https://drive.explaineverything.

com/thecode/GMPNXGD

R4: Rational Expressions and

more operations on Radicals

1. Determining Restricted Values for a Rational Expression

To find the restricted value of a rational expression, start by simplifying the

equation. Recall that the denominator cannot be 0 in any fraction.

To find the restrictions for x, set each polynomial in the denominator to

cannot be equal to 0, and solve for x.

Finding the restrictions of .;

1
. g.io j1dgb

𝑥 2 −4𝑥

ios
First, simplify the equation in the denominator.

1 1

=
𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 𝑥(𝑥 − 4)

Second, the denominator cannot be 0

1.x≠0

2.x−4≠0 and ×x≠4

Then, the restrictions of x are; x≠0 and x≠4.

II

Example 1: Determine the restrictions on the variable for each

rational expression.
𝑥+7

a. 5

𝑥+5

XI 5 I 5

IR 3 54

9𝑥 3 −5

b.
2𝑥−4 I X 4 0

EX 4 2

2 I 11

x 2

IR 121

Example 2: Simplifying Rational Expressions

FWY a.

4𝑥 2 +8𝑥
4 9811 0 3 6 0

3𝑥+6
2 3CXt2

4 4

4 21
111 4

30421 3

0 959
FIT 1

5−𝑥

b.
𝑥−5

XI l

jobless

2.Dividing rational expressions.

In order to Divid rational expressions, you need to follow the steps;

Step 1: Completely factor both the numerators and denominators of all

fractions.

Step 2: Change the division sign to a multiplication sign and flip the

fraction after the division sign; essential you need to multiply by

the reciprocal.

Step 3: Reduce the fractions. Something, you can cancel in the

numerator with something in the denominator, but in order to

cancel something in the numerator and denominator the two

factors must be EXACTLY the same.

Step 4: Rewrite the remaining factor. Notice that you do NOT need to

actually multiply anything in the numerator or denominator.

D In
Example: Divide the rational expressions and simplify if possible.
S.dl.jo

is 𝑥 2 I
− 8𝑥 + 15 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 20
÷ 2

𝑥2 − 𝑥 − 6 𝑥 − 6𝑥 + 8

cx sscx.MX Cx
Cxt3Cxf3

Cxt5 G

c9iIxfEs3

x sx sx.no

10 X 5 2 10

if X2t7xtlo
𝑥 3 − 27 5𝑥 2 + 15𝑥 + 45

÷ 2 CXts xt3

Is 9 − 𝑥2 𝑥 + 8𝑥 + 15
1548 15 y

X3 Cx't3 93
Sfx 3xtD

3 x X 5 715 1 45

X 3 Cxt CXt5 Cxt3X

sass

3.Adding and subtracting rational expressions

1. Add/ subtracting rational expressions ( same denominators)

We can add/subtract rational expressions as the same way as we add/ subtract

numerical fractions.

To add/ subtract two numerical fractions with the same denominator, we

simply add/ subtract the numerators, and write the result over the common

denominator. For example;

𝑥 2 𝑥+2

+ =

2𝑥 − 1 2𝑥 − 1 2𝑥 − 1

2. Add/and subtract rational expressions (different denominators)

Now let's apply this on the following example:

1 2

𝑥−3 𝑥+5

In order to add/subtract two rational expressions with different

denominators, you must let the denominators be the same, the first needs is

a factor of (x+5) and the second needs is a factor of(x-3). Let's manipulate

the fractions in order to achieve this. Then, we can add as usual.

1 2 1 (𝑥 + 5) 2 (𝑥 − 3) 3𝑥 − 1

+ = + =
𝑥 − 3 𝑥 + 5 𝑥 − 3 (𝑥 + 5) 𝑥 + 5 (𝑥 − 3) (𝑥 + 5)(𝑥 − 3)

Example: Adding/subtracting the rational expressions and

simplify.

a)
4
c+ 5
ExtDI 1 27 5 9 8 51 10

𝑥−2
a
𝑥+2 Cx 2
cat G 2 CAD

x u

II.dWl

2𝑥 − 5 5𝑥 + 3

𝑏)
𝑥−6
−
6−𝑥
3X S 5 13

x 6 ECK 6

zx

4. Rationalizing the denominator.

Sometimes we work with expressions that contain radicals. Often the value

of these expressions is not clear. In cases where we have a fraction with a

radical in the denominator, we can use a technique called rationalizing a

denominator to eliminate the radical.

The point of rationalizing a denominator is to make it easier to

understand what the quantity really is by removing radicals from the

denominators.

For example;

To rationalize the denominator of; . ‫الزم نشيل الجذر‬

√3

Observe that the denominator has a square root of √3. Weneed to rationalize

it by omitting the radical symbol.

√3

Now, multiply the original fraction by:

√3

6 √3 6√ 3 6√ 3

. = = .
√3 √3 √9 3

Example: Simplify the following.

a.
3 r

√5
‫دايم ناخذ عكس االشارة‬
12

1 81 12
b.

39,8
√15−√7

b
E
sacrist
8

Tstrf
3 sr
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IS 7 8