prof Psychol Res Pract. 1999 Apr 1;30:123–8. Adapted.
 Populations Served by Psychologists

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Percentage of Respondents

Hamp A, Stamm K, Lin L, Christidis P. 2015 APA Survey of Psychology Health Service Providers. 2016;(April):1–22.
Available from: https://www.apa.org/workforce/publications/15-health-service-
providers/report.pdf%0Ahttp://www.apa.org/workforce/publications/15-health-service-providers/index.aspx
The ten most important emerging
psychosocial risks
• Precarious contracts in the context of • Ageing workforce
unstable labour market • Long working hours
• Increased workers vulnerability in the • Work intensification
context of globalization • Lean production and out-sourcing
• New forms of employment contracts • High emotional demands at work
• Poor work-life balance
• Feeling of job insecurity

Stavroula Leka and Jonathan Houdmont. Occupational health psychology. Wiley-Blackwell; 2010.
Topik riset di bidang OHP
Important theoretical models in Occupational stress and physical
OHP research health
• Demand-control-support model • Cardiovascular disease
• Effort-reward imbalance model • Job-related burnout and
• Job demands-resources model cardiovascular health
• Job loss and physical health
• Musculoskeletal disorders

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_health_psychology
Topik riset di bidang OHP
Workplace mistreatment Mental disorder
• Workplace incivility • Alcohol abuse
• Abusive supervision • Depression
• Workplace bullying • Personality disorders
• Sexual harassment • Schizophrenia
• Workplace violence

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_health_psychology
Topik riset di bidang OHP
Psychological distress Workplace interventions
• Psychosocial working conditions • Industrial organizations
• Unemployment • OHP research at the National Institute
• Economic insecurity for Occupational Safety and Health
• Work-family balance • Military and first responders
• Modestly scaled interventions
• Health promotion
Accidents and safety
• Prevention
• Total Worker Health

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_health_psychology
Physiological Reactions to Stress
• Increased heart rate and blood pressure
• Increased metabolic rate
• Increased breathing rate
• Dilation of pupils
• Tensing of muscles
• Secretion of endorphins and stress hormones
• Release of extra sugar from the liver
Psychological Reactions to Stress
• Anxiety
• Anger and aggression
• Apathy and depression
• Cognitive impairment
• Narrowing of attention, focus
“Bad” (threatening) stress can…
• …impair cognitive functioning
• …lead to cardiovascular health problems
• …damage immune and nervous systems
• …contribute to other physical/psychological strains
• Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs)
• Depression, anxiety, frustration
• …reduce worker effectiveness
Stress at work may be good if it…
• …motivates (challenges)
• …forces necessary adaptation
• …is not a permanent environmental feature
• …is handled appropriately by the worker and the organization
Measurement
• Measurement of immune system functioning
• Measurement of musculoskeletal functioning
• Measurement issues in work-family research
• Measurement of sleep and sleepiness
• Measurement of emotions
• Measurement psychological well-being
• Measurement of interpersonal mistreatment in organizations
• Measurement of depression and anxiety in occupational health psychology
• Measurement of posttraumatic stress disorders in an occupational health
context
• Measurement of work engagement
 Topic areas identified as important and core to
an OHP educational curriculum by European and North American

• Interventions to promote health

• Organisational research methods
• Psychosocial work environment
• Stress theory
• Stress interventions
Accidents; Burnout; Combating psychosocial risks; Coping; Design of the work
environment; Health promotion; Mental health; New ways of working; Occupational
health hazards; Work-life balance; Work design and health

Peiró JM, Tetrick L. Occupational Health Psychology. IAAP Handbook of Applied Psychology. 2011. 1119- p.
 Content analysis, based
on subject focus, of
individual journal articles
published in the Journal
of Occupational Health
Psychology; 1996 – 2012.
The author categorized
each article in a topical
designation that
represented the main
focus of the research.

Piotrowski C. Occupational Health Psychology: Neglected Areas of Research. J Instr Psychol. 2012;39(3–4):189.
 Positive Occupational Health Psychology

• Burnout
• Work engagement
• Work engagement is a unique concept that is best predicted by job resources
(e.g., autonomy, supervisory coaching. and performance feedback) and personal
resources (e.g., self-efficacy) and is predictive of psychological/physical health,
proactive organizational behavior, and job performance.
Shimazu a., Schaufeli WB. Towards a positive occupational health psychology: The case of work engagement. Japanese J
Stress Sci. 2009;24(May 2014):181–7.
Occupational
Health
Psychology