By : Yumi

Cangelosi Taxonomy with the Psychomotor Domain

Psychomotor targets in Cangelosi's taxonomy are classified into two, namely;
The ability of striated muscles, and the ability to perform special skills.
A. Striated Muscle Ability
The target of striated muscle ability requires students to use their bodies to do
physical work within certain detailed parameters (for example, time, weight, or
distance) such as walking, running, jumping, painting, disassembling and
installing equipment, and so on. The content of the striated muscle ability target
should determine the muscle groups that should receive training and the type of
ability.
Problems on striated muscle ability require students to use the type of ability
(eg endurance, strength, flexibility, agility, or speed) with muscle groups detailed
by targets. Muscle abilities in general can be classified as follows:
1. Endurance (ability to perform activities)
If the ability that is being targeted is resilience, then the question must
provide a means to observe:
a) The number of continuous repetitions that can be performed by a group
of muscles in carrying out certain tasks
b) The amount of time used for the muscles to work.
The following is an example, given the objectives and questions designed to
measure them.
Goal : increase striated muscle endurance
Assignments given to students : A first grader of elementary school is asked
to make as many numbers 1 to 10 as possible as the teacher has shown in the
class.
Score lock : count the numbers made correctly.

2. Strength (ability to resist physical endurance)

Problems on strength abilities should allow for observing the amount of
weight moved over a certain distance by that muscle group. The following
questions are designed to measure strength.
Goal : increase quadriceps muscle strength
 Assignments given to students : After warming up sufficiently, students are
asked to do a left leg extension lift on a leg-lift bench. The load tested was
far below the maximum lifting capacity of the student. The lifting movement
was tried by increasing the weight of the load gradually until the student
could not lift his legs anymore. There is sufficient recovery time between
each additional load. This problem can be done in a few days.
Key score: record the maximum weight of the load lifted by the student

3. Flexibility (range of motion in a joint)

If the target ability is flexibility, then the problem must contain a means
to observe the angle formed by muscle groups when stretching or bending a
joint. Here's an example of the question
Goal : improve lower back muscle flexibility Assignments given to students :
After a sufficient warm-up exercise, students are asked to:
a) Sit on the floor with your legs stretched out 180 degrees and your hands
under your knees
b) Bend your head as far as possible between your knees and stay in this
position until the cue is finished.
Key score : the inner angle of the waist is measured and recorded

4. Agility (ability to respond to a stimulus quickly and smoothly)

If the target of ability is agility, the problem must contain a means to
observe the time it takes to respond to certain stimuli in a determined
manner. Examples are as follows,
Goal : increase eye-to-hand reaction
Assignments given to students : Students sit facing a panel with:
a) Three buttons (from left to right green, blue, and red)
b) A board with a display of light bulbs (from left to right in red green blue)
students are asked to immediately press the button that is the same color
as the light that is on.
Key score : number of correct key presses in 1 minute.

5. Speed (ability to reduce the amount of time it takes to get from one physical
point to another)
 If the target ability is speed then the problem must contain a means to
observe the time it takes for muscle groups to carry out a predetermined
amount of work. Examples are as follows,
Goal : increase the speed of bending the hamstrings and quadriceps
stretching the knee.
The task given to students : The student lies face down straight on the mat
and then asked to quickly make a movement within 30 seconds moving the
bottom of his left leg trying to bring the left leg to touch the buttocks and
then return to its original position.
Key Score : The number of moves completed within 30 seconds is recorded
Some examples of striated muscle ability targets are as follows:
1) Increase the flexibility of both hands for painting flat shapes and building
spaces using a ruler, bow, and compass.
2) Increase the flexibility of the hands to imitate the circles and lines that have
been exemplified on the previous paper.
3) Increase agility in calculating the speed of water with a certain volume
flowing through a pipe (calculate water discharge)

B. Ability To Perform Special Skills

The target of the ability to perform specific skills requires students to utilize
the ability of striated muscles to carry out certain physical processes. The content
of the goal of performing a specific skill must show a physical process or routine
physical activity that must be carried out. For example, five-year-old Rani was
asked to write a capital A, designed to target process knowledge. To diagnose
why Rani is underperforming at that, we need to measure the target by moving
the pencil well enough so that it can follow the steps to form a capital letter A.
(psychomotor ability to carry out certain skills).
The goal of ability to perform a particular skill relates to how well students
can perform the steps in a process which is very similar to the goal of knowledge
of a related process which is concerned with how well students can remember the
steps in a process.
Examples of ability goals to perform special skills :
1. Voicing the right consonant sound when given a signal to say b, d,
2. Demonstrate how or steps to paint flat shapes and build spaces using a ruler,
bow, and anchor on the blackboard in front of the class.
3. Utilizing the ability of striated muscles to draw flat shapes, students can
make space nets.
4. Demonstrate how or steps to graph a function on a Cartesian diagram using a
ruler in front of the class.