Answer the following by summarizing the following theorist and

models:

1. Nightingale
Nightingale’s goals were big, no less than a comprehensive approach
to public health care in a broader social welfare mode. She well understood
that health status is related to living conditions, especially housing. Hence
measures to promote income security, home ownership and pensions were
public health concerns. Public works to provide jobs in times of economic
downturn (pre-Keynes, let us note) and education for all (an early
understanding of human capital theory) needed to be part of social policy,
for public health.

2. Purdom
Purdom applies holism in early years of life, young, adults, midyear &
later prioritizes the survival of human being.

3. Hanlon
Problems are manifest in the emergence of new public health
epidemics such as obesity and addictive behaviours, the loss of well-being
and increase in anxiety and depression in affluent society, and the
persistence of ever-widening health and social inequalities at national and
global levels. Still larger problems now confront us, such as climate change,
peak oil and the loss of biodiversity, all of which are linked to the ‘modern’
way of life. We are potentially faced with the collapse of certain aspects of
modern society: we are certainly faced with the prospect of inevitable
change.

4. Winskow
Public Health is the science and the art of preventing disease,
prolonging life, and promoting physical health and efficiency through
organized community efforts for the sanitation of the environment, the
control of community infections, the education of the individual in
principles of personal hygiene, the organization of medical and nursing
 service for the early diagnosis and preventive treatment of disease, and the
development of the social machinery which will ensure to every individual
in the community a standard of living adequate for the maintenance of
health; organizing these benefits in such fashion as to enable every citizen to
realize his birthright of health and longevity.

5. HeLTH-Illnwa-Continuum model
The health-illness continuum illustrates this process of change, in
which the individual experiences various states of health and illness (ranging
from extremely good health to death) that fluctuate throughout his life.
Adaptation and effective functioning, even in the presence of chronic
disease, can be considered a state of wellness. A person may be in perfect
physical condition, but feel too tired and “blue” to go to work, while his co-
worker, a diabetic, is at work, functioning fully and accomplishing his job.

6. Agent-host-evironment model
As public health focus moves to non-infectious health problems such
as obesity or mental health, limitations of this traditional approach become
clearer. The agents associated with non-infectious diseases are invariably
non-specific, often there are no necessary causal factors; host susceptibility
cannot be measured, and the environment has complex, interacting layers of
influence. In such circumstances, agent, host and environment explanations
have significant limitations.

7. Health Beliefs model

The Health Belief Model is a theoretical model that can be used to
guide health promotion and disease prevention programs. It is used to
explain and predict individual changes in health behaviors. It is one of the
most widely used models for understanding health behaviors.

8. Health promotion model

The Health Promotion Model was designed by Nola J. Pender to be a
“complementary counterpart to models of health protection.” It defines
health as a positive dynamic state rather than simply the absence of disease.
Health promotion is directed at increasing a patient’s level of well-being.
The health promotion model describes the multidimensional nature of
persons as they interact within their environment to pursue health.